the poultrysite digital - april 2013 - issue 28
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Global News, Features and Events for the Poultry Industry.TRANSCRIPT
EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
APRIL 2013 – ISSUE 28
NOVEDAD: Enfoque latinoamericano del editor principal de ElSitioAvicola, Chris Wright
Wide Range of Nutrition TopicsAddressed at Atlanta ForumReview of a selection of the papers of feeding and nu-trition of poultry presented at the International Poul-try Scientific Forum 2013, summarised by senioreditor, Jackie Linden.
The first ‘Metabolism and Nutrition’ session at the International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF), held in
Atlanta, US in January 2013, included papers on anumber of topics that are the focus of new researchon poultry. In addition to well-researched areas of dis-tillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS), feed en-zymes and amino acid requirements, important workon calcium sources, feed particle size and mycotoxinswas also reported.
This feature is continued on page 4
April 2013 – Issue 28
Russia and Ukraine Produce One inThree of Europe's Eggs - P8
Egg production in Europe overall has grown fromaround 9.5 million tonnes in 2000 to 10.6 milliontonnes in 2011, according to industry analyst, TerryEvans.
Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystified - P16
White striping is a recently recognised defect ofchicken breast meat that could affect acceptance byconsumers. This article reviews the work done toinvestigate the condition at the University ofArkansas, showing that the condition is associatedwith large fillets.
Effects of Diet Dilution Source andLevel on Performance and Behaviourof Pullets - P14
Diluting the diet with 15 per cent of sunflower seedextract or oat hulls reduced feather pecking andfeather damage in non-beak-trimmed pullets fromday-old to 18 weeks of age, according to new re-search from Wageningen University.
EDITORIAL 03
LATEST POULTRY INDUSTRY NEWS
Feeding & Nutrition 18
Health & Welfare 24
Breeding & Genetics 26
Biosecurity & Hygiene 30
Housing & Equipment 32
Incubation & Hatching 34
Processing & Packaging 36
ELSITIOAVICOLA.COM 38
INDUSTRY EVENTS 42
BUSINESS DIRECTORY 44
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COVER STORY
Wide Range of Nutrition TopicsAddressed at Atlanta Forum
Review of a selection of the papers of feeding and nu-trition of poultry presented at the International Poul-try Scientific Forum 2013, summarised by senioreditor, Jackie Linden.
P1
With feed topping the list of variable costs in poultry meat and egg production,‘Nutrition and Feeding’ is the main topic of this edition of ThePoultrySite Digital.
With the high prices for traditional feed ingredients becoming the norm and theconstant threat of volatility in supply, poultry nutritionists need to be ever moreflexible in diet formulation. They need research data to achieve this – on nutrientrequirements, ways of making more of the nutrients available, the compositionof new feed ingredients and how to keep birds healthy with less medication,among others.
The first article in this issue is a review of a selection of the papers of feedingand nutrition presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum 2013, cov-ering calcium sources, feed particle size, feed enzymes, amino acid requirementsand getting the most from distillers grains (DDGS). There was also a paper linkingmycotoxins with necrotic enteritis, a digestive condition that causes significanteconomic losses in broiler production, especially where in-feed anticoccidials arenot used.
In the Netherlands, new research has revealed how nutrition can affect welfareby reducing feather pecking in pullets.
Changing topic, seasoned industry watcher, Terry Evans continues his analysis ofthe trends in the global egg industry, turning his attention to Europe, wherearound one-third of the total production originates in Russia and the Ukraine.
Finally, we have a review of current knowledge about white striping, a defect ofchicken breast meat, which has only recently been recognised in the US.
Jackie Linden
Editorial
Nutrition &Feeding
Jackie LindenThePoultrySite.com Senior [email protected]
Contact
Jackie LindenSenior [email protected]: +44 (0) 1234 818180
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Chris HarrisEditor in [email protected]: +44 (0) 1234 818180
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Continued from page 1
Wide Range of Nutrition Topics Addressed at Atlanta Forum
4
CALCIUM SoURCESAn in-vitro evaluation of calcium sources and particlesizes on calcium and phosphorus solubility was re-ported by Hannah Wladecki of Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and State University (1).
She concluded that particle size affected the solubilityof both calcium and phosphorus. However, the re-sponse was dependent upon calcium source and lo-cation. The fine and medium particle sizes and highlysoluble marine calcium source diets had the highestcalcium solubilities overall.
Also from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni-versity and including authors from AB Vista, DiegoPaiva described his investigation into the effects ofcalcium levels and source as well as phytase supple-mentation on disease, focusing on the effects duringa natural outbreak of necrotic enteritis (2).
He concluded that the lower calcium level (0.60 percent) resulted in better broiler performance andthere were indications that dietary calcium can in-duce mortality from necrotic enteritis.
The 21-day trial had a 2×2×2 factorial design, whichincluded two dietary levels of calcium (0.60 per centand 0.90 per cent), two calcium sources (limestoneand calcified seaweed) and and two levels ofan E.coli phytase (0 and 1,000FTU per kg).
Birds began exhibiting clinical signs of necrotic enteri-tis (NE) on day 9 and elevated NE-associated mor-tality persisted until the end of the trial. Mortality wassignificantly affected by an interaction between cal-cium source and level; significantly higher mortalitywas observed when birds were fed diets formulatedwith 0.90 per cent calcified seaweed than 0.60 percent calcium, regardless of calcium source, and 0.90per cent calcium diets formulated with limestone.
MyCoToxIN PREDISPoSES BIRDS ToNECRoTIC ENTERITISContinuing on the theme of the feed-related causesof necrotic enteritis, Gunther Antonissen of the Uni-versity of Ghent in Belgium reported that the my-cotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DoN), predisposes
broilers to necrotic enteritis by affecting the intes-tinal barrier (3).
He and his colleagues at Ghent as well as from theInstitute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research inMelle, Belgium, and Biomin Research Center ex-plained that Clostridium perfringens-induced subclinicalnecrotic enteritis and mycotoxins both cause impor-tant economic losses in the broiler industry. TheFusarium mycotoxin, DoN, is a common feed con-taminant that can affect the intestinal epithelial barrierfunction, and may as a result increase the availabilityof free amino acids in the intestine. This, Gunther An-tonissen explained, can promote the massive intes-tinal proliferation of C.perfringens.
Their study aimed to evaluate and explain the predis-posing effect of DoN on necrotic enteritis, using anin-vivo infection trial mimicking subclinical necroticenteritis and comparing intestinal lesions in broilersafter feeding DoN at a contamination level below theEuropean maximum guidance level of 5,000µg kgfeed, with broilers receiving non-contaminated feed.
The researchers found significantly more chickensshowed necrotic enteritis lesions in the in-vivo studywhen their diet was contaminated with DoN. It ap-peared that DoN altered intestinal barrier functionbut not the in-vitro growth of C.perfringens strains.
FEED MANUFACTURING AND PARTICLE SIzEA study investigating the effect of calcium ligno-sulphonate and mixer-added fat on feed manufactureand the performance of broilers aged 23 to 42 dayswas reported by Alina Corey of West Virginia Univer-sity (4).
The results demonstrate both of the additions affectfeed manufacturing variables, and combined with feedform, they can affect broiler performance. The mech-anism of interaction remains unclear.
Pelleting technique can affect feed form and nutrientavailability, reported Ms Corey. Past research demon-strates that increased mixer-added fat (MAF) de-creases frictional heat and pressure within the pelletdie. The increased lubrication can maintain digestibility
5
FEATURE ARTICLE
of heat-sensitive nutrients but may also decrease pel-let quality. The use of pellet binders, such as calciumlignosulphonate, could enable high inclusions of thefat without causing detriment to pellet quality, theyhypothesised.
The use of the pellet binder increased broiler feed in-take and live weight gain. In addition, a three-way in-teraction of main effects occurred for feedconversion ratio. The interaction demonstrated thatthree per cent mixer-added fat was most beneficialto feed conversion for ground pellets and that thebenefit was dependent on the interaction of the fatand binder for pellets.
Satid Auttawong of North Carolina State Universityreported a litter floor pen experiment evaluating theeffects of maize (corn) particle size, dietarymetabolisable energy (ME) level, mixer or post-pelletliquid fat application and time-limited feeding onbroiler live performance to 28 days of age (5).
Although coarsely ground maize had a negative effecton feed intake during the starter phase, this was ac-companied by improved adjusted feed conversionratio, he reported. Both the higher dietary ME fromadded fat and coarse maize treatments improved ad-justed feed conversion ratio independently.
In the experiment, chicks were assigned to a factorialarrangement of treatments consisting of two dietaryinclusions of coarse maize (0 and 20 per cent or 0and 35 per cent of total maize in starter and growerdiets, respectively), two dietary metabolisable energy(ME) levels in grower diets (2.95kcal or 3.05kcal MEper g), two liquid fat application methods (all fat inmixer or 0.75 per cent in mixer plus the remainderadded post-pellet) and two feeding programmes (adlibitum or time-limited). The fine maize was groundwith a hammermill to 262 microns (2.4mm) while thecoarse maize was ground with a roller mill to 1,082microns. The two were blended to create the coarsemaize inclusion levels.
In a related experiment, also from North CarolinaState University, yi xu reported an evaluation of theeffect of coarse maize inclusion on broiler growthperformance, digesta retention time and gastrointesti-nal characteristics (6).
There were no differences in feed intake or body-weight at 42 days of age. There was an improvementin adjusted feed conversion at 35 days (1.82 versus1.74 and 1.69) and 42 days (1.94 versus 1.86 and 1.82)of age for the birds fed the 25 per cent and 50 percent coarse maize diets as compared to 100 per centfine maize, respectively.
Differences were observed between treatments ingizzard weight at 42 days of age, gizzard pH at 28 daysof age, tensile strength of the ileum and digesta re-tention time.
In further work on coarse maize from North CarolinaState University, the effects were investigated of phy-tase enzyme in broiler diets containing low phytateversus normal phytate soybean meal on male broilerlive performance, development of the gizzard andproventriculus and total phosphorus digestibility (7).
Basheer Nusairat concluded from the results that thedigestive environment created by both soybean mealphytate level and coarse maize affect phytase functionand that these effects may involve changes in gizzardand proventriculus weight and function.
