the pre-colonial imagined boundaries

8/2/2019 THE PRE-COLONIAL IMAGINED BOUNDARIES

1/7

3

XFM Z\M-NBGBEDCG DICKDEMH LB]EHC\DM^

HMLCZ\C^CH LCEHTBZCHFTCTGdekudstdn \msmcrnf ]edtDehdce ^tctdstdncg Destdtutm

L.X. \bchObgoctc-;::3:6

3. XFM Z\BLGMI^

Xfm prblgmi ba tfds pcpmr, prmndsmgy, ds gdom tfds0 Bem snfbgcr ds snmptdn clbut tfm mxdstmenm ba

cey dickdemh ectdbe stctdst ibhmg de tfm nbetmxt ba prm-nbgbedcg br nbgbedcg Dehdce kmb-pbgdtdncg

tmrrdtbry ceh cebtfmr bem ds bppbsdek tfds snmptdndsi ly scydek tfct eb-ibhmg- ibhmg ds c

pmnugdcr nbenmre. De rmspbesm tb tfds pbgmidn, tfds pcpmr wbugh hmcg wdtf ce (ue)hmndhclgm

cpbrdc, wfmrm lbtf ba tfmsm ldpbgcr crkuimet ceh nbuetmr-crkuimet wbugh nbfcldt

sdiugtcembusgy. Ly sfbwdek tfrmm nbesmnutdvm prm-nbgbedcg dickdemh mvdhmenms ba uedtcry

dickdectdbes, D wdgg try tb sfbw tfct tfmrm wcs c suppbsmh ibhmg de tfm nbetmxt ba tfm ^butf-

Mcst Csdc, tfbukf tfct ibhmg hbms ebt ictnf wdtf tfm Murbpmce nbuetmrpcrt. Xfus, tfds ds ce

cnnbuet ba prm-nbgbedcg syilbgdn hdstrdlutdbes ba dickdemh lbuehcrdms de tfm kmb-pbgdtdncg

nbestrunt ncggmh Dehdc ceh dt ds cgsb c rmspbesm tb tfm Nfcttmr mm-^me pbgmidn rmkcrhdek tfm

prm-nbgbedcg mxdstmenm br ebe- mxdstmenm ba ce Dehdce ibhmg ba ectdbe stctm. Gmt us try, adrst, tb

uehmrstceh tfm cabrmimetdbemh pbgmidn.

Zcrtfc Nfcttmr`mm rcdsmh tfm abggbwdek qumstdbe0

Da ectdbecgdsi de tfm rmst ba tfm wbrgh fcvm tb nfbbsm tfmdr dickdemhnbiiuedty arbi nmrtcde ibhugcr abris cgrmchy ichm cvcdgclgm tb tfmi ly

Murbpm ceh tfm Cimrdncs, wfct hb tfmy fcvm gmat tb dickdem2.

(Nfcttmr`mm, 344>0=, mipfcsds chhmh)

Xfm qumstdbe, rcdsmh ly Nfcttmr`mm icy gmch us tb c rmchdek tfct cs sb-ncggmh tfdrh wbrgh

gbncg sulcgtmres, wm hb ebt fcvm cey dickdemh ibhmg ceh wm, cs nbgbedcg sul`mnts, crm

begy cpdek tfm hbidecet hbicde. De rmspbesm tb tfds, ^me nbiimetmh0

Xfm nbenmptucg abris ba tfm ectdbe cs ce dickdemh nbiiuedty, wfdnf

Cehmrsbe pmrusms, icy ebt fcvm iunf tb nbiimeh dt (D pmrsbecggy tfdeo tfct

dt hbmslut tfds ds c hdaamrmet dssum), lut tfm amcr tfct dts wmstmre brdkde wbugh

gmcvm us wdtfbut c ibhmg tfct ds bur bwe ds c sbimwfct pmnugdcr nbenmre.

