The Problem Encountered by the Balut Industry in Pateros Metro

Manila

By: Distrito, Richel Mae B. Llarves,Marjorie

De Guzman,Paul Kart

Chapter 1

The problem and its Background

Balut a popular Philippine streets foods snacks that challenges even the most exotic foodies worldwide. Also know as an aphrodisiac and definitely a unique food experience that always available at night through vendors that’s rove the streets of the Philippines especially in Pateros which is the smallest land area and the only first rated urban municipality where its popularity has become a tremendously a mighty word to all walks of life in the Philippine and the world for its famous industry of duck raising And the the world renewed egg balut (www.paraisophilippines

Introduction

Pateros the Philippine duck egg capital in Southeast of Manila, It is smallest of seventeen cities and municipalities comprising the metropolitan Manila. Pateros before the time 1700 was only a barrio of Pasig called “Aguho” or “Embarcadero”. Aguho was derived from the name of numerous shady trees planted along the Pateros River, while “Embarcadero “means a small port. As a port, Pateros was the focal point of trade and commerce not only for the entire municipality of Pasig but also for the neighboring towns. It also served as a harbor for the Malay, Chinese, Swedish and Indian vessels that periodically called to disembark merchandise( www.wikipilipinashipnfree.com)

The name The name Pateros came from the Tagalong words “pato” the duck that lays the eggs for balut making, and sapatero the word for shoemakers. These were the reasons why Pateros as the most progressive barrio of Pasig was given the name Aguho or embarcadero. The Chinese trader who eventually settle in the town introduced the famous balut industry and alfombra-slipper making.

But the sound and stable income of Pateros led to issuance by the Spanish governor general of a decree in 1700 creating it as a municipality. In 1896, When the Philippine revolution broke out many Pateros inhabitant joined the katipunan in the struggle for freedom from the Spanish rule. These patriots attached the Spanish soldiers fortified at the Pasig church the following year, The Spaniards retaliated, and after burning Pasig, swooped down on Pateros, Malapad na bato and Taguig. On August 06,1898. Pateros joined the revolutionary government of Emilio Aguinaldo.

On march 29,1990 Pateros was made a municipality by virtue of general order No.40 Act. No. 137 of the Philippine Commission promulgated on June 11, 1901 incorporated Pateros with newly created province of Rizal. Two years later (October 12,1903), Act. No.942 consolidated Pateros, Taguig and Muntinlupa for purposes of economy and centralization, with Pateros as the seat of municipal government. On March 2 2,1905 the municipality of Pateros was change to was change to “municipality of Taguig”. Later, executive order No.20 dated February 29,1908 Separated Pateros from Taguig. Pateros regained its independent status as municipality on January 1, 1909 by virtue of executive order No. 36. On November 07, 1975, Pateros became part of the metropolitan Manila through Presidential Decree no.924.

To day Pateros is popularity has become a mighty word to all a walks of life in the Philippines and in the world for its famous industry of duck rising and the world renowned egg balut.(www.tripatlas.com) .(www.wikipilipinashipnfree.com)(www.dot.com)

Balut making is a traditional industry in Pateros which the legacies that people are still preserving until this generation.

In this study we will trace the historical background, location of balut industry in Pateros and determines the other factor that lead to the growth and decline of the said industry, thus this study would help the potential Balut entrepreneur to know more about the historical and economic aspects of the industry.

This study will help potentials entrepreneur discover area for innovation in balut industry.

This study will be also use of the high school students, college students, graduate students and researchers as their respective studies. Also, this study will enable balut industry appreciate the important contribution of the balut industry in Pateros.

Significance of the study

And lastly this study can also provide information to balut distribution, agents and manufacturer, these individuals help create employment, this they may need about the industry, which will allow them to affect contribution to the employment of future generation in Pateros.

The study focused primarily on the problem encountered by the balut industry in Pateros metro manila.

The study also aims to empirically investigate the location market, traditional making of balut industry in pateros that make it place as a legacy of hand making of balut.

Balut wholesaler and balut vendor are the respondents of the survey conducted to gets the data about problem encountered in pateros.

 

Scope and limitation

Balut- refers to an egg of a duckDuck – refers to an animal or domesticated swimming birdsVendor – refers to a person who sell something In the streetsNative – refers to a old thing in a certain placeAbnory – refers to a reject of certain thingTradition – refers to an old people or culture of a placeSapatero – refers to a shoemakingEggs – refers to an egg of a chicken and duckProduction – refers to the making of a product Supply – refers in providing and satisfying a certain business

due to sufficiency.

