the role of wellness in buildings

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Provider #: A022

The Role of Wellness in BuildingsCourse Number HTF16

Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request.

This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product._______________________________________

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Current methodologies and practices to design, construct and operate buildings that will exceed code requirements while promoting the wellness of the occupants.

CourseDescription

LearningObjectives

• Show connection between architecture and public wellness, including documentation of recent downward trend in public health.

• Explain the various organizations’ approaches to improving wellness of building occupants.

• Detailed review of design strategies like biophilic design, air and water filtration.• Case studies of healthy building.

At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:

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The Role of Wellness in Buildings

Al LaPera CxA, EMP, LEED AP BD+C, O&M, GGP

Living Building Challenge Ambassador Senior Energy Consultant

September 29, 2016

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Albert Einstein

“Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. “

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AIALearning Objectives

Show connection between architecture and public wellness, including documentation of recent downward trend in public health.

Case studies of healthy buildings.

Explain the various organizations approaches to improving wellness of building occupants.

Detailed review of design strategies like biophilic design, air and water filtration.

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Vocabulary

Biophilic Design & Biophilic UrbanismBiophilic Design & Biophilic Urbanism BiomimicryBiomimicry

AIA Active Design & Fit CityAIA Active Design & Fit City

ULI Building Healthy PlacesULI Building Healthy Places

Academy of Neuroscienceand ArchitectureAcademy of Neuroscienceand Architecture Green/SustainableGreen/Sustainable

USGBC LEED certification, LEEDAPs, and LEED Cx

USGBC LEED certification, LEEDAPs, and LEED Cx

WELL certification and WELL APs, and WELL Cx

WELL certification and WELL APs, and WELL Cx

Legionnaire’sDiseaseLegionnaire’sDisease

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Whydo we need buildings to

play a role inwellness?

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in our natural & built environment

andhow it impacts us

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Effective strategies built into the city’s

fabric

Infectious Diseases

Codes, planningand

infrastructure

Invisible, pervasive and an inevitable part

of life

Chronic Diseases

Healthy design solutions parallel

sustainable design solutions

Source U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

OVERCROWDING

INADEQUATE SYSTEMS

MAJOR EPIDEMICS


Lower Manhattan1910: 114,000 people per sq. mi.2011: 67,000 people per sq. mi.

Garbage • Water • SewerPervasive FilthPolluted Water Supplies

Air/droplet-borne diseases: TBWater-borne diseases: CholeraVector-borne disease: Yellow Fever

100+ Years AgoUrban Conditions

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Infrastructure Interventions

New York’s water system established

Central Park, “ventilation for the working man’s lungs”

Department of Sanitation, started as street-sweeping

New York State Tenement House Act

Subway system opens, allowing expansion

Zoning Ordinance allows light and air into streets

Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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The ResultsInfectious Disease Rates

BEFOREINFRASTRUCTURE

INTERVENTIONEFFECTIVENESS

REALIZED

AFTERINFRASTRUCTURE

INTERVENTIONEFFECTIVENESS

REALIZEDAND

BEFOREWIDE USE OFANTIBIOTICS

AFTERWIDE USE OFANTIBIOTICS


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The Epidemics of Today


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Obesity Among U.S. Adults

Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center

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Diagnosed Diabetes Among U.S. Adults


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Driving Forces

What is driving the need for Wellness in Design?

Driving Forces

How will we respond?

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Built Environments Today

DESIGN

ACTIVE

Medical Professionals:Most Important Factors Affecting Patient Health

Alarming percentage of doctors NOT making the connection between heath and buildings!

Source: Dodge Data & Analytics

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32%68% 40%60%53%47%

Medical Professionals:

Source: Dodge Data & Analytics

Pediatricians

Alarming percentage of doctors NOT making the connection between heath and buildings!

NO - see no connection between buildings and health

YES - believe that buildings impact patient health

General Practitioners Psychologists & Psychiatrist

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Medical Costs = $147 Billion per year


70%Chronic Diseases

of deaths each year due to

+ + + + +

+ + + + +

• Pediatricians

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Financial Importance of Wellness

Operational Costs

1% Energy

9% Rent & Operations

90% Salary

% Cost

energy

rent & ops

salary

AIA

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City Policy + Implementation

Land Use Mix: Public Parks and Open Spaces

DESIGN

ACTIVE

ULI

http://uli.org/research/centersinitiatives/building-healthy-places-initiative/

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ULI

“…Cycling is the new Golfing…”

“…No Gates, No Golf…”

Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture

http://www.anfarch.org

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Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture

http://www.anfarch.org

“Changes in the environment change the brain, and therefore they change our behavior.”

