the right to indifference: abstraction in the work of gego and jesus soto. illustrations
TRANSCRIPT
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Fig. 1 Gego with her sister Elisabeth, Hamburg, c.1920. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.
Fig. 2 Postcard Weissenhofsiedlung, Araberdorf, Stuttgart, 1940. Mies van der Rohe Archive,
Museum of Modern Art, New York.
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Fig. 3 Ciudad Bolívar, c.1930. Photograph Espinoza y Rebolledo, Collection Marlene Wulff de
Aguirre.
Fig. 4 Alejandro Otero, Lineas inclinadas, 1951. Oil on canvas. 80,7 x 65 cm. Collection The Estate
of Alejandro Otero, Caracas.
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Fig. 5 Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Museo de Ciencias, Caracas, c.1938. Photograph Luis Felipe Toro,
Collection Alberto Vollmer.
Fig. 6 Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1953. Photograph Paolo
Gasparini.
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Fig. 7 Carlos Gonzáles Bogen, staircase mural, Universidad central, c.1953. My photograph.
Fig. 8 Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Urbanicación 23 de Enero, Caracas, c.1957. Photograph Paolo
Gasparini.
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Fig. 9 Gego, Partiendo de un rombo, 1958. Welded iron, painted, 56,8 x 44,5 x 32,7 cm. Collection
Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas.
Fig. 10 Gego, Vibración en negro, 1957. Painted Aluminium, 75 x 60 x 43 cm. Collection
Fundación Gego, Caracas.
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Fig. 11 Gego, Escultura, Banco Industrial de Venezuela, 1962. Aluminium and iron, height 10 m.
Collection Banco Industrial de Venezuela Caracas.
Fig. 12 Gego, Cuerdas, Centro Simón Bolívar, 1972. Nylon and iron, 18 x 17,5 x 22 m. Collection
Centro Simón Bolívar Parque Central, Caracas.
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Fig. 13 Gego, Sin título, 1958. Ink and tempera on paper, 36,6 x 29 cm. Collection Fundación Gego,
Caracas.
Fig. 14 Gego, Cinta, 1962. Welded iron, painted, 164 x 161 x 113 cm. Collection Galería de Arte
Nacional ̧Caracas.
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Fig. 15 Gego, Untitled, c.1956. Tempera on wood, approximately 20 x 25 cm. Collection of Hans
Meyer, Kent, England.
Fig. 16 Gego, Doce círculos concéntricos (Girando Moebius), 1957. Painted Aluminium, 36 x 29 x
24 cm. Collection of Tomás and Cecilia Gunz, Caracas.
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Fig. 17 Gego, Mural INCE, 1969. Aluminium, enamelled steel, back wall with crystal mosaic.
Approximate dimensions 6 x 20 m. Collection Instituto Nacional de Cooperación Educativa,
Caracas.
Fig. 18 Paul Citroen, Mazdasnan-Kuren, 1922. Graphite on drawing, 21,5 x 19,3 cm. Bauhaus-
Archiv, Berlin.
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Fig. 19 Gego, Ocho cuadrados, 1961. Painted welded iron. 170 x 64 x 40 cm. Collection of Jimmy
Belilty.
Fig. 20 Gego, Sin título, 1959. Ink on paper, 27,9 x 21,5 cm. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.
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Fig. 21 Gego, Espiral sin fin, 1958. Painted stainless steel. 30 x 25 x 25,5 cm. Collection Museo de
Arte Contemporáneo Sofía Imber, Caracas.
Fig. 22 Max Bill, Reverse Spiral, 1944-48, Steel wire, 17 x 17 cm. Collection Jakob Bill.
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Fig. 23 Max Bill, Doppelfläche mit sechs rechtwinkligen Ecken, 1948-1979. Stone, 164 x 86 x 140
cm and Alejandro Otero, Title unknown, undated. My photograph.
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Fig. 24 Gego, Esfera en hexaedro, 1964. Welded iron, painted. 63 x 98 x 98 cm. Collection of
Barbara Gunz, Caracas.
Fig. 24a Jesús Soto, Estructura en hierro UCV, 1957. Painted iron structure, approximate
dimensions 170 x 80 x 50 cm. Collection Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas.
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Fig. 25 Gego, Partiendo de un cuadrado, 1958. Aluminium, 90 x 90 x 70 cm. Collection Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas.
Fig. 25a Pedro Briceño Despliegue Interno-Externo del Prisma, 1958. Painted iron, 109,5 x 24,3 x
47 cm. Collection Dianora Morazzini Besson.
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Fig. 26 Gego Cuatro tetraedros, 1966. Painted iron, 57 x 89 x 130 cm. Collection Ignacio and
Valentina Oberto.
Fig. 27 Technical drawing from Keith Critchlow, Order in Space: a design source book, Thames
and Hudson, London, 1969.
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Fig. 28 Installation view of 'Le Mouvement' exhibition, Paris, 1955. Archive Galerie Denise René,
Paris.