Definition of Terms

This study deals with an examination of the problem by the balut industry in Pateros metro manila

Specifically problemSpecifically it sought to answer the following sub

problem

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the followings variables?1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil Status

1.4Occupation

Statement of the problem

2. how do the respondents rate the problem on encountered by the balut industry in Pateros Metro Manila

2.1 Internal Environment Competition on the prices of balut within the Pateros area. Spoiled balut and penoy causing food poisoning and gastrointestinal

problem. Risk on the safety of balut vendor Flood in the low lying area Lack of supply from the supplier within the area of Pateros

2.2 External Environment Seasonal variation in demand and supply of balut Growing of poultry and consumption tremendously  Balut production has not mechanized in favor of the tradition production

by hand.  Future demand for balut is likely to be affected by changing lifestyle and

consumer preference in an increasingly urbanized and westernized society lack of support of the government to the balut industry

The conceptual model that will be used in this study is the input - process - output model where in a series of boxes are connected. The frirst steps shows the problem that occur in the industry second is how will it be conducted so that can gather data and then last clarification, solution and conclusion on the problem.

Conceptual framework

Input Review of

appropriate problem on

the encountered by the balut insudtry in pateros

Output

-Clarification regarding the

solution on the problem

of balut industry in

Pateros- Conclusion on the object of the study.

Process

Survey Questionnair

e

The related literature abd studies reviewed on this chapter which were written by local and foreign authors gave valuable information so the researchers could undertake the present studies on the problem encountered by the balut industry in pateros Metro Manila.

Local literature Accordinbg to the wikipilipinas.org the history of balut making is not

native to the philippiners. A similar preparation is known in china as maodan and chinese traders and migrant are said to have brought the idea of eating fertilized duck egg to the philippines. However the knowledge and craft of balut making has been localized by the balut makers(mangbabalut). Today balut production has not been mechanized in favor of the traditional production by hand. Although balut makers are produced througout the philippines, balut makers in pateros are renowed for their careful selection and incubation of the egg.

Chapter 2Related Literature

According with Mick Fenix he posted an article 2009 under food selection of the philippines daily inquirer on the fear factor in pateros. In this article, he arrived at the following idea:

Every corner advertise balut for sale plus salted egg in pateros where in a balut product industry.

Eggs came from places where duck are tended near the river including the bulacan and some towns in rizal and laguna like victoria that are near in laguna lake.

Most of the eggs are processed in pateros Some are already doing processed where the egg comes from but are

brought to pateros because the place has a cached on balut making Abnoy a filipino colloquil word for abnormal. Balut considered by many

people as to exotic but abnoy is a balut where chicks embryo has died and is therefore rotting. The abnoy can be bought at the market but it is rarely available

According to www.regiondost.gov.ph last june 2008 theres an article that says about duck raising inland varities that duck raising and the balut production are often associated with pateros and either bayside areas. But inland duck raising can be as profitablen as riverside duck raising especially with some duck varities that prefer to water. Ducks are easier to raise than chicken they gain weight easily and are more resistant to sick and disease on varieties the native or pateros duck farm known as itik is the most popular locally vbecause it used for balut industry although smaller than imported breeds they lay eggs frequently but not hatch them thus they are called non sitters.

According to Izah Morales of philippine inquire.net 2008 she talks about balut that featured in one town one product philippines(OTOP) A program of the department of trade and industry geared towards supporting micro,small and meduim enterprises in manufacturing distinctive products. Through the use of local and inddigenous raw material.

According to henrylito Tacio where in he posted last 2009 under income booster and poultry that each can balut produced 40percent to 45 percent return on investment. An additional 15 percent would come from the lower quality of balut known as penoy. For a duck egg to becom a balut 16 to 18 days must elapse while it is being incubated in the balutan. Balut is sold at P10 to P12 per piece,Generally balut is eaten with a pinch of salt ,though some balut eaters prefer chili and vinegar to complement their egg. The egg is savored fo its balance of texture and flavor, the both surrounding of embryo is sipped from the egg before the shell is peeled and the yolk and young chick inside can be eaten all of the content of the egg are consumed.

According to Dr Ernesto Gonzales an asian research center 2009 demonstrate the through integrated socio economic ecologic reserach in pateros the municipality that once the balut capital of luzon In this studies he arrived at the following ideas:

Pateros in 1960 was a prosperous town, occupying 1038 hectares of land, 11,377 households and 3,732 duck producing 100,000 eggs per month which means that over 1000,000 duck eggs could be produced per year.

Pateros in the 1970 changes began to take plave, marked by a massive increase of the population as a result of the eviction from the Manila during the early years of Martial Law as a result Dr. Gonzales applies a more integrated analysis in Pateros.

Social and ecological factor that result show a bleaker picture aith a sustainability ratio per household member of 0.012, meaning that the residual natural and cultural capital are no longer sufficient to sustain the inhabitants,

The crux of the matter in Dr. Gonzales study is that there exist a tipping point, or what he terms as an inflection point in the transitionof a community or a country from a positive ration sustainability to negative sustainability.

The challenges is to achieve progress to a positive sustainability ration. We have a chance if our policies are base on a convergence of disciplinein approach and analysis recognizing the interdependence of ecology, economy and society. Ignoring this approach will be more costly than the loss of our Balut Industry.

Local studies

According to the Up News Letter, October 2010 by the Bernice P. Varona analyze that most Filipinos are familiar with Balut or boiled fertilized duck egg. Although some are squemish about trying this delicacy because the duckling is a half a way formed when eaten. Balut and Salted Eggs product from the mallard duck are still staple in Filipinos diet, thus they arrived in this kind of studies.

The team project applied animal biotechnology for the improvement of the Philippine mallard duck aims to find way to create quality and sustainable duck production through genetic characterization and improvement and to find ways to improve effect on the ducks. One example of the latter would be looking through compatible feeds and housing which would ensures the good health of the duck.

The team aimed to identify and characterized the various genetic groups of mallard duck through physical and molecular characterization. Usually the ordinary balutan(buyer or seller of egg) fertilized the eggs and chick for commercial production without properly identifying the breeds of the ducks. Thus is due to the fact that stock of mallard duck available are heterogeneous in terms of feather color, size and productivity. Proper molecular characterization of the duck used in commercial and breeder stocks through Single Simple Repeat(SSR) based on DNA finger printing will provide a more reliable way of differentiating the breeds. It can therefore and in creating effective duck breeding programs for both producing eggs and raising meat.

According with The University of the Philippines at Los Baños, Institute of animal science, the Philippine demand outlook facing commercial poultry sector(broiler and layers) is positive, due to the production and anticipated income and population growth in the country. However the Philippine poultry industry is still considered inefficient relative to the world’s best practices. This means that the commercials sector is facing increasing threats from import as the world major poultry producers contribute to promote their product and aggressive marketing strategies. To comple, the technologies, reduce input costs and improve marketing efficiency.

According to the Regional Agri Food Trade Commisioner, Southeast Asia and Embassy of Canada Philippines 2009. The products covered by this report are directly linked to agrifood commodities that are produced by Canadian Farmers like barley, wheat and oats, and those with secondary links to such product like Canola meal, whev and other industrial waste product taht can be used in feeds.

In this study says that the Philippine livestock industry is covered by the national agricultural development plan known as Philippine “ Agriculture 2020”. This plan has a goal of boosting Agricultural output by about 7% per annum over the period between 2005 and 2020 which has a focus on raising income levels in rural areas and amongst farming households which has three focuses that are relevant to demand for animal and aquacultural feed:

Fishery development which has been highlighted as a high growth area of potential for the Philippine over the period.

Poultry product production for the export market. Commercial tie ups between private business and livestock farmers,

smallholders in the area of both meat all forms and dairy products.

According to Dr. Rachel Polestico, executive director of the the Appropriate technology center of Cagayan de Oro City Xavier University that ducks in the rice paddies effectively reduces the emission of the green house gas methane. Where methane produce when bacteria decomposes organic matter, is the second most important, greenhouse studies on global warming, about one quarter of global methane emission from human activities comes from livestock and decompostion of animal mamure.

According to october 2007 tim camron on his articel the6 most terrifying foods in the world is about the people can find foods in this world that dont even seems possible. Not just that they could exist, but the people would actually stick this stuff in their mouths without a gun to their head and its syas that our own balut which the top 1 in the most terrying foods in the world. In cambodia and philippine and the fifth and seven level of hell. They are typycally sold by streets vendor at night out of buckets of warm sand. You can spots the vendor fraint otherworly sound of children scraming.

Foreign literature

According to Stefan Anite last 2007 on her article the top 10 weirdest chinese foods wrote about westerners are some kind of barbariance in the in the eyes of chines. This article arrives at the following idea.

Balut(boiled duck embryos) better known from the philippines but it has a chinese origin. In china it is called moadan (hairy egg) moadan is serves skewered

Fertilized duck egg are left on average 12 days and then boiled. The nearly developed embryo is consumed in shell. Moadan is thought to be an aprodisiac and it is in fact a high protein herat snacks. The flavor is savory abd delicious, the texture is satisfying which made the western travelers surpassed the isea of eating something with soft and feathers.

According to the health promotion board of singapore one called egg yolks weigthing about 70 g contains 359 mg of cholesterol. The recommended cholesterol in take for healthy diet should be less than 300mg a day. A single salted egg yolks exceeds the recommended cholesterol intake and if eaten regularly, there mighjt be a grater risk of elevating blood cholesterol level. However many health experts in the west and in the rest of asia beleive not all the cholesterol in an egg can be absorbed, thus the actual negative impact is much less, although net established at this time.

According to heide M. Pascual 2006 journalist of the year for the state of wisconsin (us-sba says that balut is a very important food that has made filipinos very famous all over the worlkd . what makes balut famous abd often notorious is how the western media describes it abd use it to scare or shocks people. Balut is a taboo food item in some western cultures because the egg has an embryo it it, otfen complete with soft and dark feathers. In a way ,there is a baby it it and western folks hate looking at cooked babies regardless of its kind. Do to meat something like it an unborn fetus must be shocking,shameful and reprehensible. It is appaling just to think about doing so, night balut eating has been featured repeatedly in some television shows to disgust contestant and challeges their stomachs such as in extreme cuisine,fear factor, the amazing race asia 2, survivor : palau and travel chanels,bizarre food with andrew zimmern . to a filipino and most asian however it is a very important source of protein which is much cheaper thean chicken pork or beef. It is a delicacy that when eaten together by a family or friend s a gathering that ethazing. Most importantly it is a major source of income for many poor people who lives depends on selling balut everyday.

According to the journal of small business management by frese michael 2006 about the entrepreneurship in the streets food sector of vietnam micro and small scale business have a major influence inthe economy of a country, be it for the reason that they create jobs and provide an income for the population in vietnam, practices in conducting small business determines to a large extent how well averages families live (what goes on in the village or city market) an important part of the urban in formal micro business is the streets food sector. Not much is known of the entrepreneurial activities of vietnam micro business owners in the streets foods vendors. Most of the business in this sector arre not for malized and are therefore outside regulations and outside protection of the government.

According to food and fertilizer technology center 2007 Hanoi vietnam small scales duck production mixed substantial contribution to hopuseholds foods security in developing country i8n asia it also helps diversify incomes and provide quality food energy and renewable assets and many rural households duck easily adapots to vcarious adverse environment6 and our well resistant to a viriety anima diseases. They can grow well with locally available feed needed and less man power is needed to raise them even under meagerly equipped facility so that even women and aged people are able to easily manage the production. However small scales producers are contrained by poor access to appropriate technologies and information as well as markets and supports services which could otherwide substantially improve productivity and income generation.

Foreign studies

According to the world bank 2005 the rice growers on the philippines the golden snails is a pest eating its way through rice puddies,destroying crops.but to the philippines mallards duck farmers, the golden snails are important source a good alternative to expenskive commercial feeds for rice growers their are simply too many golden snails. Snails in the station destroy up to 60% of rice crop, so farmers have often relied on chemical to control the snails resulting to environmental degredation and ic=ncreasing their own production cost. But for duck farmers, the snails are in short supply in lakes ara where mallard ducks farm dedging and pollution have cost both the golden snails and the other indingenous varities to be depleted.

According to Uludag University,faculty of agriculture , department of social science bursci 16059 turkey climate is an important factor of agricultural activity . the fundamental role of agriculture in human welfare concern has been express by many organization andother regarding the potential effect of climate changes an agricultural productivity. Interest of this matter changes in agriculture over the past decade. Climate change is expected to agricultural and livestock production, hydrolic balances,inputs supply and other components of agricultural system

According to the the third ethical theory : cultural relativism posted by dontread 2009 under philosohy the theory is cognitive and subjective too. Ethical sucjectivism on the individual experience while the cultural relativism is base on cultural experience. The justification of the human acts are base on the opinion, beliefs and knwoledges of the culture of the community which we hold to be true and correct. For instance our culture of eating balut (broiled ducks eggs) , it is just so easy for us to eat while other foreigners wont eat this kibd of food. However, this is not a moral case. To make it valid case instead of balut changes it to a fetus. Rumors said that in some cultures a fetus is widely accepted and categorized as a food. They can be spotted and be bought in the marketplace even in broad daylight. Example of cultures that are justifid in one community bu t neglected in the other are the following:

Cannibalism Same sex marriage Cloning Woment as property Slaver Suicide bombings Human sacrifice or offerings Ethnic cleansing Critics of cultural relativism Culture cant be an absolute criterion . different cultures can cause conflicts . Oppressive tendency Disastrous for the weak and the defenseless. In the movie “the island”, if its a culture that values life the it invalidates cloning. But if its culture is

utilitarianism with the use of the maximum technology then it validates cloning as its was mentioned the new american dream

“ all the is necessary for the triumph of evils is that good men do nothing” -Edmund Burke-

According to USDA they provide an annual reports last 2005 about philippine poultry and products and they arrive in this following idea, the Philippine Department of Agriculture had forecat broiler output to decline in 2005, due mainly to a reported decline in day old chicks importation last year. Consumption of broilers meat is projected to contract this year due to a projected slow down in the philippines economy and raising retail prices of chicken. Due tothe projected decline broiler decline output imports of chicken meats,particularly leg quarters, are expected to increase this year. Export of value added chicken product to japan including Us chicken meat that is for further process on in the philippines, have been halted since due to a reported defection of avian influenza.