(34410 3;-36, ae. 3>)

Xfbukf Nfcttmr`mm, pmrfcps deagumenmh ly Kcehfd ceh Xckbrm, imetdbemh tfm mssmetdcgdst

mxdstmenm ba ce deemr hbicde, ce uenbetcidectmh sdtm, de tfm nbgbedzmh spcnm, ^mes abrnms ba

crkuimet fch gmh fdi tb sunf prbebuenmimet. De acnt, Nfcttmr`mms qumstdbe (wfct hb tfmy


2/7

(344=). Ecehy mt cg. sfbwmh tfct, de Ku`crct, cpurcec, ncggmh scvcrec purcec, wcs rmpmctmhgy

rmntdadmh tb denguhm Lrcfice-Lcedc-Zctdhcr(fdkfmr ncstms) nbildem ceh tb mxnguhm cvcrec

(butncst), tfm hcgdts ceh gctmr be scvcrecwcs suppgmimetmh ly tfm rblust, ckkrmssdvm hmadedtdbe

ba Fdehutvc.

Ommpdek de ideh, cgg tfmsm nbestrcdets, ebw gmt us gbbo detb tfm purcecs. D ci hmsnrdldek tfmsm

dsb-nbrpbrmcgs cs wmgg cs hdaamrmet tdrtfcs be tfm lcsds ba ^crocr (dldh)0

Hmvd Lfckclct(33-3< N C.H) QDD0 >: 3:6pdtfcs ceh tdrtfcs (scnrmh

krbbvms ceh pdgkrdickms)

Ictsycpurcec 3>tfNf 3:8 tdrtfcs

Xcetrcscrc (3; N C. H.) & @ececrec-

vctcetrc

2 =:pdtfcs

Ocgdocpurcec(33-3< N C.H) 36tfNf ;pdtfcs

Xcetrcnuhciced2 2 =>/=3

Zrcectbsdedtcetrc2 2 3:8 tdrtfcs

^crocr (dhdh) chidttmh tfct tfm sunf dickdectdbes ba dsb-nbrpbrmcgs wmrm ebt bgh mebukftfm =:

tb => lbhy-pcrts ba ibtfmr de hdaamrmet gbnd wmrm suppbsmh tb lm dickdemh arbi 31 tfbr 3;tfN C.

H. Lmabrm tfct tfmrm wmrm tdrtfcs wdtfbut lbhy-pcrts ceh sbimtdims tfmrm wmrm dickdectdbes ba

acggdek lbhy-pcrts ba sctd de sbim ba tfmsm tdrtfcsceh tfmrm wmrm nmrtcde dehmtmridecndms de tfm

ncgnugctdbe ba lbhy-pcrts cs tfmrm crm bvmrgcppdek zbems ceh sbim trces-nmgmstdcg rmkdbes

(hdaamrmet pgcnms ba suppbsmh svcrkc brfmcvme) wmrm cgsb denguhmh. Xfbukf tfm dickdectdbes ba

dsb-nbrpbrmcgs crm sncttmrmh ceh vckum de hdaamrmet snrdpturms cs wmgg cs de icrkdecg hbnuimets,

wfct ds ebtdnmclgm ds tfm brcg trcesidssdbe ba tfm sctd-ecrrctdvm de tfm gcrkm pcrts ba tfm ^butf-

Mcst Csdce tmrrdtbry. [fctmvmr dt icy lm, iy pbdet ds tfct c nbrpbrmcg stctm wcs dickdemh

lmabrm tfm chvmet ba tfm ectdbe-stctdst ibhmg.

Xfds nmgmlrctdbe ba ibtfmr-kbhhmss ct tfm gctmr pcrt ba Dehdce purcecs ds mehcekmrmh ly tfm

hdaamrmet lmtwmme sulstrctui amicgm-wbrsfdp ceh supmrstrctui Lrcfidedncg icgm-wbrsfdp.

Obscild's mxpgbrctdbe be ibtfmr-nugt icy tfrbw sbim gdkfts be tfds dssum cs fm (Obscild,

341


4/7

8

sulsuimh ly tfm Lrcfidedncg nugt (Obscild usmh tfm wbrhs gdom "cssdidgctdbe" "cnnugturctdbe).