- Fred Gage

WELL Certification

http://www.wellcertified.com

THE

SEVE

N C

ON

CEP

TS O

F W

ELL

BUIL

DIN

G S

TAN

DAR

D

12.9MILLION

Sq. Ft. Registered

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WELL Building Certification

Silver

100%

0%

Gold

100%

40%

Platinum

100%

80%

LEVEL

PRECONDITIONS

OPTIMIZATIONS

CERTIFICATION LEVELS

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Specific Preconditions and Optimizations

Each feature of WELL is ascribed to the human body systems intended to be benefited

CARDIOVASCULAR

DIGESTIVE

ENDOCRINEIMMUNE

INTEGUMENTARY

MUSCULARNERVOUS

REPRODUCTIVE

RESPIRATORY

SKELETALURINARY

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Integrating Wellness Into A Building

1. Biophilic Design

Views, Sounds, Air Patterns

2. Daylight Harvesting

Circadian Rhythm

3. Clean Air

ASHRAE 62 – Air Quality

4. Clean Water

Legionnaires

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Biophilia Hypothesis

Biophilia, “the urge to affiliate with other forms of life”

- E.O.Wilson (1984)

An attraction to all that is alive and vital; more than just plants, it includes weather, animals.

• windows to nature

• fresh air

• daylight

• green spaces

Solar light is great...

How important are nature’s sounds and seeing natural material?

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Nature promotes positive emotions,

psychological resilience and well-being.

Research shows, pleasant environments

stimulate opioid receptors, so that we

feel a sense of pleasure.

The Science BehindBiophilic Design

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Biophilic Design

Experiment A - involuntary body responses to a variety of environments.

• What is around the next corner?

• Fear• Horizon• Structure

Experiment B - Recovery time of the involuntary systems of the body to stress

Experiment C - How is productivity affected by office design and proximity tonature views?

The body’s involuntary response to Nature

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Biophilic Design

Experiment A

What is around the next corner?


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Biophilic Design

Experiment A


• Fear

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Biophilic Design

Experiment A


• Fear• Prospect - Horizon

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Biophilic Design

Experiment A


• Fear• Prospect - Horizon• Refuge - Comforting


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The combination of prospect and refuge had the best result!

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Biophilic Design Stress Response TestExperiment B

Patients were exposed to stress and their recovery was monitored with respect to breathing, heart rate, electrical systems, …

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• Room with NO view of nature

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• Room with NO view of nature• Room with a view

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• Room with NO view of nature• Room with a view• Room with a picture/video view of nature

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Biophilic Design Experiment C

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Biophilic Design Other Data

• Hospital: Relative rankings of peoplenear windows had lower symptomsby 15% to 20%

• Processing Center: 6% - 7% improvement

• San Raffaele Hospital Study: 30% reductions in recovery time of bi-polar patients by staging them in the east, with early night

• 2.6 days less in hospital when

naturally lit = 325% ROI

• Hospital in Singapore uses vegetated roof

to restore native species

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Healing Garden CourtyardsDell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas

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Internal ContextDell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas

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Why IEQ?Nemours Children’s Hospital of Orlando, Florida

Occupants in high-quality interior environments exhibit

• Increased Sense of Well-Being

• Improved Concentration

• Improved Engagement

• Reduced Stress

Because the Interior Environment Matters

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Betterment to the WorkersDell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas

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Elements of Biophilic Design

Nature in the Space

1. Visual Connection with Nature

2. Non-visual Connection with Nature

3. Non-rhythmic Sensory Stimuli

4. Access to Thermal & Airflow Variability

5. Presence of Water 6. Dynamic & Diffuse

Daylight 7. Connection with

Natural Systems

Nature of the Space

11. Prospect

12. Refuge

13. Mystery

14. Risk/Peril

Natural Analogues

8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns

9. Material Connection with Nature

10. Complexity & Order

Courtesy of Terrapin Bright Green

These qualities and others are important for creating spaces that are comfortable and interesting to occupants, as well as conducive to employee productivity, satisfaction, and retention.

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Space VariabilityMotion and Fluidity

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Biophilic DesignVoting

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Psychological Stress Responses

• Emotion / Mood

• Alertness

• Adaptability

• Attention

• Concentration

Cognitive Functionality Creativity

• Logic

• Mental Agility

• Rote / Memory

Physiological Stress Responses• Musculoskeletal• Visual• Respiratory• Endocrine System• Aural• Agility• Alertness

Biophilia Performance MetricsHealth Impacts

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1. Biophilic Design



Circadian Rhythm

3. Clean Air


4. Clean Water

Legionnaires

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Light – Daylight Harvesting

Spatial DaylightAutonomy sDA

Do I have enough light?300 lux for 50% of occ hrs

N

Annual Sun ExposureIs there a glare problem?

