the proceedings of the sixth (1996) international ...publications.isope.org/proceedings/isope/isope...

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The Proceedings of The Sixth (1996) International OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE

VOLUME I, 1996

Offshore Resources and Technology, Ocean Resources and Dynamics, Ocean Energy, Environment Techniques, Jacket Structures, TLP and Ringing, Spar Platforms, Floating Structures and Production, Decommissioning and Design,

Large Floating Structures, Geotechnical Engineering

How to Use This Table of Contents Click on a blue paper title you like to view. This CD-ROM was created upon scanning the papers in the conference proceedings..

Copyright © 1996 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-880653-22-7 (Set) LCCN: 95-82077 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Jin S. Chung, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA Braja M. Das, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA Jose Boesset, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA Presented at:

The Sixth (1996) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Los Angeles, USA, May 26-31, 1996

Organized by:

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers Sponsored by:

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) with cooperating societies and associations

http://www.isope.org/

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The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or presentations by the contributors to this conference or proceedings.

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) P.O. Box 189, Cupertino, California 95015−0189 USA

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The Proceedings of The Sixth (1996) International

OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE

Los Angeles, California, USA, May 26-31, 1996 Copyright © 1996 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. www.isope.org; [email protected] ISBN 978-1-880653-22-7 (Set) LCCN: 95-82077 For set of 4 volumes; 2,326 pp. VOLUME I ISBN 1-880653-23-0 Offshore Resources and Technology Ocean Resources and Dynamics Ocean Energy Environment Techniques Jacket Structures TLP and Ringing Spar Platforms Floating Structures and Production Decommissioning and Design Large Floating Structures Geotechnical Engineering

VOLUME III ISBN 1-880653-25-7 Numerical Waves Nonlinear Waves Wave Statistics Measurements and Internal Waves Breaking Waves Hydrodynamic Forces Dynamic Higher-Order Vortex Shedding and Vibrations Coastal Hydrodynamics

VOLUME II ISBN 1-880653-24-9 Pipelines Risers, Cables and Mooring Mechanics AUV, ROV & Robotics Ice and Polar Technology Ice Remote Sensing

VOLUME IV ISBN 1-880653-26-5 Tubular Structures Welding and Robotics Fatigue and Fracture Composite Materials Mechanics and Experiments Reliability and Safety Collision and Damage Naval and Marine Systems


mailto:[email protected]

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The Proceedings of the Sixth (1996) International


Los Angeles, California, USA, May 26-31, 1996

Copyright © 1996 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-880653-22-7 (Set) LCCN: 95-82077

CONTENTS

VOLUME I, 1996 OFFSHORE RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY The Heidrun TLP and Concept Development for Deep Water T. Munkejord ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Hibernia GBS - The Construction Process Arne Bjørlo and Pierre Jérôme.......................................................................................................................... 12 PLENARY PRESENTATION Liquefaction of Reclaimed Lands Along Osaka Bay by Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995.1.17) Yasuo Tanaka ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 OCEAN RESOURCES AND DYNAMICS The Optimum Design of a Stepped Pipe String for Mining Manganese Nodules with Consideration for Reducing Its Maximum Axial Stress Kazuo Aso, Katsushige Kan, Hitoshi Doki and Takuichi Maeda ..................................................................... 29 Effects of Axial Dampers and Elastic Joints on the 3-D Dynamic Responses of a Deep-Ocean Pipe with Torsional Coupling Baorong Cheng and Jin S. Chung ..................................................................................................................... 37 Evaluation of Submerged High-Pressure Waterjets for Deep Ocean Applications D.G. Alberts and M. Hashish ............................................................................................................................. 46 Investigation of Possibility to Apply Untraditional and Ecologically Good Methods of Coal Mining Under Sea Bed Yu. Niskovskiy and A. Vasianovich .................................................................................................................... 51 Environmental Studies on a Reference Transect in the IOM Pioneer Area

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R. Kotlinski, V. Stoyanova and G. Tkatchenko .................................................................................................. 54 OCEAN ENERGY Aerodynamic Losses Incurred by the Wells Turbine R. Curran and L.M.C. Gato ............................................................................................................................... 58 A Simple Theory of Impulse Turbine with Self-Pitch-Controlled Guide Vanes for Wave Power Conversion M. Inoue, K. Kaneko and T. Setoguchi .............................................................................................................. 66 Air Turbine with Self-Pitch-Controlled Blades for Wave Energy Conversion T. Setoguchi, K. Kaneko, M. Takao and M. Inoue ............................................................................................ 70 Running Characteristics of a Cross-Flow Water Turbine in Oscillating Flow J. Fukutomi and Y. Nakase ................................................................................................................................ 75 Wave Interactions with an Oscillating Water Column C.-H. Lee, J.N. Newman and F.G. Nielsen ........................................................................................................ 82 Dynamic Non-Linear Response of OWC Wave Energy Devices A. Clément .......................................................................................................................................................... 91 Study on the Power Generation from Tidal Currents by Darrieus Turbine S. Kiho, K. Suzuki and M. Shiono ...................................................................................................................... 97 The Estimation of Tidal Energy of the Okhotsk Sea for Practical Usage L.P. Yakunin and T.I. Tarkhova ....................................................................................................................... 103 The Systematic Design of Economic Wave Energy Converters Michael French and Rob Bracewell ................................................................................................................ 106 ENVIRONMENT TECHNIQUES Hydrodynamics of Offshore Gas Well Blowouts Bao-Shi Shiau ................................................................................................................................................... 111 Assessment of Drilling Mud Design for the Offshore Oil Research Raffaele Romagnoli .......................................................................................................................................... 118 A Three-Dimensional Model of the East China Sea K.M. Han and B.H. Choi .................................................................................................................................. 121 Mitigation Around Saemangeum Bay in Korea Moon Seup Shin, Tetsuo Yanagi and Sung Kun Hong .................................................................................... 128 Experimental Research on an Air Mixed Jet Pump for Sea Water Purification Katsuyuki Kawaguty, Hironobu Ueki, Seiji Akamine and Takashi Umeoka .................................................. 134

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Occurrence of Butyltin Compounds in Seawater, Sediment and Biosamples from the South Coast of Korea Mi-Ok Park, Young Ho Hahn and Shugui Dai ................................................................................................ 143 Seakeeping Performance of Containment Boom Section in Random Waves and Currents M.H. Kim, S. Muralidharan, S.T. Kee, R.P. Johnson and R.J. Seymour ........................................................ 150 Anchoring System of Silt Curtain Against Tension Due to Storm Wave and Current Yoshi-hiko Maeno, Tomiya Takatani, Tomoaki Mori, Koichiro Shinohara and Hirofumi Kawamoto ......... 162 JACKET STRUCTURES Toppling Analysis of Offshore Jacket Structures B.A. Izzuddin .................................................................................................................................................... 169 Dynamic Response Analyses of Offshore Platform with Buoyancy Type Large Members Kenji Kawano, Takahiro Komasa, Yoshiaki Miyazaki and Tutomu Hashimoto ............................................ 176 On the Selection of Ground Acceleration Spectrum for Response Evaluation of Offshore Structures Katta Venkataramana and Kenji Kawano ....................................................................................................... 182 Behaviour of Stiffened Plates in Offshore Structures N.E. Shanmugam and M. Arockiasamy ........................................................................................................... 190 TLP AND RINGING On the Ringing Excitation of Circular Cylinders T. Marthinsen, C.T. Stansberg and J.R. Krokstad ........................................................................................... 196 Computer Efficient Ringing Analysis of the Heidrun TLP Knut-Aril Farnes .............................................................................................................................................. 205 Simplified Approach for Analysing Concrete Creep of the Heidrun TLP ⎯ A Verification Study Olav Fyrileiv, Torfinn Hørte and Pål G. Bergan ............................................................................................ 214 Offshore Tension Leg Platform Behaviour Under Wave and Wind Forces A.K. Jain ........................................................................................................................................................... 220 TLP Installation without Motion Compensation Birger J. Natvig ................................................................................................................................................ 228 Prediction of Dynamic Response of TLP Tethers to Vortex Shedding Under Circumstances of Platform Oscillation Guo-Can Ling and Dong-Yao Wang ............................................................................................................... 234 Non-Linear Tower Motions in Waves D.J. Dimelow, R.D. Neilson and T. O'Donoghue ............................................................................................ 240

