The Reagan RevolutionThe Reagan Revolution

Ch 56 Ch 56 History AliveHistory Alive

Intro: A Shift to the RightIntro: A Shift to the Right

1.1. Ronald Reagan took office on Ronald Reagan took office on January 20, 1981January 20, 1981

2.2. A little over two months A little over two months afterwards, he was nearly killed afterwards, he was nearly killed (assassinated)(assassinated)

3.3. Before going into surgery he Before going into surgery he joked with the doctors by saying, joked with the doctors by saying, “I hope you are all Republicans.”“I hope you are all Republicans.”

Reagan RevolutionReagan Revolution

44. . Refers to Reagan’s conservative Refers to Reagan’s conservative agenda that called for lower agenda that called for lower taxes, reduced government taxes, reduced government regulation of businesses, and regulation of businesses, and cuts in spending on social cuts in spending on social programs.programs.

EvangelicalsEvangelicals5. 5. Christians who emphasize the Christians who emphasize the

authority of the Bible. Many call authority of the Bible. Many call themselves “born again” Christiansthemselves “born again” Christians

6. Many evangelicals were upset about 6. Many evangelicals were upset about the declining moral and religious the declining moral and religious values in American Society.values in American Society.

7. 7. New Right-New Right- Consisted of various Consisted of various special interest groups and activists special interest groups and activists who worked for conservative causeswho worked for conservative causes

Reagan’s AppealReagan’s Appeal

8. 8. Reagan was an excellent Reagan was an excellent speaker, and well known as a speaker, and well known as a movie actor.movie actor.

9. In 1980 he defeated Jimmy 9. In 1980 he defeated Jimmy Carter by a landslide!Carter by a landslide!

Reagan’s Economic PoliciesReagan’s Economic Policies

11. Reagan pledged to reduce the 11. Reagan pledged to reduce the power of the federal government power of the federal government stating, “Government is not the stating, “Government is not the solution to our problem. Government solution to our problem. Government is the problem.”is the problem.”

12. New Federalism – Reagan wanted 12. New Federalism – Reagan wanted to shift power from the federal to shift power from the federal government to the states. (education, government to the states. (education, health care, welfare)health care, welfare)

Supply-side economicsSupply-side economics13. Supply-side economic is an 13. Supply-side economic is an

economic theory that economic economic theory that economic growth depends on increasing the growth depends on increasing the supply of goods and services by supply of goods and services by cutting taxes.cutting taxes.

14.14.By 1983, the economy was By 1983, the economy was making a strong comeback – making a strong comeback – gross national product grew by gross national product grew by 7.1 percent. Stock market also 7.1 percent. Stock market also rose.rose.

15.15.Economists debate whether the Economists debate whether the tax cuts caused the comeback. tax cuts caused the comeback. MAJOR factor in the increase MAJOR factor in the increase was increase in defense was increase in defense spending.spending.

Gap between rich and poorGap between rich and poor

16. Personal income grew at all levels 16. Personal income grew at all levels of society, however, the income gap of society, however, the income gap between rich and poor widened. The between rich and poor widened. The rich saw income rise and the poor rich saw income rise and the poor saw few benefits.saw few benefits.

““Reaganomics”Reaganomics”17. Liberals say that Reaganomics 17. Liberals say that Reaganomics

helped the rich and hurt the poor. helped the rich and hurt the poor. “Income, wealth and power – from the “Income, wealth and power – from the government to private enterprise…government to private enterprise…from poor to rich.from poor to rich.

Arguments defending this say that the Arguments defending this say that the tax cuts made at the upper levels of tax cuts made at the upper levels of society were supposed to “trickle society were supposed to “trickle down.”down.”

Deregulation-Deregulation- is the reduction or removal of is the reduction or removal of government controls on business in order government controls on business in order to promote economic efficiency and to promote economic efficiency and stimulate free enterprise.stimulate free enterprise.

18. Deregulation is a way to limit 18. Deregulation is a way to limit government power in business. government power in business. Businesses could then avoid (for Businesses could then avoid (for instance) environmental regulations. instance) environmental regulations. On the other hand they could make On the other hand they could make more money by not having more money by not having government involved.government involved.

