The Role of the International Organizationsİn the World Security particularly:

UNITED NATIONS

•The League of Nations

•The break down of the league system

Tracing the Origins of the Present UN:

In 1945,after World War II representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference.There are currently 192 member states.

THE UNITED NATIONS

Purposes

•to maintain international peace and security

•to develop friendly relations among nations

•to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems •to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends.

PURPOSES

BUDGET

•The costs of United Nations programmes in political affairs,• international justice and law,• international cooperation for development, public information,•human rights and humanitarian affairs.

The main source of funds for the budget is the contributions of member states.

LANGUAGE

•The six official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish, while the Secretariat uses two working languages, English and French.

MAIN BODIES OF THE UN

• The General Assembly

• The Security Council

• The Economic and Social Council

• The Trusteeship Council

• The Secretariat

• The International Court of Justice

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

• The main deliberative assembly of the United Nations.

• It occupies a central position as policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations.

• Composed of all 192 members of the UN.

• When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required.

Main Functions of the General Assembly

Discussing any question relating to international peace and security.

Making recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any situation that might impair friendly relations among nations.

Receiving and considering reports from the Security Council and other United Nations organs.

Considering and approving the United Nations budget

THE SECURITY COUNCIL

• has the power to make binding decisions that member governments have agreed to carry out.

• 5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, the UK and the US.

• 10 non-permanent members: Belgium, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Libya, Panama, South Africa and Vietnam.

Main Funtions of the Security Council

• To maintain international peace and security

• To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international conflict

• To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes

• To take military action against an aggressor • To recommend the admission of new

Members

THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL (ECOSOC)

• assists the General Assembly • established to promote economic

ad social cooperation and development among member states.

• has 54 members, all of whom are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term.

RESPONSIBILITIES of ECOSOC

• Promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and economic and social progress.

• Identifying solutions to international economic, social and health problems.

• Facilitating international cultural and educational cooperation.

• Encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

• It was created to oversee the transition of the colonies into self governing territories.

• Major goal is to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of non-self governing territories.

• While the council was very important in the 1960s, it is largely obsolete today.

THE SECRETARIAT

• The secretariat serves as the UN bureaucracy.

• It carries out the diverse day-to-day work of the organization.

• The secretariat provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings.

• It consists of the Secretary-General and the bureaucratic staff.

Main Duties of the Secretariat

• Surveying economic and social trends and problems

• Preparing studies on human rights and sustainable development

• Informing the world's communications media about the work of the United Nations

• Organizing international conferences on issues of worldwide concern

• Interpreting speeches and translating documents

THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ)

• Also known as World Court.• The principal judicial organ of the

UN.• The Court’s role is to settle legal

disputes submitted to it by States.• It gives advisory opinions on legal

questions.• The Court is composed of 15 judges.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN AMERICA

Central America

Central America where long and bitter armed

conflicts were brought to end in the 1990s.

• UN helped forge landmark peace agreements in El Salvador and Guatemala.

• It worked with governments and civil society to maintain the peace in the area.

• It established the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala, following the Guatemalan Government’s request for assistance.

SEEKING SOCIAL COHESION IN GUYANA

•The Department of Political Affairs is working with other U.N. partners to assist Guyana in overcoming long-standing social and political tensions.

•UN provides funding and political guidance to the Social Cohesion Programme.

Social Cohesion Programme (SCP) in Guyana

The Program works with a range of Guyanese partners;

• To support the implementation of constitutional reforms• To increase access of citizens to security and justice•To build national capacity for the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA

SOMALIA

Somalia is still suffering and living lawlessness since the collapse of its central government in the early 1990s.

• United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) was established in Nairobi in 1995.

• helps advance peace and reconciliation. • also helps to coordinate international

political support and financial assistance for peace and reconciliation efforts.

PEACE IN WEST

AFRICA

• There have been many armed conflicts between the nations in West Africa.

• The UN brings a regional dimension to the prevention and resolution of conflict in the region.

• The United Nations Office for West Africa (UNOWA) was created in 2002 at the request of Member States.

• First such regional conflict prevention and peace-building office of the United Nations.

The Office works for developing programs about

the issues;

• Human rights and democratization• Governance and rule of law• Youth unemployment• Drug and human trafficking• Security in border areas• The disarmament, demobilization

and reintegration of ex-combatants

U.N. Good Offices in Cyprus: to Reunify an Island Divided

A United Nations peacekeeping mission has been stationed on the Island since 1964. To provide political guidance and staff support to the diplomatic efforts

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT OF UN IN EUROPE

Lebanon’s civil war came to an end in 1990, but the country has struggled since to chart out a fully peaceful, democratic, and sovereign future.

UN is working for a peaceful, secure, prosperous Iraq.

The United Nations has long been engaged in diplomatic efforts to bring the bitter Israeli-Palestinian conflict to an end.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT OF UN IN MIDDLE EAST

“Where Europe Died”