1,000 lux for less than 250 occ hr/yr

Average Annual LuxDo I like the light quality

in my space?Circadian Rhythm

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Light

Impacts Circadian Rhythm, which impacts Sleep Cycle, which impacts Melatonin production, which can lead to Cancer, Obesity, …

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Light

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1. Biophilic Design



Circadian Rhythm

3. Clean Air


4. Clean Water

Legionnaires

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Clean Air – Air Quality

If Ambient Air ppm of CO2 is

Set-point can be<350 <1050

If there is more external quality air, the ventilation rate can be lower

Poor Air quality is the cause of:

50,000 premature deaths in the US Annually$150 billion in illness related economic costs$93 billion is headache, fatigue and Sick Building Syndrome related symptoms

Corresponds to1050 15 Cfm per person

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Clean Air –Ventilation

Methods

Ventilation Rate is set by ASHRAE Std 62,

…and adopted as code in most municipalities

62Cfm per

year

to meet code

/CfmCapital Costs

Ventilation RateAir Quality

$

$

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Evolution of ASHRAE 62.1

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Ventilation Rate Procedure

A prescriptiveprocedure in which outdoor air intake rates are determined based on space type/application, occupancy leveland floorarea.

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Ventilation Rate Procedure

4.1 Regional Air QualityMust determine NAAQS

attainment status www.epa.gov

Air cleaning required in some cases of non-attainment

A performancebased procedure in which outdoor air intake rates are determined based on ambient air quality and building interior conditions.

4.2 Local Air QualityConduct observational site

survey to identify local sources of air contaminants

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Ventilation Directly Relates to Energy Consumption

40% of total cooling load at peak design temperature for a typical office building would

be ventilation without energy recovery

Reducing ventilation loads results

in initial cost reduction and

ongoing operation cost reductions.

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Air Quality / BiophiliaBringing Nature Inside

Biofiltration breaks down VOCs and cleans air, which allows lower ventilation rates, reducing costs.

Nedlaw Living Wallswww.naturaire.com

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Air Quality Method

Biofiltration reduces energy demand

by reducing ventilation volume

Electrostatic and Ionization not

allowed for LEED innovation credit

LEED allows IAQ method but must be

cleared in advance

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Air

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1. Biophilic Design



Circadian Rhythm

3. Clean Air


4. Clean Water

Legionnaires

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Water Quality

You can live without electricity.You cannot live without water!

(2 liters/day)

• Number of contaminants is increasing

• Using the same standard for all uses is a waste of resources

• Promoting drinking water

• Legionnaires Disease is still a problem

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After Identified, CDC traced multiple outbreaks dating back to 1947Because it is not a pathogen… CDC has no interest!

Water QualityLegionnaire’s Disease

FloridaNew YorkOhioMassachusetts

History

American Legion ConventionBellevue Stratford HotelPhiladelphia19

76 34 DEAD

221ILL

Rate increases between 2012 - 2013

22%77%

121%40%

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How many people die each year from Legionnaires Disease?

a) none

b) 314

c) 4,001

d) 12,424

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Must be taken in vapor form or aspirated

Water QualityLegionnaire’s Disease

4,000+

cases annually25,000 - 50,000

deaths annually

Too hot for Legionellae to survive

Legionellae multiplication

range, optimum temperature is

37°C

Legionellae can survive but can’t multiply

Too cold for Legionellae to survive

Legionellae can survive but can’t multiply

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Return on Investment

2%6%

92%

Building Costs

Design & Construction

Operations & Maintenance

Personnel

Personnel costs significantly outweigh thecosts for design and construction andoperations andmaintenance

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1. Building Cost @ $200/sfover 10 years = $20/sf/yr

2. Energy Costs = $2.5/sf/yr

3. People Costs = $350/sf/yr

4. People Savings @ 1% improvement = $3.5/sF/yr

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Nature in the SpaceVisual Connections to Nature

Increased Productivity

299%Return on Investment

Sacramento Municipal Utility District

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WELL Certified ProjectsCBRE HQ – Los Angeles, CA

2013 – 1st WELL Certified Building

Features include:

Goals include:

Air FiltrationSound Damp WallsVOC Free PaintWater PurificationErg FurnitureBiophilic DesignSmart Lighting

+ CreativityReduced AbsenteeismSharpened Focus+ Speed & Accuracy+ Productivity

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WELL Certified ProjectsTryon Place – Charlotte, NC

Crescent Communities – Little Architects

Features include:

Goals include:

750,000 sqftClean AirClean WaterVOC free paintBiophilic designUFAD – Vent EffectivenessMax. Natural Light

Reduce StressEnhance WellnessQuality of LifeMarket Differentiation+ Human Capital

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WELL Certified ProjectsLYFE Kitchens – multiple locations in CA, IL, CO

WELL Certified Buildings

Features include:

Goals include:

Air FiltrationVOC Free PaintWater PurificationInnovative lightingBiophilic DesignHealthy EntrancesPhoto-Catalytic Coating at high touch points

+ Customer Experience+ Employee Work

Experience

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TLC Engineering for Architecture [email protected]

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Thank you for your attention!

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the role of wellness in buildings

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