the role of computer vision in astronomy

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The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy Rob Fergus New York University

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The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy. Rob Fergus New York University. Overview. Virtually all our knowledge about the universe derived from measurements of photons Usually as images Big astronomy project is $50M-200M But only 1-2% of this on software - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy

Rob FergusNew York University

Page 2: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Overview

• Virtually all our knowledge about the universe derived from measurements of photons– Usually as images

• Big astronomy project is $50M-200M– But only 1-2% of this on software

• Just discovering techniques from computer vision & machine learning

Page 3: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Astrometry.net

Lang, Hogg, Mierle, Blanton & Roweis, [The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 137, 2010]

• Input: image of sky

• Output: – Absolute position – List of objects

• Geometric hashing(quads of stars)– Lamdan & Wolfson

[ICCV’88]

• Widely used by pros & amateurs

Page 4: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Removing Atmospheric Distortions

Hirsch, Harmeling, Sra & Schölkopf , [Astronomy & Astrophysics 2011]

• Ground-based telescopes look through atmosphere

• Blind (online) estimation of atmospheric distortion and true image

• Far better than “lucky” imaging (current approach)

Hirsch, Sra, Schölkopf & Harmeling, [CVPR 2010]

Page 5: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Exoplanet Imaging• Want to image planets around other stars

• Need contrast ratio >1010

for Earth-like planets

• Diffraction in telescope– Light from star obscures planet

• Deconvolution problem– Big assistance from optical design Crepp et al.,

[Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 729, 2011].

Page 6: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Galaxy / Star Classification

Star vs Galaxy

[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]

Page 7: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Galaxy / Star Classification• Distinguish stars from galaxies• SVM-based models

– Smith et al. [A & A, Vol. 522, 2010]

• Generative model of galaxies– Lang et al. [In preparation]

Stars

Galaxies

Data Model

Page 8: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Future Directions

• UnifiedBayesian model

• Propagateuncertaintyfrom pixels

• Physics-informedpriors

Funded by NSF CDI

Page 9: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy
Page 10: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Cosmology

• Bayesian approaches to fitting high-level cosmological models

http://cmml2011.wikispaces.com/

Page 11: The Role of Computer Vision  in Astronomy

Cosmic Ray Classification

• Raw image from Hubble Space Telescope: