The Rock Cycle

Chapter 3, Section 1

Rocks A rock is any solid mass of mineral-like matter

that occurs naturally as part of our planet. A few rocks are composed of only one mineral,

but most are a mixture of many minerals Some rocks consist of organic material (non-

mineral material) Some rocks have no crystalline structure The three main types of rocks are igneous rocks,

sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks

Rocks

The Rock Cycle

Interactions among Earth’s water, air, and land can cause rocks to change from one type to another. The continuous processes that cause rocks to change make up the rock cycle

The Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

Magma – molten material that forms beneath Earth’s surface

When magma cools and hardens beneath the surface or as the result of a volcanic eruption, igneous rock forms

Lava – magma that reaches the surface

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Weathering – process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down by water, air, and living things

Sediments – weathered pieces of earth materials

Eventually, sediments are compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

When sedimentary rocks are buried deep enough, they are subjected to changes in pressure and temperature

Under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, sedimentary rock will change into metamorphic rock

If subjected to higher pressure and temperature changes, metamorphic may reform into magma

Metamorphic Rocks

The Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

Sediments

SedimentaryRocks

MetamorphicRocks

Magma

Weathering & Erosion

Compaction & Cementation

Pressure & Heat

Melting

Cooling

Igneous Rock

Sediment

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Magma!

Igneous Rock

The Rock Cycle

The last step: buffing up the rock

Buff Up

Assignment

Read Chapter 3, Section 1 (pg. 66-69) Do 3.1 Assessment #1-8 (pg. 69)