Bem nce tcom ce destcenm arbi tfm Fdehu purcec (m.k., Hmvd Lfckclct), wfmrm Lrcficedn

nugturm prb`mntmh tfmdr memiy cs icgm hmibes. Hmvd Hurkc, wfb wcs scdh tb lm lbre but ba tfm

cicgkcictmh icgm-kbhs' pbwmr, abukft ckcdest tfm csurcs 'icgm-hmibes' tb rm-mstclgdsf tfm

icgm-kbhs' sbvmrmdkety. Xfct ds tfm trcnm ba ictrdcrnfy cs dencrectmh de kbhhmss Hurkc. Xfct

wcs cgsb nbmrndvmgy smgvmh ly tfm tfme icgm-nmetrdn rmgdkdbe.

Xfm pcrchbx ba tfm stbry ds tfct tfm dehdkmebus ictrdcrnfy wcs adkftdek wdtf tfm pctrdcrnfcg

csurcs ("hmibes" de gctmr tfm Dehdn nugturm, lut "kbhs" de tfm Drcedce-nbuetmrpcrt) ceh gctmr be

ictrdcrnfy wcs sulsuimh ly tfm prdmstgy (blvdbusgy icgm) nbiiuem ceh wcs prb`mntmh cs wmgg

cs rmprmsmetmh cs Lrcfidedncg kbhhmss ly tfm wcy ba nbmrndvm cs wmgg cs fmkmibedn smgvdek.

Fbwmvmr, cgg tfmsm mvdhmenms ba arckimetmh dsb-nbrpbrmcg ba tfm ibtfmr-kbhhmss nrmctm cebtfmr

prblgmi. Xfm prblgmi wcs decukurctmh ly tfm mipdrdncg fdstbrdces, wfme tfmy wmrm smcrnfdek

tfm rmcg ldrtfpgcnm(s) ba gbrh \cic cs da tfm trum ldrtfpgcnm ba \cic wbugh sbgvm tfm prblgmis

rcdsmh ly tfm ^cekf Zcrdvcr. Da tfct ds ebt tfm ncsm, D wdsf tb chhrmss tfds dickdectdbe ba dsb-

nbrpbrmcg cs tfm ^nfrbhdekmrs nct prblgmi de Crnfcmbgbky. [m hb ebt fcvm cey wdtemss abr

tfm mxdstmenm ba c nmrtcde lbhy-pcrt ba tfm ibtfmr de c nmrtcde pdtfc. [m hb ebt fcvm rdkft tb

hdk tfm sctdpdtfcs tb adeh but tfm abssdgs ba ibtfmrs lbhypcrts. Dt icy lm tfmrmdt icy ebt lm

tfmrm. Fbwmvmr, tfm lbhy-pcrt ds tfmrmbut tfmrm de tfm dickdectdbe ba tfm fuice sul`mnt. Da

ectdbe stctm ds c smnugcr dickdemh metdty, dt ds cgsb c ebe-smnugcr dickdemh metdty. De lbtf tfmsm

twb ncsms, hb wm fcvm cey rdkft tb hdk br mxncvctm tfm idehs ba tfm ndtdzmes ba tfm ectdbe stctm

br tfm psynfm ba tfm lfcotcs(hmvbtmms)2 Xfct wbugh lm cebtfmr ncsm ba hmpgbyimet ba

cectbib-ldb pbgdtdns.

(L) XFM NMGML\CXDBE BA IMGC

Nmrtcde ^butf-Mcst Csdce cquctdn rmkdbes crm smgmntmh de nbeemntdbe wdtf nmrtcde nbeadkurctdbes

de tfm nmgmstdcg spfmrm tb nmgmlrctm rdtucgdstdn acdrs. Zdgkrdis arbi hdaamrmet pcrts ba ^butf-Mcst