Feed intake and live performance to 21 days of agewere not affected.
FEED ENzyMESAn experiment conducted with Enzyvia LLC and Fos-ter Farms to evaluate the inclusion of a cocktailNSPase (Enspira) in low energy maize-soybean mealdiets on broiler growth performance and carcassyield was reported by Joseph Klein of Texas A&M Uni-versity (8).
The data confirm that NSPase inclusion in low-energydiets improves growth performance and processingyields in maize-soybean meal diets.
The experimental design included three dietary treat-ments including a positive control, negative controlwith a reduction of 130kcal per kg throughout theexperiment compared to the positive control and thenegative control diet supplemented with the enzyme.
The addition of a novel, heat-stable xylanase de-creased digesta viscosity and increased apparent
Wide Range of Nutrition Topics Addressed at Atlanta Forum
6
metabolisable energy (AME) of broilers when in-cluded in both mash and pelleted wheat-based diets,according to I.B. Barasch of North Carolina State Uni-versity following three experiments with BioRe-source International, Inc. (9).
There was a linear increase in AME with increasing xy-lanase enzyme concentration in two of the trials; inone, the AME was increased 140kcal per kg with 640units per kg of the enzyme versus the controls fed noenzyme, while in the other, supplementation at 1,920units per kg provided a 200-kcal per kg increase inAME over broilers fed an unsupplemented diet.
Beta-mannanase enzyme was hypothesised to im-prove the nutritional value of soybean meal-contain-ing diets for turkeys by enhancing dietary energyutilisation and gut health by Ayuub Ayool of NorthCarolina State University (10).
Turkey poults were fed experimental diets consistingof a 2×2 factorial arrangement of two levels of dietaryenergy differing by around 150kcal ME per kg (highversus low fat) and two dietary inclusion levels ofendo-beta-mannanase (0 versus 0.05 per centCTCzyme® from CTCBIo, Inc. of Korea).
The results showed that, although dietary enzymesupplementation had minimal effect on growth per-formance and nitrogen-corrected AME, it appearedto improve intestinal mucosa health, nitrogen reten-tion and fat digestibility, especially when fed high-fatdiets.
AMINo ACID REQUIREMENTSIn a trial with Poultry Technical Nutrition ServicesLLC, Kate Meloche and colleagues from Auburn Uni-versity investigated the growth of male broilers feddiets varying in digestible threonine from one to to14 days of age (11).
Using the linear broken line method, she reportedoptimal threonine to lysine ratios for bodyweight gainand feed conversion to be 70 and 68, respectively.These data support a minimum digestible threonineratio of at least 68 for Hubbard × Cobb 500 malebroilers to 14 days of age, she said.
Also from Auburn University and working with Poul-
try Technical Nutrition Services LLC, Kurt Perrymanconcluded from his experiment that increased di-etary amino acid density from one to 42 days of ageoptimises profitability in Ross × Ross 708 malebroilers (12).
They used a total of five experimental diets differingin digestible lysine content: basal, industry low, indus-try high, requirement and summit, which hadweighted (based on feed intake) digestible lysine con-centrations of 0.86, 0.93, 1.00, 1.07 and 1.14 per cent,respectively.
The birds grew faster and more efficiently when theyconsumed higher concentrations of digestible lysine.Economic return was maximised (at $3.89 versus$3.56 per bird) for broilers fed diets formulated totheir amino acid requirements (1.07 per centweighted digestible lysine.
Working with Adisseo of France, Kevin Bolek of IowaState University reported his experiment looking atthe effect of chick methionine status and methioninesource on broiler performance and physiological re-sponse to acute and chronic heat stress (13).
Results indicate that heat treatment had significantadverse effects on bird performance but did not im-pact hepatic glutathione concentrations. The re-searchers observed that birds were able to adaptquickly to changes in blood parameters as differencesin blood chemistry noted over the acute exposurewere not seen after six days of heat exposure.
Neither methionine source nor concentration af-fected the parameters in this experiment, an obser-vation that was attributed to the adequate dietaryconcentrations even under high environmental tem-peratures.
DDGSThe recent trend of removing oil from the thin stil-lage before mixing with residual grains has resultedin new dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)products with reduced oil content, according to RajMurugesan (14).
He and colleagues at Iowa State Univeristy conducteda chick metabolisable energy experiment to deter-
7
FEATURE ARTICLE
mine the effects of oil removal from DDGS on thenitrogen-corrected AME in broiler chicks.
Their results indicate that in broilers at 27 to 28 daysof age, each one per cent decrease in the oil contentleads to a 45.6kcal reduction in AMEn of DDGS.
Megan van Benschoten of the Alltech-University ofKentucky Nutrition Research Alliance tested a strat-egy to increase the level of DDGS fed to brown layinghens (15).
They found that inclusion of up to 35 per cent DDGSin the diet can reduce feed intake in early lay andoverall egg production. Including Alltech PN BroilerGrower Premix appeared to lessen these negative ef-fects and increase Haugh units.
REFERENCESAll papers were presented at the International Poultry ScientificForum 2013. Atlanta, Georgia, US. 28 to 29 January 2013.(1) Wladecki H. and A. McElroy. In vitro evaluation of calciumsources and particle sizes on calcium and phosphorus solubility.(2) Paiva D., C. Walk and A. McElroy. Calcium, calcium source andphytase impact on bird performance during a natural necroticenteritis outbreak.(3) Antonissen G., F. Van Immerseel, F. Pasmans, R. Ducatelle, F.Haesebrouck, L. Timbermont, M. Verlinden, G. Janssens, M. Eeck-hout, S. De Saeger, P. Boeckx, E. Delezie, S. Hessenberger, A. Mar-tel and S. Croubels. Deoxynivalenol predisposes for necroticenteritis by affecting the intestinal barrier in broilers.
(4) Corey A., K. Wamsley, T. Winowiski and J. Moritz. The effectof calcium lignosulfonate and mixer-added fat on feed manufac-ture and 23-42d broiler performance.(5) Auttawong S., J.T. Brake, P.R. Ferket, C.R. Stark and S. yahav.The effect of maize particle size, dietary energy level, post pelletliquid fat application, and time-limited feeding on broiler live per-formance to 28 days of age.(6) xu y., C. Stark, P. Ferket and J. Brake. Evaluation of roller millground maize inclusions on broiler growth performance, digestaretention time, and gastrointestinal tract characteristics.(7) Nusairat B., J. Brake, C. Stark and S. yahav. Effects of phytaseenzyme in combination with 50 per cent coarse maize in broilerdiets containing low phytate versus normal phytate soybeanmeal on male broiler live performance, development of the giz-zard and proventriculus, and total phosphorus digestibility.(8) Klein J., M. Williams, B. Brown, S. Rao and J. Lee. Effects of di-etary NSPase inclusion in low energy maize-soybean meal dietson broiler performance and carcass yield.
(9) Barasch I.B., J.L. Grimes, P.E. Biggs, J.D. Garlich and J.J. Wang. Theeffect of a novel, heat-stable xylanase on digesta viscosity and ap-parent metabolizable energy when fed to broiler chickens.(10) Ayoola A., P. Ferket, R. Malheiros and J. Grimes. Effect of B-mannanase supplementation of high and low fat diets on energyand protein utilization, gut morphology and mucin secretion ofturkey poults.(11) Meloche K., P. Tillman and W. Dozier III. Growth perform-ance of male broilers fed diets varying in digestible threoninefrom 1 to 14 days of age.(12) Perryman K., P. Tillman, W. Dozier III. Increased dietaryamino acid density from 1 to 42 d of age optimizes profitabilityin Ross × Ross 708 male broilers.(13) Bolek K., y. Mercier and M. Persia. The effect of chick me-thionine status and methionine source on broiler performanceand physiological response to acute and chronic heat stress.(14) Murugesan G.R., B. Kerr, T. Weber and M. Persia. Energy uti-lization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (Ro-DDGS) in chicks.(15) van Benschoten M., A. Pescatore, A. Cantor, T. Ao, R. Samuel,M. Ford, W.D. King and J. Pierce. Program Nutrition strategy onthe productive performance and egg quality of brown laying hensfed distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diets.
Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs
8
Global Poultry Trends
Russia and Ukraine Produce One inThree of Europe's Eggs
Egg production in Europe overall has grown fromaround 9.5 million tonnes in 2000 to 10.6 milliontonnes in 2011, according to industry analyst, TerryEvans. This expansion can be largely attributed to Rus-sia and Ukraine as output from EU countries has in-creased negligibly.
World egg production expanded by 1.2 milliontonnes or a little less than two per cent in 2011, ac-cording to provisional data released by the Food andAgriculture organisation (FAo). Increases wererecorded throughout the regions but in particular theAmericas, Asia and Europe. It should be noted how-ever, that for many countries the data is unofficial andtherefore, subject to revision.
Should this estimate prove correct and growth con-tinues at that rate, then in 2013, world egg output (in-cluding hatching eggs which are estimated to bearound five per cent of the total) could exceed 67million tonnes. However, due to the difficult financialenvironment that has persisted worldwide over thepast couple of years, it is likely that in many countriesgrowth has, at best, been minimal and for some, pro-duction will have contracted. Hence, the actual totalfor 2013 is more likely to be between 65.5 and 66.0million tonnes (Table 1 and Figure 1).
Looking at the period 2000 to 2011, while growth hasoccurred in all regions the slowest rate of expansion- one per cent a year - was in Europe. Indeed, as the
Image courtesy Sanovo
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GLobAL PoULTRy TRENds
more detailed figures presented in Table 2 reveal,while production in Europe as a whole is consideredto have grown from 9.48 million tonnes to 10.64 mil-lion tonnes, the increase in the European Union (EU)showed an annual average gain of less than 0.2 percent, underlining the point that Europe’s expansionhas been predominantly linked to expansion in theegg industries outside the EU. Indeed, EU table eggoutput is thought to have contracted by possibly twoper cent in 2012 although a recovery of approxi-mately this amount is anticipated in 2013.
While the total number of layers in Europe has in-creased from around 700 million in 2000 to 787 mil-lion in 2011, the number of birds in the EU has hardlychanged at around the 480-million mark.
