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Serving the fruit and vegetable growers of Eastern New York The Produce Pages
Dormancy in Tree Fruit Pruning Considerations BY ANN A WALL IS
Withharvestwrappedupandcoolertemperaturessettingin,itistimeforeveryonetohunkerdownforwinter,includingthetrees.Dormantpruningisthenextbigtaskintheorchard.Butpruningatthewrongtimecanleadtoinvigorationofyourtreesandwinterinjury.Hereissomeinformationtoconsiderbeforebreakingouttheloppers.
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December 2015
P A G E 2 N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 5
Contents
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
The Produce Pages Editor: Maire Ullrich, Vegetables Phone: 845‐344‐1234 Email: [email protected] Regular contributors: Vegetables Chuck Bornt Phone: 518‐859‐6213 Email: [email protected]
Amy Ivy Phone: 518‐561‐7450 Email: [email protected]
Teresa Rusinek Phone: 845‐691‐7117 Email: [email protected]
Crystal Stewart Phone: 518‐775‐0018 Email: [email protected]
Kevin Besler Phone: 845‐344‐1234 Email: [email protected]
Fruit Laura McDermott Phone: 518‐791‐5038 Email: [email protected] James O’Connell Phone: 845‐691‐7117 Email: [email protected]
Dan Donahue Phone: 845‐691‐7117 Email: [email protected]
Anna Wallis Phone: 518‐410‐6823 Email: [email protected]
Business and Marketing Jesse Strzok Phone: 518‐429‐1464 Email: [email protected]
Bob Weybright Phone: 518‐727‐6238 Email: [email protected]
Food Safety Erik Kocho‐Schellenberg Phone: 845‐3441234 Email: [email protected] The Produce Pages is a monthly publication of the Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program. For more information about the program, please visit our website at http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/.
Serving the Educational and Research Needs of the Commercial Small Fruit, Vegetable and Tree Fruit Industries in Albany, Clinton, Columbia, Dutchess, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Schenectady, Ulster, Warren and
Washington Counties
General Updates EPA Proposes Ban on Widely Used Pesticide .................. 4 FSMA Final Rule ............................................................ 9 Influencing Customers Throughout the Consumer Decision Making Process ........................................... 11
Vegetable Production Carrot Variety Trial Summary ...................................... 13
Berry & Grape Production Getting to Know Growers ............................................ 4 Broad Mites on Blackberries ........................................ 7 Winter Blankets Keep Grapes Warm .......................... 10
Tree Fruit Production Dormancy in Tree Fruit—Pruning Considerations ...... 1 Trunk Borer Management in Apples—Update .......... 5
Upcoming Events GAPs Training Agenda ................................................ 17 Agricultural and Food Business Outlook .................... 19
Calendar of Events ………………………….21
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
P A G E 3 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
DormancyRequirements
Duringthesummer,foliageonthetreesproducedcarbohydratesviaphotosynthesis,whichwasusedforshootandfruitgrowth.Somephotosynthatewasstoredinwoodytissueandwillbeusedtofuelbudburstandinitialvegetativegrowthinthespring.
Atthispointintheseason,thetreesareslowlyshuttingdownandgoingintoadormantperiod.Dormancyisusedtodescribetheperiodwheretreesare‘visiblyinactive,’growthceases,leavesareshed,andwinterbudsareformed.Itisasurvivalstrategyinwhichperennialplantsstopgrowingand‘shutdown’inordertowithstandcoldwintertemperatures.
Inappletrees,dormancyiscontrolledbytemperature.Thisisdifferentthansomeotherperennials,whichrespondtodaylengthaswellastemperature.Attheminimum,appletreesrequire1‐2weeksconsistentlybelow53F.Inastudytestingdormancyrequirementsofvariousrootstocks,“Plantsofcultivar‘M9’ceasedgrowingcompletely[whenkept]at6,9,and12°C(42,48,and53°F)[for]1to2weeks,formedwinterbuds,shedtheirleavesandapparentlywentdormant.”
Intheorchard,dormancyrequirementswillbedependentonmanyfactors,includingcultivar,rootstock,treesize,andstressduringthegrowingseason.Itwouldbesafertowaituntiltemperatureshavebeenconsistentlybelow50°Fforaboutamonth,toassumetreesarecompletelydormant.
Endo‐dormancyand‘ChillingRequirements’
Likeanybiologicalprocess,dormancyisnotblackandwhite.Itisagradualprocessthatinvolvesseveralstages(Figure1).Thetransitiontocompletedormancyiscalledeco‐dormancyoracclimation.Duringthistime,treesare‘dormant’duetounfavorablegrowingconditions.Theywillstillrespondtofavorablegrowingconditionsbyputtingoutnewgrowthinresponsetowarmertemperatures,andbudsarenotcompletelyhardy.
Thetermforcompletedormancy,whenthetreeisincompleterest,isendodormancyorwinterdormancy.Duringthisperiod,internalphysiologicalmechanismspreventgrowth,eveniftherearefavorablegrowthconditions(i.e.temperature,moisture,anddaylength).Treeswillnotbeabletoresumegrowthuntiltheyhavebeencoldforapredeterminedperiodoftime.Thisiscalledachillingrequirement,andisdifferentforeachspeciesandvariety(Figure2).Forexample, igsrequireverylittlechilling(lessthan400hours)whileapplechillingrequirementsrangefrom800to1650hours.Thehigherthechillingrequirement(numberof
hours)thelongertheplantwillstaydormant,andthemore‘hardy’itisconsidered.
Oncethechillingrequirementissatis ied,endodormancyisbroken.Treesre‐entereco‐dormancy,duringwhichtheywillrespondtoenvironmentalconditionsfavorabletogrowth.Warmspringtemperatures‘wakethemup,’andtheybegingrowingagain.
Pruningconsiderationsfor2015
Thisyear,wehaveexperiencedanexceptionallywarmfall.InPeru,weexperiencedtemperaturesinthemid50’sand60’sthroughoutOctober;intheHudsonValley,highswereinthe70’smorethanafewdays.Therefore,treesmaynotyetbecompletelydormant.Pruningtreesbeforetheyhavereachedendodormancymayinvigoratethem,preventingthemfrombecoming
F I G U R E 1
F I G U R E 2
P A G E 4 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
completelyhardy,potentiallyleadingtowinterinjury.
Thebesttimetopruneiswhentreesarecompletelydormant.Thisisespeciallytrueforyoungerplantingsandsmallertrees.Ifconditionsaresuitableforworkingoutdoors,itisrecommendedtobeginpruninginlateDecember,andevensaferinJanuary‐MarchoftheNewYear.IfyoudecidetobeginpruninginlateDecember,startwithyourlargesttreesasthesewillbethemosttoleranttothedeleteriouseffectsofwinterinjury.
Sources
Westwood,M.N.“Dormancy.”TemperateZonePomology:PhysiologyandCulture,3rdEdition.Portland:TimberPress,1993.Print.Heide,O.M.andA.K.Prestrud.“Lowtemperature,butnotphotoperiod,controlsgrowthcessationanddormancyinductionandreleaseinappleandpear.”TreePhysiology.25(2004):109‐114.
EPA Proposes Ban on Widely Used Insecticide KEVIN BESLER
TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)hassubmittedadocumenttotheFederalRegister(documentnumber2015‐28083)thatproposestorevokealltolerancesforinsecticidescontainingchlorpyrifosasanactiveingredient.Arevocationofalltolerancesmeansthatanyproductscontainingchlorpyrifoswouldbebannedfromuse.Notethatthisisaproposedrule,meaningthatchlorpyrifosinsecticidesarestilllegaltouseaslabeled;a inalrulingisnotexpecteduntilDecemberof2016. Chlorpyrifosisanorganophosphateinsecticidethatinhibitsthebreakdownofacetylcholine,whichisthechemicalthatmotorneuronswithinthenervoussystemreleaseinordertoactivatemuscles.Insectpeststhatareexposedtochlorpyrifosareunabletobreakdownacetylcholine,whichleadstoparalysisand,eventually,death.Chlorpyrifos‐containinginsecticidesareusedtocontrolinsectsandotherarthropodsinwarehouseandagriculturalsituations.InfruitandvegetableproductionitiscommonlysoldunderthetradenamesLorsban,Cobalt,andVulcanandcomesinavarietyofformulations.Theseinsecticidesarecommonlyusedonbrassicas,onions,grapes,stonefruits,apples,andstrawberries. IntheproposedruletheEPAstatedthat“theprimarysourceofriskcomesfromchlorpyrifosand
chlorpyrifosoxonindrinkingwaterinhighlyvulnerablewatersheds(generallysmallwatershedswherethelandisagriculturalandcouldbetreatedwithchlorpyrifos(i.e.,heavilycroppedareas)).However,asexplainedinthisproposedrule,someusesofchlorpyrifosdonotbythemselvespresentrisksofconcernfromeitherfoodordrinkingwaterandareonlyaconcernwhenaggregatedwithallexposurestochlorpyrifos.EPAthereforeinvitescommentsthataddresswhethersometolerancesorgroupsoftolerancescanberetained.” Afulldescriptionoftheproposedruleandjusti icationcanbefoundatwww.regulations.govbysearching“chlorpyrifos”orelectronicallybyfollowingthislink.TheEPAisacceptingcommentsnowthroughJanuary5,2016.Commentscanbesubmittedelectronicallythroughthewebsiteormailedto:OPPDocket,EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyDocketCenter(EPA/DC),(28221T),1200PennsylvaniaAve.NW.,Washington,DC20460‐0001.
Getting to Know Growers
Greetingsgrapegrowers!MynameisJimO’Connell.IamtheberryandgrapeeducatorforCornellCooperativeExtension’sEasternNewYorkCommercialHorticultureProgram,andIcovertheregionfromAlbanysouthtoPutnamCounty.Iknowhaven’thadtheopportunitytovisitallofyouyet,soinanefforttomeetmoreofyou,Iamplanningsometravelingpotluckdinners. Overthewinterandmaybeintoearlyspring,Iwanttosetupaseriesofeducationaldinnerswithyou.Iwanttogettoknowyouandyourfarms,anddiscussprogrammingneeds.Theirstofthesedinnersisplannedfor6pmonJanuary13,2015atStableGateWinery,locatedon10LindaWayinCastleton‐On‐Hudson,NY12033.ValerieFeldman,ownerandoperatorofStableGateWinerywillbeourhost. Furtherannouncementswithasignupsheetwillbesentoutinadvanceofthedinner.Inthemeantime,ifyouwouldlikemoreinformation,and/orifyouwouldliketohostadinner,pleasecontactme,JimO’Connell,viaphoneat845‐943‐[email protected].
P A G E 5 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Trunk Borer Management in Apples Update
PETER JENTSCH,
C O R N E L L H U D S O N V A L L E Y R E S E A R C H
L A B O R A T O R Y , H I G H L A N D , N Y
Inthearticletitled‘EPAProposesToBanChlorpyrifos’,(GrowingProduce;postedbyChris‐tinaHerrick),EPAhadbeenrequestedtorespondtoapetitionidentifyingChlorpyrifoslevelsfoundindrinkingwaterbyApril15th,2015.Thiscon‐cernwasraisedfromapetitionsubmittedbytheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC)andPesticideActionNetworkNorthAmerica(PANNA).Insteadofsubmittingaruling,EPAproposedatimelinetoallowforadditionaldataanalysistobestunderstandtheconcern.AsEPAwasunabletomakeasafety indingasrequiredundertheFed‐eralFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(FFDCA),andrequestedatimelineex‐tensiontoacquireadditionaldata,the9thCircuitrejectedEPA’stimelineandorderedEPAtoeitherdenythepetition,issueaproposedrevocation,orissueainalrevocationrulebyOct.31,2015.EPAwasrequiredtodosoandstat‐ed…”Therefore,asweareinformingthecourt,wehaveproposedtorevokeallchlorpyrifostolerancesbasedonthesci‐enceasitstands.”Issuingaproposedrevocationprovidesanopportunityforpublicinputpriortoany inaldecision.ThecourtalsorequiredEPAtoprovidethetimelinefora inalruleshouldEPAissueaproposedrevocationbyOct.31.EPAisnotifyingthecourtoftheantici‐patedreleaseofthe inalruleinDecem‐ber2016,”theagencysaid. AdmittedlyEPAstatedthatthereare“notrisksfromexposuretochlorpyrifosinfood”….”But,whenthoseexposuresarecombinedwithestimatedexposurefromdrinkingwaterincertainwatersheds,EPAcannotconcludethattheriskfromaggregateexposuremeetstheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmetic
Act(FFDCA)safetystandard.EPAhasdeterminedthatsafelevelsofchlorpyrifosmaybeexceededinpartsoftheU.S.forpeoplewhosedrinkingwaterisderivedfromsomesmallvulnerablewatershedswherechlorpyrifosisheavilyused.Ifthetoleranc‐esarerevoked,EPAwouldcanceltheassociatedfoodusesofchlorpyrifos,”theagencysaid. Althoughthesituationisfarfromresolved,iftherevocationstands,wheredoesthatleavethetreefruitindustrywithregardstotrunkborermanagement?Frommyobservationsinthe ieldthisseason,theborercomplexhasbecomeamajorthreattothetreefruitindustry.RecenttreedeclineleadingtothelossofhundredsofappletreesinHudsonValleyorchards,allonM.9rootstockintallspindleplantingsystems,pointtostressinducedbydogwoodborer(DWB)Synanthedonscitula(Harris),Americanplumborer(APB),Euzopherasemifuneralis(Walker),andinfestationsofanam‐brosiabeetle,theblackstemborer(BSB),Xylosan‐drusgermanus.Whencoupledwithdroughtstressthisseason,thesepestsappeartobetheprimary
Borer induced tree decline and collapse, Germantown, NY 2015
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P A G E 6 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
causalagentsofseveretreefruitdeclineanddeathinNY.Inveryfewincidenceshavewefoundsur‐veyedtreestohavesuccumbedtodeclinefromdroughtstressalone. Overthepast40years,theuseofaLorsbandirectedtrunkapplications,usingahighpressure,diluteandcoursesprays,effectivelycontrolthelarvaofDWBinfestingrootinginitials.RecentworkconductedbyDr.ArtAgnello(NYSAES,Ge‐neva,NY)providesdataonalternativeinsecticideactiveingredients,suggestingeffectivecontrolofDWBusingAssail30SGandRynaxypyrWG(APPLEEVALUATIONOFVARIOUSTRUNKSPRAYSTOCONTROLBORERSINFESTINGBURR‐KNOTS,2006:Agnello&Kain). FromearlyresultsinmanagingtheBSB(Breth;2014),Lorsbanhasalsoprovidedthemosteffectivelevelofcontroltoreduceinfestationandre‐infestationfromthispestinyoungappleondwar ingrootstocks. AlternativeoptionsformanagementofDWBwouldincludematingdisruptioninblocksof5acresormore.TheIsomateproductformatingdisruptionofdogwoodboreronappleisnowla‐beledandavailable.ThemanufacturerisCBC(America)Corp.WorkconductedbyDaveKainandArtAgnellousingthisproductin ieldtrialshasshownthisapproachtobeaviableapproachtoDWBmanagement. Inorchardswherethereareactiveinfesta‐tions,oneormoredirectedinsecticideapplica‐tionswillneedtobemadeduringthe irstseasonusingmatingdisruptiontobringborerlarvaundercontrol.AsAssail30SGispresentlylabeledforDWBmanagementintrunkapplications,itwouldworkasaLorsbanreplacementbasediftheEPAproposaltorevokethefoodtoleranceonLorsbanstands.
“Estimatedcostsofapplyingchlorpyrifos(Lorsban4E)basedonaplantdensityof800treesperacre,$8perhourforlaborandapriceof$30pergallonforLorsban4E,areapproximately$25peracre.TreatmentwithIsomate‐DWBdispens‐ersatarateof150peracrethe irstseason,fol‐lowedby100peracrethereafter,usingthesamelaborrate,costsapproximately$63.60peracreforthe irstseasonand$42.40peracreinsubsequentseasons.Assumingthattheef icacyofIsomate‐DWBisequalorsuperiortothatofIsomate‐LPTB,thentheeasewithwhichpheromonedispensersareapplied,thefactthatnospecialequipmentisneededand,presumably,theimprovedworkersafety,maymaketheuseofthisproductanattrac‐tivealternativeforsomegrowers”(Kain&Agnel‐lo).
Black Stem Borer Gallery Entrances
2015 Cornell Pest Management Guidelines for Tree Fruit Production * Restricted Use Pesticide
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P A G E 7 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Broad Mites on Blackberries WRITTEN BY K . DEMCHAK,
P E N N S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y A N D D . J O H N -
S O N , U . O F A R K A N S A S
S O U R C E : P E N N S T A T E E X T E N S I O N N E W S ,
1 0 / 2 9 / 1 5
Editors’Note:Broadmiteshavebeenseenforyearsongreenhousecrops,butlatelyhavebecomeprob‐lemson ieldpeppersineasternNY.Acloserelative,cyclamenmite,areaprobleminJunebearingstrawberries.Wehaveyettoseetheminblackber‐ries,butthisarticlehelpsusunderstandthatthereisaprogressionandthatweshouldbelookingforthem. Broadmite(Polyphagotarsonemusla‐tus)hasbeenapestoftropical,subtropicalandgreenhousecropsforoveracentury,andhasbeenproblematicforpeppergrowersinPAandforthelastcoupleofyears.Nowwecanaddblackberriestothelistofcropsthattheyfrequent.InPA,we irstfoundbroadmitesonblackber‐riesin2013.In2015,wefoundthattheycancontributetoanearlytotalcroplossonpri‐mocane‐fruitingblackberries.Ontheseplants,bacterialissuesarepartoftheproblemwith
symptomssimilartothosefrom ireblight(tissuebrowninganddeath)present.Atthispoint,wedon’tknowwhetherthetwoissuesjusthappentobepresentatthesametime,whetherinjurybythemitesmaybecontributingtotissuesusceptibilitytobacterialinfection,orwhetherotherinterac‐tionsarecomingintoplay.InArkansasandNorthCarolina,researchersbeganexperiencingprob‐lemswithbroadmitesonprimocane‐fruitingblackberriesin2006andacommercialgrowerhashadproblemssince2014.Typicaldamagefrombroadmitesistissuedistor‐tion,reducedterminalleafgrowth,eitherdown‐wardorupwardcurlingorcuppingofleaves(Photo1)and lowerclustersthatappearcom‐pressed(Photo2)orblossomsthatdryup.Symp‐
Photo 1: Leaf distortion and cupping of blackberry leaves infested by broad mites. Photo credit: Donn Johnson, Univ. of Arkansas
Photo 2: Infested blackberry terminal growth showing upward leaf cupping and compression of flower cluster. Photo credit: Kathy Demchak, Penn State Univ.
Photo 3: Greatly-magnified young blackberry fruit with broad mite female (right) and eggs (left of center). Photo credit: Sara May, Penn State Univ.
