the road to massive mimo & mmwave mobile...
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The Road to Massive MIMO & mmWaveMobile Communications SystemsA Platform-Based Approach
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Evolution of Instrumentation
1920
Vacuum Tubes
1965
Transistors(Integrated Circuits)
2010
Software
General Radio Hewlett Packard National Instruments
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ITU-R Vision for IMT-2020 and Applications
Enhanced Mobile Broadband Streaming 4K VideoAugmented Reality 3D Gaming
Ultra Reliable, Low Latency Machine Type CommunicationsAutonomous DrivingMission Critical Applications
Massive Machine Type Communications Smart City Smart Factory
Source – Image Courtesy of ITU
> 10 Gbpspeak rates
> 100K connections
per cell < 1 mslatency
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Approaching The Pivotal Moment
Source: www.gsmhistory.com/who_created-gsm
Technical ideas from a huge number of sources
Implementation by a large number of suppliers & operators
1987
1982-85
1988-91
Birth of GSM The Pivotal Year
GSM
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Approaching The Pivotal Moment
We are here
Source: www.gsmhistory.com/who_created-gsm
5G
Broad Based Adoption
Pivotal Moment of Convergence
Billions of Devices
Multiple Ideas
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Prototyping Is Critical for Algorithm Research
“Experience shows that the real world often breaks some of the assumptions made in theoretical research, so testbeds are an important tool for evaluation under very realistic operating conditions”
“…development of a testbed that is able to test radical ideas in a complete, working system is crucial”
1NSF Workshop on Future Wireless Communication Research
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Why Prototype?
• To ideate and problem-solve. Build to think.
• To communicate. If a picture is worth a thousand words, a prototype is worth a thousand pictures.
• To start a conversation. To begin answering hardest questions ”What is possible?” with defendable answers and move quickly to “Why?”.
• To fail quickly and cheaply. Committing as few resources as possible to each idea means less time and money invested up front.
• To test possibilities. Iterating quickly allows you to pursue many different ideas without committing to a direction too early on.
• To manage the solution-building process. Identifying a variable also encourages you to break a large problem down into smaller, testable chunks.
Derived from: An Introduction to Design Thinking, Stanford Design School
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Elements of a Wireless System
1 to N Radio Front Ends
CPU
GPU
FPGA
Multi-Processor Architecture
Tx Rx
Tx Rx
Tx Rx
Tx Rx
Network Infrastructure
Storage
Data Bus
Data Bus
Software IP & ProcessingRF Hardware Network & Backhaul
EdgeComputationFPGA
Data Movement & Synchronization
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Software Development Challenge
• SDR development requires multiple, disparate software tools • Software tools don’t address system design
Tools
• Math (.m files)• Simulation (Hybrid)• User Interface (HTML)• FPGA (VHDL, Verilog)
• Host Control (C, C++, .NET)• DSP (Fixed Point C, Assembly)• H/W Driver (C, Assembly)• System Debug
• Long learning curves• Limited reuse• Need for “specialists”
• Increased costs• Increased time-to-result
Targets
FPGAsMulticore
Processors
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Platform-Based Design for Communications Systems
A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, UC Berkeley. Defining Platform Based Design. EEDesign, Feb 2002
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A Platform Revolutionizes Your Approach to Solutions
Level Wrist WatchComputers Televis ionMusic Player Smart Phones E-Readers
Desktop and Laptops iPad iPhone iPod
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5G Vectors in Need of Prototyping
Utilize potential of extremely wide bandwidths at frequency ranges once
thought impractical for commercial wireless.
Consistent connectivity meeting the 1000x
traffic demand for 5G
Dramatically increased number of antenna
elements on base station.
Improve bandwidth utilization through
evolving PHY Level and flexible numerology
Multi Radio AccessTechnologies (RAT)
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks mmWave
• Densification• SDN
• NFV• CRAN
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks Multi-RAT mmWave
Unified Design Software
Hardware Implementations
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Common tools for rapid iteration of real-time prototypes
Technology Development Lifecycle
Design and Simulation
Algorithm Prototyping
Standards Development
FieldTrials
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Common tools for rapid iteration of real-time prototypes
Technology Development Lifecycle
Design and Simulation
Algorithm Prototyping
Standards Development
FieldTrials
Unified Software + Hardware Platform
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
ReconfigurableInstruments
High Performance IO
USRP RIOSDR
mmWaveTransceiver
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks
Multi-RAT mmWave
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LabVIEW Communications Prototyping PlatformEnhancements Specifically Targeted for Improved Communication System Design
Hardware Software
Algorithm Design Languages Application Frameworks
Modular, Real-Time IP
FPGA Design Exploration
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Synchronous Dataflow For Intuitive DSP Development
FPGA
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
ReconfigurableInstruments
High Performance IO
USRP RIOSDR
mmWaveTransceiver
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks
Multi-RAT mmWave
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World’s first real-time with 100 antennas
NI and Lund University Collaborate on Massive MIMO
Initial results: Received signal constellations –LOS and four users 2 m separation
Vieira, Joao, et al. "A flexible 100-antenna testbed for Massive MIMO." IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Workshops), 2014. IEEE, 2014.
