the preterite tense the preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and...

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The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something which happened as a single event - E.g Comí una manzana – I ate an apple Compare this to the imperfect tense, comía una manzana – I was eating an apple. It can also describe an action which happened more than once, but in a specific period of time or for a specific amount of times – E.g. Vivimos por dos años en Londres - We lived in London for two years. E.g . Ayer comiste dos manzanas – Yesterday you ate two apples. It can be used when you are describing a chain of actions – E.g. Comío una manzana, habló con su padre, y fue a la iglesia – He ate an apple, spoke to his father, and went to church. It can be used to describe the specific beginning or the end of an action – Terminó el examen – He finished the exam.

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Page 1: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

The preterite tense• The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past

and which is seen as complete. • It may describe something which happened as a single event -

– E.g Comí una manzana – I ate an apple– Compare this to the imperfect tense, comía una manzana – I was eating an

apple.

• It can also describe an action which happened more than once, but in a specific period of time or for a specific amount of times –

– E.g. Vivimos por dos años en Londres - We lived in London for two years.– E.g . Ayer comiste dos manzanas – Yesterday you ate two apples.

• It can be used when you are describing a chain of actions –– E.g. Comío una manzana, habló con su padre, y fue a la iglesia – He ate an

apple, spoke to his father, and went to church.

• It can be used to describe the specific beginning or the end of an action –– Terminó el examen – He finished the exam.

Page 2: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

When to Use the Preterite

• When an action was completed• When an action was completed at a

specific time• When an action was completed a

specific number of times• When an action began or ended• When an action interrupts another

action

Page 3: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

the preterite tense – regular verbs, also Ir & Ser

ve Hablar Vivir Comer Ser/Ir

Yo hablé viví comí fui

Tú hablaste viviste comiste fuiste

El/ella habló vivió comió fue

Nosotros hablamos vivimos comimos fuimos

Ellos/Ellas hablaron vivieron comieron fueron

•For the regular verbs, just chop off the ir/ar/er of the infinite and add the ending above. •The irregular verbs ir and ser are exactly the same in the preterite! They are used often so it pays to learn them off by heart.

•Did you notice that the nosotros forms of regular verbs in the preterite stay the same as the present tense?

Page 4: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Preterite refresher

• Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the preterite:

• La primera guerra mundial ………… (terminar) en 1918.

• Yo ……………….. (ir) a la tienda para comprar una revista.

• Tú me ………………. (escribir) una carta bonita.

• Ellos ……………. (hablar) por cinco minutos.

• ¿A que hora tú ……….. (comer)?

VocabLa primera guerra mundial – the First World War

Page 5: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Translate the following sentences:• I changed (cambiar)• You (tú) helped (ayudar)• She decided (decidir)• He distributed (repartir) • They drank (beber)• They sold (vender)• We bought (comprar)• I must (deber)• You (tú) fulfilled (cumplir)• The girls lived (vivir)

Write 3 sentences using the preterite tense

Page 6: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

The imperfect tense

Page 7: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Look at the following 3 sentences.We ate at two every day

The hotel was very big

I used to live with my grandparents

What do they have in common?

Is this done in the same way in each sentence?All 3 of these English tenses can be translated by just 1 tense in Spanish. It is called…

Page 8: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

The imperfect tense is used in Spanish to describe:

•Repeated actions in the past:

Comíamos a las dos todos los días.

(we ate at two every day.)

•Backgrounds details (what someone or something was like or was doing):

El hotel era muy grande.

( The hotel was very big.)

•What people used to do and what things used to be like:

Antes vivía con mis abuelos, pero ahora vivo sola.

( I used to live with my grandparents, but I live on my own now.)

Page 9: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Each of the following sentences contains an example of the imperfect tense.

Hablaba español y francés.

El hotel tenía una piscina climatizada.

Mis abuelos vivían en Madrid.