Csdc kctfmr (de wfdnf gcekuckm hb tfmy nbiiuednctm2 Ckcde wm fcvm tb tcgo clbut

spbetcembus pgurdgdekucgdsi!) de tfm pcrtdnugcr rmkdbe ceh tfmy crm abridek nmrtcde typm ba

syilbgdn sbgdhcrdty ceh dt icy lm nbipcrmh wdtf tfm nmgmlrctdbe ba ncredvcg. [fct ds ebtdnmclgm

fmrm ds tfm cssbndctdbe cibek kmbkrcpfdncg rmkdbe, cquctdn rmkdbe ceh nmgmstdcg spfmrm. Xfm

kctfmrdek ba hdaamrmet icrkds (7 icrkc br rbch) br pcetfds (7pcetfc br rbch, lbtf imces

abggbwmrs ba nmrtcde icrkcbrpcetfc), ckcde icoms us rmimilmr tfm nbeemntmh pctfwcys de tfm


5/7

=

^butf-Mcst Csdc. Xfbukf, tfmrm ds ce mxnmggmet ceh hmtcdgmh cnnbuet ba pdgkrdickms de Lfcrhwc`

(34;>), D wdgg fmrm begy nbenmetrctm be tfm Ouilfcimgc.

Xfm catmrictf ba nfureedek tfm bnnmce, cspurcecscdh, wcs c adkft lmtwmme csurc/hmibes ceh

kbhs abr twmgvm hcys ceh twmgvm edkfts (mqudvcgmet tb twmgvm fuice ymcrs). Ct tfm ibimet batfds adkftdek, hrbps ba tfm emntcr arbi tfm ouilf (ure) amgg ct abur pgcnms0 Zrcyck, Fcrdhwcr,

]``cde cehEcsfdocgg ba tfmi crm gbnctmh de tfm Ebrtf Dehdc. Xfm prmndsm hctms ba tfm Ouilf

Imgc crm cstrbebidncggy hmtmridemh, lcsmh upbe ckm-bgh blsmrvctdbe ba tfm pbsdtdbes ba tfm

ûe,tfmIbbe [email protected], bem iust rmimilmr, tfm pgcnmimet ba nbestmggctdbe hbms

ebt abggbw nbetmipbrcry cstrbebidncg cnnbuet cs pbstugctmh de tfm hrosdhhfc pce`doc(cgicecn

cpprbvmh ly tfm kbvmreimet ba Dehdc cnnbrhdek tb nbetmipbrcry cstrbebidncgblsmrvctdbes) cs

bppbsmh tb chrosdhhfc pce`doc. Cgg tfm imgcs crm brkcedzmh abggbwdek tfm blsmrvctdbes ba

chrosdhhfc pce`doc (ebe-nbetmipbrcry cstrbgbkdncg cgicecn) tfct abggbws tfm blsmrvctdbes banmgmstdcg spfmrm, ichm =:: fuehrmh ymcrs ckb, tfbukf kbvmreimet spmet cgibst fuehrmh nrbrm

rupmms abr tfds imgc/acrm, tfm pdgkrdis br brkcedzmrs ba tfm imgchb ebt ncrm abr tfm kbvmreimet-

cpprbvmh hrosdhhfc pce`doc. Xfds sfbws c kcp lmtwmme tfm stctdst spcnm ceh mssmetdcgdst deemr

hbicde ba tfm pmbpgm, wfb crm ebt tfm pcrt ba tfm ndvdg sbndmty. D ci ndtdek fmrm tfm lfukbg-

ofckbg ( kmbkrcpfy ceh nmgmstdcg spfmrm) emxus de imgcarbi tfm [dodpcmhdc0

CtZrcyck, tfm Icfc Ouilf Imgc ds fmgh de tfm ibetf baIckfc (@ceucry/Amlrucry de

tfm Krmkbrdce ncgmehcr). Xfm fdkfmst spdrdtucg imrdt ds cttcnfmh tb lctfdek be tfm emw

ibbe hcy, Cicvcsyc, wfme @updtmr ds de Xcurus ceh lbtf tfm ûe ceh Ibbe crm de

Ncprdnbre. Ct Fcrdhwcr, tfm Ouilf Imgc ds fmgh de tfm ibetfs ba Zfcgkue ceh Nfcdtrc

(Amlrucry/Icrnf/Cprdg), wfme tfm ûe pcssms tb Crdms, tfm Ibbe ds de ^ckdttcrdus ceh

@updtmr ds deCqucrdus.De]``cde,tfm amstdvcg ds fmgh de tfm ibetf baQcdsfcofc (Icy), wfme

btfmr pgcemts crm deGdlrc,tfm ûe ceh Ibbe crm de Crdms ceh @updtmr ds deGmb.CtEcsfdo,

tfm Ouilf Imgc tcoms pgcnm de tfm ibetf ba ^frcvcec (@ugy), wfme tfm ûe ceh Ibbe

crm deNcenmr ceh @updtmr ds de^nbrpdb.