Fig. 28 Victor Vasarely, Vega-Lep, 1970. Acrylic on canvas, 150 x 150 cm. Private collection.
Reproduced in Vasarely, Richard C. Morgan, Naples and New York, 2004.
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Fig. 29 Group photograph artists included in the exhibition NUL65, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam,
1965. Archive Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam.
Fig. 31 Reims Shopping Mall, Architect: Claude Parent, 1970. L’oeil, June-July, 1970, p. 36.
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Fig. 32 Jesús Soto, Leño Viejo, 1961. Painted wood, iron wire, metal, 40 x 15 x 24 cm. Private
collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
Fig. 33 Jesús Soto and Narciso Debourg, Paris c.1950. Photograph Archive Jesús Soto, Paris.
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Fig. 34 Jesús Soto, Leño, 1961. Painted wood, iron wire, metal. 75 x 25 x 16 cm. Collection Patricia
Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.
Fig. 35 Jesús Soto, Vibración roja, azul y negra, 1958. Paint on wood and iron wire, 95 x 81 x 25
cm. Collection Museo de Arte Moderno Jesús Soto, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela.
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Fig. 36 Jesús Soto, Sans titre, 1959-60. Wood, wire and oil paint, 1959-60. Painted wood, wire,
metal. 90 x 30 x 34 cm. Collection of Madame Marie-Louise Berthodin.
Fig. 37 Jesús Soto, Soto, Leño Vejo, 1960. Painted wood, iron wire, metal, 75 x 25 x 16 cm.
Collection Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas.
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Fig. 38 Jesús Soto, Sans titre, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 102 x 102 cm. Collection
Alain Gheerbrant.
Fig. 39 Jesús Soto, La scie à metaux, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 100 x 100 cm. Private
collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
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Fig. 40 Jesús Soto, Leno azul y negro, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 137 x 90 x 11 cm.
Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
Fig. 40a Jesús Soto, Leno azul y negro, detail cube, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 137 x
90 x 11 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris,
1997.
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Fig. 41 Jesús Soto and Jean Tinguely, Mural, 1961. Photograph collection Vera Spoerri, Paris.
Fig. 42 ZERO demonstration, Otto Piene, Günter Uecker, Heinz Mack, Rheinwiesen Düsseldorf,
1962. Photograph Zero : internationale Kunstler-Avantgarde der 50er-60er Jahre, exhibition
catalogue, Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf and Musée d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, 2006-2007.
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Fig. 43 Jesús Soto, El ovalo verde y negro, 1969. Saint on Word, metal and nylon, 100 x 100.
Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
Fig. 44 Jesús Soto, Volume virtuel suspendue, Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto, 1977. Soto,
exhibition catalogue, Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.
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Fig. 45 Jesús Soto, Volume virtuel Air France, Roissy, 1989-95. Photograph Béatrice Hatala.
Fig. 46 Jesús Soto, Halle de la Régie Renault Boulogne Billancourt, 1975. Photograph Imago,
Paris/Collection Museo de Arte Moderno Jesús Soto, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela.
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Fig. 47 Jean-Baptiste Giraud, Achilles, 1789. Marble, 55 x 80 cm. Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence.
Fig. 48 Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, The Sleep of Endymion, 1791. Oil on canvas, 197 x 261 cm.
Musée du Louvre, Paris.
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Fig. 49 Gego at the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, 1977. Photograph Fundación Gego, Caracas.
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Fig. 50 Caracas, Parque Central, under construction, c.1975. Photograph reproduced in Soledad
Mendoza, (ed.), Así es Caracas, Ateneo de Caracas, Ediciones Amón, Caracas, 1980. Photographic
credit unavailable.
Fig. 51 Gego, Torrecilla, 1968. Welded iron, height 39 cm. Private collection.
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Fig. 52 Jesús Soto, Estructura en hierro (Pre-penetrable), 1957. Paint on iron structure, 166 x 126,5
x 85,5 cm. Collection Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.
Fig. 53 Cinco pantellas, 1968-71. Aluminium and iron, height: 3,5 m. Collection Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientfícas, Caracas.
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Fig. 54 Gego, Reticulárea ‘75, 1975. Steel, 210 x 260 cm. Collection AT&T, New Jersey.
Fig. 55 John Borrego, Space, Grid, Structures, Skeletal Frameworks and Stresses Skin Systems,
MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1968.
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Fig. 56 Gego Dibujo sin papel, 78.15, 1978. Iron and plastic, 50 x 45 x 8,54 cm. Collection Béatriz
Medina.
Fig. 57 Dibujo sin papel, 87.25, 1987. Steel and copper, 36 x 36,5 x 2 cm. Collection Fundación
Gego, Caracas.
Fig. 58 John Borrego, Space, Grid, Structures, Skeletal Frameworks and Stresses Skin Systems,
MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1968.
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Fig. 59 Gego, Dibujo sin papel 76.4, 1976. Iron, iron and Plexiglass 67,5 x 73 x 19,3 cm. Collection
Helly Tineo.
Fig. 60 Gego, Sin título, 1963. Ink on paper, 35 x 28 cm. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.
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Fig. 61 Caracas, c.1978. Photograph reproduced in Soledad Mendoza, (ed.), Así es Caracas, Ateneo
de Caracas, Ediciones Amón, Caracas, 1980. Photographic credit unavailable.
Fig. 62 Jesús Soto, Volume suspendue, Cubo Negro, Centro Banaven, Caracas, 1979. Collection
Centro Banaven, Caracas.
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Fig. 63 View of Atrium at Centro Simón Bolívar with Gego, Cuerdas, 1972. Nylon and iron, 18 x
17,5 x 22 m. Collection Centro Simón Bolívar Parque Central, Caracas.
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Fig. 64 Gego, Cuadriláteros, 1982-83. Aluminium tubes. Metro station La Hoyoda, Caracas.
Collection C.A. Metro de Carcas.
Fig. 64a Gego, preparatory sketch for Cuadriláteros, 1982. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.
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Fig. 65 Diagram from El arte cinético y sus orígenes, exhibition catalogue, Ateneo, Caracas, 1969.
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Fig. 66 Gego, Chorros, Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, 1971. Steel, various dimensions.
Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas. Photo William Shuttle.
Fig. 66a Gego and Chorros, Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, 1971.
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Fig. 67 Gego, Reticulárea cuadrada no 5, 1973. Steel, 200 x 70 x 70 cm. Collection Museo de Arte
Contemporáneo, Caracas.
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Fig. 68 Gego, Reticulárea ambientación, 1969. Installation view Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas,
Room 8, June-July 1969. Steel, 5,4 x 3,5 x 5 m. Collection Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas.
Fig. 69 Gego, Sin título, 1977. Steel and iron, 45 x 69 x 69 cm. Collection Fundación Gego,
Caracas.
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Fig. 70 Gego, Columna, (Reticulárea cuadrada), 1972. Steel, aluminium, iron and nylon, 340 x 90
x 90 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.
Fig. 71 Gego, Dibujo sin papel 79.9, 1979. Steel and iron, 27,5 x 32 x 17 cm. Private collection.
Reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.
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Fig. 72 Anselm Kiefer, Nürnberg, 1981/82. Oil on canvas, 290 x 390 cm. Reproduced in Zeitgeist:
Internationale Kunstaustellung Berlin 1982, exhibition catalogue, Martin-Gropius Bau, Berlin,
Frölich & Kaufmann, Berlin, 1982.
Fig. 73 Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. Photograph reproduced in the prospectus for the
concert season 2005-2006.
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Fig. 74 Christian Megert Spiegelplastik, undated. No details provided. Photograph reproduced in
Spielraum-Raumspiele, exhibition catalogue, Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 1982.
Fig. 75 Günter Uecker, Nailed and Fragmented Alte Oper, 1982. Undated, dimensions unknown.
Photo-collages reproduced in Spielraum-Raumspiele, exhibition catalogue, Alte Oper, Frankfurt am
Main, 1982.
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Fig. 76 Günter Uecker, Nailed Nail, 1962. Metal, 200 x 40 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in
Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York, 1989.
Fig. 77 Günter Uecker and Hans Richter, Occupation of the Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, 1968.
Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York, 1989.pi
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Fig. 78 Uecker Sand Spirale, 1965. Sand, lead, twine, electric motor with steel arm, diameter 150
cm. Collection of the artist. Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
Publishers, New York, 1989.
Fig. 79 Otto Piene, Feuerbild, c. 1960. Atelier Hüttenstrasse, Düsseldorf. Photograph reproduced in
Zero : internationale Kunstler-Avantgarde der 50er-60er, exhibition catalogue Museum Kunst
Palast, Düsseldorf and Musée d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, 2006-2007. Marene Heyne,
Düsseldorf.
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Fig. 80 Günter Uecker, TV auf Tisch, 1963. TV, wood, nails, glue, 118 x 80 x 80 cm. Collection of
the artist. Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York,
1989.
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Fig. 81 Gego, Installation of Reticulárea, 1982. Spielraum-Raumspiele, Alte Oper Frankfurt.
Photograph reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.
Fig. 82 Gego, Page from Spielraum-Raumspiele catalogue. Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 1982.
Photographic credit unavailable.
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Fig. 83 Gego looking at the Reticuárea, Liszt Salon, 1982. Alte Oper Frankfurt. Reproduced in
Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.
Fig. 84 Gego, Dibujo sin papel, 79.19, 1979. Steel and various metals, 37 x 36 x 0,9 cm. Collection
Andrés Zancani.
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Fig. 85 Gego, Dibujo sin papel, 85.12, 1985. Steel and iron, 98 x 101 x 2 cm. Collection Fundación
Gego, Caracas.
Fig. 86 Gego, Bicho 87.11, 1987. Steel and painted stone, 40 x 30 x 31 cm. Collection Patricia
Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.