the reproductive system. canine testis (104x) 1. seminiferous tubules (showing spermatogenesis) 2....
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The Reproductive System
Canine Testis (104X)1. Seminiferous tubules (showing spermatogenesis) 2. Interstitial tissue (with Leydig cells, which produce androgens
Positions of the Scrotum:A. Perineal (tomcat)B. Intermediate (dog)C. Inguinal (bull)
1. Testicular artery
2. Deferent duct (ductus deferens)
3. Testis
4. Pelvic symphysis
Equine Testis1. Head of epididymis 2. body of epididymis 3. Pampiniform plexus
Equine testis1. Testis 2. Epididymis 4. Deferent duct (ductus deferens) 5. Pampiniform plexus
Longitudinal section of testis and epididymis
1. Tunica albuginea
2. Mediastinum
3. Seminiferous tubules
4. Straight tubules
5. Rete testis
7. Deferent duct (ductus deferens)
8. Head of epididymis
9. Body of epididymis
10. Tail of epididymis
Canine testicle (corrosion cast)Testicular artery (red); Pampiniform plexus (blue) Deferent duct (yellow)
Scrotum of a bullCremaster muscle contracted
Stress or cold temperature
Bladder and Urethra (Equine), opened
6. Opening of ejaculatory duct
7. Openings of prostatic ducts
8. Openings of bulbourethral ducts
9. Vesicular gland
10 Prostate
11. Bulbourethral gland
Accessory Reproductive Glands
A. Stallion
B. Bull
C. Boar
D. Dog
4. Ampullary Gland
5 Vesicular Gland
6. Body of prostate
7. Bulbourethral gland
Male Urogenital Apparatus (dog)2. Deferent duct 3. Urethra 5. Os penis 6’ bulb of penis
7. bulbis glandis (glans) 8. Prepuce 9. Prostate
Quiescent and erect penis (canine)
Urogenital organs of the tomcat5. Testicle 6. Penis 7. Bulbourethral gland
8. Prostate 9. Deferent duct
Feline Penis1. Prostate 3 Urethra 4. Bulbourethral gland
2. 7. Testis 8. Prepuce 9. Glans (with spines)
Feline Glans Penis (Scanning Electron Micrograph)
Feline Penis (caudal view)1. Tail (raised) 7. Penis 8. Retractor penis muscle 9. bulbourethral gland
Tomcat spraying (urine)
Feline Mating Posture
Equine Penis (out of sheath)
Bovine Penis
Bovine Penis and Surrounding structures
Reproductive organs of the Rooster1. Testis; 2. Kidney; 3. Deferent duct; 4. Cloaca
Female Reproductive Tract4. Ovary; 5 Fallopian Tube; 6 Uterus; 7. Cervix; 8. Vagina 12. Vulva
The bovine ovary1. Ovarian Follicle (egg ready to be ovulated)
The ovary of a bitch (quiescent)
Canine ovary with multiple folliclesCanines reproduce in litters, so multiple follicles mature at one time.
Ovary of the sowDo sows have singles or litters?
Diagram of stages of ovarian activity1. Ovarian medulla; 5. Primordial follicle; 6. Primary follicle; 7. Secondary follicle; 8. early tertiary follicle; 9. mature follicle; 10. Oocyte; 11. Ruptured follicle; 13. Corpus luteum
Cow Reproductive tract
1. Ovary; 2. Infundibulum;
3. Uterine tube (Fallopian tube);
4. Horn of uterus;
6. Body of uterus; 8. Cervix;
10. Vagina;
12. External urethral opening;
14. Clitoris; 15. Vulva
The Reproductive Tract of the Bitch
Vagina has been opened.
1. Ovaries
2. Uterine horns
3. Uterine body
4 Vagina
The reproductive tract of the mare
1. Right ovary
2. Uterine (Fallopian) tube
3. Horn of uterus
4. Body of uterus
5. Cervix
6. Vagina
Reproductive Tract of the Cow
Vagina has been opened
Note differing shapes of the uteri.
The Reproductive Tract
of the Sow
1. Left ovary
4. Uterine (Fallopian) Tube
5. Uterine Horn
(6. Broad Ligament)
7. Parallel segments of the uterine horns
8. Body of Uterus
9. Cervix
10. External uterine orifice
13. Vagina
16. Vestibule
Reproductive Tract of the Hen
1. Ovary with follicles in different stages of development
2. Oviduct
3. Uterus
4. Colon
5. Cloaca
Ventral view of reproductive organs in the hen
1. Ovary with follicles in different stages of development; 2. Oviduct; 3. Uterus; 4. Colon; 5. Cloaca
Variation in Uterine Shape by SpeciesA. Uterus duplex (rabbit); B. Uterus bicornis (small body—sow and cow); C. Uterus bicornis (large—mare); D. Uterus Simplex (woman).
The Estrus Cycle
Canine Estrous Cycle Graphs
contributed by Bruce E Eilts on 12-July-01modified by Eric Huey
Proestrus, estrus (during which ovulation occurs), diestrus, metestrus (quiet phase between cycles)
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Some Specific Reproductive Parameters (Table 5-1, page 206)
Species Puberty Cycle Estrus Duration Ovulation Pregnancy
Dog 6-9 mo >90d 9 days 3 days after 62 days
Cat 6-9 mo varies 7-10 days 24 hrs after 63-65
Horse 20 mo 19-22d 5-6 days 1-2 d before end 330d/11mo
Cattle 6-18 mo 18-24d 18 hours 10-12 hrs bef end 280d/9 mo
Sheep 6-12 mo 16-18d 24-36 hours 30-36 hrs after 150d/5mo
Goat 4-8 mo 21d 24-36 hours 30-36 hrs after 150d/5mo
Pig 5-10 mo 19-21d 48-72 hours 35-45 hrs after 114d (!4 mo)
Pregnancy
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Formation of Extraembryonic
Membranes
1. Embryo
2. Chorion
4. Yolk sac
5. Allantois
6. Amnion
7. Chorioallantois
Zonary Placenta (carnivores)The zonary placenta has the closest and most interaction between the fetal membranes and the endometrium.
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Equine PlacentationThe equine placenta is not very complex. The villi do not penetrate deeply into the endometrium.
Equine PlacentationEndometrial cups (mare) during early pregnancy. These cups are responsible for the production of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG).
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Porcine PlacentationLike the horse, this a relatively simple placenta
Ruminant Placentation (bovine)Ruminants have a cotyledonary placenta with many placentomes
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Partial separation of the maternal and fetal placentomeThis placentome is partially separated, showing the interdigitation of the maternal and fetal parts
Equine fetus1. Yolk sac; 2. Chorionic girdle; 3. Allantochorion
Discoidal placenta of a rat.
The outside of the cow placenta showing cotyledons
Separating the fetal membranes from the placenta
Peeling the placental cotyledon away from the fetal membrane. Note how interlaced the capillaries are; this is where nutrient exchange can take place.
Parturition
ParturitionNote Stage 1 (restlessness, rolling), Stage 2 (active contractions, expulsion of the fetus) and Stage 3 (expulsion of fetal membranes, not shown)
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Newborn foal with damDevelopmental status shortly after birth. A, Neonatal foal with mother (the mare has yet to discharge the fetal membranes [after birth]).
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Neonatal Guinea PigsDevelopmental status shortly after birth. B, Newborn guinea pigs, which are born in a more developed state.
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Neonatal Kittens with QueenDevelopmental status shortly after birth in altricial species. A, Newborn kittens.
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Tree-Day-Old Mouse PupsDevelopmental status shortly after birth in altricial species. B, Three-day-old mouse pups.
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Skeletal Ossification (canine)Progress of skeletal ossification in puppy. C, 1, 14, and 28 days after birth, respectively.
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LactationProvides colostrum and nutrition
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Mammary Gland DistributionDistribution of mammary glands in certain mammals. The dots indicate the number of orifices on the teat. A, Sow. B, Bitch. C, Cat. D, Woman. E, Cow. F, Ewe and she-goat. G, Mare.
Holstein UdderHolstein cow with well-developed udder. 1, Mammary vein.
The Bovine UdderTransverse section of the abdominal floor and cranial quarters of the bovine udder. 1, External abdominal oblique; 2, internal abdominal oblique; 3, rectus abdominis; 4, peritoneum; 5, linea alba; 6, lymph vessel; 7, external pudendal vein; 8, external pudendal (mammary) artery; 9, medial laminae of suspensory apparatus; 10, lactiferous sinus; 11, papillary duct; 12, lateral laminae of suspensory apparatus.
Mammary TissueSection of (A) nonlactating and (B) lactating mammary glands; a compound tubuloalveolar gland (70×). 1, Alveolus; 2, interlobular septum.