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P A G E 8 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
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tomson lowerclustersmaynotshowupuntilthesecondyearofinfestation.Broadmitesbuilduptohundredsperlea letonyoungerterminalleaves.Thesemitesareverytiny‐lessthan0.2mm(about1/100thofaninch)asaretheirdistinctiveeggsdottedwithwhitespots(Photo3).Thesemitesaredif iculttoseeevenwitha16Xhandlens.Becauseofthesmallsizesofbroadmitesandtheeggs,symptomsofleafcurlinganddyingterminalfoliage(Photo4)and lowerclustersareallthatagrowerislikelytonotice.Withcitrus,themitesarefoundindepressionsonthefruitwherethefemaleslaytheireggs,andasisevidencedbythenumberofmitesandeggsonayoungblackberryfruit(Photo5),itappearsthatblackberriesprovideasimilarlydesirablefruitsur‐face. Atthispoint,wemainlywanttomakegrow‐ersawareofthispotentialproblemincasetheyhaveseensimilarsymptoms(eitherterminalleafand lowerdistortionorsymptomssimilarto ireblight),especiallyiftheyaregrowingprimocane‐fruitingblackberriesinthe ieldorhightunnels.We’renotsureexactlywhyweareseeingthisnewmitepestonblackberryatthistimeorwhereitcamefrom.Perhapsthispestisbetterabletosur‐
viveinmoremildwintertemperatures,bothintheieldandinhightunnels.Inbothinstanceswherebroadmiteswereprob‐lematicinPA,theblackberriesweregrowninhightunnels,buttheyareonesfromwhichthecoversareremovedforthewinter.Sincethetunnelcli‐mateisgenerallyconducivetoincreasedmitepop‐ulations,theirnumbersmayhaveincreased,re‐gardlessofwhetherthecoverwasremovedforthewinterornot.Interestingly,thereissomeevidencethattheymaybeabletogainmobilitybyattachingthemselvestowhite lies.So,whatcanonedotocontrolbroadmiteinfesta‐tions?First,keepwatchforthem,andifyounoticejustaplantortwoexhibitingsuspicioussymptoms,rogueitoutalongwithacoupleofplantstoeachsideofit.Itappearsthatitispossibletoholdtheproblematbay,orslowitdowngreatlybyutilizingthissimplepractice.Practicessimilartothosethatwouldassistwithcontrollingtwo‐spottedmites(conservingnaturalenemies,releasingpredatorymitesearlyenoughandattimingsthatwouldallowthemtoestablishintheplanting,andavoidinguseofbroad‐spectruminsecticides)maybebene icial,thoughthereiscurrentlyverylittleinformationinthisarea.
Photo 4: Terminal dieback of blackberry plant resulting from broad mite infestation. Photo credit: Donn Johnson, Univ. of Arkansas
Photo 5: Young blackberry fruit with numerous broad mite eggs and adults. Photo credit: Tim Gleason, Penn State Univ.
P A G E 9 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Fewmiticidesarelabeledforuseonblackberriesatthistime,resistancedevelopmentisahugecon‐cern,andef icacydataissomewhatlimited,sowewillneedtodosomeworkbeforemakingrecom‐mendationsonmiticideusage.Staytunedformorenewsonthisfront.Acknowledgement:ThankstoSaraMayatPennState’sPlantDiseaseClinicforassistanceindiag‐nosingthisprobleminPennsylvania.AdditionalReading/References:Fasulo,T.R.2000,revisedAugust2010.BroadMite.FeaturedCreatures,Univ.ofFlorida.Johnson,D.2014.BroadMitesDamagingBlackber‐ries.ArkansasFruitandNutNews,Vol.4,Issue7,Sept.5,2014.
Johnson,D.2015.DoYouHaveBroadMitesonBlackberry?ArkansasFruitandNutNews,Vol.5,Issue5,June8,2015.
Myers,M.andBogash,S.2015.BroadMitesinFruitingVegetables.PennStateExtension,postedJune22,2015.
UniversityofCaliforniaIPMPestManagementGuidelines:Citrus,BroadMite.Updated2015.UCANRPublication3441.
FSMA Final Rule ERIK SCHELLE NBERG
TheFoodSafetyModernizationActisnowintheFederalRegister,andwillgointoeffectinthenext60days.The irstthingtoknowaboutitisthatevennon‐exemptfarmsdon’thavetocomplyimmediately.ThesoonestthatanyfarmneedstobeincompliancewiththeProduceRuleistwoyearsfromnow.Thatisforfarmsthatgrossover$500,000orotherwisedonotqualifyforaconditionalexemption.Farmsmakingbe‐tween$250,000and$500,000willhavethreeyears,andfarmsmakingbetween$25,000and$250,000willhavefouryears.Allincomebracketswillhaveanaddi‐tionaltwoyearstocomplywithcertainrequirementspertainingtotheuseofagriculturalwater. TheProduceRuleis801pageslong,soyoucanimaginethatitwilltakesometimeforCornellExten‐siontodigestitanddeliverthekeypointsinasumma‐rizedformsofarmscanbegintheworkneededtocom‐plywiththeRule.WewillbeginofferingtherequiredFSMAonedayfoodsafetytrainingcourseinJanuary2016.WehavebeenpreparingforthisalongwiththeProduceSafetyAllianceforquiteawhile,andthecur‐riculumofthecourseisalready inalizedandtwotrain‐the‐trainercourseshavebeengiven.Therewillbemanyoptionstogettherequiredtraining,astheFDAwillapproveothercurriculumsandotherorganiza‐tionswillalsobeofferingapprovedcerti icatetrain‐ings. Thefoodsafetycerti icatewillcoverthebasicsofonfarmfoodsafety,andtherequirementsofthelawwithaneyetowardsthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenFSMAandGAPS.ItisimportanttoknowthatGAPScerti icationdoesnotexemptyoufromattendingtheFSMAfoodsafetycerti icatetraining.IfyoualreadyhaveaGAPScerti icate,thismaybeanopportunitytosendadifferentemployeefromthefarmsothatmoreofthefarmmanagementknowstheropesaboutfoodsafety,andtheycanbringbacktheinformationregard‐inganyadditionalworkthatmustbedonetocomplywithFSMA. Datesandtimesforthecourseshaveyettobedetermined,aswewillbecoordinatingstate‐widetoofferthebestcoverage.Staytunedforfoodsafetynewsbecausetheremaybesigni icantchangesthatyouneedtomakeonyourfarmstocomplywithFSMA.WewillbeprovidingallthenecessaryeducationalmaterialsandquestionansweringtomakesurethatyoucancomplywiththeRulewith‐inthetimeframeslistedabove.
