The Quest For

EqualityBy: Tom P. Bolles

Kimberly S. Conway Doris A. Kahler

Standards BEGINBEGIN

Standards of Learning 6.2b – The student will analyze and explainAmericans’ responses to industrialization andurbanization, with emphasis on women’ssuffrage and temperance movements, andtheir impact on society.

7.2e – The students will compare thenational, state, and local governments, withemphasis on the process of amending theUnited States and Virginia Constitutions.

6.2c – The student will analyze and explainAmericans’ responses to industrialization andurbanization, with emphasis on child labor,working conditions, and the rise oforganized labor.

7.4e – The student will compare the policy-making process at the local, state, andnational levels of government, with emphasison the ways that individuals and cultural,ethnic, and other interest groups caninfluence government policy makers.

6.4e – The student will describe ideas andevents of the 1920s and 1930s, with emphasison the impact of women’s suffrage.

7.9a – The student will demonstrate anunderstanding of the rights of citizens inAmerican by describing ways individualsparticipate in the political process, such asregistering and voting, communicatingwith government officials, participating inpolitical campaigns, serving on juries andin voluntary appointed positions.

6.9 – The student will interpret patrioticslogans and excepts from notable speeches inUnited States history since 1877.

7.10 – The student will interpret maps, tables,diagrams, charts, political cartoons, andbasic indicators of economic performance forunderstanding of economic and politicalissues.

To PWC Objectives

Prince William County Objectives6.CU.2E – Investigate the Suffrage andTemperance movements to include theirimpact on culture and family. (ElizabethCady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and CarrieNation)6.CU.2F – Explore the role of women’sorganizations. (Jane Addams and Ida B.Wells)6.GO.4A – Examine and explain the effect ofthe following: suffrage and temperance.

7.CU.1A – Analyze documents and explainhow they reflect the history and culture of thecitizens. Include the following: Charters ofthe Virginia Company of London, VirginiaDeclaration of Rights, Virginia Statute ofReligious Freedom, Declaration ofIndependence, Articles of Confederate,Constitutions of the United States andVirginia.

6.CU.5D – Explain issues of the period frommore than one viewpoint: suffrage.6.CU.1J – Examine the impact of universalsuffrage in the United States.

7.GO.1B – Compare local, state, and nationalgovernments in terms of structure, function,and powers. Include the following: theprocess of amending the Constitutions ofVirginia and United States.

6.GE.5B – Map the results of the suffragepetition campaigns and dram conclusionabout the data.6.GO.2D – Evaluate the impact of universalsuffrage in the United States.6.CU.2R – Explain the changing role ofwomen in the United States (from post WWIIdomesticity to the activism of the 1960’s.)

7.CU.4C – Examine the formation and tacticsof special interest groups and organizations inresponse to government action (or inaction).Include the following: suffragists, civil rightsactivities, feminist activities.7.GO.1K – Analyze primary sources todetermine the formation of government.7.GO.1L – Interpret diagrams and politicalcartoons.

Prince William County Objectives

6.GO.3F – Investigate the impact of thefollowing: changing role of women.6.GO.2G – Create narratives, graphicorganizers, diagrams, or timelines todemonstrate an understanding of thechanging concept of citizenship for a selectedgroup.

7.GO.2I – Use primary sources to determinethe rights and responsibilities of citizens andgroups.7.DP.2D – Identify and explain issuesportrayed in political cartoons.

6.DP.2H – Investigate, discuss, and debatecurrent issues and their relationship tohistorical topics. Choose and issue andcreate a persuasive argument.6.GO.3H – Explain the causes, costs, andbenefits of the struggle for citizenship andequality.6.GO.2E – Analyze documents to evaluatechanging concepts of citizenship. Include thefollowing: statement of purpose, NationalOrganization for Women.

To Teacher Page

Click on the link below to view and print out a handout/study guide for your

students to use in conjunction with this presentation.

AND THE JOURNEY BEGINS...

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all are created equal…”

The Declaration of Independence

men

Thomas Jefferson, 1776

The Suffrage TrailBridging the gap between inequality and equality.

1848 -

Seneca Falls

Women’s Rights

Convention 1920 - 19th Amendment

Passed - Women

receive right to vote.

1848 Seneca Falls

Women’s Rights

Convention

Seneca Falls, New YorkJuly 1848

•World’s first women’s rights convention

•Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

•Set agenda for women’s rights movement that followed

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal…”

-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1848Elizabeth Cady Stanton (sitting), Susan B. Anthony (standing)

“Ain’t I a woman?”-Sojourner Truth, 1851

“That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody helps me any best place. And ain’t I a woman?…If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back and get it right-side up again. And now that they are asking to do it the men better let them.”

