the rise of islam (world history)
DESCRIPTION
An introduction to Islam for World History students, with emphasis on the beginnings, basic teachings, conquests, and the Islamic Golden AgeTRANSCRIPT
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPart I
Part II
Expansion of Islam
Introduction to Islam
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Introduction to Islam
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TERMS LIST (A)1. Bazaar2. Bedouins3. Allah4. Muhammad5. Mecca6. Kaaba7. Black Stone8. Medina9. Hijrah
10.Islam11.Muslims12.Qur’an13.Mosques14.Five Pillars
a) Profession of Faithb) Prayerc) Mosque Taxd) Ramadane) Hajj
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CITIES:ConstantinopleJerusalemMeccaMedina
REGIONS:AnatoliaArabian PeninsulaCyprusEgyptIranMesopotamia
WATERS:Mediterranean SeaPersian GulfRed Sea
Euphrates RiverNile RiverTigris River
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IslamThe term Islam means “to submit”
Religion Islam “To Submit”
Follower Muslim “One Who Submits”
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Indian Ocean Trade
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Bazaar
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Hejaz
• Region of Islam’s holy places
• Trade Routes
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Bedouin
• The term “Bedu” means inhabitant of the desert
• It refers to an Arab nomadic pastoralist. • Tribal Loyalty / Kin Relationships:– "I and my brothers against my cousins, I and my
brothers and my cousins against the world.“– Bedouin Proverb
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Muhammad
• b. 570 A.D. in Mecca– Trading and religious
center– Kaaba
• Led trade caravans through the Hejaz
• Exposed to diverse people and ideas
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Islam• Allah (God)• Muslim– One who submits
• Hijrah– 622 A.D.– Flight: Mecca Medina
• Qur’an [Recitations]– Dictated to Muhammad
by Gabriel
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Five Pillars of Islam
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1st Pillar: Profession of Faith (Shahada)
• TWOFOLD:– God (Allah) is One– Muhammad is the final prophet
For Muslims, the Qur’an is the ultimate proof of this declaration.
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2nd Pillar: Praying (Salat)
• Salat is the ritual of prayer
• Muslims pray five times a day (dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, evening) in the direction of Mecca.
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Salat
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The Umayyad Mosque
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Great Mosque of X’ian
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Masjid Nabawi (The Prophet’s Mosque)
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3rd Pillar: Zakat (Charity)
• Piety and charity are important aspects of Islam. All Muslims are required to be charitable to those who are less fortunate then themselves.
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4th Pillar: Ramadan (Fasting)
• Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic Lunar Calendar.
• During this month, Muslims will refrain from all food, drink, tobacco, etc., during daylight hours
• Pregnant women, the elderly, and young children do not have to fast.
Ramadan DatesEaster Dates
Interesting Article:http://www.islamfortoday.com/ramadan09.htm
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5th Pillar: The Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
• Muslims are required to travel to Mecca at least once during their life time. The Pilgrimage is done during the 12th Lunar Month (Dhul Hijjah).
• At Mecca, they will perform a variety of rituals involving the Kaaba and the Black Stone.
• The Pilgrimage was performed by Muhammad at the end of his life.
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The Black StoneClose-up
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The Expansion of Islamand the limits thereof
SC Standard GS-2Indicator(s): 2.1, 2.2
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TERMS LIST (B)1. Jihad2. “People of the
Book”3. Moors4. Extent of Islamic
Conquests5. Franks6. Clovis7. Merovingian Dynasty
8. Charles Martel
9. Battle of Tours10. Siege of Constantinople
11.Theodosian Walls12.Greek Fire13.Islamic Golden Age
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Jihad and Conquest
• Jihad– “Strive in the way of Allah”– Could describe spiritual or military
struggle• Conquest and Conversion– “People of the Book” not forced
to convert– Conquests stretched from Spain in
the West to Persia in the East– Moors – Muslim conquerors of
Spain
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Source: http://www.wall-maps.com/Classroom/HISTORY/World/Universal/World-history-universal.htm
Tours (732)
Sieges of Constantinople
(674-678, 717-718)
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The Franks
Clovis (466-511)First King of the Franks
Battlefield Conversion to Christianity
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Charles “The Hammer” Martel
• Mayor of the Palace• 732 - Battle of Tours– Muslim expansion halted
Steuben, Bataille de Poitiers, 1837
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Steuben, Bataille de Poitiers [Tours], 1837
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WALLS
NAVY
Byzantine-Arab Wars“All roads lead to Rûm”
-- Arab Saying
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Theodosian Wall (Constantinople)
More: http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Medieval/war/WallsOfConstantinople.html
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“Greek Fire”
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Credit: http://espliego.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/islam-map1ref1.jpg
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Islamic Golden Age(c. 700-1200 A.D.)
• Literature:– Arabian Nights (10th c.)
• Medicine:– Postmortem Autopsies on
Humans• Forbidden by Romans
– Experimental Surgery– Germ Theory
• Disproved Humorism
• Chemistry– Distilled Liquors– Perfume
An Arabic manuscript describing the eye, dating back to the 12th century