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P A G E 1 0 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Winter Blankets Keep Grapes Warm J IM O’CONNELL
Winterblanketsaren’tjustforpeopletobundleupwithnexttothe ireplaceanymore.Nowgrapegrowersareusingthemtoprotectsensitivevarietiesfromwinterinjury.Whiletheblanketspeopleusetostaywarmduringthewinterareof‐tencottonorwoolblendswithcolorfulpatterns,theseblanketsareconstructedofawhitenon‐wovenpolyesterfabricandarecalledfrostblan‐kets. Similarto loatingrowcoversusedinstraw‐berryproduction,thesefrostblanketsworkbytrappingheatandmaintainingawarmertempera‐tureundercoverthanthesurroundingambientairtemperature.PreviousresearchdoneinQuebec,Canadareportedsuccesswiththeseblankets,maintainingtemperaturesat0Forabove. Thisfall/winter,Iamdoingsomeprelimi‐naryworkatanewlyplantedvineyardinDutchessCounty.Thefrostblanketswillbetestedontwovitisviniferacultivars:MerlotandChardonnay.Am‐bientairtemperaturesandtemperaturesunderthefrostblanketswillberecordedusingibuttondataloggers.Asacomparisontothefrostblankets,somerowsofviniferawillbeburiedunderwoodchipsandwillbesimilarlymonitoredfortempera‐tures.Becausethevinesaresoyoung,budmortali‐tywillnotbecollected.FinalpreliminaryresultswillbereportedintheseasonalENYCHPgrapenewsletter.
GRAPES OF THE HUDSON VALLEY
and Other Cool Climate Regions of the United States and Canada
By J. Stephen Casscles
Softcover: 8"x10"
272 pages with photographs and illustrations Color photo insert
ISBN: 978-0-9825208-3-3
US $ 29.99 This easy-to-use reference guide contains
descriptions of more than 150 hybrid varie-ties. The author, Joseph Casscles, has been a Hudson Valley grape grower and
winemaker for more than 30 years.
For media inquiries, book requests, please contact:
Linda Pierro | 917-318-0562 | [email protected]
To Buy or Not to Buy:
Influencing Customers throughout the
Consumer Decision Making Process
DEBRA WOOD P EROSIO
C H A R L E S H . D Y S O N S C H O O L O F A P P L I E D
E C O N O M I C S A N D M A N A G E M E N T
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y
Haveyoueverwalkeddownthestreetandsmelledaburgerbeingcharcoalgrilled?Orhowaboutwhenyouareinasupermarketandyousmellbreadbaking?Allofasuddenthecravingsstart,andbeforeyouknowit,afreshloafofbreadisinyourshoppingcart!Howdothesearomascre‐atesuchastrongurgewhenjustafewminutesearlieryouhadnointentionofpurchasingfreshbread?
Consumerbehaviorisadisciplinethathelpstoexplainwhypeoplebuywhattheybuy.Itisimportantformarketerstounderstandconsum‐erbehavior,sotheycanin luencetheirtargetmar‐ketthroughouttheconsumerdecisionmakingprocess.Speci icexamplesofstrategiesamarketermightconsidertoin luenceacustomer’spurchasedecisionareoutlinedbelow.
Thediagrambelowillustratestheconsum‐erbuyingprocess.
ProblemrecognitionAproblemisrecognizedwhenaconsumer
experiencesanimbalancebetweentheirpresentandpreferredstate.Typicallysometypeofstimu‐lustriggersthisimbalance…maybethatchargrilledsmelloranadvertisementforanewrestaurant.Certainlyafrozencomputerorakneeinjurycancreateaproblemthatbegsforimmediateatten‐tion.Many“imbalances”arecreatedbymarketersthroughtheirpromotionaleffortsandcanoccurateverystepintheconsumerdecisionmakingpro‐cess.
Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:Creat‐
inganImbalance Createirresistiblearomas Positionaproducttomakeitcool…createan
imagesothatconsumersthinktheycan’tlivewithoutit…Appledoesagreatjobwiththis!
Focusyourdiscussionaroundsafety…thinkaboutADTadsandLifeAlertAds
“Health”isanexcellentfocusareaofpromo‐tionalefforts….productsthatpromotebetterhealtharepopularwithconsumerstoday
Appealtoconsumers’senseofself,lifestyleandtheiraspirations.Kashidoesagreatjobofap‐pealingtoconsumerswhoseethemselvesashealthypeoplewholoveadventureandtheoutdoors
InformationsearchDependingonthemagnitudeoftheimbalanceaconsumermayneedtoinitiateaninformationsearch.Followingthearomaoftheburgerdownthestreetisasimplesearchwhile ixingacomput‐er,seekingmedicaladviceorlearningmoreabouttheAppleWatchsuggestsamorecomplextimeintensiveinformationsearchiswarranted.
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Informationsearchesaremorecomplexandlengthywhentheconsequencesofthepur‐chaseholdgreatimportancetotheconsumer.Iftheburgeryouarechasingdowndoesn’tturnouttobedelicious,it’snobigdeal;however,ifthedoc‐toryouselectforyourkneeinjuryislessthancom‐petent,theconsequencescanbeserious.
Verysimpleinformationsearchesaredone“internally.”Youthinkaboutwhichrestaurantsareinthearea,makeadecision,andyou’redone.Oth‐er,morecomplexsearchesrequirean“external”informationsearchutilizingwebsites,brochures,advertisements,magazines,etc.toprovidethein‐formationnecessarytomakeaninformeddecision.Theseexternalinformationsourcesarewheremarketerscanin luencetheirtargetmarket.
Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:In lu‐
encingtheinformationsearch Makesureinformationaboutyourbusinessis
“everywhere”thatconsumersareandonevery“screen.”Ifaconsumerneedsinformationaboutanewcomputeroranorthopedicsur‐geon,theinformationshouldbeeasilyavailableandavailableinmanyforms.Toomanyclicks,awebpagethatwillnotload,ornowebsiteatallwilldeterpotentialcustomers.Ifyouarepro‐motingarestaurant,makesurethemenuiseasytoaccessonmobiledevices,computersandtablets.
Ifyouhaveasmalllocalbusiness,post lyersinpublicplaceslikethepostof iceorgrocerystore.Putthe lyerswhereyourcustomerswillbe!