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NI and Samsung Demonstrate FD-MIMO With LabVIEW Communications and LTE App FrameworkBase-station with 32 antenna elements
“Samsung Demonstrates FD-MIMO In Real Time For The First Time In The World…It Accelerates Its Leadership Over Competition For 5G Standard”
english.etnews.com
NIWeek 2015
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Massive MIMO
Samsung
Full Duplex MIMO, LTE UE Emulation
Southeast University
128-antenna massive
MIMO system
Intel
CRAN-Massive MIMO
Lund University
100-antenna massive
MIMO system
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Bristol University Achieves 1.5 Gbps in 20 MHz
• 3.5GHz, 128 antenna system• 10 UEs• > 1.5 Gbps in 20 MHz spectrum• MMSE, precoding in FPGA• Pilot optimization• LabVIEW, NI USRP RIOs
Prof Mark Beach Paul Harris
145 b/S/Hz Spectral Efficiency
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Top 10 Open Research Items• High Mobility Applications• Distributed Massive MIMO• Antenna Patterns• Hybrid Beamforming• Energy Efficiency• Improvements in CSI Feedback• MAC Layer Control• Network MIMO• FDD Massive MIMO• Spectrum Sharing
The Road to Massive MIMO in 5G
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Lund UniversityThursday, September 1Tested up to 50 km / Hr
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
ReconfigurableInstruments
High Performance IO
USRP RIOSDR
mmWaveTransceiver
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks
Multi-RAT mmWave
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100 Year History of mmWave (30 GHz – 300 GHz)
http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-history/first-ieee-milestones-in-indiahttps://www.cv.nrao.edu/~demerson/bose/bose.html
J.C. Bose at the Royal Institution, London, 1897
Modern point-to-point mmWave link
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NYU Wireless and NI Collaborate on mmWave Channel Sounding
Research Goal◼ Channel sounding at 28, 38, and 72 GHz◼ Dense urban environments (New York City)◼ Prove viability of mmWave for mobile
wireless communications
Advances in mmWave Consideration Results◼ NYU published first results in June 2013◼ 3GPP calls for further investigation in 2015◼ FCC proposes new rules for mmWave in 2015
Prof. Ted Rappaport
Y. Azar, G. N. Wong, K. Wang, Y. Azar, G. N. Wong, K. Wang, R. Mayzus, J. K. Schulz, H. Zhao, F. Gutierrez, D. Hwang, andT. S. Rappaport, “28 GHz propagation measurements for outdoor cellular communications using steerable beam antennas in New York City,” in Communications (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 5143–5147, June 2013
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FCC Embraces mmWave
37 to 38.6
Upper microwave flexible use
Unlicensed
27.5 - 28.3537 - 38.6
38.6 - 40 64 - 71
Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM)
71 -76 81 -86
24.25 – 24.45
24.75 – 25.25
31.8 – 33.4
42 - 42.547.2 – 50.2
50.4 – 52.6
37 to 38.6
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Nokia Timeline With NI Platform
Brooklyn 5G Summit 2014
NIWeek 2015 MWC 2016
73 GHz 73 GHz 73 GHz
1 GHz 2 GHz 2 GHz
1x1 2x2 2x2
16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM
2.3 Gbps >10 Gbps >14.5 Gbps
FrequencyBandwidthStreamsModulationPeak rate
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New platform designed by NI to meet Nokia’s 5G specification
mmWave PoC System @ 2GHz BW supporting 10 Gbps Peak rate
Parameters Value
Operating Frequency 73.5 GHz
Configuration 2 x 2 MIMOantenna polarization
Bandwidth 2 GHz
Peak Rate ~10 Gbps
ModulationNull Cyclic-Prefix Single CarrierR=0.9, 16 QAM
Antenna Horn Antenna
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Prof. Ted Rappaport
mmWave Prototypes and Channel Sounding
NYU Wireless
mmWave
Channel Sounding
NTT Docomo
73 GHz
BW = 1 GHz
NokiaMultiple
Prototypes
AT&T
Channel Sounding
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
ReconfigurableInstruments
High Performance IO
USRP RIOSDR
mmWaveTransceiver
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks
Multi-RAT mmWave
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4.5G: LTE-Advanced Pro
More Spatial Streams
LTE Advanced Pro allows up to 16 downlink spatial streams – and eNB’s can beamform in 3D.