Although production in Europe expanded by almost1.2 million tonnes during the review period, just twocountries - Russia and Ukraine - accounted for some956,000 tonnes or 83 per cent of this increase. out-put in Russia, the largest producer in Europe, rose bya moderate 1.7 per cent a year, climbing from 1.9 mil-lion tonnes to about 2.3 million tonnes. In sharp con-trast, production in the Ukraine rocketed by morethan seven per cent a year from a shade below500,000 tonnes in 2000 to exceed one million tonnesin 2011. As a result, the EU’s contribution to the Eu-rope total has declined from around 70 per cent in2000 to 64 per cent in 2011.
A report in September 2012 on the competitivenessof the EU egg industry by Peter van Horne of the Agri-
Region 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011P 2012E 2013E
Africa 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8
Americas 10.4 11.7 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.8 12.9 13.2 13.2 13.2
Asia 29.0 32.6 33.0 34.5 36.3 37.0 37.6 38.2 38.4 38.6
Europe 9.5 9.9 10.1 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.6 10.6 10.6
oceania 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
WORLD 51.0 56.6 57.9 59.6 61.7 62.8 63.8 65.0 65.3 65.5
Table 1. World hen egg production (million tonnes)
P = preliminarySources: FAO to 2011; 2012 and 2013 = author's estimates
0
10
20
30
40
50
70
60
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania World
2012E 2013E2010 2011P200920082007200620052000
Figure 1. World hen egg production by region (million tonnes)
Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs
10
Table 2. Hen egg production in Europe ('000 tonnes)
- no figureSource: FAO
Country 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011P
Albania 21.0 27.3 26.5 27.2 29.7 30.0 31.3 31.8
Austria 86.1 89.3 90.6 95.2 96.2 92.0 94.6 102.7
Belarus 182.3 172.4 185.0 179.0 183.7 190.3 196.0 208.0
Belgium 194.2 179.8 194.0 174.2 161.0 152.6 157.5 161.0
Bosnia/Herzegovina 18.2 17.6 17.0 20.3 26.2 23.6 34.7 30.5
Bulgaria 82.1 97.0 99.2 97.4 93.7 88.7 89.3 73.5
Croatia 46.5 49.4 50.7 48.2 47.2 48.3 42.3 41.5
Czech Republic 188.0 89.5 86.7 93.0 98.9 97.6 122.1 124.6
Denmark 74.3 79.8 77.0 78.0 81.0 73.9 76.4 78.6
Estonia 15.8 13.1 11.4 9.9 9.2 10.8 11.4 11.4
Finland 58.5 58.2 56.7 57.0 58.3 53.9 61.5 62.8
France 1,038.0 930.1 908.3 878.4 801.3 918.3 844.3 839.5
Germany 901.0 795.0 796.5 785.6 789.6 699.0 662.4 777.1
Greece 116.6 110.1 99.5 97.3 101.8 108.8 99.8 99.8
Hungary 176.4 164.7 164.2 157.9 159.9 155.9 151.8 138.1
Iceland 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.4
Ireland 32.4 37.5 38.1 33.8 41.2 41.6 45.0 45.0
Italy 686.1 722.2 678.9 724.0 750.0 812.5 736.8 736.8
Latvia 24.4 33.4 35.7 42.1 40.3 42.9 45.0 41.9
Lithuania 41.5 51.9 53.4 55.0 54.8 47.8 46.4 43.8
Luxembourg 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5
Macedonia Rep. 25.5 19.0 18.5 18.0 15.5 15.4 18.8 16.6
Malta 5.4 5.9 7.3 7.6 8.2 7.0 5.1 4.5
Moldova Rep. 32.0 42.5 42.7 39.3 31.4 35.8 40.2 39.3
Montenegro - - 2.3 3.6 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.8
Netherlands 668.0 607.0 611.0 621.0 627.0 638.0 670.0 692.0
Norway 46.9 50.7 50.6 53.2 56.0 58.9 59.9 57.8
Poland 423.8 536.0 537.2 546.8 581.7 605.0 618.5 576.7
Portugal 117.4 118.2 119.1 121.6 123.5 124.2 131.1 122.8
Romania 262.8 355.4 356.7 311.3 333.6 297.3 297.5 304.3
Russian Federation 1,894.6 2,049.9 2,100.0 2,121.8 2,118.5 2,194.5 2,260.6 2,283.6
Serbia - - 72.8 68.8 60.2 59.0 70.1 70.1
Serbia/Montenegro 72.0 76.6 - - - - -
Slovakia 60.8 62.9 70.3 72.5 71.3 70.6 74.7 74.7
Slovenia 22.7 14.3 14.3 15.8 19.4 21.5 21.6 21.4
Spain 657.6 708.5 826.7 825.0 812.4 829.5 830.0 830.0
Sweden 102.0 102.0 99.0 95.0 102.0 105.0 111.0 116.0
Switzerland 36.3 37.9 38.9 38.8 39.3 43.5 45.3 45.6
Ukraine 496.6 748.1 815.6 807.2 855.2 883.8 973.9 1,064.2
United Kingdom 568.6 609.0 594.0 579.3 600.1 603.0 658.0 662.0
EUROPEAN UNION 6,616.0 6,581.2 6,636.1 6,584.3 6,627.7 6,708.5 6,671.8 6,752.2
EUROPE 9,479.8 9,866.0 10,050.3 10,004.0 10,086.2 10,287.5 10,442.3 10,638.6
WORLD 51,013.1 56,609.9 57,934.7 59,588.0 61,703.7 62,762.1 63,753.0 65,002.6
cultural Research Institute at Wageningen in theNetherlands, revealed that, in 2010, the average pro-duction cost in the Ukraine was some 79 per cent of
that for the EU. However, although production costsin the EU have since increased by more than 15 percent as the result of the implementation of European
11
GLobAL PoULTRy TRENds
legislation on environmental protection, animal welfareand food safety, the high costs of transport and importtariffs have meant that Ukrainian eggs cannot competeon price within the EU. However, Ukraine is now in thelist of authorised countries to export to the EU andthis country might send eggs for breaking.
Although the banning of conventional cages in EUmember states from 1 January 2012 caused marketdisruption, it was not as serious as some had predicted.While production declined in a number of countries,it is considered that the EUs level of self-sufficiencyonly slipped from 102 per cent to around 100 per cent.For 2013, a slight recovery is anticipated.
While the Russian Federation is easily the leadingproducer in Europe, accounting for more than one-fifth of the total in 2011 (Tables 2 and 3), Ukraine isquickly cementing its position in the number two spotin the production league. Back in 2000, Ukraine’s eggindustry was the eighth largest in Europe with pro-duction equating to little more than a quarter of thatfor Russia. By 2011, the Ukraine was not only firmlyestablished as the second largest producer in the re-gion but its output was equivalent to almost 50 percent of the Russian total.
Like in the other major egg-producing regions, only arelatively few countries account for the bulk of pro-duction. In Europe, the top nine countries - all pro-ducing more than 500,000 tonnes a year - had acombined output estimated at 8.5 million tonnes, oraround 80 per cent of the regional total in 2011(Table 4 and Figure 2). Not surprisingly, these ninecountries also account for almost 80 per cent of theEuropean human population.
Since 2000, the egg industry in Russia has expandedby a little less than two per cent a year as output hasclimbed to 2.3 million tonnes. While there may besome 160 million layers in the country, the commer-cial sector is considered to be around 140 million, allhoused in cages, with the split between brown andwhite birds put at 50:50. Estimates of the number ofeggs produced vary according to source but for 2011it would appear to have been around 43 billion.
Most of production comes from the Volga Federal Dis-trict with an estimated 10.3 billion eggs in 2010, fol-
lowed by the Central Federal District with 8.2 billionand the Southern Federal District with 5.8 billion. Ac-cording to Russia’s agricultural analysis agency, Naviga-tor, although there are some 450 large layer farms,possibly just 150 are operating at full capacity. That manyfarms are operating below capacity reflects the low lev-els of profitability as producers wrestle with rising pro-duction costs. While this is expected to slow industry
Russian Federation 2,283.6
Ukraine 1,064.2
France 839.5
Spain 830.0
Germany 777.1
Italy 736.8
Netherlands 692.0
United Kingdom 662.0
Poland 576.7
Romania 304.3
Belarus 208.0
Belgium 161.0
Hungary 138.1
Czech Republic 124.6
Portugal 122.8
Sweden 116.0
Austria 102.7
Greece 99.8
Denmark 78.6
Slovakia 74.7
Bulgaria 73.5
Serbia 70.1
Finland 62.8
Norway 57.8
Switzerland 45.6
Ireland 45.0
Lithuania 43.8
Latvia 41.9
Croatia 41.5
Moldova Rep. 39.3
Albania 31.8
Bosnia/Herzegovina 30.5
Slovenia 21.4
Macedonia Rep. 16.6
Estonia 11.4
Malta 4.5
Montenegro 3.8
Iceland 3.4
Luxembourg 1.5
Table 3. European egg production ranking in 2011('000 tonnes)
Source: FAO
Russia and Ukraine Produce One in Three of Europe's Eggs
12
growth, at least one report claims that the governmentintends stepping in to offer a level of financial supportto offset rising electricity, fuel and feed costs.
Russia’s largest egg producer, Borovskaya PoultryFarm zAo, which was expected to produce one bil-lion eggs in 2012, has become part of the Joint-StockCompany Bohr Poultry, based in Tyumen. other lead-ing egg producers are the Sverdlovsk Poultry Farm(846 million eggs), Roskar Farms (600 million)Agrosoyuz Holding and Lenptitseprom.
It is considered that the industry needs to put moreemphasis into the production of egg products. onesource claims that some seven per cent of eggs arefurther processed although others estimate this figureto be no more than four per cent.
Accession to the World Trade organisation (WTo)is not expected to have a major impact on Russia’segg industry, as both imports and exports are small.