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Offshore Guyed Tower Behaviour Under Wave and Transient Seismic Forces A.K. Jain and R.S. Bisht ................................................................................................................................... 247 CASALM (Catenary and Single Anchor Leg Mooring) Single Point Mooring John F. Flory .................................................................................................................................................... 255 SPAR PLATFORMS Status of Spar Platforms for Deepwater Production Systems John E. Halkyard ............................................................................................................................................. 262 Effects of Second Order Diffraction Forces on the Global Response of Spars B.B. Mekha, D.C. Weggel, C.P. Johnson and J.M. Roesset ............................................................................ 273 Nonlinear Coupled Responses of a Tethered Spar Platform in Waves Z. Ran and M.H. Kim ....................................................................................................................................... 281 Dynamic Response and Runup on Spar Platforms O.R. Rijken and J.M. Niedzwecki ..................................................................................................................... 289 Slow Motion Responses of Compliant Offshore Structures Peimin Cao and Jun Zhang ............................................................................................................................. 296 FLOATING STRUCTURES AND PRODUCTION Evaluation of Sloshing-Induced Fatigue Damage on a FSO Tanker Guido Casella and Mario Dogliani ................................................................................................................. 304 DECOMMISSIONING & DESIGN Decommissioning & Removal Options: Which Choice? A. Della Greca .................................................................................................................................................. 314 Response of Offshore Structures to Explosion Loading B.A. Izzuddin and D. Lloyd Smith .................................................................................................................... 323 Detail Investigation on Offshore Stabbing Guides Chul H. Jo......................................................................................................................................................... 331 Exploratory-Developmental Engineering Method's Suggestion for the Oil-Gas Rich Zones in the Extreme Shallow-Water Area of Zhangjuhe in Bohai Bay, China Changming Zheng and Fushan Zhang ............................................................................................................ 337 LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURES Interaction Between Tsunami and Artificial Floating Island

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Ken Takagi ....................................................................................................................................................... 341 Elastic Behaviors of a Huge Floating Structure H.S. Shin and D.J. Yum .................................................................................................................................... 347 Stochastic Determination of Mooring Stiffness of Large Floating Islands Takuji Hamamoto, Masaki Tokubuchi, Takahiro Aoki and Yasuo Tanaka .................................................... 354 3D BEM-FEM Coupled Hydroelastic Analysis of Irregular Shaped, Module Linked Large Floating Structures Takuji Hamamoto, Takayuki Hayashi and Ken-ichi Fujita ............................................................................ 362 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: Properties of Soil Geotechnical Soil Properties in the Norwegian Deep Water Vøring Basin Tom R. Guttormsen, Hans Langø and Stein Christensen ................................................................................ 370 A Non-Associative Bounding Surface Plasticity Model for Marine Sands Q.S. Yang .......................................................................................................................................................... 377 Geotechnical Properties of Soft Marine Clay in Korea Yeong-Mog Park, Eun Chul Shin and Sang-Ro Ahn ....................................................................................... 385 Undrained Cyclic Shear Strength of Undisturbed Marine Clay Masayuki Hyodo and Teruhisa Fujii ............................................................................................................... 391 Nonlinear Analysis on Stress-Strain Relation of Reclaimed Soil L.K. Chien, W.T. Lin and C.C. Cheng ............................................................................................................. 395 Kinetics of Naphthalene Removal from Sand and Kaolinite/Sand Soils Using SDS Surfactant Mohammed A. Gabr, Russell Thomas, Echol E. Cook and Kurt Shoblom ..................................................... 402 Gibson's Equation of Soil Consolidation in Convective Coordinate and a Method for Obtaining Solutions Hin-Chi Lei, Huei-Wen Chang and Ming-Jui Hung ....................................................................................... 408 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: Soil Mechanics Construction of New Seoul International Airport on Reclaimed Land Sang Choo Lee, Kyu-Jin Lee and Eun Chul Shin ............................................................................................ 415 Judgment Method of Reinforcement Failure Mode in Steel Grid Reinforced Earth T. Matsui, Y. Nabeshima, N.U. Amin and K. Uchihata ................................................................................... 420 Large and Small Strain FE Analyses of CRS Consolidation Tests of Soft Marine Clays M. Shimizu ........................................................................................................................................................ 424 Using Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Shear Modulus of Granular Offshore Sediments

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Salome Romero and Sibel Pamukcu ................................................................................................................ 431 Ocean Wave-Induced Stress States of Seabed Beneath a Breakwater Ken-ichi Sato, Kazuya Yasuhara and Nobuo Yoshida .................................................................................... 438 Determination of the Saline Soils Creep Parameters in Yamal Peninsula V.I. Aksionov and A.P. Afonin ......................................................................................................................... 444 Strength and Consolidation Properties of Soils Which Have Suffered Stress Histories Takaharu Shogaki and Tadashi Yoshida ......................................................................................................... 450 A Constitutive Model for Consolidation Based on Microscopic Consideration by Probability Theory Ryosuke Kitamura and George Kisanuki ........................................................................................................ 456 Improvable Characteristics of Marine Clay by Soil-Cement Mixing Method Bang-Woong Shin, Bong-Jik Lee and Se-Wook Oh ........................................................................................ 460 Depression of Soil Moisture Freezing Point and Relationships for Native and Compact Soils V.I. Fedorov ...................................................................................................................................................... 465 Trench Stability Analysis Jiin-Song Tsai and Jia-Chyi Chang ................................................................................................................. 469 Estimation of the Parameters of Seepage Through an Earth Dam Mahmudul Alam Chowdhury, Masato Kunitake, Fumiyoshi Kondo, Hitone Inagaki, Hidehiko Ogata, Masaki Saito and Itsuro Kakuda ......................................................................................... 477 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: Pile Foundation Analysis of Pile Supported Offshore Structures Under Wave Loading Shamsher Prakash, Sanjeev Kumar and V.K. Puri ......................................................................................... 483 Cyclic Loading Regime of Offshore Piles U.A.A. Mirza ..................................................................................................................................................... 491 Comparative Sensitivity Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles B.B. Budkowska and E. Cean .......................................................................................................................... 499 Sensitivity of Probabilistic Pile Design to Various Uncertainties Gurdev Singh, W.T. Lai and Braja M. Das ..................................................................................................... 506 Behaviour of Batter Anchor Piles in Marine Clay Subjected to Vertical Pull Out S. Narasimha Rao and C. Veeresh ................................................................................................................... 514 Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Model Pile Groups in Clay S. Narasimha Rao and V.G.S.T. Ramakrishna ................................................................................................ 520