Ebw gmt im ibvm tb cebtfmr prblgmitfm prblgmi ba nbiiuednctdbe. Cs pdgkrdis arbi

hdvmrkmet gdekudstdn lcnokrbueh kctfmr de c pgcnm, tfm blvdbus qumstdbe icy lm rcdsmh de bur

ideh0 de wfdnf gcekuckmhb tfmy nbiiuednctm2 Iy ceswmr wdgg lm fypbtfmtdncg bem cs, tfbukf

D fch pcrtdndpctmh de tfmsm imgcs, D hdh ebt fcvm cey bppbrtuedty tb survmy imgcs. Cs pmr iy gdttgm

mxpmrdmenm, dt wcs blsmrvmh tfct tfbukf tfmrm crm nmrtcde gdekudstdn krbup-abrictdbes de hdaamrmet

pbnomts br ncips ba tfm imgc,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_%28planet%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amavasyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capricorn_%28constellation%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalgunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_%28astrology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishakhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libra_%28astrology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shravanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shravanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libra_%28astrology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishakhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquariushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_%28astrology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalgunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capricorn_%28constellation%29&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus_%28constellation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amavasyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_%28planet%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayag


6/7

1

(c) hdaamrmet gdekudstdn obwis mdtfmr prmsmrvmh tfmdr gdekudstdn dhmetdty ly ebt hdsturldek btfmr

spmcomrs dhmetdty cs tfmy wmrm nbiprmfmehdek nbipgmtmgy btfmr spmcomrs hdaamrmet

gcekuckm?

(l) Xfmy wmrm usdek Gcekuckm abr [dhmr Nbiiuednctdbe ceh gcekuckm ba tfm hdaausdbe lmgt

ly dkebrdek tfm stdpugctmh sbgdhdadmh lbuehcry ba ibeb-gdekudstdn ectdbe stctm.

Xfus imgcs crm rmvmcgdek tfm ecturm ba bur pgurdgdekucg mtfbs.

(N) AB]\ ICXFC^ BA ^FCEOC\NFC\TC0

Dt wcs tbgh tfct tfm chd ^fceocrnfcryc (161C.H.) mstclgdsfmh abur ictfcs (ibecstmrdms) de abur

hdaamrmet pcrts ba Dehdc0 (3)tfm ]ttcrieyc ictfc, br ebrtfmre ictfc ct @bsfdictf ? ()tfm Hcosfdeieyc

ictfc, br tfm ^rdekmrd ^fcrchc Zmmtfci, tfm sbutfmre ictfc, ct ^frdekmrd ? (8) tfm

Zcnfdiieyc ictfc, br tfmHwcrcoc Zdtfc,tfm wmstmre ictfc, ctHwcroc . Cgg ba tfmi wmrm

mstclgdsfmh sbimwfmrm de tfm idh-6tf nmetury mcrgy 4tfN C.H tfbukf trchdtdbecg ngcdi ds tbtcggy

hdaamrmet arbi tfds hctm. [fct ds tb lm ebtdnmh, de ncsm ba trchdtdbecg hctms, tfmrm crm cttmipts

arbi tfm ^cekf Zcrdvcr tb strmtnf tfm tdim-rmamrmenm tb tfm hcys ba ybrm. Xfds ds ckcde c ncsm ba

kmemcgbkdncg acetcsy, wfdnf, pcrchbxdncggy mebukf, ds cgsb destdkctmh ly tfm ectdbe stctdst

smcrnfdek abr tfm kgbrdbus pcst.

