the proliferation of environmental data and visualization ... · 11/11/2018 · low-cost sensors...
TRANSCRIPT
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The proliferation of environmental data and
visualization sharing platforms and their
impact on awareness
Jeffery K Smith
World Health Organization
(Consultant)
@jksmith34
Community Engagement,
Citizen Science, & the
BreatheLife Campaign
WHO/PHE
http://www.who.int/airpollution/
Pawan Gupta Ph.D.
NASA - GSFC/USRA
On the occasion of the Better Air Quality conference 12-16 November 2018 in Kuching, Malaysia
Session: Urban Planning and City Solutions for Clean Air 15 November 2018
Co-authors
Michael D Mehta Ph.D.
Thompson Rivers University,
Kamloops, BC, Canada
Professor Environmental
Studies
https://www.tru.ca/arts/geograp
hy.html
Dawn Lee
World Health Organization
(Consultant)
WHO/PHE
http://www.who.int/airpollution/
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Air Pollution is an invisible and ubiquitous killer
A shortage of regulatory &
scientific grade monitoring
stations creates a air
pollution knowledge gap
Monitoring → medical
researchers connect both short
& long-term air pollution
exposure to → NCDs like
heart, stroke, respiratory, &
other illnesses,
hospitalizations, &
deaths.
Most cities have too few regulatory air pollution monitors if any
Even fewer stations make the data
available to the public. Platforms like
OpenAQ.org collect data from these
stations and provide it as an API or for
limited download.
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Air Quality Monitoring
-
Regulatory monitors
Regulatory continuous emission monitoring stations allow governments to provide high accuracy data typically to enforce national and state or local emissions standards.
Many governments in recent years provide open real-time data through the internet. Even more each week provide streaming APIs that enable researchers, citizen scientists, and others can gain insights and discover the hotspots of air pollution around our cities.
- Regulatory monitors provide correction factors for low-cost and remote sensing systems. - are not perfect… have margins of error; - are expensive to maintain & - downtime.
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Global map of regulatory ambient air quality monitoring stations real-time readings collected by AQICN.org - 13NOV2018
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Air Quality Monitoring
-
Remote Sensing
• Remote Sensing / Satellite collected data has for decades fulfilled many practical & policy applications for monitoring air pollution & environmental metrics across most every locale.
Remote Sensing data can be used for institutional & personal health & safety decisions.
When the data is available in real-time through the internet, then we can gain insights and discover the hotspots of air pollution most anywhere.
Remote Sensing technology is still evolving to improve accuracy and are not ready to replace regulatory monitoring systems.
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NASA’s Worldview & Suomi/VIIRS, 08NOV2018 – Inset: ESA’s Sentinel 5P Tropomi instrument Carbon Monoxide 10NOV2017
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Earth: www.earth.nullschool.net
a visualization (artistic
model) of global
weather and air quality
conditions “forecast by
supercomputers and
updated every three
hours.”
ocean surface current
estimates updated
every five days
Provides aerosol and
chemical layers from
NASA’s GEOS-5
(Goddard Earth
Observing System)
&
ESA’s CAMS
(Copernicus
Atmosphere Monitoring
System)
Twitter @cambecc
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- nexgenearth.info - 13NOV2018
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Air Quality Monitoring
-
Low-Cost Sensors
• Low-cost sensors (LCS) are being used for many practical & policy applications for monitoring air pollution especially at the ‘hyperlocal’ level.
• LCSs can be used for institutional & personal health & safety decisions.
• When the data is available in real-time through the internet, then we can gain insights and discover the hotspots of air pollution around our cities.
LCSs may not be able to replace regulatory monitoring systems with respect to accurate exposure measurements that epidemiologists and pathologists desire.
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Purple Air low-cost network in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada: August 14, 2017
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Comparison Of Hourly Averages Of PM2.5 (micrograms/m3) In July And August 2017, Kamloops, British Columbia, CanadaKamloops Federal Building (BAM) versus PurpleAir (n=10)
KamloopsFederalBuilding Lorne_mean Strathcona_mean SunRivers_mean HughAllan_mean BattleWest_mean MountDufferin_mean NicolaWest_mean Valleyview_mean Monmouth_mean Highridge_mean
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Northern India crop stubble smoke is detected by a AQI.in low-cost network - 11NOV2018 Noon – Indian NAQI values
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New Delhi India depicted by a AQI.in low-cost network - 08NOV2018 1645hrs – Indian NAQI values
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What’s the goal of the platforms and tools?
Generate Awareness
hyperlocal air pollution data
will generate a sense of
ownership and motivate
average citizens to change
their behaviour and = more
accountability governments
and regulators .
Increase Awareness and Accelerate Solutions
Monitor
Deploy networks of air
monitors in within and
around an expanding list
of cities.