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: Foundation Bearing Capacity of Strip Foundation on Geogrid-Reinforced Sand-Scale Effects in Model Tests B.M. Das, V.K. Puri, M.T. Omar and E. Evgin ............................................................................................... 527 Strip Foundation on Geogrid-Reinforced Clay: A Tentative Design Procedure B.M. Das, E.C. Shin and G. Singh ................................................................................................................... 531 Dynamic Response of Caisson with Suction on Soft Seabed Tomiya Takatani, Yoshi-hiko Maeno, Shigeo Takahashi and Ken-ichiro Shimosako ................................... 536 Suction Beneath Cylindrical Anchors in Soft Clay Manoj Datta and Pankaj Kumar ..................................................................................................................... 544 Design of Deep Foundations Using the Pressuremeter Method F. Azizi and R. Frank ....................................................................................................................................... 549 ADDITIONAL PAPERS Emergency Dumping of Large Oil Inventories T. Al-Hassan, J.N. Edmondson and J.G. Krol ................................................................................................. 558 Limit State Design with Load Dependence in Offshore Foundations Yude Lin ............................................................................................................................................................ 562 Stresses and Strength of Padeye to Circular Pipe Connection Y.S. Choo, K.H. Lee and W.H. Lee .................................................................................................................. 570

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VOLUME II, 1996

Offshore and Arctic Pipelines, Marine Risers, Mechanics of Cables &

Mooring, AUV, ROV and Robotics, Ice and Polar Technology, Ice Remote Sensing


Copyright © 1996 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-880653-22-7 (Set) LCCN: 95-82077 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Jin S. Chung, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA Mohamed Sayed, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada Roger E. Hobbs, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK Dana R. Yoerger, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA Presented at:


Organized by:





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CONTENTS

VOLUME II, 1996 PIPELINES The First Offshore Gas Pipeline Project in Vietnam Chul H. Jo............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Pipeline Riser Failure Investigation C.P. Ellinas, R. Davies and B. King .................................................................................................................. 11 Technical Outline of High Strain Based Design for Marine Pipelines T. Sriskandarajah, T. Sreetharan and R.G. Carmichael ................................................................................... 19 Re-qualification of Pipeline Systems Leif Collberg, Espen H. Cramer and Ola H. Bjørnøy ....................................................................................... 27 Zeepipe IIA Pipeline: Strains Measured During Laying and Predictions O.B. Ness, G. Hjartholm, R.L.P. Verley and O.G. Thorsen .............................................................................. 35 Transmission Pipeline System for Development of Shtockmanovskoye Gas Field in the Barents Sea M.A. Kamyshev and H.R. Vermeulen ................................................................................................................ 41 Study of the Offshore Pipeline Installation Based on the Pipeline Experiment H. Shin, J.B. Kim, S. Hara and K. Yamakawa .................................................................................................. 48 On the Application of Rentis Method for Offshore Pipeline Installation S. Soemantri and G. Pradnyana ........................................................................................................................ 56 Analysis of Expansion Curves for Subsea Pipelines Olav Fyrileiv, Olav Aamlid and Asle Venås ...................................................................................................... 66 Subsea Pipeline Lateral Deviation Due to High Temperature Product Naum Y. Kershenbaum, Gary E. Harrison and Han S. Choi ............................................................................ 74

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Effect of Local Buckling on Burst Pressure A.M. Gresnigt, R.J. van Foeken and S.L. Chen ................................................................................................. 80 A Plane Strain Analysis of Corroded Pipelines Hong Ou Kim and James A. Maple ................................................................................................................... 89 Residual Strength of Pipelines in Hydroelectric Power Plants Luis A.P. Simões da Silva and Rui A.D. Simões ................................................................................................ 95 Sediment Transport and Morphological Changes Caused by Underwater Pipeline in the Kara Sea Svetlana G. Beloshapkova, Alexander V. Beloshapkov and Igor O. Leont'yev .............................................. 105 Current-Induced Vibrations of Submerged Floating Tunnels Katta Venkataramana, Susumu Yoshihara, Shozo Toyoda and Yorikazu Aikou ............................................ 111 Numerical Simulation of Irregular Temperature Field Around Shallow Pipe in Soil Medium B.B. Budkowska and I. Kreja ........................................................................................................................... 119 Optimization of Fuzzy Membership Functions Using the Random-Search Method and Its Application to Direct Digital Control in Pipelines Hitone Inagaki, Masato Kunitake, Fumiyoshi Kondo and Masaki Saito ....................................................... 126 Large Eddy Simulation Scheme of Pipeline Under Regular Wave Action Ge Wang, Guozhang Lai and Yucheng Li ....................................................................................................... 132 Studies of Multiphase Flow in High Pressure Horizontal and +5 Degree Inclined Pipelines Robert Wilkens and W. Paul Jepson ................................................................................................................ 139 MARINE RISERS, CABLE & MOORING MECHANICS Simulation of Dynamic Response of a Riser System under Wave-Crest Loads Yousun Li .......................................................................................................................................................... 148 An Efficient Metal Riser Configuration for Ship and Semi Based Production Systems D. Karunakaran, N.T. Nordsve and A. Olufsen .............................................................................................. 156 First-Order Dynamic Variation of Curvature and Tension in Catenary Risers C.P. Pesce and M.O. Pinto .............................................................................................................................. 163 On the Mechanical Hysteresis and Bending Stiffness of Conductors and Cables Peter Hagedorn and Ulrich Gutzer ................................................................................................................. 175 Modelling Heat Build-Up in Large Polyester Ropes M.S. Overington and C.M. Leech .................................................................................................................... 182 Effect of Lay Angle on Various Characteristics of Spiral Strands M. Raoof ........................................................................................................................................................... 189 Characteristics of Locked Coil Cables Under Coupled Axial/Torsional Loading

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M. Raoof and I. Kraincanic ............................................................................................................................. 197 Manoeuvering of Bodies Suspended at Extreme Water Depth Walter Lian and Bjørn Sortland ...................................................................................................................... 204 Investigation of Resonant Tensioning in Submerged Cables Subjected to Lateral Excitation B.L. Newberry and N.C. Perkins ..................................................................................................................... 210 Dynamics of Systems with Rigid Body Modes: A Numerical Approach Jose L. Martinez-Gonzalez, Rafael J. Ramos and Jorge Silva Ballesteros .................................................... 217 The Mechanism Analysis and Dynamic Simulation of Iced Cable Galloping Qinshan Fan, Fei Guan, Kunmin Zhao and Hongyu Wu ............................................................................... 224 Analysis of Extensible Marine Cables in Polar Coordinates Somchai Chucheepsakul, Tseng Huang and Sommart Tansorajprasert ........................................................ 228 Loads in Mooring Lines of the Mooring Positioning System of a Vessel Tadeusz Szelangiewicz ..................................................................................................................................... 233 AUV, ROV AND ROBOTICS Stabilization of Underwater Vehicle Dynamics: A Geometric Perspective Naomi Ehrich Leonard .................................................................................................................................... 241 Numerical Simulation of an AUV Thruster During Maneuvering J. Knowles, M. Grosenbaugh and D. Keenan ................................................................................................. 247 Acoustically Controlled Untethered Underwater Vehicle Systems for Deep Water Seabed Mapping Nils Størkersen, Henrich Henriksen and Rolf Arne Klepaker ......................................................................... 251 Numerical Simulation of the Turbulent Flow Around a Three-Dimensional Axi-Symmetric Body Myung-Soo Shin and Hark-Sun Choi .............................................................................................................. 256 Towards Improved Control of Thruster Dynamics in ROV Station-Keeping Louis L. Whitcomb and Dana R. Yoerger ........................................................................................................ 265 Depth Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using H∞ Controller Hui-Ryong Yoo, Sang-Moo Lee, Pan-Mook Lee and Sang-Bong Kim ........................................................... 273 Metal-Hydride Life Support System of a Prospective Deep Sea Bell G. Nerubenko and O. Kozirko ......................................................................................................................... 278 ICE MECHANICS AND FORCES Compressive Strength of Natural Sea Ice in Horizontal Loading Eila Lehmus, Tuomo Kärnä, Akio Tanabe, Minoru Yoshizawa, Yoshitsugu Ishibashi and

