The Roman EmpirePOLITICAL

Plebeians- Were the average working class citizens of rome. They were farmers, bakers, builders, craftsmen who worked hard to support their families and pay their taxes.

Tribune- were strictly a powerful political office that had the power to help the people Tribunes of the Plebeians were powerful figures in Rome's republican government with the right of veto and more.

Quaestor- acted as treasurers of the state, they oversaw public finance and taxation

Aedile (plebian/curule)- oversaw public works, sponsored the public games, took care of water/food supply and took care of the temples and other public buildings

Praetor- Acts as judge and can therefore create law by legal precedent, administration of justice, paid for the Roman Games.

Propraetor- were praetors the previous year that had done such a good job that their term was extended and they were now governor of one of the Roman provinces.

Consul- Responsible for maintaining order in the Roman Republic, Equivalent to a dual presidency, it was a very honorable position, the Consul could propose law, act as a senior judge, and be an army commander.

Proconsul- Similar to Propraetors, the proconsul had been a consul the previous year and got their term extended in a senatorial province.

Censor- Took census of the Roman population, found farmers for public land, set up public projects and ultimately in control of the publics moral.

Dictator- Had absolute power over the entire Republic, combines all magisterial powers in one person for the duration of a particular crisis.

Two Great Emperors

Statue of Augustus, Prima Porta, Rome.

Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican CityLEFT

Gaius Octavius aka Augustus was Julius Caesats great nephew and was to become one of Romes greatest emporors. During his reign he expanded the empire, ended a 100 years of civil war, and achieved over 40 years of internal peace and prosperity. His vision for the future of the Roman Empire expanded trade and travel across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East under Romes Protection. He had won over the senate and founded a dynasty. Augustus was declared a god by the senate after his death and passed his power onto his stepson, Tiberius.

Statue of Marcus AureliusCampidoglio, Rome

Capitoline Museum, RomeRIGHT ->

Marcus Aurelius is considered the last of the five good emperors of Rome. Marcus Aurelius was known as a compassionate, ardent and loyal ruler who put his commitment into the Roman Empire above anything else. His sense of duty and good will was, presumably, a consequence of his Stoicism. He was an avid student of the Stoic school of philosophy and was committed

to putting his philosophy into practice, living his life through his understanding and interpretation of Stoicism. The reason for which Marcus Aurelius is deservedly most remembered emperor is the collection of his thoughts or reflections, entitled the Meditations setting forth his ideas on stoic philosophy.

Cited Sources1. SPARAN, MARIANNE, AND DONIELLE STREULI. "GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF THE ROMAN

EMPIRE." MRS. RODRIGUEZ'S PERIOD 8 CLASS /. N.P., N.D. WEB. 02 DEC. 2013.

2. LENDERING, JONA. "CURSUS HONORUM." CURSUS HONORUM. N.P., N.D. WEB. 02 DEC. 2013.

3. MCMANUS, BARBARA F. "ROMAN GOVERNMENT." ROMAN GOVERNMENT. N.P., N.D. WEB. 02 DEC. 2013.

4. "PLEBIANS." PBS. PBS, N.D. WEB. 01 DEC. 2013.

5. CARVAZZI, FRANCO. "ROMAN OFFICES." ROMAN OFFICES. N.P., N.D. WEB. 02 DEC. 2013.

6. "MARCUS AURELIUS - BIOGRAPHY." MARCUS AURELIUS. EUROPEAN GRADUATE SCHOOL EGS, N.D. WEB. 02 DEC. 2013.

7. "HISTORY OF ART: ART OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE." HISTORY OF ART: ART OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. N.P., N.D. WEB. 01 DEC. 2013.

8. "AUGUSTUS." PBS. DEVILLIER DONEGAN ENTERPRISES, N.D. WEB. 30 NOV. 2013.

9. CHIN, KAITLIN. " ." [LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STUDY TOUR WITH PROFESSOR JACK AHERN. DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND REGIONAL PLANNING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, N.D. WEB. 01 DEC. 2013.

10. INTHASORN, PIYAWUT. "[LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STUDY TOUR WITH PROFESSOR JACK AHERN."[LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STUDY TOUR WITH PROFESSOR JACK AHERN. N.P., N.D. WEB. 03 DEC. 2013.

Roman ArchitectureTHE ANCIENT ROMANS WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF

1. FORUMS - SQUARES WHICH WERE SURROUNDED BY TEMPLES, SHOPS, AND BASILICAS

2. BASILICAS - PUBLIC BUILDINGS

3. BATHS

4. MARKETS SUCH AS TRAJAN'S MARKET IN ROME - A FIVE STORY COMPLEX HOUSING SHOPS, BARS AND RESTAURANTS

5. AMPHITHEATERS SUCH AS THE COLISEUM AND THE CIRCUS MAXIMUS

6. THEATRES

7. TRIUMPHAL ARCHES CELEBRATING THE VICTORIES OF THE ROMANS

8. VILLAS

9. TEMPLES

10. ROADS

11. FORTS AND STOCKADES

12. TOWNS

13. AQUEDUCTS

The Pantheon- Is one of the best preserved Roman temples in Italy. It is one of the oldest standing structures in Rome today. It is still used

as a Catholic church to hold daily mass and is considered to be one of the greatest architectural structures from ancient times.

The Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum or Flavian Amphitheater, is an elliptical amphitheater in the center of Rome . The primary function of an amphitheater was to house spectacles of blood sports--gladiators combats, hunts of wild animals and naval battles called naumachiae. Entrance to the games was free and the massive amphitheater had a capacity estimated at about 50,000 and 80,000 Romans. The Colosseum was built for several reasons to include staging various forms of entertainment, to utilize and showcase the latest Roman engineering techniques and as a gift to Roman Citizen increasing the popularity of the Flavian dynasty.