…
Carrier Aggregation Full-Dimensional MIMO License Assisted Access
More Component Carriers
LTE Advanced Pro allows up to 32 component carriers –and allows transmission from multiple eNBs.
New Spectrum
LTE Advanced Pro coordinated with WiFinetworks to unlock the 5 GHz spectrum for cellular usage.
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LTE Application FrameworkSystem Block Diagram
FPGAHost RF Hardware
RF Up-conv.DACRF Impairments
CorrectionLTE OFDM Modulation
LTE Channel Encoder
Tx UDP Socket
RF Down-conv.
ADCRF
Impairments Correction
Time/Freq. Synchroni-
zation
LTE OFDM De-modulation
LTE Channel Decoder
Rx UDP Socket
GFDMModulation
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Multi-RAT / Enhanced PHY
TU Erlangen
LTE EMBMS
NTT Docomo
NOMA
LG, YonseiUniversity
Full Duplex Radio
TU Dresden
GFDM
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3GPP Converging on the 5G New Radio• 5G New Radio is taking shape in 3GPP
• OFDM-based Unified Flexible RAT (4 - 40 GHz)
• Verizon 5G mmWave spec released• Pre-standard for mmWave in 5G at 28 GHz for Fixed Wireless
Source: Nokia
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
ReconfigurableInstruments
High Performance IO
USRP RIOSDR
mmWaveTransceiver
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks
Multi-RAT mmWave
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control plane
user plane
UE
MAC
RLC
PDCP
IP
APP
eNB
MAC
RLC
PDCP GTP
UDP
IP
GTP
UDP
IP
IP
SGW /PGW
PHY Emu PHY Emu
eNB & UE MAC + EPC: NI Extensions to NS-3
SGW PGWMME
Internet Service
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UE
MAC
RLC
PDCP
IP
APP
eNB
MAC
RLC
PDCP GTP
UDP
IP
GTP
UDP
IP
IP
SGW /PGW
PHY Emu PHY Emu
NI extension to NS-31. Remove PHY emulation
2.Separate eNB and UE
3.Incorporate real PHY
eNB & UE MAC + EPC: NI Extensions to NS-3
UE
PHY
L1-L2 API
DA/AD+RF
L1-L2 API L1-L2 API
eNB
PHY
L1-L2 API
DA/AD+RF
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Application Framework, Starting Point for Rapid PrototypingAdvanced FPGA IP for Real-Time, Over-The-Air, Wireless Systems
LTE
Key Features• 20 MHz Real-Time
Bandwidth• TDD/FDD Uplink &
Downlink Modes• Multi-UE & Multi-eNB
Support
Applications• LTE & Wi-Fi
Coexistence• Cellular Network Layer
Research• New Waveform
Research
802.11
Key Features• 20/40 MHz Real-Time
Bandwidth• Fully Bidirectional
Communication• Real-Time Channel
Coding
Applications• LTE & Wi-Fi
Coexistence• MAC Layer Research• 802.11ax Multi-User
Prototyping
MIMO
Key Features• 20 MHz Real-Time
Bandwidth• Supports up to 128
eNB Antennas and 12 Single Antenna UE’s
• TDD Uplink & Downlink Modes Based Upon LTE
Applications• Massive MIMO• Multi-User MIMO
Research
mmWave
Key Features• 2 GHz Real-Time
Bandwidth• Supports 2x2 MIMO• Fully Bidirectional TDD
Uplink & Downlink Modes
Applications• Enhance Mobile
Broadband Research• Ultra-Dense Cellular
Research• Cellular Backhaul
* Lead User Availability ** New – H2 2016 *
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Platform-Based Design for 5G
ReconfigurableInstruments
High Performance IO
USRP RIOSDR
mmWaveTransceiver
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks
Multi-RAT mmWave
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