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William Sackinger ............................................................................................................................................ 285 Model of Viscoplastic Deformation of Frozen and Unfrozen Soils and Ice Yuri K. Zaretsky and Anatoly M. Fish ............................................................................................................. 291 Mechanical Properties of Dry Saline Ice Rubble A.M. Cornett and G.W. Timco ......................................................................................................................... 297 A Numerical Technique in Calculation of Dynamic Interaction Forces Between Ice Floe and Arctic Offshore Structures Kyungsik Choi and Chae Whan Rim ............................................................................................................... 304 Indentation Contact and Penetration of Ice by a Semicircular Indentor Brian Veitch and Jukka Tuhkuri ...................................................................................................................... 311 Impact of Ice Loads on Pile Structures T. Sasajima and K. Kawai................................................................................................................................ 317 Answers to Some Questions on the New Method for Sheet Ice Force Estimation A.V.M. Arunachalam ........................................................................................................................................ 323 Sea Ice Compression and Dynamic Response in Local Observation in the Arctic Ocean V.N. Smirnov, I.B. Sheikin and A.I. Shushlebin ............................................................................................... 333 ICE-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS The Program of Experimental Study of the Three-Dimensional Ice Strength Distribution for Ice Force Analysis A.T. Bekker ....................................................................................................................................................... 340 Determination of the Ice Strength for Calculation of the Ice Load A.T. Bekker and S.G. Gomolski ....................................................................................................................... 343 Method of Slowing of Ice Cover Growth V.P. Gavrilo, S.M. Kovalev, G.A. Lebedev and K.K. Sukhorukov .................................................................. 346 Nonlinear Loading Phase in Ice Indentation Tuomo Kärnä and Merja Sippola .................................................................................................................... 349 Experimental Investigations of Relaxation Properties of Sea Ice Internal Stresses K.K. Sukhorukov ............................................................................................................................................... 354 Numerical Modelling of the Creep Behaviour of Ice-Debris Mixtures Under Variable Thermal Regimes F. Azizi and W.B. Whalley................................................................................................................................ 362 Ice Loads on the Northumberland Strait Bridge Piers - An Approach T.G. Brown, K.R. Croasdale and B. Wright .................................................................................................... 367 Northumberland Strait Crossing Project Acceptance Criteria for Ice Loads and Load Factors

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Peter G. Buckland, A. Joe Leal and Darrel P. Gagnon .................................................................................. 373 Assessment of casi Data for Monitoring Chlorophyll-a and Suspended Solids in the Northumberland Strait, P.E.I. R. Vallis, D. Currie and J. Dechka .................................................................................................................. 380 Financial/Economic Considerations of Northumberland Strait Crossing Project A. Gordon DeWolf ............................................................................................................................................ 384 Ice Features and Ice Mechanical Properties in Northumberland Strait F.M. Williams ................................................................................................................................................... 390 Structure of Hummocks Offshore of Northern Sakhalin S.P. Beketsky, V.N. Astafiev and P.A. Truskov ................................................................................................ 398 ICE REMOTE SENSING Monitoring Ice Movement in Antarctica Karl-Heinz Thiel and Xiaoqing Wu ................................................................................................................. 401 Freeze-Up and Ice Movement Effects: Kara Sea - Fall 1994 R.W. Fett, R.E. Englebretson and T.L. Kozo ................................................................................................... 406 Evidence for Autumn Sea Ice Transport Through the Vil'kitskogo Strait at the Eastern Exit of the Kara Sea T.L. Kozo, W.T. Thompson, S.J. Lowe, J.M. Shelton, T.J. Kienitz, R.W. Fett and T.C. Pham ....................... 411 Icewatch - Ice SAR Monitoring of the Northern Sea Route Ola M. Johannessen, Stein Sandven and Vladimir V. Melentyev ................................................................... 417 Global Sea Ice Monitoring from Microwave Satellites O.M. Johannessen, M.W. Miles and E. Bjørgo ............................................................................................... 422 ICE BREAKERS AND TRANSPORTATION The Sea-Ice Runway Near McMurdo Station, Antarctica: A Problem of Logistics Joseph L. Barthelemy ....................................................................................................................................... 427 Abrasion Rate of Various Materials Due to the Movement of Ice Sheets M. Hanada, M. Ujihira, F. Hara and H. Saeki ............................................................................................... 433 Underwater Arctic Transport System V. Pavlenko and D. Tsagareli .......................................................................................................................... 438 Hydrodynamic and Ice Model of the South-Western Part of the Kara Sea B.V. Arhipov, V.V. Solbakov and A.S. Tsvetsinsky .......................................................................................... 441 Technical Aspects of Marine Seismic Survey in Ice Covered Regions Vadim Yu. Buravtsev and Wilfried Jokat ......................................................................................................... 447

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Sea-Ice Observations at the North-Eastern Sakhalin Shelf and a Thermodynamic Modelling of First-Year Sea Ice M. Aota, K. Shirasawa, P. Truskov, A. Polomoshnov and V. Michoukov ...................................................... 450 An Experimental Research on Ice Load Zhi-rui Cai, Yong-hu Pen and Xian-yi Men .................................................................................................... 455 Design of Hull Structures for Ice-Navigating Ships G.P. Shemendjuk and V.A. Batsev ................................................................................................................... 459 ADDITIONAL PAPERS Model Experiments on Thruster Assisted Mooring System Controlled by H∞ Controller Masahiko Nakamura, Hiroyuki Kajiwara and Wataru Koterayama .............................................................. 464 Numerical Modelling of Strength Degradation in a Steel Submarine Pipeline Subjected to the Pitting Corrosion W. Magda ......................................................................................................................................................... 469 Seismic Stability of Offshore Pipelines N.G. Figarov and A.M. Kamyshev ................................................................................................................... 477

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VOLUME III, 1996

Numerical Waves, Nonlinear Waves, Wave Statistics, Measurements, Internal

Waves, Breaking Waves, Hydrodynamic Forces, Dynamic Higher-Order, Vortex Shedding and Vibrations, Coastal Hydrodynamics


Copyright © 1996 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-880653-22-7 (Set) LCCN: 95-82077 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Jin S. Chung, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA Michel Olagnon, IFREMER, Plouzané, France C.H. Kim, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA Presented at:


Organized by:



The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions


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expressed in papers or presentations by the contributors to this conference or proceedings.