Country 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011P
France 1,038.0 930.1 908.3 878.4 801.3 918.3 844.3 839.5
Germany 901.0 795.0 796.5 785.6 789.6 699.0 662.4 777.1
Italy 686.1 722.2 678.9 724.0 750.0 812.5 736.8 736.8
Netherlands 668.0 607.0 611.0 621.0 627.0 638.0 670.0 692.0
Poland 423.8 536.0 537.2 546.8 581.7 605.0 618.5 576.7
Russian Federation 1,894.6 2,049.9 2,100.0 2,121.8 2,118.5 2,194.5 2,260.6 2,283.6
Spain 657.6 708.5 826.7 825.0 812.4 829.5 830.0 830.0
Ukraine 496.6 748.1 815.6 807.2 855.2 883.8 973.9 1,064.2
United Kingdom 568.6 609.0 594.0 579.3 600.1 603.0 658.0 662.0
Total above 7,334.3 7,705.8 7,868.2 7,889.1 7,935.8 8,183.6 8,254.5 8,461.9
EUROPE 9,479.8 9,866.0 10,050.3 10,004.0 10,086.2 10,287.5 10,442.3 10,638.6
Table 4. Leading egg producers in Europe ('000 tonnes)
P = preliminarySource: FAO
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Russian Fed. Spain Ukraine UK
2011P2010200920082007200620052000
Figure 2. Leading egg producers in Europe (‘000 tonnes)
13
GLobAL PoULTRy TRENds
Egg production in Ukraine more than doubled be-tween 2000 and 2011, when the number of eggs pro-duced, according to FAo, amounted to around 18.4billion was some nine per cent higher than in the pre-vious year. All the flocks are housed in cages. While itis estimated that the industry has the capacity toprocess some four per cent of production, the actualquantity broken out is likely to be nearer two percent.
AvangardCo IPL is the largest egg producer with aflock of 25.1 million at the end of 2011, which ac-counted for approximately 32 per cent of total pro-duction. In 2011, this company produced some 12,000tonnes of dried egg, which represented about 87 percent of the national total.
The remaining seven countries in the ‘Top nine’ (Table4) are all members of the European Union. As men-tioned earlier, production in the Community hashardly increased over the past decade. During this pe-riod, the industries in the two leading producers,France and Germany, have contracted sharply, whilethe others in this group managed to expand output,particularly Spain and Poland.
The contraction in Germany was the result of thiscountry imposing the EU-wide ban on conventionallaying cages a year earlier than the other memberstates. Back in 2005, according to an assessment byProfessor Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst, the InternationalEgg Commission’s Statistical Analyst, more than 75per cent of German layers were kept in conventionalcages, 14 per cent in barns and 13 per cent on freerange. By 2011, almost 63 per cent were housed inbarns, 14.6 per cent on free-range, 14.6 per cent incolony nests and 7.3 per cent in organic systems.
Since 2002 Germany’s level of self-sufficiency in eggshas fallen from 74 per cent to only 55 per cent in2010. However, in 2011, as indicated in Table 4, the in-dustry started to recover and self-sufficiency in-creased to 64 per cent and by late 2012, productionwas back to the pre-cage ban level. There is uncer-tainty as to how long production from colony cageswill be permitted, underlined by leading German re-tailers deciding not to sell eggs from such systems.Current production from colony cages tend to besold at farmers’ markets and to egg processors.
Clearly, this method of egg production will be phasedout in Germany in the not-too-distant future.
Production in France slumped by some 200,000tonnes a year, or approximately 20 per cent, between2000 and 2011. The proportion of brown to whiteeggs in 2011 was put at 85:15. At that time, the pro-portion of the national flock housed in barns or onfree-range was approaching 30 per cent comparedwith just 20 per cent a year earlier.
Between 2000 and 2006, the egg industryin Spain expanded by 26 per cent to reach 827,000tonnes. The increase coincided with a sharp rise inexports. However, since then, output has stabilisedsomewhat around the 830,000 tonnes a year mark.Some 90 per cent of eggs are brown-shelled and evenin 2011, only three per cent of the flock was housedin non-cage systems. The change from conventionalto colony cages will have pushed up costs andbrought about a cut-back in output. This has boostedprices such that egg processors have reported ashortage of supplies. Spain has about 57 egg proces-sors producing some 110,000 tonnes of liquid prod-uct and 5,500 tonnes of powdered egg.
After peaking in 2009 at 813,000 tonnes, egg produc-tion in Italy has contracted, though estimates on thequantity vary. The industry is still feeling the impactof the animal welfare regulations, hence a further cut-back in production is more likely than a recovery. Be-tween 2010 and 2011, the proportion of birds innon-cage systems jumped from 23 per cent to around43 per cent. only a small proportion of eggs arewhite, some 94 per cent being brown.
Egg production in the UK is estimated to have con-tracted by about four per cent in 2012. over 50 percent of eggs are not produced intensively. In that year,some nine per cent fewer eggs were purchased byprocessors and consequently, the volume of egg prod-ucts declined to around 91,000 tonnes comparedwith more than 100,000 tonnes in 2011.
With the economic pressures principally due to thewelfare regulations and feed costs that all EU egg pro-ducers are enduring, it seems unlikely that there willbe a significant increase in output in the Communityin the short-term.
Effects of Diet Dilution Source and Level on Performance and Behaviour of Pullets
14
Feature Article
Effects of Diet Dilution Source andLevel on Performance andBehaviour of PulletsDiluting the diet with 15 per cent of sunflower seedextract or oat hulls reduced feather pecking andfeather damage in non-beak-trimmed pullets from day-old to 18 weeks of age, according to new researchfrom Wageningen University.
A recent issue of Poultry Science includes a paper re-porting an experiment conducted to investigate the ef-fects of dietary dilution sources and levels on featherdamage, performance, feeding behaviour and litter con-dition in rearing pullets.
Authors, S.N. Qaisrani of Wageningen University in the
Netherlands and colleagues there and at WageningenUR Livestock Research hypothesised that dietary di-lution increases feeding-related behaviour and im-proves feather condition, particularly if insolublenon-starch polysaccharides are used as the dilutionsource.
In total, 864 Lohmann Brown day-old non-beak-trimmed pullets were used until 18 weeks of age.
Four dietary treatments were used: a control diet with-out any dilution (R-0), 7.5 per cent diluted diet withsunflower seed extract/oat hulls (R-7.5), 15 per cent
15
FEATURE ARTICLE
diluted diet with sunflower seed extract (R-15-S), and15 per cent diluted diet with oat hulls (R-15-o). Therewere six replicates - one replicate is a pen with 36 pul-lets - per treatment.
At four-week intervals, behavioural parameters, includ-ing eating time, feather pecking, feather condition andgeneral behaviour were evaluated.
Pullets fed the control diet showed increased feather-, comb- and wire-pecking compared with pullets fedthe diluted diets.
The level of feather damage decreased with increasingdietary dilution level. Pullets receiving R-15-S and R-15-o showed more feeding-related behaviour than thepullets fed R-7.5 and R-0.
oat hulls were more effective in preventing featherdamage than sunflower seed extract.
Pullets did not fully compensate their feed intake if feda dietary dilution, resulting in a proportionally reducedavailable metabolisable energy intake. The R-15-o pul-lets had 2.9 per cent lower average bodyweight gainthan those fed R-0.
Average eating duration increased by 12.8, 33.2 and42.1 per cent in R-7.5, R-15-S and R-15-o fed pullets,respectively, compared with R-0, whereas eating rate -expressed as feed intake (g) per pullet per eatingminute - was decreased in R-15-S and R-15-o pullets.Relative weights of empty gizzards were 3.95, 10.30and 62.72 per cent higher in R-7.5, R-15-S and R-15-o pullets than those fed R-0.
The Wageningen researchers concluded that dietarydilution affected time budgets of the pullets, as shownby more feeding-related behaviour, resulting in less
feather-pecking behaviour.
Based on these results, they said, the application of thisfeeding strategy could improve production and welfarein pullets.
REFERENCE
Qaisrani S.N., M.M. van Krimpen and R.P. Kwakkel.2013. Effects of dietary dilution source and dilutionlevel on feather damage, performance, behavior, and lit-ter condition in pullets. Poult. Sci. 92(3):591-602. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02378.
FURTHER READING
you can view the full report (fee payable) by clickinghere.
‘Pullets fed the control dietshowed increased feather-,comb- and wire-peckingcompared with pullets fed thediluted diets.’
Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystified
16
Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystified
Feature Article
Broiler Meat Quality Issue De-mystifiedWhite striping is a recently recognised defect ofchicken breast meat that could affect acceptance byconsumers. This article reviews the work done to in-vestigate the condition at the University of Arkansas,showing that the condition is associated with large fil-lets. The cause of the degenerative myopathy remainsillusive but there appears to be no link between whitestriping and cooked meat quality.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas in the USdescribe white striping as a condition in broiler chick-ens characterised grossly by the occurrence of whitestriations, seen parallel to the direction of muscle fi-bres, on broiler breast fillets and thighs.
Led by C.M. owens of the Department of PoultryScience, the Arkansas University team has investi-gated this meat quality defect, together with otherpartners, and they have published a series of papersin the journal, Poultry Science, with V. Kuttapan as thefirst author.
CoNSUMER ACCEPTANCEAmong their first papers was an investigation into themarketing impacts of the white striping (1). As theseverity of white striping increased, acceptance de-creased among US consumers. More than half ofthose asked said they would probably not, or defi-nitely not, buy breast fillets with moderate or severe
17
FEATURE ARTICLE
white striping. This highlights the potential negativeimpact of this defect on the chicken meat market.
This study was followed by others investigating thepossible causes of white striping. The Arkansas-basedteam found that faster growing broilers tended tohave an increased occurrence of higher degrees ofwhite striping in the breast fillets (2). Furthermore,white striping of broiler breast meat was more preva-lent and more severe in heavier fillets (3).
The degree of white striping was associated withchanges in the chemical composition of the breast fil-lets (2). Vitamin E levels in the diet have been shownin previous research to affect meat quality issues butfeeding the birds higher levels of vitamin E had no sig-nificant effect on white striping (3).
PATHoLoGICAL INVESTIGATIoNWorking with other institutions, the Arkansas teamturned their attention to the pathological changes inthe breast muscle associated with white striping inbroiler breast muscles (4). They examining thechanges in histology as well as proximate composi-tion occurring in the fillets that were classified as nor-mal, or with moderate or severe white striping.
