The pre-erythrocytic stage, when the parasite is in the hepatocytes

MALARIA VACCINES

Life Cycle Of Malaria

The asexual stage, when the parasite binds and infects the erythrocytes.

Finally the sexual stage, involves vaccines that elicit antibodies which prevent the development of the sexual stage within the midgut of the mosquito

MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENTMALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT • Pre-erythrocytic vaccines.

R32Tox-A

Trial: An average efficiency of 70.9% against Plasmodium falciparum.

Life Cycle Of Malaria

• Asexual stage vaccines Spf66 Trial: In Gambia; >5% effective in

young children.

• Transmission blocking vaccines

Pfs25

Life Cycle Of Malaria

•Multistage-multicomponent versus Single stage vaccines Spf66

NYVAC-Pf7

Trial: Efficiency of 2.8% against Plasmodium falciparum.

Trial 1: In Colombia it gave an efficiency of 33% over all ages and 77.2% over ages < 5 years.

Trial 2: In Gambia it gave an efficiency of 8% in 6-11 month babies and 9% over ages 2-15 years.

 

Occurrence of malaria

Anti-malarial drugs

Quinine (antipyretic drug) extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree.

Chloroquine (less toxic than Quinine)

Prophylaxis; Mefloquine & Halofantrine.

Artemisinin (orally administered) Deoxycycline.