What is the first thing you notice about this tense?Look at the highlighted words in each sentence.

As a reminder to you, here is the imperfect Tense of –ar/-er/-ir

Page 10: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

The endings

trabajar beber vivir

(yo) trabajaba bebía vivía

(tú) trabajabas bebías vivías

(él/ella) trabajaba bebía vivía

(nosotros)

trabajábamos

bebíamos

vivíamos

(ellos) trabajaban bebían vivían

Page 11: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

The irregular verbsser ir ver

(yo) era iba veía

(tú) eras ibas veías

(él/ella) era iba veía

(nosotros)

éramos íbamos veíamos

(ellos) eran iban veían

ONLY 3!!!!

Page 12: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

The imperfect tense of haber and hay (there is) is había (there was/were).

Había is very useful for describing what things used to be like.

Había mucha gente en la tienda.

( There were a lot of people in the shop.)

Page 13: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Why is it important?

To tell a story in the past successfully you need to be able to use the imperfect for descriptions and repeated actions.For your CXC it is important because talking about past events is one of the things that help you achieve a Grade 2 and above. If you can combine the imperfect with the preterite tense correctly, you stand a better chance of achieving high grades.Things to watch out for

You use the preterite for single events in the past and the imperfect tense for repeated or continuous actions in the past.

Page 14: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

PRETERITE VS. IMPERFECT

When to use these past tenses

Page 15: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

When to Use the Preterite

• When an action was completed• When an action was completed at a

specific time• When an action was completed a

specific number of times• When an action began or ended• When an action interrupts another

action

Page 16: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Phrases that indicate use of the preterite

• Ayer - yesterday• Anteayer – day

before yesterday• Anoche – last night• El otro día• En ese momento• Entonces• Esta mañana

• El año pasado• Hace dos días• Hace cuatro años• Ayer por la mañana• Ayer por la tarde• Esta tarde• La semana pasada• El mes pasado

Page 17: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

When to use the Imperfect

• To state in general when an action took place

• To describe background information• To express weather• To tell time• To tell age• To describe physical and mental states and

conditions, including feelings• To express habitual actions• To express what used to happen• To express what was/were…ing

Page 18: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Phrases that indicate use of the Imperfect

• A menudo• A veces• Cada día• Cada semana• Cada mes• Cada año• Nunca

• En aquella época• Frecuentemente• Generalmente• Muchas veces• Mucho • De vez en cuando• Con frecuencia

Page 19: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

¡OJO!

• Some verbs change meaning depending on whether they are in the preterite or in the

imperfect…

Page 20: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Examples of the preterite vs. the imperfect tenses

Beto estudió anoche.Beto studied last night.

Beto estudiaba todas las noches.Beto used to study every night.

Beto estudiaba cuando se durmió.Beto was studying when he fell asleep.

Page 21: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Preterite or imperfect?Preterite or imperfect?

We went to Australia last yearA year ago he visited the castleYesterday the journey was boringThe hotel was on the coastThe staff were very friendlyI bought a T-shirtYou could do lots of sports

P

P

P

P

I

I

I

Page 22: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Pretérito e imperfectoPon los verbos en la columna correcta:

pretérito imperfecto

fui

estaba

tenía

comimos

comprósaliste

había

hablábamos

Page 23: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Which is correct?:

1. La ciudad era / fue muy turística y bonita.

2. Ayer salía / salí con mis amigos

3. El examen de la semana pasada era/ fue muy difícil.

4. El domingo pasado íbamos / fuimos a una fiesta

5. Los domingos íbamos / fuimos a una fiesta

6. El cine estaba / estuvo cerca de nuestro hotel

7. Antes había / hubo menos estudiantes en la escuela

8. Cuando tenía / tuve 10 años vivía / viví en Granada

Page 24: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

¡A practicar!

Fill in the gaps.