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CONTENTS

VOLUME III, 1996 PLENARY PRESENTATION The Evolution and Structure of Energetic Wind Waves M.P. Tulin, Y. Yao and A.K. Magnusson ............................................................................................................. 1 NUMERICAL AND NONLINEAR WAVES Nonlinear Phenomena in the Motions of Unrestrained Bodies in a Numerical Wave Tank Giorgio Contento ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Fully Nonlinear Diffraction Due to a Vertical Circular Cylinder in a 3-D HOBEM Numerical Wave Tank S.Y. Boo and C.H. Kim ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Active Absorption in a Numerical Wave Tank Jesper Skourup ................................................................................................................................................... 31 Analytic-FEM Modelling of Flexible Wavemaker Problems J. Lee and S. Huang ........................................................................................................................................... 39 A Note on Preconditioned GMRES Solver J. Zou and C.H. Kim .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Far Field Condition for Nonlinear Scattered Waves S. Chen and S.D. Sharma ................................................................................................................................... 50 Deterministic Decomposition of Irregular Short-Crested Surface Gravity Waves Igor Prislin, Jun Zhang and Peter Johnson ...................................................................................................... 57 Theoretical Analysis of Directional Waves in a Laboratory Basin A.N. Williams and W.W. Crull ........................................................................................................................... 65

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Laboratory Study of Wave-Current Interaction Michael J. Briggs and Zeki Demirbilek ............................................................................................................. 73 A Boussinesq Model for a Wave-Current Interaction System X. Ren and K.-H. Wang ...................................................................................................................................... 81 Refraction-Diffraction Model for Irregular Wave and Multidirectional Spectrum with Current Yu-Cheng Li and Yong-Gang Zhang ................................................................................................................. 87 The Interaction of Nonlinear Water Wave and Porous Bed T.W. Chen, L.H. Huang and C.H. Song ............................................................................................................. 90 WAVE STATISTICS World-Wide Characteristics of Hs and Tz for Long-Term Load Responses of Ships and Offshore Structures Elzbieta Bitner-Gregersen, Denis Bonicel, Hafedh Hajji, Michel Olagnon and Guy Parmentier .................. 95 Statistical Properties of Simulated Random Waves John Z. Yim and S.-S. Shiao ............................................................................................................................. 103 Wave Height Distribution Around a Large Cylinder in Waves and Current S.S. Hsiao, M.C. Lin and John Z. Yim ............................................................................................................. 108 Quick Assessment of Metocean Parameters: CLIOSat, a Product Using Satellite Data S. Loeul, H. Hajji, D. Bonicel, P. Charriez and P. Lasnier ............................................................................ 115 MEASUREMENTS AND INTERNAL WAVES Exact Numerical Solutions to Large Amplitude Internal Solitary Waves W.A.B. Evans .................................................................................................................................................... 124 Linear and Non-Linear Internal Tides Around the European Atlantic Shelf Edge T.J. Sherwin, A.C. Dale, M.E. Inall and D.R.G. Jeans ................................................................................... 131 An Underwatervideomicroscope to Determine the Size and Shape of Suspended Particles by Means of Digital Image Processing V. Baier and W. Bechteler ................................................................................................................................ 138 Experimental Study of Flow Fields Around Cylinder Arrays Using PIV S.H. Kwon, J. Park, D.D. Ha and Y.H. Lee ..................................................................................................... 145 A Numerical Model for Fluid-Particle Flows F. Lalli and A. Di Mascio ................................................................................................................................ 151 BREAKING WAVES

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Nonlinear Wave Groups Ming-Yang Su ................................................................................................................................................... 158 Numerical Analysis of Wave Breaking Due to Submerged Structure Koji Kawasaki and Koichiro Iwata ................................................................................................................. 168 Nonlinear Behavior of Two-Crossing Waves in Finite Water Depth Takashi Tomita, Yoon-Koo Kang, Katsuhiko Kurata and Koichiro Iwata .................................................... 176 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES Breaking Wave Impact Loads on Vertical Faces N.W.H. Allsop, D. Vicinanza, M. Calabrese and L. Centurioni ..................................................................... 185 Wave Slamming on Offshore Structure Yongxue Wang .................................................................................................................................................. 192 Wave Forces on Vertical Circular Cylinder Under Two-Crossing Wave Field Yoon-Koo Kang, Takashi Tomita, Katsuhiko Kurata and Koichiro Iwata .................................................... 197 Hydrodynamic Forces on Vertical Cylinders in Directional Seas: Third Order of Approximation L. Rebaudengo Landò, G. Scarci, R. Bracco and R. Gentile .......................................................................... 205 A Model for Weak Impacting Force on Vertical Truncated Cylinder Due to Steep Asymmetric Wave C.H. Kim, Y. Xu, J. Zou and Y.S. Won ............................................................................................................. 215 A Complete Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Vertical and Flexible Offshore Cylinder During Earthquakes Bang-Fuh Chen ................................................................................................................................................ 221 An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Wave Loads on Floating Bridges, Including Non-Linear and Wind Effects Samuel Welch, Yitao Yao, Marshall Tulin and Sridhar Jagannathan ............................................................ 228 Vortex Method Applied to Force Calculation on Cylinder Array S.B.C. Martins and S.H. Sphaier ..................................................................................................................... 237 Added Mass and Damping of Circular Moonpools D.P.K. Fung ..................................................................................................................................................... 247 Convergence of Numerical Estimates of Hydrodynamic Coefficients Michael Isaacson and Thomas Mathai ............................................................................................................ 255 Minimum Resistance Hull Form of Planing Craft with Controlled Trim Angle T. Nagai and Y. Yoshida .................................................................................................................................. 263 On the Irregular Frequencies Appearing in Wave Diffraction-Radiation Solutions S. Malenica and X.B. Chen .............................................................................................................................. 271

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A Study of Wave-Iceberg Load Combination Factors Ricardo Foschi and Michael Isaacson ............................................................................................................ 278 Wave and Current Induced Hydrodynamic Forces on Horizontal Circular Cylinders Y. Yüksel and T. Okuyan Bostan ...................................................................................................................... 286 Nonlinear Wave Interaction with Cylinder Arrays K.-H. Wang and X. Ren .................................................................................................................................... 291 The Statistical Investigations of Ocean Wave and Current Data Acting on Cesme Peninsula in the Aegean Sea (Izmir/Turkey) Nihat Taspinar, Aydin Saatci and Davut Ozdaglar ........................................................................................ 299 DYNAMIC RESPONSES Application of Galerkin's Method in Wave Response Analysis of Flexible Floating Plates Chong Wu, Tomoaki Utsunomiya and Eiichi Watanabe ................................................................................. 307 Hydrodynamic Interaction Between a Fixed and a Floating Cylinder Imam H. Kazi, Allen T. Chwang and George T. Yates .................................................................................... 315 A Model for the Propagation of Waves Through the MIZ from a Single Floe Solution Michael H. Meylan and Colin Fox .................................................................................................................. 321 The Wave Response of Floating Thin Plates of Shallow Draft by a Variational Method Michael H. Meylan ........................................................................................................................................... 328 Loads and Motions for Underway Floating Structure in Waves Yanying Wang and Jie Miao ............................................................................................................................ 335 Experimental Modal Analysis by Harmonic Sweep Excitation on Unit Linked Floating Models Ryuji Endo, Takuji Hamamoto, Takehiko Kato, Kenji Wakui, Takuji Imai and Nobuyoshi Tosaka ............. 341 Motion Simulation of a Floating Structure Coupled with Mooring Lines Sa Y. Hong and Sup Hong ............................................................................................................................... 349 Motion Response of a Moored Semi-Submersible Platform in Waves Xiaohong Chen and Xianglu Huang ................................................................................................................ 356 Motions of Floating Pier for Marina in Waves Katsuhiko Saito and Masayoshi Kubo ............................................................................................................. 364 Motion Transfer Functions for a Slack-Moored Wave-Following Buoy Chung-Chu Teng, Brett A. Taft and Henry T. Wang ....................................................................................... 371 On the Roll Motion of a Ship with Partially Filled Unbaffled and Baffled Tanks: Numerical and Experimental Investigation Alberto Francescutto, Vincenzo Armenio and Michele La Rocca .................................................................. 377

