the rim-pamela international experiment opens the window ...8-9 february 2010 31st icrc, Łódź,...

The RIMThe RIM--PAMELA PAMELA international experiment international experiment

opens the window into the opens the window into the world of veryworld of very--high energy high energy physics and dark matterphysics and dark matter

A.M. Galper A.M. Galper MEPhI, MoscowMEPhI, Moscow

COPUOS Vienne, February 2010COPUOS Vienne, February 2010

Bari Florence Frascati

Italy:TriesteNaples Rome CNR, Florence

St. Petersburg

Russia:

Germany:Siegen

Sweden:KTH, Stockholm

PAMELA collaborationPAMELA collaboration

Moscow

Moscow

2288--9 February 20109 February 2010

•• Search for antimatterSearch for antimatter•• Study of origin of dark matterStudy of origin of dark matter•• Study of cosmicStudy of cosmic--ray generation and propagationray generation and propagation•• Study solar physics and solar modulationStudy solar physics and solar modulation•• Study terrestrial magnetosphereStudy terrestrial magnetosphere•• Study of electron spectrum (local sources?)Study of electron spectrum (local sources?)

33

PAMELA sciencePAMELA science


1

2 3

4 5 6

7 8

9

10

11

1, 3, 7- TIME OF FLIGHT SYSTEM;2, 4- ANTICOINCIDENCE SYSTEM;5- SILICON STRIP TRACKER (SIX DOUBLE PLATES);6- MAGNET (FIVE SECTIONS); 8- SILICON STRIP IMAGING CALORIMETER;9- SHOWER TAIL CATCHER SCINTILLATOR; 10- NEUTRON DETECTOR; 11- HERMOCONTAINER.

Measurements:• time of flight (β);• deflection in the

magnetic field;• energy losses in

all detectors;• number of

neutrons.

Estimations:• type of particle

(lepton/hadron);• sign and value of

charge (±Z);• mass of particle

(A);• rigidity and energy

(R and E);• direction of flight;

Physical Scheme Of Magnetic Spectrometer Pamela


ANTIMATTERCollision of High EnergyCosmic Rays with the Interstellar Gas

Annihilation ofExotic Particles

Evaporation ofPrimordial BlackHoles

Pulsar’s magnetospheres

Antimatter LumpsIn the Milky Way

p

pp

p

e+

e+e+

e+

e+

e+

e -

e -

He

Cosmic Rays LeakingOut of Antimatter Galaxies


very light(m ≤ eV)

axion

very heavy(m ≥ 100 GeV)

WIMP

Candidates(dark

matter)

Model of Super Symmetry

The lightest stable particle (LSP) –neutralino (χ)

Model of Extra Dimensions

The lightest stable particle (LKP) – Kaluza-

Klein particle (B1)

Study of origin of dark matter


Study of origin of dark matter

B1 + B1 → e+ + e –, γ +γ ,....

......,...,...,...,,,,,,, 000

++++→

→→+±

−+−+

ddppeHHWWZZZttbb

γ

γττχχ

Status of Direct Searches

Detect WIMP interactions with matter is via their elasticscattering off a detector nucleus.

Status of Indirect Searches

Detect WIMP annihilation process:


Antihelium/helium ratio


Flight data: 0.763 GeV/c antiproton annihilation


Antiproton to proton ratioAntiproton to proton ratio

Study of origin of dark matterStudy of origin of dark matter


O. Adriani et al. (PAMELA Collaboration)Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 051101 (2009)

MDR cut included



Flight data: 93 GeVPositron

The sample of eventThe sample of event


Secondary productionMoskalenko‐Strong(1998)

O.Adriani et al. //

Nature 2009, V.458, P.607


positron to electron ratiopositron to electron ratio


Positron to all electron ratio



Galactic secondary positron flux at the Earth T. Delahaye, F. Donato, N. Fornengo, J. Lavalle, R. Lineros, P. Salati, R. Taillet.



88--9 February 20109 February 2010 1616


31st ICRC, Łódź, July 7‐15, 2009 171788--9 February 20109 February 2010



Ilia Gogoladze, arXiv:0901.0923v3181888--9 February 20109 February 2010


Jeremy Mardon

arXiv:0905.3749v2

Mass ~ 1 TeVLifetime ~ 1026


1. PAMELA has found an increase of galactic positron/electron flux ratio for energies from 10 GeV up to 100 GeV that contradicts models of secondary electron and positron generation. Meanwhile measured antiproton/proton ratio is in agreement with these models.

This fact can be explain by:- correction of the generation and diffusion model of particle propagation in the interstellar space;- generation of electron-positron pairs in the supernova and pulsars;- annihilation and/or decay of hypothetic particles, which can consist dark matter, on the electron-positron pairs.The last case can be the most important because it would be the first positive indirect observation of the DM particles existing.

2. Detailed measurements of electron, positron, proton and light nuclei spectra permit to plot the high-energy model of radiation in the near-Earth space including the radiation belts (PAMELA- model).This results has large practical application.


The main results:

TOP TEN PHYSICS STORIES OF THE TOP TEN PHYSICS STORIES OF THE YEARYEAR 20082008

•• SUPERCONDUCTORS• LARGE HADRON COLLIDER• PLANETS• QUARKS• FARTHEST SEEABLE THING• ULTRACOLD MOLECULES• DIAMOND DETECTORS

• COSMIC RAYSAnother mystery pertains to the findings of two detectors held aloft-one by a balloon and one on a satellite-looking for oddities in the number of antiparticles arriving with regular particles among cosmic rays reaching Earth. They see an excess of such particles which some interpret as evidence for “dark matter,” a class of very-weakly-interacting particles not seen before. Scientists associated with the balloon-borne ATIC detector (Nature, 20 Nov) and the satellite PAMELA (http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.4995)

• LIGHT PASSES THROUGH OPAQUE MATTER• MACROSCOPIC FEEDBACK COOLING

INSIDE SCIENCE RESEARCH --- PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE The American Institute of Physics Bulleting of Research News Number 879 #1, December 22, 2008 www.aip.org/pnu by Phil Schewe


Conclusion

Till 1st February 2010 PAMELA is functioning ~1200 days, 19.7 Tb of information was received, ~109 of events were registered

In the last 24 hours 5 downlinks were done,16.0 Gb of information was transmitted

PAMELA is functioning normally and the fly is continuing.


NAVIGATOR SATELLITE

GAMMA-400

Apogee hight 300 000 km;Perigee hight 500 km;Inclination 51,8˚;Orbit duration 7 days.

the rim-pamela international experiment opens the window ...8-9 february 2010 31st icrc, Łódź,...

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