National DebtNational Debt19. Federal budget debt soared during 19. Federal budget debt soared during

Reagan’s two terms. Reagan’s two terms. Budget deficitBudget deficit is is the shortfall that results when the shortfall that results when government spending exceeds government spending exceeds government revenues.government revenues.

Reagan’s Social PoliciesReagan’s Social Policies

20. Reagan and other social 20. Reagan and other social conservatives conservatives opposed government opposed government spending on social welfarespending on social welfare. .

21. (Theory = government traps people 21. (Theory = government traps people in a cycle of poverty).in a cycle of poverty).

(Cuts fell most heavily on single women (Cuts fell most heavily on single women with young children and young adults with young children and young adults with few job skills or education)with few job skills or education)

Children in poverty rose 25%Children in poverty rose 25%

HIV/AIDS CrisisHIV/AIDS Crisis22. HIV/AIDS was an unknown 22. HIV/AIDS was an unknown

disease until the 1980s. Disease disease until the 1980s. Disease attacks the immune system attacks the immune system making it impossible for victims to making it impossible for victims to fight off infections or diseases.fight off infections or diseases.

NJ v. L.T.O.NJ v. L.T.O.

23.Involved privacy rights (423.Involved privacy rights (4thth Amendment) of a 14 year old girl “L.T.O” Amendment) of a 14 year old girl “L.T.O” whose bag was searched at school and whose bag was searched at school and they found marijuanathey found marijuana

24Court ruled that a search without a 24Court ruled that a search without a warrant by school officials did not violate warrant by school officials did not violate 44thth amendment as long as there were amendment as long as there were “reasonable grounds.”“reasonable grounds.”

Reagan and Civil RightsReagan and Civil Rights25. Reagan believed that the 25. Reagan believed that the

government should be less involved government should be less involved in enforcing civil rights violations. in enforcing civil rights violations. Called for an end to affirmative action.Called for an end to affirmative action.

26. THE RESULT – Jesse Jackson 26. THE RESULT – Jesse Jackson started the started the Rainbow CoalitionRainbow Coalition, which , which was a political organization to was a political organization to advocate social progress for people advocate social progress for people of color, women, gays and lesbians.of color, women, gays and lesbians.

Immigration ReformImmigration Reform

27. Reagan signed the 27. Reagan signed the Immigration Immigration Reform and Control ActReform and Control Act which which called for increased immigration called for increased immigration controls along the US-Mexico controls along the US-Mexico border and provided stiff penalties border and provided stiff penalties for employers who hired for employers who hired undocumented workers.undocumented workers.

Ending the Cold WarEnding the Cold War

Chapter 57 Chapter 57 History AliveHistory Alive

Reagan’s Speech in BerlinReagan’s Speech in Berlin

1.1987 Reagan 1.1987 Reagan gave his “tear gave his “tear down this wall” down this wall” speechspeech

2. Berlin Wall was 2. Berlin Wall was a symbol of the a symbol of the Cold WarCold War

Dismantling the symbol of the Cold WarDismantling the symbol of the Cold War

4. A little over two 4. A little over two years later years later (1989), the Berlin (1989), the Berlin Wall opened, Wall opened, thousands of thousands of people rushed to people rushed to the wall and the wall and began began dismantling it dismantling it piece by piece.piece by piece.

Anticommunism Guide Reagan’s Anticommunism Guide Reagan’s Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

4. Reagan believed that the Soviet 4. Reagan believed that the Soviet Union was a threat to freedom and Union was a threat to freedom and democracy. He described the USSR democracy. He described the USSR as the “Evil Empire.”as the “Evil Empire.”