Major histopathological changes were observed in themoderate and severe samples. Microscopic lesions fordegenerative or necrotic lesions, fibrosis and lipidosisincreased as the degree of white striping increasedfrom normal to severe.
The results from the histopathological study weresupported by the findings from proximate analysis,which revealed that the muscle fat content increasedand the protein content decreased as the white strip-ing was more severe.
The researchers concluded that the histopathologicalchanges occurring in white striping indicate a degen-erative myopathy that could be associated with in-creased growth rate in birds, as previously observed.Investigating the issue further, the Arkansas teamcompared the haematological and serological profilesof birds with normal and severe degrees of whitestriping in the breast fillet (5).
Live, fillet and liver weights, as well as fillet yield, were
higher in birds with severe white striping than normalbirds. There were no differences in various haemato-logical parameters, including the differential leukocytecount. overall, no systemic infectious or inflamma-tory condition was found to be associated with whitestriping. The elevated serum enzyme levels confirmthe muscle damage associated with the degenerativemyopathy in severe cases.
No EFFECT oN CooKED MEAT QUALITyFor the most recent study (6), the Arkansas re-searchers joined forces with Auburn Univeristy andUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign in aiming toreproduce the defect under experimental conditions.Broilers aged 59 to 63 days of four different commer-cial high-yielding strains (both males and females)were fed according to standard industrial or phase-feeding regimens.
The carcasses were deboned at either four or sixhours post-mortem, and the fillets were scored forthe degree of white striping at 24 hours post-mortem.
About 56 per cent of the birds used in the studyshowed some degree of white striping with the mod-erate and severe categories as 47.5 and 8.3 per cent,respectively.
once again, the higher degrees of white striping wererelated to higher cranial fillet thickness and ready-to-cook weights. Fillets with severe white striping hadincreased b* values (yellowness) of the meat. The dif-ferences were not linked to feeding regime or chilltime.
The degree of white striping was not associated withany of the various meat quality parameters measured,which included pH, lightness, red colour and cookloss.
The cause of and therefore prevention/treatmentmethods for white striping of broiler breast meat re-main elusive. However, the results of this latest studyconfirm that there is a greater chance of higher de-grees of white striping associated with heavier birds.Despite consumers stated aversion to affected prod-ucts, it appears that the condition is unrelated tochanges in cooked meat quality.
Poultry Industry News
VARIABILITY OF CORN DDGSPROMPTS NEED TO MEASURENUTRITIONAL PROFILES
GLoBAL - The added nutritional variability causedby the extraction of oil from corn dried distillersgrains with solubles has raised the need for tools thatwill provide accurate estimates of the energy valuesof these ingredients, according to an animal scienceprofessor with the University of Minnesota.
The vast majority of US ethanol plants use corn. Thestarch in the corn is converted into ethanol leavingdried distillers grains with solubles, or DDGS, abyproduct used primary in livestock rations.
Dr Gerald Sureson, an animal science professor withthe University of Minnesota, says the nutritional valueof DDGS has always been fairly variable and now it'seven more variable.
"Probably over about the last year and a half theethanol industry has been...
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19
Feeding & Nutrition
Broiler Performance Affected byNutrients, Not Soybean SourceSPAIN - Broiler performance was similar when theywere fed diets incorporating different sources of soy-bean meal when these were formulated according toanalysed rather than calculated amino acid digestibil-ity, according to new research from Spain.
A previous study by M.P. Serrano and colleagues atCiudad Universitaria in Madrid showed that pelletingimproves the performance of broilers up to 42 daysof age, and that the source of soybean meal - US,Brazil or Argentina - can also have a significant impacton growth.
To investigate these effects, they conducted two ex-periments to determine the apparent ileal digestibil-ity (AID) of the amino acids of four commercialsoybean meals from the United States (USA-1, 48.1per cent crude protein and USA-2, 46.2 per centcrude protein), Brazil (BRA, 47.6 per cent crude pro-
tein) and Argentina (ARG, 46.3 per cent crude pro-tein) and the effects of the inclusion of these soybeanmeals in diets in mash, crumble or pellet form ongrowth performance, total tract apparent retentionof nutrients and digestive organ size in broilersreared in cages from 1 to 25 days of age.
According to their latest paper published recently inPoultry Science, they found that crumbling or pelletingof the diets improved growth performance of broil-ers and that diets formulated with analysed ratherthan calculated AID of amino acids in soybean mealsources resulted in similar broiler performance.
In their first experiment, the AID of lysine was higher(P<0.05) for USA-2 than BRA, with USA-1 and ARGbeing intermediate.
Read More...
Poultry Industry News
20
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UK - When production stresses are a problem andeating into your profits, supplementing feed withBetafin® natural betaine from Danisco Animal Nutri-tion (part of DuPont®) is the natural way to maintainperformance and reduce animal production costs.
Betafin® natural betaine is an osmolyte, maintainingcellular water and ion balance, which spares valuablemetabolic energy in the animal. This improves carcasslean deposition particularly under production stress.
In broilers exposed to coccidial challenge Betafin®natural betaine improved nutrient digestibility com-pared to synthetic anhydrous betaine and betaine-HCl products. A trial conducted at Massey University,New zealand, showed Betafin® natural betaine de-livered >€11 per tonne of feed more value than be-taine-HCl and ~€10 per tonne of feed more valuethan synthetic anhydrous betaine...
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INNOVATIONS IN EGGSHELLQUALITY EVALUATION
US - Feed prices are high, profit margins are low, andso now more than ever, we must focus on ways tooptimize return on investment. Eggshell damage is stilla major economic loss to the commercial egg indus-try. By shifting one egg per hen from under-grades tothe carton, we can effectively add $0.08 per hen tothe bottom line, says Diamond V.
All input costs have been expended but when theeggshell is cracked we have lost the offsetting income.Unfortunately, there are multiple factors affectingeggshell quality; genetics of the hen, nutrition andmanagement of feed intake, disease challenge andequipment insult.
There is a long history of methods for evaluatingeggshell quality, enabling the producer to isolate andminimize the loss.Many of these have been highlyvariable and not accessible at the production level.Today, technology delivers to the producer new andinnovative devices to document...
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Poultry Industry News
22
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ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AT RISKWITH POORLY DERIVED PHYTASEMATRICES
UK - Inorganic phosphorus is often the second mostexpensive nutrient in a diet, and consequently thereis pressure to minimise dietary phosphorus safetymargins. Most producers use a phytase enzyme andrely on the manufacturer’s recommended matrixvalue to determine how much added phosphorus canbe removed from the diet, says AB Vista.
AB Vista stresses the need for feed producers to beaware of the safety margins placed on phytase matri-ces to ensure animal performance and profitability isnot compromised and to make true efficacy compar-isons between the different phytase products.
With many phytase matrices derived from amalgama-tions of growth performance and/or digestibility tri-als, there is growing concern among nutritionists thatthe matrix values applied to...
Read More...
GM CROPS: IS EUROPEAN FARMINGAT RISK?
EU - The debate over genetically modified (GM)crops in the European Union has been reignited withthe launch of a new campaign hoping to halt the au-thorisation of 25 new GM crops in Europe, writes5m editor, Gemma Hyland.
Campaigners from protest group, 'Stop the Crop',claim that such a move would drastically change farm-ing in Europe, leading to a big increase in pesticideuse, contamination of conventional and organic cropsand a further industrialisation of the countryside.
The European Commission is currently consideringreviving talks to approve 25 new GM crops for culti-vation in Europe – including crops resistant to thepesticide RoundUp and insecticide-producing vari-eties of GM maize, soybean and sugarbeet, howeverStop the Crop claim that GM crops are 'unnecessary,risky and profit large multinational...
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23
Feeding & Nutrition
ADDITIVES TO IMPROVE FEEDQUALITY, INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY
UK - The Earth’s population is steadily increasing anddemands for food products are increasing all thetime. optivite says this is placing greater demands onthe world's resources and an increasing emphasis onensuring that what we use and produce is sustainablein the long term.
one of the ways we can improve the sustainability ofpoultry feed is to get the most out of the feed andbirds. The ultimate goal is to increase feed intake andensure that as much of the nutrients as possible areobtained from it in order to maximise performanceand increase sustainability. Feed additives such as en-zymes can assist in enabling the bird to extract themost nutrients from feed, whilst mycotoxin bindersallow more of the crop to be safely used in feed.
There are many different types of enzyme used inpoultry feeds with the aim of increasing...
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LOOMING THREAT OF WATERSCARCITY
GLoBAL - 22 March was World Water Day. It is heldeach year as a means of focusing attention on the im-portance of freshwater and advocating for the sus-tainable management of freshwater resources, writesChris Harris.
An international day to celebrate freshwater was rec-ommended at the 1992 United Nations Conferenceon Environment and Development (UNCED). TheUnited Nations General Assembly responded by des-ignating 22 March 1993 as the first World Water Day.
Each year, World Water Day highlights a specific as-pect of freshwater.
This year, which is the International year of WaterCooperation, World Water Day was also dedicatedto the theme of cooperation around water and is co-ordinated by UNESCo in...
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Poultry Industry News
COCCIDIOSIS OR COCCIDIASIS?
US - At the Midwest Poultry Federation Conventionin St. Paul, Minnesota, Chris Wright, Senior Editor ofThePoultrySite, asked Dr Hector Cervantes, SeniorManager of Poultry Technical Services with Phibro, toexplain the difference between coccidiosis and coc-cidiasis in broilers.
SUBCLINICAL VS CLINICAL
“When we’re talking about coccidiosis, we’re talkingabout the clinical disease, the symptoms of the dis-ease, where there are bloody droppings, increasingmortality, enteritis, flushing, diarrhea, etc. Things wecan go in a house and notice. That’s coccidiosis.
“Coccidiasis: We used to talk more about this a fewyears ago. What we really mean is the subclinical formof the disease.
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NEW VACCINE TO BE 'HOLY GRAIL'FOR GLOBAL DISEASE CONTROL
UK - A new synthetic vaccination could signal a newera in vaccine development.
Scientists have developed an entirely synthetic vac-cine that triggers response through minute proteinshells.