Don’tbeafraidtoadvertisethe“oldfashionway”withprintads, lyers,brochuresandtear‐offsheets.Dependingonyourtargetaudienceandthetypeofproductorserviceoffered,a ly‐ermaybemoreeffectivethanacomplexsocialmediacampaignoranexpensiveadinalocalnewspaper.
EvaluateAlternativesAstheinformationsearchevolves,alistofalterna‐tivesisgenerated.Sometimesthelistisshortandsimple…I’llfollowthesmelltotheburger,whileothertimesitislongerandmorecomplex.Ascon‐
sumerssiftthroughalternativestheytendtorankorderthem;thosewiththeattributesthataremostimportantrisetothetopofthelist.Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:In luenc‐ingcustomerrankings Itiscriticalthatconsumersunderstandwhat
makesyourproductorserviceunique.Whatev‐erthatuniquefeatureisshouldbethefocalpointofallpromotionalefforts.ThinkaboutVolvo(safety),Wal‐Mart(price),Wegmans(fresh).Thestrongerthepositioning,thebetterchancethatyourtargetmarketwillrecognizeyourproductandplaceitatthetopofthelist!
Purchase
Afteranimbalancehasbeencreated,aninfor‐mationsearchconducted,andthealternativeshavebeenevaluated,apurchasedecisionfollows.Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:Closingthesale Oneofthemosteffectivewaysto“closethe
sale”isbyofferingsometypeofpromotionordiscountthatenticesconsumerstotaketheplunge.Formany,everydayconsumerproductsorlowrisk/lowpricepurchases,adiscountorincentivewillconvertaconsumer’sinterestin‐toapurchase.
Formorecomplex,highrisk/highpricepur‐chases,personalinteractionwiththeconsumerisimportanttohelpclosethedeal.Apleasantconversationwiththeadministratorsettingupyourappointmentwithanorthopedicsurgeonmayhelpaconsumerfeelcomfortablewiththeirchoice.
PostPurchaseEvaluationDidyouevergetaproducthomeandwonderwhatwereyouthinkingwhenyoupurchasedit?Buyer’sremorseisnotuncommonparticularlywhendeal‐ingwithmorecostlypurchases. Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:Minimizingbuyer’sremorse Thebestwaytokeepyourcustomershappy
evenafterthesaleiswithfollow‐uppost‐
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purchaseactions,especiallyformorecostly/riskypurchases.Aphonecall,email,orletterworksgreat.
Keepcustomersinvolvedwiththecompanyaf‐terthepurchasewithsocialmedia…enticethemto“like”or“follow”youonFacebookortwitter.
Offerincentivesonfuturepurchases.
Therearemanyplacesthroughoutthecon‐sumerdecisionmakingprocessthatmarketerscaninterveneand“nudge”peopletowardtheirprod‐uctsorservices.Thisshouldbeanall‐outeffortwithastrategicplaninplacethatin luencescus‐tomersduringeachstepoftheconsumerdecisionmakingprocess.Hopefullywithagreatplaninplace,moresaleswillbeclosed!
DebraWoodPerosioisaSeniorLecturerintheCharles
H.DysonSchoolofAppliedEconomicsandManagementatCor‐nellUniversity.Shecanbereachedat:[email protected]“SmartMarketing”isamarketingnewsletterforextensionpublicationinlocalnewsletters.Pastarticlesareavailableathttp://agribusiness.dyson.cornell.edu/SmartMarketing/index.html.
Carrot Variety Trial Summary - 2015 CRYSTAL STEWART
Keyconclusions:Therearesigni icantdifferencesinyield,qualityandmarketabilityofcommerciallyavailablecarrots,withsomeofthenewervarie‐tiesprovidingclearimprovementsoveroldstand‐ards.Introduction:FreshmarketgrowersinEasternNewYorkhavebeenaskingforanevaluationofavailablecarrotvarietiesformanyyears,inpartduetoanincreaseinfoliardiseaseproblemsonmanyfarmsandinpartduetodemandforthenexthighyielding,highqualityroot.Anassessmentof31currentlyavailablevarietieshelpedtostartansweringthisquestion,whilealsoleadingtoaddi‐tionalquestionsabouthowtogrowabettercarrotonavarietyofsoiltypes.Background:ThecarrotvarietytrialwasplantedattheHudsonValleyFarmHubinHurley,NYonJune26th.Thetrialwasplantedwithnon‐pelletizedseedusinganOlimpiaGaspardovacuumprecisionplanteratarateof30seedsperfootinatwo‐inchband.Thetrialwasgrownorganically,withopti‐mumfertilityandfairlygoodweedcontrol.CarrotswereharvestedonSeptember25th.Three,twenty‐footsamplesofeachvarietywereusedforevalua‐tion.Results:Thecarrotsvarieddramaticallyintheiryield,withsomeofthenewvarietiesleadingtheieldandsomeoldervarietieshavingthelowestyields.Thisinformationisshowngraphicallybe‐low,witherrorbarsindicatingwhichcarrotsarestatisticallydifferentfromeachother.Ifagraphline(blue)doesnotoverlapwiththeerrorbarsaroundit,thecarrotyieldsarestatisticallydiffer‐ent.Barswhichoverlaparenumericallybutnotstatisticallydifferent.
ENY COMMERCIAL
HORTICULTURE
UPCOMING WINTER
LOCAL PROGRAMS
February15,2016.
NortheastNYTreeFruitSchool.LakeGeorge,NY.
February16‐17,2016.
HudsonValleyFruitSchool–TreeFruitSessions.
February18,2016.
HudsonValleyFruitSchool–BerryandGrapesession.
New Dates Added Regularly at:
http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/
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0
5
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WEIGHT (LBS)
VARIETIES
Mean weight of carrot varieties in a 20‐foot sample
Inadditiontototalyield,wealsomeasuredthepercentofeachvarietythatwasmarketable,andextrapolatedyieldstoo100‐footandone‐acre.Theseextrapolationsarebasedontheyieldpickedfromthethreetwentyfootsections.TableOneshowsthesenumbers,withvarietiesrankedfromhighestmarketableyieldtolowest. Therewerealsomanyqualitativediffer‐encesbetweenthevarieties,includingnotabledif‐ferencesinAlternariasusceptibilityofthefoliage.Thebesttopsincludedsomeofthetopyieldingva‐rietiessuchasEnvy,Magnum,Naval,andGold in‐ger( igure1).OlderstandardssuchasScarletNantes,CorelessAmsterdam,andMokumdidnotfareaswellwithAlternariaresistanceoryield,nordidsomenewarrivalssuchasSiroccoorNevis.Tasteisofcourseakeywhenconsideringvarieties,andgrowersratedthisqualityduringatwilightmeetingwherewelookedatthetrial.Thefavored
varietywasBaltimore,withEnvyandJulianaalsobeingfavorites.