El sábado pasado _____ a Londres. _____ mucho sol y _____en coche con mis amigos y mis padres. _____ a las nueve pero llegamos tarde porque _____ muchísimo tráfico. _____ de compras en las tiendas de Oxford Street. ¡ _____ mucha gente! Luego _____ a un restaurante y yo _____ una hamburguesa con ensalada y _____ una naranjada. Después _____ al museo de arte – _____enorme y _______ a casa a las nueve de la tarde - ¡ _____ muy cansada!

era salimos fui comí había volvimos fui

estaba fuimos había hacía fuimos bebí fuimos

fui hacía

fuisalimoshab

íafuimoshabí

afuimosco

míbebífui

mosera

volvimosesta

ba

Page 25: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Era una noche muy bonita.Hacía calor y estábamostodos en la playa.

The imperfect sets the stage and describes the background of past actions

Page 26: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

• We use the imperfect to describe repeated actions in the past.

Cuando era pequeña ibaa la escuela todos los días,

y también hablaba porteléfono con mis abuelos.

The imperfect is used to describe habitual or repeated actions in the past.

Page 27: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Mientras veía los toros (while I was watching theBulls)

comía un bocadillo.

The imperfect is used to describe two simultaneous actions in the past.

Page 28: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

1. El hotel …………. grande y muy acogedor

2. La habitación (room)…………. sucia y ……… mucho ruido.

3. Por la mañana ………… a la playa.

4. Todas las mañanas ……….. a la playa.

5. ……… en avión. El viaje………….. 8 horas y ……….muy aburrido.

6. Durante mis vacaciones ………….. lugares de interés.

duró erafue

fuiestaba

visitéhabia fui

iba

¿Preterite or imperfect?

Page 29: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Ayer por la tarde, cuando yo fui /iba a mi casa en mi coche, vi/veía a un amigo en la calle. Llovía/llovió y él no llevaba/llevó paraguas. Entonces, yo bajé/bajaba la ventanilla y yo preguntaba/pregunté a mi amigo si quería/quiso acompañarme. Él dio/daba las gracias y subió/subía al coche. Él estaba/estuvo muy mojado desafortunadamente. Cuando yo llegué/llegaba a su casa, su esposa me invitó/invitaba a cenar con ellos. Dije/decía que no y volví/volvía a casa. Estaba/estuve muy cansada.

Page 30: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Traduzca• 1. I was eating an apple.• 2. I was studying Spanish.• 3. Julia used to go to the mall.• 4. We were dancing in the

kitchen.• 5. They used to live in Spain.• 6. My friends were singing in the

restaurant.• 7. They used to go to the bowling

alley.• 8. The museum was quite big.• 9. It was hot and sunny.

• Extension:With the following verbs, make up

your own sentences in the imperfect.

Viajar, trabajar, visitar, ser, ver, estar, enfocar en (to focus on), llevar, escribir, dibujar

• 1. Comía una manzana.• 2. Estudiaba el español.• 3. Julia iba al centro comercial.• 4. Bailábamos en la cocina.• 5. Vivían en España.• 6. Mis amigos cantaban en el

restaurante.• 7. Iban a la bolera.

• 8. El museo era bastante grande.

• 9. Hacía calor y sol.

Page 31: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

L.Objective – to say what you used to do in

the past using the imperfect tense

Page 32: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

1

3

2

5

4

7

6

910

8

1

3

2

5

4

7

6

9

10

8

Page 33: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

• 1. Yo (bailar).• 2. Ella (comer).• 3. Yo (tener).• 4. Ellos (ser).• 5. Nosotros (vivir)• 6. Tu y yo (ver).• 7. Maria y Juan ( ir).• 8. Yo ( viajar).• 9. Mi familia (aprender).• 10. Los chicos (vender).

Translate: 1) I used to swim every day.2) I used to be serious and annoying.3) He used to eat lots of lobsters.4) We always used to go to the water

park.5) My friends used to surf the net.

• 1. yo bailaba.• 2. ella comía.• 3. yo tenía• 4. ellos eran.• 5. nosotros vivíamos• 6. tú y yo veíamos.• 7. Maria y Juan iban.• Yo viajaba.• 9. mi familia aprendía.• 10. los chicos vendían.

• 1. Nadaba todos los días.• 2. Era serio y pesado.• 3. Comía muchas

langostinas.• 4. Siempre íbamos al parque

acuático.• 5. Mis amigos navegaban por

internet.

Imperfect Tense revision

Page 34: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Cuando era pequeño/a....

Objective: To be able to reminisce about your childhood using the imperfect tense!

When you were 4, what was your favourite game?Your favourite food?Your favourite programmeYour favourite story?Your favourite cartoon character?

Page 35: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Cuando era pequeño/a....En mi niñez, me encantaban los dibujos animados. Pasaba horas enteras delantede la televisión y miraba Rainbow y Bagpuss todos los días. Me gustaba tambiénlas películas animadas de Walt Disney, y las veía al cine con mis padres.TOM

Cuando tenía cuatro años, jugaba en el jardín cuando hacía sol. Jugaba con mis amigos y nos disfrazíamos en costumbres de Batman o Spiderman. Mi programafavorito en la televisión era Batman, y mi película preferida era Bambi.MARTINCuando era más joven, comía muchos caramelos y bebía leche con Nesquik. Iba a la guardería infantil de Whitkirk todos las mañanas, y por la tarde dormía en el sofá con mi oso en peluche, Winnie the Pooh. Me escondía detrás de la mesa y leía cuentos de hadas, con dibujos grandes.ANNA

Who a) Used to play in the garden? d) Drank milk?b) Used to go to the cinema with his parents? e) Loved cartoons?c) Had a teddy bear? f) Dressed up as Batman?

Page 36: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Cuando era pequeño/a....En mi niñez, me encantaban los dibujos animados. Pasaba horas enteras delantede la televisión y miraba Dora la Exploradora y Spongebob todos los días. Me gustaban también las películas animadas de Walt Disney, y las veía al cine con mis padres.TOM

Cuando tenía cuatro años, jugaba en el jardín cuando hacía sol. Jugaba con mis amigos y nos disfrazíamos en costumbres de Batman o Spiderman. Mi programafavorito en la televisión era Batman, y mi película preferida era Bambi.MARTINCuando era más joven, comía muchos caramelos y bebía leche con Ovaltine. Iba a la peluquería todas las mañanas, y por la tarde dormía en el sofá con mi oso en peluche, Winnie the Pooh. Me escondía detrás de la mesa y leía cuentos de hadas, con dibujos grandes.ANNA

¿Cómo se dice… a) fairy stories with big pictures? d) I used to hide?b) I used to spend (time)? e) was?c) In my childhood? f) my teddy bear?

Page 37: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something

Cuando era pequeño/a....

Some verbs to help you: Comer –To eat Beber-To drink Leer-To read

Escuchar-To listen to Bailar-to danceJugar-To play Aprender-to learn Tener-to haveEsconderse-To hide Mirar-To watchCreer -To believe Dormir-To sleep

*Don’t forget irregular imperfects Ser-To be, Ver-To see and Ir-To go (pg 194)*

Pretend you are a celebrity! 1 paragraph- introduce yourself and describing your personality.2 paragraph- say what you used to do when you were younger using the imperfect tense. BE CREATIVE Gracias!

Nice expressions you may want to use:Los fantasmas- ghosts, los vampiros-vampires, un juguete- a toy, echar bromas a – to play pranks on…, disfrazarse de zombie – to dress up like a zombie, las cucarachas – cockroaches, las arañas – spiders, los monstruos- monsters, el lodo- mud, divertirse- to enjoy oneself, poner- to put

Page 38: The preterite tense The preterite tense always describes an action which happened in the past and which is seen as complete. It may describe something