Topics

• Week 13

–Review: Americas

–Writing Assignment #3

–Mongols • Writing Assignment #4 next week

• How is the Mongol civilization similar and different from other cultures?

• How did the conquest of most of the Eurasian continent facilitate cultural exchange?

–Paper Due (May 9) See website

1

1507 Map = Amerigo Vespucci

2

Columbus’ Voyages

3

The Columbian Exchange "Columbian exchange" movement of plants, food,

crops, diseases and people

4

• Origins

Theories concerning peopling of the Americas

• Crossing of land bridge (Bering Strait)

• Australian Origin

• Native beliefs

Mesoamerica • The term Mesoamerica – literally, “middle America“

in Greek

• The term was coined by Paul Kirchhoff, UCLA.

• Olmecs first complex culture

Similarities in Mesoamerica

• Mesoamerica means Middle America

• Sedentary cultures

• Cultivation of maize

• 260 day ritual calendar

• A number system base on the number 20

• writing system

• Forms of sacrifice

Olmecs Pre-Classic 1500 B.C.E to 200 C.E.

• Olmecs spoke possibly a “Mayan” tongue

• Ceremonial Centers: San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes

• Worship: Jaguar revered as the supreme god

• Political organization: authoritarian

• Olmec Legacy: ball game, calendar, practice of human sacrifice, and hieroglyphic writing system.

San Lorenzo: Olmec Heads

Olmec exhibit at LACMA 2010

Olmec Cascajal Slab 1990s 62 characters, 1000 B.C.E (San Andres)

La Venta

Tres Zapotes

Were-Jaguars

Oxtotitlan Cave, Guerrero

http://www.famsi.org/spanish/research/grove/section06.htm

Cipactli (feathered serpent)

Secrets of the Ancients The Olmecs BBC

12mins

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UU82oGdU7fY

Molcajete y tejolote

Metate y mano (mortar & pestle)

4000 B.C.E.

Mayan City-State =Cah • Society

• Calendar System

Dresden Codex Nahuatl: Quetzalcoatl

Mayan: Kulkulcan

•information on rainy seasons, floods, illness and medicine.

2006 Apocalypto

• Apocalypto Sacrifice Scene • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG8WqEyXIyc

Tlactli Ball game

Article

Discussion Questions

• Pgs237-238 in Sources of World Societies

• When was it written? Who is the author?

• What do we know about the author? Possible bias?

• What is the religious significance of the ball game?

• How are the winners of the ball game rewarded?

26

Classic Maya collapse theories Engineering an Empire - The Maya – pt1

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GavXBTWZP2g&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48A C752F6B61D&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=30

•Pt2

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO92JYfVBEw&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48AC7 52F6B61D&index=31

•Pt3

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmWS9XxcLlc&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48AC7 52F6B61D&index=32

•Pt4

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGvfJCM0Q1o&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48AC7 52F6B61D&index=33

Sun Pyramid in Teotihuacán

Built over several centuries, this pyramid remained the largest structure in

the Americas until after the Spanish arrived.

Sun Pyramid in Teotihuacán

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 29

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Quetzalcoatl in Teotihuacan The deity Quetzalcoatl represented in Teotihuacan

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Duality:

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Zapotecs

• Monte Alban (500 B.C.E)

–1200 B.C.E. Poverty Point emerges on the Mississippi River, LA

–Cahokia –1200 C.E., largest city until Philly 1800

35

The Aztec Migration from Aztlan 1111?

The Boturini Codex was painted by an unknown Aztec author some time between 1530 and 1541.

38

Huitzilopochtli

39

40

41

Codice Durano/Dresde

Founding of T enochtitlan 1325

42

43

Aztecs Tenochtitlan 1325 capital

• Aztec Empire 1428-1521 – Triple Alliance: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan

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The Aztec Stone of the Five Eras

• Unearthed 1790

• Solar deity Tonatiuh

45

46

Tribute List from Codex Mendoza

47

• Altepetl: ethnic-city state, society • Social Structure

– Huey Tlatoani – Macehualli (commoners) – Tlacotli (slaves) – Oztomeca (spies)

48

49

The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán

50

These city-states ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico

51

Aztec Punishments

52

53

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New Fire Ceremony

55

V. The Incas

A. Earlier Peruvian Cultures

B. Inca Imperialism and Its Religious Basis

C. The Clan-Based Structure of Inca Society

Topics

• Week 13

Americas

–Writing Assignment #3 Thursday

–Define the term Mesoamerica and describe its characteristics. How are cultures in the Americas similar and different from the cultures in the eastern hemisphere?

59

–Mongols • How is the Mongol civilization similar and different from other

cultures?

• How did the conquest of most of the Eurasian continent facilitate cultural exchange?

60

61

I. Central Asian Nomads

A. Nomadic Society

1. Conflicts

B. The Turks

C. The Mongols

D. Mongol Daily Life

II. Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire

A. The Chinggis Khan

1. Temujin

2. Great Ruler

B. Chinggis’s Successors

1. Ögödei

2. Khubilai Khan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0ZfstdXsAU

64

III. East-West Communication During the Mongol Era

A. The Movement of Peoples

B. The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas