the progressive era 1890-1920. the progressive era characterized by “progress” through reform...
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The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era Characterized by “progress”
through reform-not a cohesive movement
Reform big business and restore competition- break up trusts
Reform the political system- end corruption/ expand voting rights
Social justice and welfare (primarily in urban areas). -working conditions/wages/protection/education/child labor/help for immigrants and the poor
Rejuvenate social morals - temperance movement/Prohibition
Characterized by “progress” through reform-not a cohesive movement
Reform big business and restore competition- break up trusts
Reform the political system- end corruption/ expand voting rights
Social justice and welfare (primarily in urban areas). -working conditions/wages/protection/education/child labor/help for immigrants and the poor
Rejuvenate social morals - temperance movement/Prohibition
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NY Bakeshop Act 1897NY Bakeshop Act 1897 NY State Law-Bakers-Maximum
work load= 10 hours per day/60 hours per week.
Joseph Lochner, owner of Lochner’s Bakery violated the law twice (worked employees longer) & was fined by NYS.
He appealed the fine in courtHow should the Supreme Court Rule?
NY State Law-Bakers-Maximum work load= 10 hours per day/60 hours per week.
Joseph Lochner, owner of Lochner’s Bakery violated the law twice (worked employees longer) & was fined by NYS.
He appealed the fine in courtHow should the Supreme Court Rule?
Amendment 14-Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Amendment 14-Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
How Did The Supreme Court Rule?Lochner v. NY
How Did The Supreme Court Rule?Lochner v. NY
LIBERTY OF CONTRACT in the DUE PROCESS
CLAUSE
The Bakeshop Act Violates the 14th Amendment and is
illegal.
LIBERTY OF CONTRACT in the DUE PROCESS
CLAUSE
The Bakeshop Act Violates the 14th Amendment and is
illegal.
State Level Political ReformsFighting Bob- Robert M. LaFollette - Wisconsin
Gov.
a. Secret ballotb. Direct Primary-Voters directly elect
candidates to run for Office—led to The 17th Amendment direct election of US Senators
c. Initiative-bill by petitiond. Referendum-direct vote on an issuee. Recall-by petition: voters can force an
elected official to stand for reelection
State Level Political ReformsFighting Bob- Robert M. LaFollette - Wisconsin
Gov.
a. Secret ballotb. Direct Primary-Voters directly elect
candidates to run for Office—led to The 17th Amendment direct election of US Senators
c. Initiative-bill by petitiond. Referendum-direct vote on an issuee. Recall-by petition: voters can force an
elected official to stand for reelection
Does the government have the ability and
responsibility to alleviate or solve social
problems?
Does the government have the ability and
responsibility to alleviate or solve social
problems?
Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt
TR began his political career as a reformer of local government corruption. NYC
TR began his political career as a reformer of local government corruption. NYC
The Supreme Court & WorkersThe Supreme Court & Workers Lochner v. NYC 1897
Bakers-Max. work load= 10 hours per day/60 hours per week-Ruling: Unconstitutional (14th)
Muller v. Oregon 1908All Women workers-10 hour work day.
Ruling: Constitutional Bunting v. Oregon 1917
10 hour work day for men. Ruling: Constitutional
Lochner v. NYC 1897Bakers-Max. work load= 10 hours per day/60
hours per week-Ruling: Unconstitutional (14th)
Muller v. Oregon 1908All Women workers-10 hour work day.
Ruling: Constitutional Bunting v. Oregon 1917
10 hour work day for men. Ruling: Constitutional
PA. Coal Miners* dangerous conditions* low pay/long hours* child laborers
* no recognition of Union* no job security/insurance* paid in scrip-
“company stores”1902-PA. COAL STRIKE
PA. Coal Miners* dangerous conditions* low pay/long hours* child laborers
* no recognition of Union* no job security/insurance* paid in scrip-
“company stores”1902-PA. COAL STRIKE
The 1902 Coal Strike:
How are economic or social problems alleviated or solved by the powers of
government?
The 1902 Coal Strike:
How are economic or social problems alleviated or solved by the powers of
government?
The Progressive Presidents: Matrix: Directions: As you complete your matrixes, be sure to include the following
plans/reforms. Make sure to properly place the reform/Act on the matrix with a complete description. (Which president was responsible)?
The Progressive Presidents: Matrix: Directions: As you complete your matrixes, be sure to include the following
plans/reforms. Make sure to properly place the reform/Act on the matrix with a complete description. (Which president was responsible)?
