the rhetorical appeals
TRANSCRIPT
THE RHETORICAL APPEALS
Elements of CommunicationSpeaker/Writer
Subject
AudienceHow might
these conversations
differ?
Aristotle
Speaker/Writer
Subject
Audience
The Rhetorical Appeals
Speaker/Writer
Subject
Audience
ethos pathos
logos
The Rhetorical Appeals
Ethos:
an appeal to the credibility and trustworthiness of the writer/speaker.
How can a writer demonstrate that he or she has ethos?o Be fair and balanced. Acknowledge the views of others.
o Be sure to attribute your sources. Give credit where credit is due. Use signal phrases and quotation marks around exact wording.
o Cite your expertise and firsthand experience when it is relevant.
Ethical
Expert
Remember: credentials, alone, do not guarantee credibility.
writer
The Rhetorical Appeals
Pathos:
an appeal to the audience’s emotions, values, and “commonly” held beliefs.
How can a writer use pathos to appeal to his or her audience?o Tug on their heart strings; play on their emotions.
o Appeal to their morals, their values, and their beliefs. These may be political, spiritual, or civil. For example, you may appeal to their patriotism or sense of fair play.
o Build rapport with them by citing commonalities between your life and their own.
Empathy vs. Sympathyaudience
The Rhetorical Appeals
Pathos:
an appeal to the audience’s emotions, values, and “commonly” held beliefs.
How can a writer use pathos to appeal to his or her audience?
audience
o WARNING!!! Know your audience. Is it a mixed or uniform audience?
The Rhetorical Appeals
Logos:
an appeal to logic and reasoning.
How can a writer demonstrate logos in his or her writing?
o Reference facts, common knowledge, and secondary sources.
o Step readers through your reasoning. Remember: Claim
Support
+ _Reasoning__
Argument
subject
o Use this same framework to counter opposing views.
The Rhetorical Appeals
Speaker/Writer
Subject
Audience
ethos pathos
logos
THE RHETORICAL APPEALS