the quakers
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The Quakers. Quakers in 17th Century England. Origins - A nonconformist movement What did they believe? Simplicity Inner revelation Pacifism Practices. The Peace Testimony. Also known as the Testimony Against War What was it? Where was it derived from? Significance?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Quakers
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Quakers in 17th Century England
• Origins- A nonconformist movement
• What did they believe?- Simplicity- Inner revelation- Pacifism
• Practices
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The Peace Testimony
• Also known as the Testimony Against War• What was it?• Where was it derived from?• Significance?
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Quakers in Pennsylvania
Penn’s ideal A pacifist state A model for the world A precedent: “All thingshave their beginnings.”
Colonial responsePersecution, imprisonment, & execution
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The ‘holy experiment’
Quakers in government
Control of the Assembly
Independence
Successful economy
Western frontiersmen
Tensions
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Quakers & Indians
Relations with the native Americans
Friendly relations European & Indians conflicts Preaching Increasing atrocities
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The failure of the ‘peaceable kingdom’
Why did it fail?
Voted out of govt Divisions within the ‘peaceable kingdom’ Penn’s absence Failure to convert Indians and most European colonists Self-enclosed community Demands of empire A small nonviolent island in a sea of brutal colonial rule Persecution
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JOHN WOOLMAN
• BACKGROUND:- Born 1720
- Literary works - Journal now considered a classic of English literature
- Employment
- Minister - 1743
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BELIEFS ‘The gentle conscience of
Quakerism’• Evils of slavery:- Exploitation of labour and oppression of poor- He believed in the equality of humanity- Inconsistent with the Christian religion
• Good in all others• Return to a simple lifestyle - wealth and greed as unnecessary evils
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NONVIOLENT ACTION‘conduct is more convincing
than language’1.) Tax Refusal:• 1755 - refusal to pay military tax• 1761 - journey to native colony during time of war
2.) Anti-slavery measures:• Journeys throughout colonies - quiet testimony• Insisted on payment of slaves• Did not push guilt onto slave owners• Argued from Quaker tradition and scripture• The TRUTH was all important
3.) Other Actions:• 1772 - walking tour protest in England• Adopted a plain lifestyle• A model of selfless devotion
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IMPORTANCE TO THE HISTORY OF NONVIOLENT
RESISTANCE• 1776 - Quakers adopted a policy of
abolition of slavery• Introduced the idea of DIALOGUE• ‘Passive Obedience’• Symbolic actions‘The most significant figure in the
early history of non-violence in the North American colonies’ (LYND)