According to its developers, the development is ‘theholy grail’ of vaccines as it means that treatments canbe developed without relying on the growth of liveinfectious virus. This will help reduce diseases spread-ing to disease-free areas and could also alter howviruses from the same family are fought- like polio. These latest developments are a product of collabo-rative research between Professor David Stuart, Uni-versity of oxford, and Dr Bryan Charleston, Head ofLivestock Viral Diseases Programme at The PirbrightInstitute.
The new methodology totally reduces the possibilityof an empty shell vaccine dangerously returning toan infectious form.
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25
Health & Welfare News
LEGISLATION TO RESTRICTANTIBIOTIC USEINTRODUCED - AGAIN
US - Congresswoman Louise Slaughter has intro-duced new legislation designed to stop the overuseof antibiotics on the farm - a practice she says is ac-celerating the growth of antibiotic-resistance disease.
The Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treat-ment Act (PAMTA) is being introduced just twoweeks after Dr Tom Frieden, director of the US Cen-ters for Disease Control, warned that "our strongestantibiotics don't work and patients are left with po-tentially untreatable infections."
"Since 1977, when the FDA acknowledged the threatof antibiotic-resistant disease and called for a reduc-tion in the use of antibiotics in animals, we have beenwaiting for meaningful action to protect publichealth," said Congresswoman Slaughter.
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MINISTRY PRESSES FOR WELFAREAND HYGIENE CHANGES
BRAzIL – Recent government efforts to improve an-imal welfare at transport and slaughter have been up-dated with a recent announcement of a new meatlabelling scheme.
The government hopes the labelling initiative will sat-isfy a partnership between the Ministry of Agricultureand the World Society for the Protection of Animals.In 2008 the government signed the development ofthe National Humane Slaughter Agreement and byadapting slaughterhouse building regulations, training4450 industry professionals and on-site consultancythe programme has worked to improve the handlingof animals for slaughter.
overriding Brazilian welfare legislation comes froma joint EU and Brazil agreement that shaped policyto improve animal welfare in the country from birthto slaughter.
Treatment and conditions of animals during haulageare included in the legislation.
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INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION RELEASESVIDEOS ON ANTIBIOTIC USE
US - US Poultry & Egg Association has created a seriesof short videos on how antibiotics are used in thepoultry industry to optimise bird health and how theiruse is regulated.
Antibiotic use in poultry production has been ex-tremely effective in enhancing bird health. To help pro-vide answers to how and why antibiotics are used inthe poultry industry, US Poultry & Egg Association hascreated a series of six short videos.
The series is called 'Poultry Insight' and provides in-formation about antibiotic resistance, antibioticresidues, why and when antibiotics are used, who reg-ulates antibiotic use and what would happen if thepoultry industry stopped using antibiotics.
To view the videos on youTube, click here.
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NEW STUDY AIMS TO REDUCE BONEFRACTURES IN LAYING HENS
UK - Skeletal health in laying hens is a major welfareand economic problem with up to 80 per cent of henssuffering bone breakages in some free range systems.A new three-year study hopes to reduce the fracturerates in laying hens thanks to a grant of £532,000funded by the Biotechnology and Biological SciencesResearch Council (BBSRC) and supported by indus-trial partner, Noble Foods.
The research project will be led by Drs John Tarltonand Michael Toscano from the University of Bristol'sSchool of Veterinary Sciences and Dr KrasimiraTsaneva-Atanasova in the University's Department ofEngineering Mathematics.
Collisions are believed to be the principle cause ofkeel bone fractures in free range systems (FRS) butthe difficulty in observing breaks as they occur preventa clear understanding of the determining factors.
With the 2012 EU ban on battery cage systems, asmany as 30M hens will be...
Read More...
Poultry Industry News
CHINESE COMPANIES, HY-LINEINTERNATIONAL SIGN MOUS
CHINA - At a recent ceremony held at the IowaState Capitol, government officials from the provinceof Hebei, People’s Republic of China and the state ofIowa witnessed signing of Memorandums of Under-standing between three Hebei companies and Hy-Line International.
officials from Shijiazhuang Huamu Poultry IndustryCompany, Hebei Huayu Poultry Company and HebeiFanyai Investment Company participated in the sign-ing along with Hy-Line.
The agreements were to commit to strong businesscooperation between Hy-Line International and thecompanies.
Among those in attendance were Mr Bill Northey,Iowa’s Secretary of Agriculture, and Mr Shen xiaop-ing, Vice Governor of Hebei Provincial People’s Gov-ernment.
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27
Breeding & Genetics
Breeding for 500 Eggs!
www.isapoultry.com
STUDY LOOKS AT WHYCHICKENS OVEREAT
UK - The welfare of poultry could be improved by adiscovery about how chickens regulate their ap-petites, according to new research from the Univer-sity of Edinburgh.
University scientists have identified how a chicken’sgenetic make-up can affect the signals sent from itsstomach to its brain that tell a chicken when it hashad enough to eat.
INSENSITIVITy To BEING FULL
Poultry farmers often have to restrict food for chick-ens because some birds are insensitive to feelings offullness and can overeat, affecting their ability to re-produce.
The study could make it easier to develop methodsto develop diets that reduce excess growth morenaturally in these birds.
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GREAT POTENTIAL TO EXPANDCHICKEN PRODUCTION INSOUTHERN AFRICA
SoUTHERN AFRICA - With southern African coun-tries importing substantial volumes of chicken meat,there is great potential for their own production todouble or even treble over the next few years, ac-cording to Pieter oosthuysen, regional manager forCobb.
"There are about 150 million people in the SouthernAfrican developing countries, with most not self-suf-ficient in chicken production and competing with im-ports that affect local meat prices throughoversupply," said Mr oosthuysen.
If the same rate of chicken consumption of SouthAfrica is applied to Namibia, the current productionwould need to increase three fold over the next fewyears to meet the demand. The biggest limiting fac-tors in developing these markets are lack of infra-structure, shortages of...
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28
Poultry Industry News
W E D O N ’ T J U S T G R O W CHICKENS.WE BREED SUCCESS.
Aviagen leads with better birds and better products, investing aggressively to ensure you are getting the best chicken today and
tomorrow. By committing 10% of annual revenue to our breeding program we produce genetic improvements in feed e�ciency,
growth, fertility and bird health that can be quanti�ed in our three leading commercial brands, year after year. When you partner
with Aviagen you share in unrivalled innovation, the largest network of 15 global supply locations and the expertise of accessible,
regional teams serving 130 markets worldwide. Aviagen is the future of chicken.
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A V I A G E N . C O M
HUBBARD GRAND PARENTDISTRIBUTOR MEETING HELDIN BANGKOK
THAILAND - on Monday, 11 March, Hubbard organ-ised a special Grand Parent Distributor Meeting, forwhich the attendees came from all over the world.This special event was held in the 5-star Banyan TreeHotel in Bangkok and focused on “Less Feed, MoreMeat”, the new theme of Hubbard that will be intro-duced at the international Poultry Exhibition VIV Asiaon 13-15 March 2013.
FoCUS oN “LESS FEED, MoRE MEAT”
Hubbard’s focus on "Less Feed, More Meat" is totallyin line with the "Natural Concept" of Groupe Gri-maud which was officially launched end of 2012, em-bracing the Groupe’s philosophy on how to feed theworld in the decades to follow in a sustainable way.It outlines the ways in which Groupe Grimaud andits companies develop and implement best practicesin the genetic selection and production of animal pro-tein to feed a growing world population.
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INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY ANDTRAINING FOR AVIAGEN
GLoBAL - over the last 50 years the poultry indus-try has changed dramatically, there is no denying that.Advances made in technology have played a big rolein this. At an industry level, Aviagen has been respon-sible for a number of firsts, including lixiscopes tolook at leg strength, oximeters to test respiratorysystems and the implementation of genomic selectionin the commercial breeding programme.
Now though, consumer technology is crossing theboundary into business. More and more poultry pro-ducers rely on technology such as smartphones andtablets to manage their business and contacts. Recog-nising this trend, Aviagen developed a Ross App, whichwas initially launched in the UK and was recently fol-lowed by a European version, such has been the de-mand. Compatible with phones and tablets runningAndroid or Apple operating systems and with a PCand Mac version also available, the App covers theRoss European Performance objectives for the Ross308, Ross 708 and Ross PM3...
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Poultry Industry News
CHICKEN FARMERS OF CANADARECOGNISED FOR ON-FARM FOODSAFETY
CANADA - Chicken Farmers of Canada (CFC) hasbeen presented with the first ever Letter of Recog-nition under Canada's on-Farm Food Safety Recog-nition Programme (oFFSRP).
Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz said: "on behalf ofthe Harper Government I would like to congratulatethe Chicken Farmers of Canada for the successfulimplementation of this food safety programme.
"By working together to improve the management offood safety risks at the farm level, we are strength-ening Canada’s food safety system."
The CFC is the first national organisation to achievethis recognition.
"This is a major milestone for Chicken Farmers ofCanada and a source of great pride in being the firstcommodity to receive this recognition," said DaveJanzen, CFC Chair.
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SPOTLIGHT ON POULTRY CRC’SPROGRAM 3: SAFE AND QUALITYFOOD PRODUCTION
AUSTRALIA - Dr Pat Blackall, Principal Research Fel-low with Queensland Alliance for Agriculture andFood Innovation at The University of Queensland,manages the Safe and Quality Food Production pro-gramme for the Poultry CRC.
This programme's major challenge, as its name sug-gests, is to maximise food quality and safety for con-sumers of poultry products.
Food safety is a key issue for all food industries – oz-FoodNet reported that cases of food-borne illnessin 2010 represented a cost to the Australian econ-omy in the vicinity of 1.2 billion dollars.
Dr Blackall explained the concept behind this pro-gram, "In the onset of the second round PoultryCRC, the major concerns for...
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31
Biosecurity & Hygiene
FOSSIL SHIELD + PCS POULTRYPROFESSIONAL ON-SITE SERVICE
UK - There are many red mite control products onthe market, however, Fossilshield is a non-toxic di-atomaceous earth and is unique in its ability to acceptan electrostatic charge due to its high resistance tomoisture, according to PCS Poultry.