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Genetic Algorithms in Parameter Estimation of Nonlinear Models for Ship Motions C.Y. Liaw, H.F. Cheong and Q. Xie ................................................................................................................ 387 Nonlinear Effects of the Local Steady Flow on Wave Diffraction-Radiation at Low Forward Speed X.B. Chen and S. Malenica .............................................................................................................................. 393 The Wave Drift Damping of Moored Floating Structures in Oblique Waves In K. Park and Hang S. Choi ........................................................................................................................... 401 A Pitching Plate as an Active Water-Wave Controller T.L. Yip and Allen T. Chwang .......................................................................................................................... 408 HIGHER-ORDER EFFECTS Nonlinear Simulation of Floating Body Motions in Waves K. Tanizawa ...................................................................................................................................................... 414 Steady Drift Forces on Multiple Floating Bodies of Arbitrary Shape in Waves Ja-Sam Goo, Chang-Ho Lee, Hyo-Jae Jo, Sa-Young Hong and Koichiro Yoshida ....................................... 421 Second Order Approximate Solution of Nonlinear Wave Diffraction Due to Multiple Cylinders Takeshi Sanada, Norimi Mizutani and Koichiro Iwata .................................................................................. 430 An Engineering Prediction Method for Large Amplitude Motions of Ships in Waves Y.Z. Liu, Y.L. Li and G.P. Miao ....................................................................................................................... 438 Wave Drift and Viscous Damping Forces Acting on TLPs: Some Experimental Results Alwyn McLeary, Stéphane Cornut, Atilla Incecik, Alistair Arnott and Clive A. Greated .............................. 445 Second-Order Forced Waves in an Eccentrically-Rotating Circular Cylinder A.N. Williams and J.H. Vasquez ...................................................................................................................... 455 VORTEX AND VIBRATIONS Full-Scale Field Measurements of Wave Kinematics and Vortex Shedding Induced Vibrations in Slender Structures Jens R. Thomsen, Bjarke Pedersen, Karsten G. Nielsen and Mads B. Bryndum ........................................... 463 A Lift Force Model Featuring Velocity Measurements Around a Cylinder in a Reversing Flow E.F. Medeiros, R.W. Miksad and N.T. Clemens .............................................................................................. 471 Experimental Analysis of the Wake Instabilities of an Oscillating Cylinder Near Synchronization O. Rodriguez ..................................................................................................................................................... 478 Transition Features of Near-Wake Flow Behind a Circular Cylinder Guo Can Ling, Allen T. Chwang and Jia Yu Niu ............................................................................................ 484

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Vortex Regimes Around a Freely Vibrating Cylinder in Oscillatory Flow A. Kozakiewicz, B.M. Sumer, J. Fredsøe and E.A. Hansen ............................................................................ 490 Flow Field Around a Circular Cylinder in Orbital Flow at Low Keulegan-Carpenter Numbers K. Otsuka, T. Morita and Y. Ikeda ................................................................................................................... 499 Effect of Momentum Injection on the Drag Reduction and Flow-Induced Instabilities of a Square Prism S.R. Munshi, V.J. Modi and T. Yokomizo ........................................................................................................ 507 Vibrating Cylinder in Current: Energy Transfer and Flow Disturbance Zhijie Wu .......................................................................................................................................................... 515 COASTAL HYDRODYNAMICS Experimental Study on Automatic Installation System of Offshore Breakwaters H. Yoneyama, S. Shiraishi, K. Nazato, S. Ueda and H. Takahashi ................................................................ 523 Hydraulic Functioning of "Fixed Water Wall" Type Breakwaters C. Colmard, M. Bélorgey and L. Aupérin ....................................................................................................... 531 Oblique Reflection of Cnoidal Wave Train Against Breakwater Yulin Lu and Donghua Jia ............................................................................................................................... 538 Non-Linear Motion Due to Interaction of Monochromatic Waves and Permeable Coastal Structures Joachim Lengricht ............................................................................................................................................ 548 Topographical Change Around Submerged Moored-Floating Structure Under Wave Action Noritaka Murakami, Koichiro Iwata and Do-Sam Kim .................................................................................. 554 Hydrodynamic Analysis of Dual Pontoon Floating Breakwater A.N. Williams and A.G. Abul-Azm ................................................................................................................... 560 Analysis of Unsteady Heat Conduction in Concrete Specimens Using 3-D FEM Takefumi Nakazono, Masato Kunitake, Fumiyoshi Kondo, Hitone Inagaki, Takao Nakazawa, Tadayoshi Kikumura, Masaki Saito and Itsuro Kakuda ................................................................................. 566 Numerical and Experimental Research for Wave Damping Over a Submerged Porous Breakwater Dahong Qiu and Lisheng Wang ...................................................................................................................... 572 Wave Energy Dissipation Due to the Submerged Elastic Structure Su-Liek Shih and Hui-Ming Fang .................................................................................................................... 577 Action Plan in Salvage of Stranded Vessels Nikolaos Papanikos and Emmanuel Samuelides ............................................................................................ 581 On the Wave Breaking Efficiency of an Array of Floating Vertical Cylinders

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G.J. Grigoropoulos, S.A. Mavrakos and T.A. Loukakis .................................................................................. 587 ADDITIONAL PAPERS Added Mass and Damping on an Oscillating Surface-Piercing Column with a Horizontal Cylinder: Square Cross Sections Jin S. Chung and Moo-Hyun Kim .................................................................................................................... 595 Analysis of Hydrodynamic Unsteady Flow Fields Using Fast Computations of the Green's Function with Forward Speed M. Ba and M. Guilbaud ................................................................................................................................... 603

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VOLUME IV, 1996

Tubular Structures, Welding and Robotics, Fatigue and Fracture, Composite Materials, Mechanics and Experiments, Reliability and Safety, Collision and

Damage, Naval and Marine Systems


Copyright © 1996 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-880653-22-7 (Set) LCCN: 95-82077 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: J.F. Dos Santos, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany Ivar Langen, Hogskole i Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway Yukio Ueda, Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan R.S. Puthli, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe, Germany Presented at:


Organized by:




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CONTENTS

VOLUME IV, 1996 PLENARY PRESENTATIONS Computational Welding Mechanics Yukio Ueda and Hidekazu Murakawa ................................................................................................................. 1 ISO Harmonization of Offshore Guidance on Strength of Tubular Joints N. Zettlemoyer ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 TUBULAR STRUCTURES The Basis for Changing the Fatigue Provisions of API RP2A William C. Mohr ................................................................................................................................................. 15 Bird Beak T-Joints in Square Hollow Sections: A Finite Element Investigation G. Davies, J.S. Owen and R. Kelly .................................................................................................................... 22 Effect of Applied Shear/Moment Ratio on In-Plane Moment Strength of X-Joint Y.S. Choo, K.H. Lee and F.K. Lau ..................................................................................................................... 28 Flexibility Coefficients for Innovative Tubular Connections A. Ure, P. Grundy and I. Eadie ......................................................................................................................... 34 Probabilistic Maintenance Planning for the Tubular Joints in the Steel Gates in the Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier O.D. Dijkstra, S.E. van Manen, F.B.J. Gijsbers and H. van der Weijde .......................................................... 39 Stress Concentrations in Tubular Joints Welded from One Side Morten Baerheim ............................................................................................................................................... 47 Determination of Stress Concentration Factors for K-Connections Between Square Hollow Sections A.M. van Wingerde, J.A. Packer and J. Wardenier........................................................................................... 52

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Comparison of Uniplanar and Multiplanar K-Joints with Gap Made of Rectangular Hollow Sections S. Herion and F. Mang ...................................................................................................................................... 60 Parametric Study on Multiplanar K-Joints with Gap Made of Circular Hollow Sections by Means of the Finite Element Method S. Herion, F. Mang and R. Puthli ...................................................................................................................... 68 Strain Concentration Factors and Load Capacity of Innovative Tubular Joints A. Ure, P. Grundy and I. Eadie ......................................................................................................................... 74 A Comparative Study on the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Welded Joints Under Random Fatigue Loading Y.C. Wu, J.C. Chen and X.X. Cheng .................................................................................................................. 78 Fatigue Life Estimation of Tubular Joint of Offshore Fixed Platform Under Ice Loads Fayan Xu and Huacan Fang .............................................................................................................................. 86 Experimental and Finite Element Studies to Determine the Stress-Strain Characteristics for Cold- and Hot-Formed SHS Relevant for the Rotation Behaviour of Beams N. Stranghöner, G. Sedlacek and W. Dahl ........................................................................................................ 90 The Static Behaviour of Multiplanar Tubular XX-Joints Loaded by In-Plane Bending Moments on the In-Plane and Axial Forces on the Out-of-Plane Braces G.J. van der Vegte and J. Wardenier ................................................................................................................. 94 Modelling of the Rotation Capacity of Cold- and Hot-Formed SHS Beams by a Plastic Collapse Mechanism N. Stranghöner and G. Sedlacek ...................................................................................................................... 101 Parameter Study on the Static Strength of Multiplanar XX-Joints in Rectangular Hollow Sections Loaded by In-Plane Bending Moments Y. Yu and J. Wardenier .................................................................................................................................... 105 Load Interaction on the Ultimate Strength of Tubular T-Joints J.D. Kim, C.W. Rim, B.C. Shin and C.H. Hong ............................................................................................... 113 The Influence of the Can Length on the Static Strength of Multiplanar XX-Joints G.J. van der Vegte and J. Wardenier ............................................................................................................... 120 WELDING AND ROBOTICS Detection and Tracking of Weld Line by a Welding Robot with Ultrasonic Sensing System in Underwater Wet Welding Y. Suga and A. Machida ................................................................................................................................... 128 Influence of Chemical Composition, Heat Treatment, Plastic Deformation and Surface Heating on Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steels for Offshore Technology and Shipbuilding Henryk Buglacki ............................................................................................................................................... 133

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Technology of Welding High Strength Low Alloy Quenched and Tempered Steel Plates for Offshore Technology and Shipbuilding Henryk Buglacki ............................................................................................................................................... 137 Properties of a Ferritic Metal Cored Wire Weld Metal Deposited in the Pressure Range from 51bar to 110bar J.F. dos Santos, V.R. dos Santos and J.C. Jorge ............................................................................................. 141 The Influence of the Water Contact on the Welding Residual Stresses of Wet Underwater Welds L. Lindhorst, O. Mahrenholtz and J. Bartzsch ................................................................................................ 147 Fracture Toughness Assessment and HAZ Strain-Ageing Resistance of Thermomechanically Processed Steel Subjected to Cold Forming Before Welding P. Nevasmaa, O. Kortelainen, K. Wallin and D. Porter ................................................................................. 154 Kinematics and Thermoplastic Analysis of Ship Hull Plate Forming Jong-Gye Shin, Won-Don Kim and Jang-Hyun Lee ....................................................................................... 160 Oxygen and Nitrogen in SMAW and GMAW Processes T. Wegrzyn ........................................................................................................................................................ 166 Design of an Eye-in-Hand Robotic Vision System J. Jardim and S.C. Absi-Alfaro ........................................................................................................................ 169 Off-Line Programming of Flexible Welding Manufacturing Cells L.S. Danni, G.C. Carvalho, J.O.D. Jardim, M.L. Siqueira and S.C. Absi-Alfaro .......................................... 172 Development of Real-Time Quality Evaluation of Friction Welding by Acoustic Emission: 2nd Report: Effects of Welding Parameters on Weld Strength and AE Sae-Kyoo Oh, Jung-Hwan Oh and Hong-Keun Chang .................................................................................. 177 Penetration Control by Detecting Oscillation of Weld Pool in Automatic TIG Arc Welding Y. Suga and T. Tokiwa ..................................................................................................................................... 185 FATIGUE, FRACTURE AND CORROSION Fatigue of TLP Tendon Girth Welds G.R. Razmjoo, I. Hadley and S. Crouch .......................................................................................................... 190 Study on Fatigue Strength of Boxing Fillet Weldments (2nd Report) Yasumitsu Tomita, Kiyoshi Hashimoto, Kuniteru Ishikawa, Hiroshi Yamamoto and Tetsuji Fukuoka ........ 199 Fatigue of Cracked Ship Critical Structural Details: Cracked S-N Curves and Load Shedding T. Xu and R.G. Bea .......................................................................................................................................... 205 Effect of Specimen Thickness on Probabilistic Fatigue Crack Growth Seon-Jin Kim, Sae-Kyoo Oh, Hiroshi Itagaki and Tetsuo Ishizuka ................................................................ 219 Structural Monitoring for Fatigue Crack Detection and Prediction

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Y. Fujimoto, E. Shintaku and S.C. Kim ............................................................................................................ 227 Hydrogen Induced Cracking and Embrittlement in Zeron 100 P.J. Fang and D. Kirkwood ............................................................................................................................. 236 On the Proper Correction of Design Fatigue Curves in Fatigue Assessment of Ship Hull Structures S.V. Petinov and T.I. Letova ............................................................................................................................ 243 Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation: An Inelastic Strain Energy Approach S. Petinov .......................................................................................................................................................... 246 Fracture Mechanics Evaluation of Ductile Vessel Rupture Under LNG-Conditions U. Eisele, P. Julisch, H. Silcher, W. Stadtmüller, D. Sturm and J. Wiedemann ............................................. 250 A Suggested Method of Ship Hull Plating Fracture Toughness Assessment H. Yajima, Y. Huang, M. Yamamoto, M. Tada and H. Kitada ....................................................................... 256 The Low Temperature Fracture Behaviour of a Super-Duplex Stainless Steel (Zeron 1001) A.O. Humphreys, X. Li, M. Strangwood, P. Bowen, M.A. Spence and G.R. Warburton ............................... 263 Evaluation on Elastic-Plastic Fracture Resistance Curve of SA508 and Aluminum Alloy Steels by Load-Ratio Method Han-Ki Yoon, Gee-Jun Cha, Sae-Wook Oh and Won-Jo Park ....................................................................... 269 Development of Long-Time Creep Safety Life Prediction of Steam Turbine Rotor Steel and AE Evaluation: 1st Report. Possibility of Creep Prediction by Initial Strain Method Sae-Kyoo Oh, Seon-Jin Kim and Tae-Eun Jeon.............................................................................................. 275 COMPOSITE MATERIALS Measurement of Stress Intensity Factor Under Mixed-Mode Loading by the Method of Caustics Yuichi Kawagishi, Yukio Hirose and Toshihiko Sasaki .................................................................................. 280 The Use of Recycled High Density Polyethylene Fibers as Secondary Reinforcement in Concrete Subjected to Severe Environment Flynn L. Auchey and Piyush K. Dutta ............................................................................................................. 287 Polyhedrally-Stiffened Composite Pressure Hulls R.H. Knapp and T.T. Le ................................................................................................................................... 292 Failure Criterion of the Mass Concrete Under Combined Compression-Tension Stress States Yu-pu Song and Guo-fan Zhao ........................................................................................................................ 299 Optimization of the Shape of a Hole in Laminated Composite Materials Abhijit Mukherjee ............................................................................................................................................. 304 Numerical Study of Stability of Laminated Composite Shells Using a Finite Volume Technique