PROMINENT SUFFRAGETTES

Susan B. Anthony

Sojourner Truth

Elizabeth Cady StantonCarrie Chapman Catt

Lucretia Mott

Rosa Parks

Sally Ride

Gloria Steinem

Nellie Bly

Carrie Nation

How is an Amendment Passed?How is an Amendment Passed?

Amendments are proposed by:

-A two-thirds(2/3) vote of both houses of Congress

OR

-A national convention called by Congress

Amendments are ratified by:

-Approval of three-fourths (3/4) of the state legislatures

OR

-Special ratifying conventions in three-fourths (3/4) of the states

Obstacles Women FacedObstacles Women Faced

Tradition - people believed a woman’s role was in the home taking care of the family.

Women - many women felt new freedoms also meant new responsibilities and situations making the future uncertain.

Laws - many laws limited and restricted the opportunities open to women.

Religion - Organized religions viewed women as subservient to men.

FAMOUS WOMEN’S FIRSTS1848 - first Women’s Rights Convention

1849 - first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Science

1853 - first woman ordained as a minister in the Protestant denomination

1855 - first woman on record to keep her own name after marriage

1855 - first state school to admit women (U. of Iowa)

1869 - first woman suffrage law in U.S. passed

1870 - first time for women to serve on Juries

1870 - first state to admit a woman to the bar (Iowa)

1870 - first issue of Woman’s Journal appears

1872 - first women to register and vote in a presidential election

1875 - first women’s college founded (Smith College)

1879 - first woman lawyer admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court

1917 - first woman elected to U.S. Congress (Montana)

1924 - first woman elected governor of a state (Wyoming)

1932 - first woman elected to U.S. Senate (Arkansas)

1971 - first battered women’s shelter opened (Illinois)

1973 - first time U.S. military is integrated (women-only branches are eliminated)

1981 - first woman appointed to the Supreme Court

Achieving Equality

• In order for women to get the right to vote, an Amendment had to be added to the Constitution.

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

• In 1919, there were 48 states forming the United States of America. To get the required 3/4th majority for ratification, the 19th Amendment needed the approval of at least 36 states.

Teachers: Click here for more information.

Click on the image below to go to a web site where you can print out a list of the states, in the order in

which they ratified the 19th Amendment, as well as a map of the United States.

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

June 1919

WI

ILKS

TX

OH

MIPA

NY MA

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

July 1919

IA

MO

AK

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

August 1919

NE

MT

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

September 1919

MN NH

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

October 1919

UT

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

November 1919

ME

CA

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

December 1919

WI

ND

SD

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

January 1920

OR

RI

IN

KY

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

February 1920

NJ

AZ NM

NV

ID

OK

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

March 1920

WA

WV

States Ratifying the 19th Amendment

August 1920

TN

States which did not vote on the 19th Amendment

Did not vote on 19th Amendment

Were not states in 1919-20, accepted the 19th Amendment when admitted as states

Not States in 1919-20

Sufferin’ ‘til Suffrage

Click Here to Access Video (it may take a few minutes)

When web page comes upgo to Multimedia and click “Play” Video.

ASSESSMENT

• The women’s suffrage movement involved many different people from many different places. Who do you feel made the largest impact on this movement and why? Give an example of this impact.

• In 1848 the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention was held. Who were the significant women in this convention and what was achieved/accomplished through this effort?

• “Ain’t I a women…,” these were the words that were spoken by Sojourner Truth in 1851. What was the overall message that she was trying to put across? Was she successful?

ESSAYS

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENTYou are the editor of a newspaper reflecting on the women’s suffrage movement. You must complete the following tasks by 10 PM tonight in order to make the press deadline for tomorrow’s paper. Remember, you are trying to bring the issue of women’s rights and the suffrage movement to the forefront.

TASKS:

1. Write a front page article detailing the works of one prominent suffragette. Include a catchy headline.

2. Write a supporting article detailing some of the obstacles that were hindering this movement. Include a catchy headline.

3. Create a political cartoon about the women’s suffrage movement.

4. Write a supporting article focusing on the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Include a catchy headline.

5. Create a top ten list of the women’s firsts throughout history.

Remember….deadline is 10 PM, be on time!

Referenceshttp://genxtvland.simplenet.com/SchoolHouseRock/song.hts?lo+sufferin -Unofficial Schoolhouse Rock Site

www.usgennet.org/~alhnilus/alhn1920.html

http://www.greatwomen.org/lcvt2.htm - National Women's Hall of Fame

http://www.nmwh.org/ - National Women's Museum

www.nara.gov

Life Magazine, 1914.

Viola, Herman, Why We Remember, Scott Foresman Addision Wesley, Illinois, 1998