Anotherqualitywhichwasevaluatedcare‐fullyduringthistrialwassusceptibilitytocrack‐ing.Thisplotwasnotirrigated,andprecipitationwasquitevariableduringthisgrowingseason.Af‐teraboutamonthofdryweather,wereceivedasaturatingrainfall.Theseconditionsarenotidealforgrowingcarrotsbutareidealforshowingwhichvarietieswillholdupduringchallengingconditions.Someofthesamefavoritesrosetothetop,whilevarietiessuchasScarletNantes,Bel‐grado(aprocessingcarrot),andJulianahadsigni i‐cantcullsduetocracking(Figure2).Notablythisisanissuewhichmightberesolvedbycarefulirri‐gationmanagement.
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Variety % Marketable Total yield (lb) in 60' Yield/100'
Yield per acre at 17200 row feet/
acre
Envy 78% 99.7 166 28,566
Cupal 78% 65.7 110 18,834
Goldfinger 78% 78.7 131 22,561
Carson 75% 71.9 120 20,611
Vitana 74% 76.0 127 21,787
Nelson 73% 56.6 94 16,225
Romance 73% 77.5 129 22,217
Navarino 72% 62.7 105 17,974
Miami 71% 63.4 106 18,175
Nelson 70% 69.1 115 19,809
Magnum 70% 83.5 139 23,937
Baltimore 69% 48.7 81 13,946
Crofton 67% 35.3 59 10,119
Rainbow 66% 53.6 89 15,365
Berlin 66% 67.1 112 19,235
Naval 66% 80.3 134 23,019
Norwalk 65% 34.4 57 9,861
Belgrado 64% 80.1 133 22,948
SV2384DL 62% 74.7 125 21,417
Napoli 62% 75.3 125 21,572
Ingot 60% 69.7 116 19,981
Mokum 60% 44.9 75 12,871
Siroco 59% 32.4 54 9,288
Nerja 59% 48.7 81 13,961
Bejo 2976 58% 31.4 52 9,001
Juliana 57% 69.6 116 19,938
White Satin 55% 63.6 106 18,232
Newhall 52% 47.0 78 13,473
Nayarit 50% 51.1 85 14,649
Nevis 48% 32.0 53 9,173
Coreless Am-sterdam 44% 41.9 70 12,011
Scarlett Nantes 39% 27.8 46 7,969
Figure 1: Varieties with good tops.
Images: Anne Bloomfield, HVFH
Table One: Varieties ranked by marketable yield
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Conclusions:NewervarietiessuchasEnvy,Mag‐num,Naval,andGold ingershowpromiseinre‐placingoldervarietiessuchasCorelessAmster‐dam,Mokum,andScarletNantes.Carefulselectionfromavailablenewvarietiescanyieldcarrotswhicharesmooth,straight,good‐tasting,andhavequalitytops.Aswithanytrial,growersshouldre‐memberthatvarietiescouldrespondverydiffer‐entlyontheirsoilsandintheirmicroclimate.Wealwaysrecommenddoingyourowntrialingtocomparecurrentvarietiestonewonesineachuniquesystem. Inordertoseepicturesofeachofthevarie‐tiesgrowninthistrial,visitourwebsiteathttp://enych.cce.cornell.edu/andclickonthecarrotstab.Ifyouhavespeci icquestions,[email protected].
Additionalresearchquestions:Thistrialcreatedabroadbasefromwhichtoevaluateavarietyoffresh‐marketcarrotvarietiesofbothImperatorandNanteslineage.Anotheryearoftrialdatawillhelpdetermineiftheresultsobservedthisyearweretypicalforeachvariety.Additionally,replicat‐ingthetrialwithirrigationwillalsoprovideusefulinformationabouthoweachvarietyperformsun‐deridealconditions. Thequestionofhowridgecultivationaffectsdeep‐rootedcropsstillremainsfollowingthistrial.Comparing latground,raised‐bedandridgeculti‐vationforgerminationrates,marketableyield,andoverallqualityisanotheravenueforfuturere‐search.ThisresearchwasfundedinpartthroughagrantfromtheNewWorldFoundation.ManythanksforthesupportoftheFarmHubcrewformaintainingtheresearchplotsandassistingwith
Figure 2: Carrot varieties showing susceptibility to
cracking.
Images: Anne Bloomfield, HVFH
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Farm Food Safety Training with GAPs
A Produce Safety Workshop DECEMB ER 14 - 1 5
8 :30 AM – 4PM
CCE OR ANGE C OUNTY
18 SEWARD AVENUE, MI DDLETOWN, NY, 10940
Co‐sponsoredby:CornellCooperativeExtensionOrangeandUlsterCounties,CornellUniversity‐TheNationalGAPsProgram&TheProduceSafetyAlliance,andTheLocalEconomiesProjectofTheNewWorldFoundation.Goalsofthisworkshop: UnderstandhowGAPs(GoodAgriculturalPractices)impactproducesafetyonyourfarm Learnwhatisneededtoparticipateina3rdpartyaudit Beginwritingafarmfoodsafetyplantoimplementpractices
Day 1: Agenda
8:30amRegistration,Refreshments,WelcomeandIntroductions,introductiontoLocalEconomiesProject
8:45am FoodSafetyBeginsontheFarm:ReviewofProduceSafetyIssues&MarketImplica‐
tions 9:30am IntroductiontoBuyerRequirements,3rdPartyAudits,andRegulations 9:50am Break 10:10am USDAGAPsAudits:AnOverview,NYSDAM 11:10am GAPs:RecordkeepingandWorkerTraining 11:40amGAPs:Traceability&Transportation 12:15pm Lunch 1:00pm GAPs:ProductionWaterManagement 1:45pm GAPs:PostharvestWaterUse&PackinghouseSanitation 2:30pm Break 2:45pm GAPs:Manure,Compost,andWildlifeManagement 3:05pm RegulatoryUpdates:FSMA&TheProposedProduceRule 3:30pm DevelopingaFarmFoodSafetyPlan
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3:45pm WhattoExpectinDay2,WhattoBring,BagofResources,andEvaluations
4:00 pm Adjourn
Day 2 Agenda: Writing Your Own Farm Food Safety Plan 8:30 am Computer set up and check of software 9:00 am Walk through of USB drive materials 9:30 am Begin working on individual farm food safety plans 10:00 am Continue working on your own farm food safety plan (Breaks as needed) 11:30 am Discussion: How is it going? (Time as long as needed) Noon Lunch 12:45 pm Continue working on your own farm food safety plan (Breaks as needed) 2:30 pm Reach a stopping point on your plan 2:45 pm Wrap up and Course Evaluation 3:00 pm Adjourn Bring the following items with you on day 2 of the workshop
Laptop computer unless you reserved one of ours in advance
A list of crops you want to be certified in (if planning to participate in an audit)
Farm maps with fields outlined
If you have a packinghouse, bring a packinghouse floor plan that shows product flow from the time it enters the
packinghouse until it leaves. Can be hand drawn and simple.