As the mite attempt to remove Fossilshield fromtheir skin, the powder begins to scratch away theirwaxy outer layer, exposing the fatty tissue under-neath. The powder then dries this tissue, killing theinsect naturally.
The Fossil Shield + PCS Poultry professional on-siteservice provides an electrostatic charge applicationallowing the powder to grip and wrap around differ-ent surfaces and materials, vertical or horizontal, andprovides an easier treatment solution to areas thatare awkward to reach by hand.
There is no active ingredient in Fossil Shield...
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CAMPYLOBACTER RISK ASSOCIATEDWITH POULTRY MANURE ASSESSED
GERMANy - A laboratory study has revealed thatCampylobacter may survive as long as six days infresh hen manure, presenting a risk factor in thespread of this bacterium, which is associated withfood-borne disease.
There is considerable potential for fresh faeces totransmit Campylobacter jejuni within and betweenflocks for six days, according to Hanover Universityresearchers, and this six-day span should be consid-ered when poultry manure is applied to land as or-ganic fertiliser.
Infected laying hens regularly excrete large amountsof C.jejuni with their faeces, which represent a reser-voir of infection within the flock and for animals inthe region, according to M.F.M. Ahmed and colleaguesat the University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverFoundation in their paper in Poultry Science recently.
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Poultry Industry News
NATION'S FIRST ENRICHED COLONYBARN EGGS NOW AVAILABLE INCALIFORNIA
GLoBAL - The use of formaldehyde can reducehatchability, explains Roger Banwell, Hatchery Devel-opment Manager for Petersime.
Fumigation with formaldehyde is a widespread andhighly effective tool in the battle against contamina-tion by viruses, bacteria and mould in hatcheries.However, it is not entirely without risk for the devel-oping embryo, and a number of conditions (timing,ventilation, humidity, and temperature) need to bemet in order to avoid that the gas adversely affectsyour hatchability.
In a series of articles, Petersime will explain whyformaldehyde may reduce hatchability, look at meth-ods of improving all aspects of the practice of fumi-gation and investigate alternative solutions.
Numerous studies (Cadirci, 1997; Nwagu, 1997;yildirim et al, 2003) have indicated evidence of...
Read More...
WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL STATIC PRES-SURE WHEN USING AIR INLETS?
US - There are no hard and fast rules when it comesto the level of negative pressure when using air inletsduring cold weather, according to Michael Czarickand Brian Fairchild of the University of Georgia. Inthe series, 'Poultry Housing Tips', they explain a fewgeneral concepts to keep in mind.
one of the most common questions producers haveabout ventilating poultry houses during cold weatheris “What is the optimal static pressure?” The shortanswer to this important question is between 0.05"and 0.12". The range of acceptable static pressures isquite wide because of the fact that there is no singlecorrect static pressure that can be used in all houses,under all circumstances that will produce optimal en-vironmental conditions with a minimum of fuel usage.The optimal static pressure depends on a variety offactors which include, inlet design and placement,inlet opening size, inside/outside...
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33
Housing & Equipment
LAYING HEN MORTALITY BYSYSTEM – A WELFARE GUIDE?
UK - The production system is not necessarily a goodguide to the welfare of laying hens, according to DavidBurch of octagon Services in the UK - whatever thesystem, good management is essential.
An excellent paper in Veterinary Record by Weeks andothers (2012) reviewed the levels of hen mortalityover the laying period by different systems of hous-ing, writes David Burch, BVetMed, FRCVS, in a 'View-point', published in the same journal. He continuesthat they showed that the highest hen mortality wasfound in free-range and organic flocks, closely fol-lowed by barns; almost double that of caged flocks.Have we really got our assessment of what is goodwelfare right?
The mortality of hens in cages over usually a 52-weeklaying period was 5.39 per cent and the mortality infree-range hens was 9.52 per cent, 77 per cent higher.The variability in flock mortality or...
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OUTSTANDING SUCCESS FORPERICOLI AT VIV ASIA
ITALy - Termotecnica Pericoli reports that, onceagain, the recent VIV Asia 2013 show in Bangkok, Thai-land, was a very successful event in every respectfrom the high attendance at the Pericoli stand andthe quality of the visitors, with a number of strategicand in-depth discussions being held with a variety ofclients and customers, both existing and prospective.
The Pericoli stand had a great visual impact whileshowcasing the New and newly re-introduced andupgraded product lines such as:
- New PERIclima Range of climatic controls and sys-tems
- agriTERM and New easyTERM heater
- New range of extraction fans.
These new and improved products represent thecontinued company philosophy of...
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Poultry Industry News
FUMIGATION: HOW FORMALDEHYDECAN AFFECT HATCHABILITY
GLoBAL - The use of formaldehyde can reducehatchability, explains Roger Banwell, Hatchery Devel-opment Manager for Petersime.
Fumigation with formaldehyde is a widespread andhighly effective tool in the battle against contamina-tion by viruses, bacteria and mould in hatcheries.However, it is not entirely without risk for the devel-oping embryo, and a number of conditions (timing,ventilation, humidity, and temperature) need to bemet in order to avoid that the gas adversely affectsyour hatchability.
In a series of articles, Petersime will explain whyformaldehyde may reduce hatchability, look at meth-ods of improving all aspects of the practice of fumi-gation and investigate alternative solutions.
Numerous studies (Cadirci, 1997; Nwagu, 1997;yildirim et al, 2003) have indicated evidence of...
Read More...
PAS REFORM APPOINTS NEW SALESDIRECTOR FOR WESTERN EUROPE
EU - Pas Reform has further bolstered its sales forcein Western Europe, with the strategic appointmentof Erwin Prinzen as Sales Director Western Europe.
Mr Prinzen takes up his new role from March 1, whenhe will continue to strengthen Pas Reform’s presenceacross Western Europe, with specific responsibilityfor the sales and marketing of hatchery automationsystems (HAS) worldwide, increasing demand forwhich has prompted this key appointment for Pas Re-form’s sales team.
With core responsibility for key account manage-ment, Erwin will also identify and engage new busi-ness opportunities in his role to actively promote,stimulate and facilitate local representation and dis-tributorships.
Previously with AQUA Industrial Water treatmentBV, a former Stork company, and...
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35
Incubation & Hatching
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JAMESWAY APPOINTMENT TOR&D/ENGINEERING TEAMS
CANADA - Jamesway Incubator Company has re-cently appointed Scott Galea to the position of Engi-neering Manager.
Mr Galea was originally hired as a Mechanical Engi-neer to augment the Research & Development team.Scott has been involved in the development ofJamesway’s newest single stage system, the Platinum2.0™ with ThinkWise™ Technology, recentlylaunched at the IPPE Show in Atlanta.
In his most recent promotion, Mr Galea will lead theEngineering team as they work closely with the R&Dgroup on future projects while supporting our Pro-duction team in the manufacture of the new Platinum2.0 machines.
Mr Galea brings a decade of project and design ex-perience in the automotive and medical industries,primarily with metal forming and injection...
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POULTRY HATCHERY, FEED MILLPROJECT SUCCESSFULLYLAUNCHED
LIBERIA - BRAC Liberia successfully launched a poul-try programme, Poultry Hatchery and Feed Mill Proj-ect, in Neekreen, Buchanan, Grand Bassa County,Liberia.
According to Feedmachinery.com, the groundbreak-ing project, the first hatchery and feed mill since thecivil war, engages 40 staff and 200 community live-stock and poultry promoters, and will directly benefit300 farmers.
BRAC-Liberia International a Bangladeshi welfare or-ganization, has apportioned over USD$2.5 million forthe production of poultry in Liberia and last year re-cieved a grant for the project.
In his speech, BRAC Liberia's country representative,Mohammed Abdus Salam said that BRAC identifiedthe absence of poultry feed...
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Poultry Industry News
ANALYSTS PROJECT NEGATIVEBRAZILIAN PROTEIN OUTLOOK
BRAzIL - With greatest exposure to high grainprices, Brazilian pork and chicken sectors are ex-pected to feel a greater squeeze this year as opposedto the more grass oriented beef sector.
This is according to a new report by market analystsat Fitch Ratings. Their report, 2013 outlook: BrazilProtein looks at large processor liquidity, supply anddemand factors and consumption metrics concludingthat protein producers will be heavily challengedthroughout 2013.
Viktoria Krane, a director and analyst at Fitch Ratingsand co-author of the report said the meat industryis in for a rough twelve months.
"To varying degrees, all Brazilian protein producersare exposed to risks including volatile commodityprices, unfavourable currency fluctuation, potentialdisease outbreak, and regional export bans," MsKrane said.
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RECORD ATTENDANCE FOR IPCMEETING IN BANGKOK
THAILAND - Poultry industry representatives from18 countries gathered in Bangkok on 11 and 12March for the first-semester meeting of 2013 of theInternational Poultry Council (IPC).
Attendance for the meeting set a new record for theorganisation with near on 100 delegates from Thai-land, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, the UK,the US, China, Russia, Singapore, Brazil, India, Pakistan,Australia, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Honduras and Bel-gium.
Hosted by the Thai Broiler Processing Exporters As-sociation, the meeting commenced just prior to theopening of the VIV Asia 2013 show at the BangkokTrade and Exhibition Centre.
Members of the IPC heard a full slate of presenta-tions on the global poultry industry outlook...
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37
Processing & Packaging
LIMA SMALL GAME SEPARATORS
FRANCE - More and more game such as quails,guinea fowls for their eggs, and rabbit for their highquality lean meat, are meeting increasing success onthe market.
Consequently to their slaughtering and cut up, quan-tities of trimmings and co–products are available formeat recovery.
The RM 30 S separator, with an input capacity up to400kg per hour, is ideal for such small poultry meatprocessors production.
It can process at high yield, quails and rabbit car-casses, as well as guinea fowls. The recovered meat isof a nice fibrous meat texture, ideal for further pro-cessing in patties, hamburger, sausages, etc.
It is easy to run in continuous operation, hygienic, nopre-breaker is needed.
Read More...
