the rise of the franks. i. invasions of western europe fall of roman emp.=middle ages (500-1500) new...
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The Rise of the Franks
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I. Invasions of Western Europe
• Fall of Roman Emp.=Middle Ages (500-1500)• New society emerged that had roots in:
– 1. classical heritage of Rome– 2. beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church– 3. customs of various Germanic tribes
• 5th cent. --results of Germanic invasions – 1. disruption of trade– 2. downfall of cities– 3. population shifts
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A. Decline of Learning
• Germanic tribes = illiterate
• Result?
• Germanic tribes had oral tradition, but no written language
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B. Loss of a Common Language
• Latin changed – Different dialects developed – By 800s: French, Spanish, & others evolved
from Latin
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II. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
• 400-600: Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces
• the Church survived – Provided order & security
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A. Governmental Concepts Change
• Govt. changed• Roman society = govt. & written law• Germanic society = family ties & personal loyalty
– Lived in small comms. governed by unwritten rules & traditions
• Germanic chiefs led bands of loyal warriors– Warriors not obligated to obey unfamiliar king
• Stress on personal ties = impossible to establish orderly govt. for large territories
• Franks = Germanic tribe that played the greatest role
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B. Clovis & the Merovingians
• 481: Clovis became king of
a Frankish tribe
--traced ancestry back to
Merovech
--conquered other Franks
--seized Gaul
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• Married a Christian
• Became supporter of Christianity – Gained support from Church
• 511: united Franks into one kingdom
• Kingdom divided among sons– Weak rulers– Pepin II (687-714)—united &
ruled the Frankish kingdom
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C. Charles Martel & Pepin the Short
• Charles Martel (Pepin’s son)– Succeed as mayor of palace– Defeated Moors near Tours– 741: died—left kingdom to Pepin III & Carloman
• Pepin the Short became sole ruler
• 751: pope crowned Pepin “King by the grace of God”– This est. the Carolingian Dynasty (r. 751-987)
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• Pope asked for Pepin’s help against Lombards
• Gave territory around Rome to the Pope– “Donation of Pepin” (Papal States)
• Formed alliance betw. Church
& Franks
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III. Germans Adopt Christianity
• Politics helped spread Christianity – Franks converted many Germanic tribes
• Missionaries also spread the word of God
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A. Monasteries, Convents, Manuscripts
• Monasteries: religious communities – Monks
• Convents– Nuns
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• Benedict (Italian monk)– Wrote book describing rules of monasteries – Scholastica (twin sister)—adapted rules for
convent
• Monks & nuns devoted lives to prayer & good deeds
• Monasteries = best educated comms. – Monks opened schools
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• 731: the Venerable Bede (English monk)– Wrote history of England– Ecclesiastical History of the English People
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IV. Charlemagne’s Empire
• Pepin’s son (r. 768-814)
• Little education, but deeply religious
• Conquered many lands
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• Goal: restore power & glory of the Old Roman Emp. – Renovatio imperi romani
• 800: larger than Byz. Emp.
• Most powerful king in W. Euro.
• 800: Char. crowned emperor by Pope Leo III– Signified that Char. was the successor to the
emperors of Rome
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A. Govt.
• Char’s. empire = several hundred regions/counties – Ruled by a count
• Overseen by the Lord’s Messengers• Raised own army & administered laws
– Capital city = Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen, Germany)
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B. Education & Learning
• Char. Promoted education – Founded a school in his palace
• Learned scholars (monks) taught
– Produced the Carolingian Bible – Bishops created libraries & organized schools
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C. Decline of the Frankish Emp.
• Char’s. empire crumbled under Louis the Pious
• 840: Louis died—Emp. divided among 3 sons – Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis of Germany
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• Char’s. descendents fought among themselves
• 870: middle kingdom broke up (divided by eastern & western
• Carolingian kings lost power
• Lack of strong rule led to feudalism