Create visualizations of
the data
The data will provide
insights about the sources
and activities that create
air pollution
Solutions
Accelerate the adoption of
cleaner and clean energy as
city managers, policymakers,
and businesses
Photo credit: Pollution over Delhi from Sentinel-5P
10NOV2017
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Identification of Sources
Detect wildfires and seasonal
air quality events.
Traffic-related
Waste and garden debris fires
Wood burning events that are
causing unhealthy air. Pizza
ovens in Milan and New York
City have been regulated.
These acute & chronic sources
of pollution = hotspots or
microenvironments of pollution.
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Citizen Science projects promote Participatory Urbanism
& Community Engagement
Creating Awareness of Air Pollution-Charts, graphs, tables,
and maps of pollution and
the hyperlocal environment
create awareness
-Citizens can detect and
map hyperlocal pollution
“hotspots” and participate
in policymaking and
improving air quality in
their city and
neighbourhoods.
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Identification of Health Impact
-Researchers can detect and
correlate air pollution measurements
from low-cost, regulatory, and satellite
networks to hospitalization rates for
heart disease, stroke, respiratory and
other illnesses to which air pollution
contributes.
Health studies reveal exercise along
busy and congested streets is not
beneficial.
Activity apps Running, Cycling, and
Walking Apps are identifying the best
routes for exercise and commuting
safely.
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WHO’s Urban Health Initiative
(in collaboration with CCAC)
Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
Methods
WHO ambient air quality database
Regulatory and Sattelite-derived dataset
AirQ+
Air pollution risk assessment
Integrated Transport & Health Impact
Modelling Tool – ITHIM
Transport
Health Economic Assessment Tool - HEAT
Transport
iSThAT (Integrated Sustainable Transport &
Health Assessment Tool)
Transport
GreenS+
Transport and urban planning
Clean Household Energy Solutions Toolkit -
CHEST
Household Energy
WHO-CHOICE
Health Services
OneHealth
Health Services
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Take Action for SolutionsCitizens groups will be empowered to form broad networks and coalitions.
These groups will identify and notify the industries that are not using or
maintaining emissions controls. They can ask for responsible and sustainable
change.
People can help create roadmaps for policymakers.
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Are our actions working?
(intervention evaluation)Monitoring networks will allow us to know when our
actions to reduce air pollution are working.
We can make “Before and After” relative comparisons of changes in ambient levels
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Examples of Open Data sets, platforms, and tools
Government Regulatory (reference) Too many to list
AQICN.org Regulatory (reference)http://aqicn.org/map/#@g/22.4891/1.8281/3
z
OpenAQ.orgRegulatory (reference) https://openaq.org/
State of Global Air (HEI &
IHME)Regulatory (reference)
https://www.stateofglobalair.org/data/#/air/pl
ot
Berkeley Earth Air Quality
mapRegulatory (reference)
https://www.sentinel-
hub.com/explore/eobrowser
ESA CAMS data model Remote Sensinghttps://www.sentinel-
hub.com/explore/eobrowser
NASA GEOS data modelRemote Sensing
https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/GEOS_systems/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=2012000
9164
NASA FIRMS – Fire data
& tools Remote Sensinghttps://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov
NASA Worldview Remote Sensing
https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-
observation-data/near-real-time/hazards-
and-disasters/air-quality
earth Remote Sensingearth.nullschool.net
3-min. introduction to earth -
https://youtu.be/MMmkooO52Z4
NexGen Earth Labs Remote Sensing https://www.nexgenearth.info/aqforecast
AQI.in Low-Cost https://www.aqi.in/
Luftdaten Low-Cost https://luftdaten.info/
Purple Air Low-Cost https://www.purpleair.com/
US EPA’s Environmental
Benefits Mapping and
Analysis Program -
Community Edition
(BenMAP-CE)
Environmental / Urban https://www.epa.gov/benmap
World Resources
Institute’s Resource WatchEnvironmental / Urban https://resourcewatch.org/data/explore
Our World in Data Environmental / Urban https://ourworldindata.org/
Clean Air Asia’s Cities
Clean Air PartnershipEnvironmental / Urban
http://cleanairasia.org/cities-clean-air-
partnership/http://cleanairasia.org/all-toolbox
Maharashtra, India state’s
Star Rating Program Environmental / Urban https://mpcb.info/
https://epic.uchicago.in/industries-join-
maharashtras-star-rating-program/
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Questions?Jeffery K Smith, World Health Organization (consultant), Geneva, [email protected]
Pawan Gupta, Ph.D. - NASA/GSFC – Huntsville, AL, USA - [email protected]
Michael D. Mehta, Ph.D. - Thomson Rivers University, BC, Canada - [email protected]
Dawn Lee, World Health Organization (consultant), Geneva, [email protected]
CANADA
1.800.825.6915