Taft in the White HouseTaft in the White House
William Howard Taft-Republican- Ballinger-Pinchot Affair 1909- Richard Ballinger, Sec
of the Interior sold coal rich government lands in Alaska to J.P. Morgan and Daniel Guggenheim. Gifford Pinchot, famous conservationist and Chief of the Forest Service cried foul-Taft fired him.
- Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1909-raised taxes on imports, did not reduce prices for consumers (protection of big business from foreign competition)
- Federal income tax was introduced. Passed during Wilson’s Presidency.
William Howard Taft-Republican- Ballinger-Pinchot Affair 1909- Richard Ballinger, Sec
of the Interior sold coal rich government lands in Alaska to J.P. Morgan and Daniel Guggenheim. Gifford Pinchot, famous conservationist and Chief of the Forest Service cried foul-Taft fired him.
- Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1909-raised taxes on imports, did not reduce prices for consumers (protection of big business from foreign competition)
- Federal income tax was introduced. Passed during Wilson’s Presidency.
Amendment 16-Created a graduated income tax and allowed the federal government to tax citizens based on their income (Graduated/Progressive tax).
Amendment 16-Created a graduated income tax and allowed the federal government to tax citizens based on their income (Graduated/Progressive tax).
Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom
1902-President of Princeton University 1910-Democrat:Elected Governor of NJ 1912-Defeated Taft and T. Roosevelt
who divided the Republican party
1902-President of Princeton University 1910-Democrat:Elected Governor of NJ 1912-Defeated Taft and T. Roosevelt
who divided the Republican party
Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom
BUSINESS REFORM
Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914- strengthens the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
-companies could not acquire stock of another company to create a monopoly
-protected the rights of Unions to fight for worker protection
BUSINESS REFORM
Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914- strengthens the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
-companies could not acquire stock of another company to create a monopoly
-protected the rights of Unions to fight for worker protection
The Federal Trade Act-1914Created the Federal Trade
Commission(FTC)Designed to be a watchdog over
corporations: end unfair business practices and illegal activities. Violations would result in “cease and
desist” orders: 400 issued by the Wilson administration.
The Federal Trade Act-1914Created the Federal Trade
Commission(FTC)Designed to be a watchdog over
corporations: end unfair business practices and illegal activities. Violations would result in “cease and
desist” orders: 400 issued by the Wilson administration.
Economic ReformsEconomic Reforms Underwood Tariff
Reduced tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War-Over an 11% decrease
Favored by farmers and consumers/angered business who benefited from high tariffs
Underwood Tariff Reduced tariff rates for the first time since
the Civil War-Over an 11% decrease Favored by farmers and consumers/angered
business who benefited from high tariffs
•Federal Income Tax•16th Amendment-graduated income tax < 1%-$4,000 1%-7% max on incomes over $500,000
The Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve Act of 1914 Created a flexible new national currency Divided the nation into 12 districts Each district had a federal reserve
(emergency cash) bank with which all national banks in the district were affiliated
Federal Reserve Banks could transfer funds to member banks in trouble (protect the bank from closing and protect the customer’s cash.
System still exists-Fed may lend to any bank.
The Federal Reserve Act of 1914 Created a flexible new national currency Divided the nation into 12 districts Each district had a federal reserve
(emergency cash) bank with which all national banks in the district were affiliated
Federal Reserve Banks could transfer funds to member banks in trouble (protect the bank from closing and protect the customer’s cash.
System still exists-Fed may lend to any bank.
The Federal Reserve Bank The Federal Reserve Bank Created to control/regulate the money supply
To regulate the money supply (the amount of money in circulation), the Fed sets interest rates for Bank loans.
If the Fed wants to decrease the amount of $ in circulation they will raise interest rates causing less borrowing.- Too expensive to take a loan.
If the Fed wants to increase the amount of $ in circulation they will lower interest rates causing more borrowing-_cheap $__
Created to control/regulate the money supplyTo regulate the money supply (the amount of
money in circulation), the Fed sets interest rates for Bank loans.
If the Fed wants to decrease the amount of $ in circulation they will raise interest rates causing less borrowing.- Too expensive to take a loan.
If the Fed wants to increase the amount of $ in circulation they will lower interest rates causing more borrowing-_cheap $__
Failures of the Progressive Presidents
Failures of the Progressive Presidents
African AmericansJim Crow LawsSegregationLynching
Attempts at Reform-NAACP Booker T Washington W.E.B DuBois
African AmericansJim Crow LawsSegregationLynching
Attempts at Reform-NAACP Booker T Washington W.E.B DuBois