Strategic Defense InitiativeStrategic Defense Initiative5. Program would create a “missile 5. Program would create a “missile

shield” designed to protect the US shield” designed to protect the US using land and space-based using land and space-based weaponsweapons

Critics - SDICritics - SDI

7. Critics of SDI 7. Critics of SDI referred to the referred to the program as “Star program as “Star Wars,” after the Wars,” after the movie (which movie (which was highly was highly popular at the popular at the time)time)

Reagan DoctrineReagan Doctrine8. According to the Reagan Doctrine, 8. According to the Reagan Doctrine,

the US provided aid to rebels fighting the US provided aid to rebels fighting Soviet backed governments in Asia, Soviet backed governments in Asia, Africa and Latin AmericaAfrica and Latin America

Intervention in Nicaragua Intervention in Nicaragua

9. In the 1980s, the 9. In the 1980s, the US trained US trained Nicaraguan Contra Nicaraguan Contra rebels to oust rebels to oust Nicaraguan’s leftist Nicaraguan’s leftist government. government. (Praised as “the (Praised as “the equivalent to our equivalent to our Founding Fathers.”Founding Fathers.”

Middle East RelationsMiddle East Relations

10. The US provided aid to Israel, 10. The US provided aid to Israel, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon (which Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon (which were moderate governments in the were moderate governments in the Middle East). These countries were in Middle East). These countries were in conflict with Syria, Iran and the conflict with Syria, Iran and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Palestine Liberation Organization. The US intervened to try to bring The US intervened to try to bring peace.peace.

Troop InvolvementTroop Involvement

11. The US viewed its troops as 11. The US viewed its troops as peacekeepers, but their presence peacekeepers, but their presence began to spark terrorists attacks – began to spark terrorists attacks – the Beirut Embassythe Beirut Embassy

Iran-Contra AffairIran-Contra Affair12. The US was 12. The US was

secretly selling secretly selling weapons to Iran. weapons to Iran. This broke a This broke a promise Reagan promise Reagan made to never made to never deal with deal with terrorists. The terrorists. The money was money was illegally sent to illegally sent to the Contras in the Contras in Nicaragua. Nicaragua.

Lt. Col. Oliver NorthLt. Col. Oliver North13. North testified 13. North testified

that his superiors that his superiors authorized and authorized and approved his approved his actions knowing actions knowing they broke the they broke the law in aiding the law in aiding the Contras.Contras.

Cold War Winds DownCold War Winds Down

14. When Mikhail Gorbachev took 14. When Mikhail Gorbachev took office, the Soviet Union was in office, the Soviet Union was in deep trouble. Production on farms deep trouble. Production on farms and factories declined. There was and factories declined. There was no incentive for people to work no incentive for people to work hard, widespread shortages on all hard, widespread shortages on all supplies.supplies.

Reagan helping end the Cold WarReagan helping end the Cold War

16. Both Gorbachev and Reagan 16. Both Gorbachev and Reagan met in Geneva they both realized met in Geneva they both realized that they needed to reduce that they needed to reduce nuclear stockpiles. These talks nuclear stockpiles. These talks led to the INF Treaty. led to the INF Treaty. (Intermediate Range Nuclear (Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)Forces Treaty)

INF Treaty INF Treaty (ADD TO NOTES)(ADD TO NOTES)USSR and US agreed to destroy all USSR and US agreed to destroy all

missiles with a range of 300 to missiles with a range of 300 to 3,400 miles. Also allowed for 3,400 miles. Also allowed for each side to make inspectionseach side to make inspections

Moscow 1991Moscow 1991

17. In 1991 the Soviet Union began 17. In 1991 the Soviet Union began collapsing. Statues of communist collapsing. Statues of communist leaders were torn downleaders were torn down

Eastern Europe after the collapseof Eastern Europe after the collapseof the USSR:the USSR:

18. Communism began to collapse 18. Communism began to collapse throughout Eastern Europe. The throughout Eastern Europe. The Warsaw pact was eliminated. Warsaw pact was eliminated. Independent nation-states emerged.Independent nation-states emerged.

Survival of CommunismSurvival of Communism

19. Communism continued to 19. Communism continued to survive in Cuba, Vietnam, North survive in Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea and China. Korea and China.

(North Korea is the only communist (North Korea is the only communist country that has isolated itself – country that has isolated itself – other countries have developed other countries have developed mixed economies)mixed economies)

China 1989China 1989 20. Chinese 20. Chinese authorities authorities broke up broke up protesters in protesters in china’s china’s Tiananmen Tiananmen Square. The Square. The country has country has since changedsince changed