A list of services you have contracted. This may include pest control, portable toilet rental/servicing, trucking/
transportation, etc. and any recordkeeping documents they supply.
Lots of questions!
Participants will be provided with:
A flash drive pre-loaded with templates to use in writing your own farm food safety plan including templates of
recordkeeping forms
Bag of Resources: Farm Worker Training CD, A Grower Self Assessment for Food Safety Risks, Posters, Magnets,
Coloring Book, and Photonovellas
Sign Up for this GAPs training Contact Erik Schellenberg at jk2642@ cornell.edu or call 845-344-1234
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Calendar of EventsDecember8‐10,2015.GreatLakesFruit,Vegeta‐ble,andFarmMarketEXPOandMichiganGreen‐houseGrowersExpo.http://www.glexpo.com/# December15‐17,2015.NewEnglandVegetableandFruitConference.http://www.newenglandvfc.org/ January7‐9,2016.NorthAmericanStrawberryGrowersConference,Savannah,Georgia.Heldincon‐junctionwiththeSoutheastRegionalFruitandVegetableCon‐ference.http://www.seregionalconference.com/ January19‐21,2016.EmpireStateProducersEXPO.Syracuse,NY.http://nysvga.org/expo/information/February2‐4,2016.Mid‐AtlanticFruitandVege‐tableConvention,Hershey,PA.http://www.mafvc.org/February9‐11,2016.NJAgriculturalConventionandTradeShow,AtlanticCity,NJ.http://www.njveggies.org/conventionMarch2‐4,2016.NorthAmericanRaspberryandBlackberryConference,ColonialWilliamsburginWilliamsburg,VA.http://www.raspberryblackberry.com/
ENY COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE LOCAL PROGRAMS
February15,2016.NortheastNYTreeFruitSchool.LakeGeorge,NY.February16‐17,2016.HudsonValleyFruitSchool–TreeFruitSessions.February18,2016.HudsonValleyFruitSchool–BerryandGrapesession.
New Dates Added Regularly at: http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/
2016 Enrollment for ENYCHP
Commences in December! The Cornell Cooperative Extension Eastern NY Commer-cial Horticulture Program (ENYCHP) covers 17 counties in eastern NY (Albany, Clinton, Columbia, Dutchess, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Schenectady, Ulster, Warren and Washington Counties). The ENYCHP consists of 13 spe-cialists that provide research and educational information to the growers and others involved in the tree fruit, small fruit, vegetable and grape industries. The specialists work closely with Cornell University faculty and other industry staff to provide growers with the most up to date produc-tion, marketing and pest management information in the region. YouareinvitedtoenrollintheENYCHProgramfor2016.Thecosttoenrollis$100for1year(taxde‐ductiblebusinessexpense)andcoincideswiththenewcalendaryearstartingJanuary1.Belowareafewofthebene itsyouwillreceiveforyour$100enrollmentintheENYCHP: 1freeCornellUniversityCommercialIntegrat‐
edPestManagementGuidelines Yourchoiceof4seasonalnewsletters TheProducePages—theENYCHPwinternews‐
letterpublication AccesstocuttingedgeresearchandExtension
Educatorswithexperienceandexpertiseintheir ield
Localandregionalmeetingannouncements Discountedeventregistrationforenrolled
ENYCHPmembers(whenapplicable) NYSDECpesticideapplicatorandspecialper‐
mittrainingsoffered Special,timelyalertsonimportantpestsout‐
breaksinthearea
Look for enrollment forms in the mail and through your email. On-line enrollment will be available in early Decem-ber. Orange County participants should enroll through their CCE at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.cce.cornell.edu/attachments/11754/Ag_enrollment_2015_legal.pdf?1447185740 Thank you for your support!
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Cornell Cooperative Extension and the staff assume no liability for the effectiveness of results of any chemicals for pesticide use. No endorsement of any product is made or implied. Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete, and current pesticide recommendations. Nevertheless, changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are still possible. These recommendations are not substitutes for pesticide labeling. Please read the label before applying any pesticide. Where trade names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied by Cornell Cooperative Extension.
Diversity and Inclusion are a part of Cornell University’s heritage. We are a recognized employer and educator valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities.
The Cooperative Extension Association of Rensselaer County Agriculture and Life Sciences Building 61 State Street, Troy, NY 12180
Non‐Profit U.S. Postage Paid
Albany, NY Permit #937
AGRICULTURAL & FOOD BUSINESS OUTLOOK CONFERENCE WEDNES DAY, JANUARY 20 , 2016
B25 WARREN HALL ,CORNELL U NIVERSITY CAMPUS, ITHACA, NY New York agricultural leaders learn about the short‐and long‐term outlook for agriculture and agricultural products. Breakout
sessions concentrate on dairy, grains and feed, and hor cultural products. By a ending, you will:
Be er understand cri cal issues facing agriculture in New York and the Northeast Learn about the near‐term outlook for major New York commodi es Interact with fellow leaders of the vibrant New York agricultural industry Registration:$65byJanuary4,2016.(RegistrationsafterJanuary4willbe$80.).ParkingPermit(requiredforon‐campusparking)additional$10.Registrationandmoreinformationcanbeseen/isbeingaddedat:http://dyson.cornell.edu/outlook/economic‐outlook‐conferenceQuestionsortoregisterbyphone:ContactGretchenGilbert,[email protected],607‐254‐1281Theregistrationfeeincludesmorningrefreshmentsandlunch.(LunchlocationTBD.)Otherdiningoptionsoncampusareavailable,atyourownexpense. http://www.campuslife.cornell.edu/campuslife/dining/eateries.cfm
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S