STRONG PERFORMANCE FROMCHERKIZOVO GROUP
RUSSIA - Russian meat integrated meat and poultryprocessor Cherkizovo has seen revenues increasedby 14 per cent in rubles, and increased by seven percent on a US Dollar basis to $1,581.7 million in 2012from $1,472.6 million for 2011.
Revenues increased by 11 per cent to $436.3 millionin the fourth quarter of 2012 from $393.3 million forthe fourth quarter of 2011, and increased by 11 percent on a rouble currency basis.
Profits rose by 37 per cent in rubles, and increasedby 29 per cent on a US Dollar basis to $314.6 millionfrom $243.4 million for 2011 with EBITDA in thefourth quarter of 2012 increasing by 17 per cent to$75.4 million from $64.6 million in the fourth quarterof 2011, an increase of 17 per cent on a ruble cur-rency basis.
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NISSUI SETS UP SECOND CHICKENPROCESSING PLANT IN CHINA
CHINA - Japanese processing company Nissui beganprocessed chicken operations at a new plant in Hebeiprovince. The plant will serve as Nissui's second cen-tre of production for processed chicken products inChina.
The goals Nissui wishes to achieve with the newplant, in conjunction with the existing plant in Beijing,are qualitative change and quantitative expansion inthe chicken processing business.
Nissui began importing processed chicken productsfrom Anhui in 1992, which marked the start of itsprocessed chicken products operations in China. In1998, Nissui, together with Beijing Huadu Broiler Co.,an affiliate of the Beijing Huadu Group, establishedthe Beijing Jiayi Food Factory (No. 1 plant) in theChangping District of Beijing, and with it began full-scale processed chicken production in China. In 2005,the two companies brought the No. 2 plant on line,which put production capacity at around 20,000 tonsper annum.
Read More...
Artículo
38
Perspectivas del sector de pollo en México
Un informe reciente del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos,(USDA GAIN), indica que no obstante el brote de influenza aviar altamentepatógena H7N3 en México, no ha cambiado el pronóstico para la producciónde carne de pollo de engorda para 2013.
El USDA había pronosticado un crecimiento muy leve de solo 0.5%, a 2.975millones de toneladas métricas para México antes del brote de influenza aviar.El brote en 2013 en los estados de Guanajuato y Jalisco afectó a aves prog-enitoras, reproductoras pesadas, pollos de engorda y gallinas ponedoras com-erciales.
Mientras que el USDA cree que el brote de influenza aviar altamente pató-gena es significativo para el sector de pollo mexicano, hasta el momento nocree que es necesario cambiar los pronósticos anteriores, si la situación per-manece bajo control.
La Unión Nacional de Avicultores (UNA) es más optimista en su pronósticopara la avicultura mexicana en 2013, y calcula una producción de 3 millonesde toneladas métricas de carne de pollo, indicando que el sector podrá re-cuperarse rápidamente.
En este mismo informe del USDA GAIN, publicado a fines de marzo, cambiósu cálculo de la producción de carne de pollo en México en 2012. El pronós-tico inicial de 2.965 millones de toneladas métricas ha bajado a 2.958 millonesde toneladas métricas, así como se obtuvo más información de la UNA.
La continua consolidación del sector de pollo ha ayudado a la industria en síamortiguar los elevados precios de los alimentos balanceados el año pasado.Además, el brote de influenza aviar H7N3 en el estado de Jalisco en 2012 notuvo ningún efecto sobre la producción de carne de pollo ni su disponibili-dad.
Lea más aquí
bienvenido
Chris WrightEditor principal, Elsitioavicola.com [email protected]
Noticias y Análisis Articulos Multimedia Directorio de Empresas Eventos Acerca de
Algunos de los temas más impor-tantes que se han presentado enel sitio recientemente incluyen:
• Manejo de bebederos
• Ascitis en pollos
• Mercado de huevo en Asia
í
39
ElSitioAvicola.com
OPORTUNIDADES PARA APRENDER
Este 2013 se está perfilando como un año impor-tante para las conferencias avícolas técnicas y cientí-ficas en Latinoamérica y España, así como en otraspartes del mundo.
Entre las muchas conferencias gremiales que se llevana cabo todos los años, este año parece que las con-ferencias científicas son especialmente importantes.En 2013 se llevarán a cabo muchas conferencias or-ganizadas por las asociaciones veterinarias, ya sea anivel nacional o internacional.
La xxxVIII Convención Anual de ANECA (Aso-ciación Nacional de Especialistas en Ciencias Avícolasde México) tomará lugar del 1 al 4 de mayo en Ixtapazihuatanejo.
El 10º Seminario de Actualización Avícola de AME-VEA (Asociación de Médicos Veterinarios Especialis-tas en Avicultura) de Entre Ríos tomará lugar enColón, Argentina, del 14 al 16 de mayo.
Lea más aquí
NUEVOS REQUISITOS SANITARIOSEN ARGENTINA
El Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroali-mentaria (Senasa) aprobó su Resolución N°106/2013, que establece nuevos requisitos para elregistro y la habilitación sanitaria de establecimientosavícolas, que se incorporan a la Resolución Senasa N°542/2010, con el fin de adecuar la normativa en fun-ción del crecimiento del sector avícola.
La nueva norma, vigente a partir de su publicación enel Boletín oficial el 19 de marzo pasado, establecenuevas condiciones para la ubicación geográfica delas producciones avícolas comerciales (granjas, plan-tas de faena de aves, ovoproductos y subproductosavícolas) y requisitos para la ampliación de granjas yainstaladas.
Asimismo, se incorpora el concepto de "complejosproductivos", a fin de facilitar la instalación y el fun-cionamiento de un grupo de granjas de produccióno reproducción a distancias menores a las estableci-das en la normativa vigente...
Lea más aquí
SE REITERA QUE NO SE USANHORMONAS EN PRODUCCIÓNDE POLLOS
Frente a las opiniones de la modelo colombiana, Na-talia Paris, la Federación Nacional de Avicultores deColombia, Fenavi, reitera que en la cría de pollos nose utilizan hormonas, y que el rápido crecimiento deestas aves es la respuesta a una alimentación diseñadaa base de maíz, sorgo y soya y al adecuado manejoque se les brinda.
Al respecto, el presidente ejecutivo de Fenavi, AndrésFernando Moncada zapata, dijo que las declaracionesde Natalia París son “todo un despropósito, porquecarecen de fundamentos científicos para aseverarcosas como que el consumo de pollo es causa de ho-mosexualismo infantil”.
El dirigente gremial también enfatiza que: “Estassupuestas hormonas no existen en el mercado; si seconsiguieran, no se podrían utilizar porque su apli-cación resultaría en extremo costosa...
Lea más aquí
Poultry Industry News
40
El mejor sistema de producciónde huevoANÁLISIS – Se compararon tres diferentes sistemasde producción de huevo – jaulas convencionales,aviarios y colonias enriquecidas – para evaluar elrendimiento e impacto ambiental de cada uno. Es-cribe Chris Wright, editor principal de El Sitio Aví-cola, desde la Conferencia Avícola del Medio oesteen Minnesota, EUA.
Los productores de huevo de Estados Unidos sabenque van a llegar los cambios en la forma en que seproducen huevos. Eso está claro, dada la legislaciónen Europa que prohibió las jaulas convencionales apartir de 2012, así como la presión por parte de gru-pos de defensa de los derechos de los animales enEUA. Lo que no está claro es qué va a pasar exacta-mente o cuándo.
Con eso en mente, se ha formado un grupo que sellama la Coalición para el Suministro Confiable de
Huevo. Este grupo está evaluando los diferentes sis-temas de producción de huevo para ver cuál es elmejor realmente.
La coalición está analizando cada uno de los sistemascon cinco objetivos de sustentabilidad en mente:
• Inocuidad alimentaria.
• Salubridad de los trabajadores.
• Salud y bienestar de las gallinas.
• Impacto ambiental.
• Asequibilidad de alimentos.
Para lograr esto se está llevando a cabo un estudioa largo plazo y a gran escala para comparar tres
41
ElSitioAvicola.com
diferentes sistemas de producción de huevo: jaulasconvencionales, aviarios y colonias enriquecidas.
El estudio está trabajando con estos sistemas a nivelcomercial, a gran escala, para ver cómo los sistemasresponden a las condiciones reales de producción:193,000 gallinas en jaulas convencionales; 50,000 gal-linas en aviarios; 47,000 gallinas en colonias enrique-cidas.
Profesores e investigadores de varias universidadesestán llevando a cabo el estudio. Se han recopiladolos datos de la primera parvada estudiada (de abrilde 2011 a junio de 2012).
RESULTADoS DE RENDIMIENTo
El Dr. Darrin Karcher de la Universidad Estatal deMichigan presentó los datos acerca del rendimientode las gallinas. En general se encontró que las coloniasenriquecidas tuvieron los mejores resultados, mien-tras que los aviarios tuvieron los peores.
Para hacer una buena evaluación se decidió usar unasola línea de ponedoras y muchos de los factores derendimiento que evaluaron se compararon con losestándares de la línea genética. En algunos casos selograron los estándares de la línea, pero en muchoscasos no (ni en las gallinas ni en las jaulas conven-cionales).
Las gallinas en jaulas convencionales tuvieron lamenor mortalidad y la mejor ganancia de peso, mien-tras que estos parámetros fueron los peores en aviar-ios. Las gallinas en colonias enriquecidas mostraronla mejor producción de huevo y conversión de ali-mentos.
El uso de nidos para poner los huevos es uno de losaspectos más importantes de bienestar que tienenlos aviarios y las colonias enriquecidas, y el estudioconfirmó que las gallinas usan los nidos entre 93% y96% del tiempo en colonias enriquecidas, mientrasque en los aviarios se usaron el 89% del tiempo.
El uso de perchas y de baños de polvo también es im-portante desde la perspectiva del bienestar aviar.Pero, la investigación mostró que el uso de perchas yde baños de polvo en los dos sistemas alternativosfue mucho menor de lo esperado. Sí se usaron, pero
no tanto como se suponía.
RESULTADoS AMBIENTALES
Siguiendo la presentación del Dr. Karcher, el Dr.Hongwei xin de la Universidad Estatal de Iowa pre-sentó la evaluación de los aspectos ambientales deeste mismo estudio. