The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties

The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution Czar Nicholas II loses Czar Nicholas II loses

power for entering WWIpower for entering WWI Vladimir Lenin leads Vladimir Lenin leads

BolsheviksBolsheviks Civil WarCivil War

– Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (landowners, army Whites (landowners, army leaders)leaders)

Union of Soviet Socialist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)Republics (U.S.S.R.)– Gov’t controls all land and Gov’t controls all land and

propertyproperty– 1 political party1 political party– Individuals had no rightsIndividuals had no rights– Try to spread Communism Try to spread Communism

around the worldaround the world

The Red ScareThe Red Scare Schenck v. U.SSchenck v. U.S. (1919). (1919)

– Charles Schenck Charles Schenck convicted of breaking convicted of breaking the Espionage Actthe Espionage Act

The The Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids– Attorney General A. Attorney General A.

Mitchell PalmerMitchell Palmer– Target Communists, Target Communists,

socialists, and socialists, and anarchistsanarchists

Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti– Italian immigrants Italian immigrants

convicted of murderconvicted of murder– Conviction was because Conviction was because

of being immigrantsof being immigrants– 1927, Executed1927, Executed

Labor StrikesLabor Strikes

Strikes in 1919 and 1920 blamed on Strikes in 1919 and 1920 blamed on CommunistsCommunists

The Boston Police StrikeThe Boston Police Strike– Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge

Steel and Coal StrikeSteel and Coal Strike– Steel industry used red scareSteel industry used red scare– United Mine Workers of America’s strike United Mine Workers of America’s strike

put down by Attorney General Palmerput down by Attorney General Palmer

Republican LeadershipRepublican Leadership Republicans control all three branches Republicans control all three branches

from 1921 to 1933from 1921 to 1933 The The HardingHarding Presidency Presidency

– ““Return to normalcy”Return to normalcy”– Favored business (Andrew Mellon); Favored business (Andrew Mellon);

very high tariff but Europe very high tariff but Europe retaliatedretaliated

– Ohio Gang – corrupt advisorsOhio Gang – corrupt advisors– Isolationism Isolationism -Stayed out of League -Stayed out of League

of Nationsof Nations– Limiting ImmigrationLimiting Immigration

Nativist fearsNativist fears Restricted immigration and Restricted immigration and

quotasquotas– Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal

Alfred Fall leases government Alfred Fall leases government land for oil drillingland for oil drilling

Republican LeadershipRepublican Leadership The Coolidge Presidency The Coolidge Presidency

(“Silent Cal”)(“Silent Cal”)– Restored confidenceRestored confidence– Laissez FaireLaissez Faire– Continued IsolationismContinued Isolationism

Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact – – outlawed waroutlawed war

Dawes PlanDawes Plan – loans – loans to Germanyto Germany

The Election of 1928The Election of 1928– Herbert HooverHerbert Hoover

A Business BoomA Business Boom

Consumer EconomyConsumer Economy– Buying on Buying on creditcredit

Installment plansInstallment plans

Electric PowerElectric Power– General ElectricGeneral Electric

New ProductsNew Products– RefrigeratorsRefrigerators– Washing MachinesWashing Machines– IronsIrons– http://http://

www.history.com/www.history.com/videos/1920s-inventionsvideos/1920s-inventions

Ford and the AutomobileFord and the Automobile ““Model T”Model T”

– ““Horseless carriage”Horseless carriage” Assembly LineAssembly Line

– Assembly line moved the Assembly line moved the carscars

– Produced one every 24 Produced one every 24 secondsseconds

– Mass productionMass production A Complex BusinessmanA Complex Businessman

– Scientific ManagementScientific Management– Created 5 day work weekCreated 5 day work week– Gave raises to employeesGave raises to employees

Industrial GrowthIndustrial Growth– Growth of the highway Growth of the highway

system, trucking, motels, system, trucking, motels, restaurants, etc.restaurants, etc.

http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/henry-ford-and-the-model-t

Women’s Changing RolesWomen’s Changing Roles The The FlapperFlapper Image Image

– New type of womanNew type of woman– Short dresses and Short dresses and

short hairshort hair– Smoked, drank, Smoked, drank,

danced the danced the “Charleston”“Charleston”

Working Women and Working Women and VotingVoting– Working women had Working women had

little chances for little chances for advancementadvancement

– 1919thth Amendment Amendment– Women did not vote Women did not vote

like suffragists thoughtlike suffragists thought

Cities and SuburbsCities and Suburbs

African Americans in the NorthAfrican Americans in the North– Great Migration Great Migration – African Americans – African Americans

move from the south to the north for move from the south to the north for work opportunitieswork opportunities

Other MigrationOther Migration– Mexican and CanadianMexican and Canadian

Growth of the Growth of the SuburbsSuburbs– Cars and bussesCars and busses– Fleeing urban areasFleeing urban areas

American HeroesAmerican Heroes

““Lucky Lindy”Lucky Lindy”– Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh

and the and the Spirit of St. Spirit of St. LouisLouis

Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart Heroes in SportsHeroes in Sports

– Jack DempseyJack Dempsey– Babe RuthBabe Ruth– Gertrude EderleGertrude Ederle– Bobby JonesBobby Jones– Johnny WeissmullerJohnny Weissmuller

Mass MediaMass Media

Movies – “Talkies”Movies – “Talkies”– Mary Pickford (America’s Mary Pickford (America’s

sweetheart)sweetheart)– Rudolph ValentinoRudolph Valentino– Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin

NewspapersNewspapers– Hearst/PullitzerHearst/Pullitzer

RadioRadio– Pittsburgh’s KDKAPittsburgh’s KDKA– National Broadcasting National Broadcasting

Company (NBC)Company (NBC)

The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age

From blues and From blues and ragtime (New ragtime (New Orleans)Orleans)– Radio helps to Radio helps to

spreadspread Jazz clubs in Jazz clubs in

HarlemHarlem Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong

Other ArtistsOther Artists PaintingsPaintings

– Georgia O’KeefeGeorgia O’Keefe LiteratureLiterature

– Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

– F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald– John SteinbeckJohn Steinbeck– Earnest HemingwayEarnest Hemingway

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance– African American African American

literary awakeningliterary awakening– Langston HughesLangston Hughes

ProhibitionProhibitionhttp://www.history.com/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibitionhttp://www.history.com/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibition

BootleggingBootlegging– SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies

Organized CrimeOrganized Crime– Came from prohibitionCame from prohibition– Violent groupsViolent groups

Al CaponeAl Capone– Runs Chicago through Runs Chicago through

bootlegging and other bootlegging and other crimescrimes

– J. Edgar Hoover and the J. Edgar Hoover and the FBIFBI

– http://www.history.com/http://www.history.com/shows/gangland/videos/shows/gangland/videos/gangster-al-capone-gangster-al-capone-exploits-prohibitionexploits-prohibition

Issues of ReligionIssues of Religion

FundamentalismFundamentalism– Argued that Argued that

Christian ideas were Christian ideas were flawless and the flawless and the Bible had no errorsBible had no errors

Evolution and the Evolution and the Scopes TrialScopes Trial– John T. Scopes, John T. Scopes,

Tennessee teacherTennessee teacher– Scopes “Monkey” Scopes “Monkey”

TrialTrial

Racial TensionRacial Tension

Violence against Violence against African AmericansAfrican Americans– ““Red Summer”Red Summer”

Revival of the KlanRevival of the Klan Fighting Fighting

DiscriminationDiscrimination– NAACPNAACP

The Garvey The Garvey MovementMovement– ““Mother Africa”Mother Africa”