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T. Capponi, G. Labonia and M. Marchetti ...................................................................................................... 312 Effects of Delaminations on Composite Tubes Subjected to External Pressure Hayder A. Rasheed and John L. Tassoulas ..................................................................................................... 320 Transverse Fatigue Crack Growth of Graphite/Epoxy Composites in High Pressure Seawater S.T. Mear, J. Stolk, H.G. Wheat and H.L. Marcus .......................................................................................... 327 Hybrid Composite Design: Optimization and Scaling Aspects Ozden O. Ochoa ............................................................................................................................................... 333 Retrofitting and Structural Repair with Advanced Polymer Matrix Composite Materials M. Arockiasamy and P.K. Dutta ...................................................................................................................... 336 MECHANICS AND EXPERIMENTS Estimating Method of Buckling Strength of Rectangular Plates Using Selected Eigenfunction Koji Masaoka, Hiroo Okada and Yukio Ueda ................................................................................................ 341 An Accelerated Solution Algorithm for the Eigenvalue Problem in the Offshore Structural Analysis H. Karadeniz .................................................................................................................................................... 347 Effect of Dishing on In-Plane Stiffness of Stiffened Plates A. Geiro and P. Grundy ................................................................................................................................... 352 Application of Combined Theory of Strength and Stability to Fracture Mechanics Peilin Luo, Kanglin Liu and Hongwu Luo ...................................................................................................... 356 Advantages and Limitations of Using CFD for Gas Dispersion in Offshore Structures S.B.C. Martins, J. Amaral Neto, C. Leal, R.A. Pinto, L.F.S. Oliveira and S.H. Sphaier................................ 362 RELIABILITY AND SAFETY Stochastic Dynamics of Offshore Structures with Non-Gaussian Wave Excitation Jin Wang and Loren D. Lutes .......................................................................................................................... 369 An Analytical Algorithm for Predicting Reliability Confidence Bounds and Applications to Ship Structures Q. Liu ................................................................................................................................................................ 376 Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of Reliability for Marine Structures Defu Liu, Sheng Dong and Chao Wang .......................................................................................................... 380 Structural Reliability Analysis Using Commercial FEM Package Y.S. Yang, J.O. Lee and B.J. Kim ..................................................................................................................... 387 Computer Investigation of Construction Reliability

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Victor A. Kulesh ............................................................................................................................................... 395 Calibration of Models for Slow Drift Motions Using Statistical Moments of Observed Data Todd C. Ude and Steven R. Winterstein .......................................................................................................... 402 Reliability Assessment of Overload Failure of the Heidrun Tethers Sverre Haver..................................................................................................................................................... 410 Fatigue Reliability and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Mooring Chains T. Lassen and K. Syvertsen .............................................................................................................................. 418 Reliability of Stiffened-Plated Panels in Offshore Structures K-T Ma and I.R. Orisamolu ............................................................................................................................. 423 Reassessment of Fixed Offshore Structures Using Reliability and Nonlinear Analyses L.V.S. Sagrilo, E.C.P. Lima and S.G.H. Rodriguez......................................................................................... 431 A Simplified Structural Reliability Analysis Procedure for Use in Assessments and Requalifications of Template-Type Offshore Platforms M. Mortazavi and R.G. Bea ............................................................................................................................. 438 The Setting of Target Safety Levels for the Assessment of Offshore Structures M. Birkinshaw and D. Smith ............................................................................................................................ 447 Reliability-Based Mooring System Design for a Drilling Semisubmersible Kjell Larsen and Jan Mathisen ........................................................................................................................ 457 Simulation Model for Development of Siting Strategies for Mobile Offshore Drilling Units J. Ying and R.G. Bea ........................................................................................................................................ 467 COLLISION AND DAMAGE Grounding Bottom Damage and Ship Motion Over a Rock Bo Cerup Simonsen and Tomasz Wierzbicki ................................................................................................... 476 Large Scale Tanker Grounding Experiments James L. Rodd .................................................................................................................................................. 483 On the Dissipation Energy and Crushing Strength of Stiffened Plates Under Axial Compression J.M. Choung and J.W. Lee ............................................................................................................................... 495 Energy Absorption Capacity of Steel Plates Under Lateral Loading A. Glykas, E. Samuelides and P.K. Das........................................................................................................... 502 A Semi-Analytical Method of Assessing the Residual Longitudinal Strength of Damaged Ship Hull Sheng-Kun Zhang, Qing Yu and Yang Mu ...................................................................................................... 510 Grounding-Induced Sectional Forces and Residual Strength of Grounded Ship Hulls

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Jeom Kee Paik and P. Terndrup Pedersen ...................................................................................................... 517 Collision Simulation of a Double-Hulled Structure with Uni-Directional Girder System Masaru Mizukami, Masayuki Tanigawa, Shin-ichi Nagahama and Sakito Kamei ........................................ 523 NAVAL & MARINE SYSTEMS Systematic Design of an Extensible Membrane for LNG Carrier Tanks Michael French ................................................................................................................................................ 529 Numerical Simulation of Transient Flows Induced by a Berthing Ship Miaomou Chen, Hamn-Ching Chen and D.A. Davis ...................................................................................... 533 Development of a Crane System for High Speed Transportation in Container Terminal Sang-Bong Kim, Sun-Min Kim, Min-Saeng Shin and Jong-Sik Lee ............................................................... 542 Development of a Rapidly Deployed Pier (RDP) Michele Murdoch and Glenwood Bretz ........................................................................................................... 548 An Open Sea Modular Construction Method: Rigid Pontoon Connectors Erick T. Huang ................................................................................................................................................. 553 Recording and Tracking Technologies: Opening a Window to Total Asset Visibility Robert F. Paguio .............................................................................................................................................. 559 ADDITIONAL PAPERS Reliability Based Inspection Planning Applications for Offshore Structures Toula Onoufriou ............................................................................................................................................... 565 The Effect of Residual Stresses and Micro Strain on SCC Resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu System Alloys Hideaki Matsuoka and Yukio Hirose ............................................................................................................... 573 A Mechanism for a Potentially Dangerous Transfer of Energy in Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Dynamic Systems such as TLPs M.R. Hajj, M. Tabaddor, A.H. Nayfeh and D.T. Mook ................................................................................... 577 Analytical Study on Settlement Behavior of Soft Ground Improved by SCP Tamotsu Matsui, Kazuhiro Oda and Yasuyuki Nabeshima ............................................................................. 582 PROC-96-CONTENT

the proceedings of the sixth (1996) international ...publications.isope.org/proceedings/isope/isope...

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