Xfm ncrtbkrcpfdncg cnnbuet ba sunf pgceemh hdstrdlutdbe ba ictfcs cgsb prbvdhms us c nbenmpt ba

dickdemh lbuehcry, tfbukf tfct ds ebt c ididnry ba Murbpmce ectdbe-stctdst ibhmg. Cpcrt arbi

tfm dickdectdbe ba abur ictfcs de tfm abur nbremrs/ hdrmntdbes ba Dehdce kmb-pbgdtdncg tmrrdtbry,

tfmrm crm, cs rmpbrtmh, cgibst 3:: ictfcs, tfm fmchs ba wfdnf crm ngcdidek tb lm tfm spdrdtucg-

hmsnmehcets/ rmdencrectdbe ba chd-^ciocrcnfcryc. Cgg ba tfmi crm smcrnfdek tfm brdkde ceh

trydek tb cttmst tfm auehcimetcg sburnm wdtfde tfds tmrrdtbry. C sndmetdst ds cgsb hmcgdek wdtf tfm

auehcimetcg sburnm br brdkde (scy, abr destcenm, tfm brdkde ba tfm uedvmrsm) ceh s/fm ds

nmgmlrctdek tfm auehcimetcg oebwgmhkm. Xfmrm icy lm sbim hdaamrmenms lmtwmme tfmsm twb

smnugcr ceh ebe-smnugcr hbicdes, lut tfct hdaamrmenm ds ebt qucgdtctdvm bem, dt ds qucetdtctdvm

hdaamrmenm. De acnt ^cekfc Zcrdvcr ds vdbgmetgy nmgmlrctdek tfct dhmetdty wdtf tfm icdestrmci

sndmenm.

Cgg tfmsm dickdemh mvdhmenms rmideh us tfm rmicdehmr ba prm-nbgbedcg kmemcgbky ba bur bwe

dickdECXDBE^.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/686http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshimathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govardhana_mathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri%2C_Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sringeri_Sharada_Peethamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shringerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwaraka_Pithahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwaraka_Pithahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shringerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sringeri_Sharada_Peethamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri%2C_Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govardhana_mathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshimathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/686


7/7

;

>. NBENG]^DBE0 [FT C\M [M ^MC\NFDEK IBHMG AB\ B]\ ZC^X2

Catmr ndtdek cgg tfmsm trmm mvdhmenms ba bur ibhmg ba dickdectdbes, de nbengusdbe, D ci tfdeodek

ebw tfct tfds ds c autdgm maabrt cs c qumstdbe ds fcuetdek im0 wfy crm wm smcrnfdek abr c ibhmg abr

bur pcst2 Ds dt imrmgy c kmemcgbkdncg acetcsy2

Lbtf Nfcttmr`mm ceh ^me wmrm cexdbus clbut tfm mxdstmenm br ebe-mxdstmenm ba ibhmgs ceh tfm

nbestruntdbe ba Fdehutvc ds cgsb ce didtctmh ibhmgFdehutvc ds c idrrbr dickm ba brkcedzmh

rmgdkdbes gdom Nfrdstdcedty br ^midtdsi. D uehmrstceh tfct Nfcttmr`mm-^me nbugh ebt armm

tfmismgvms arbi tfm fcekbvmr ba ibhmg-tfmbrmtdn cpprbcnf ba tfmdr cnchmidn nugturm. Xfmdr

prmsuppbsdtdbe ba c ibhmg, nmrtcde stdpugctmh brhmr ba tfdeks, fch gmh tfmi abr crkudek abr c

ibhmg br smcrnfdek abr hdaamrmet typms ba brhmr ba tfdeks. De tfm cnchmidn snfbgcrgy nugturm,

cnchmidn trdlms smcrnf ibhmgs ceh tfm detmggmntucg trdlm ds sdiugtcembusgy rm`mntdek tfm lusdemss

ba ibhmgdek de tfm rmcgi ba acsfdbe-sfbws. Lbtf ba tfmsm twb ibhmgdek crm c sdiugcnrui ba

mcnf btfmr. D hb ebt vmeturm tb hdsnuss fmrm tfm prblgmis ba ibhmg-tfmbrmtdn cpprbcnf cs

dedtdctmh ly Ocgdhcs Lfcttcnfcryc (346

the pre-colonial imagined boundaries

Documents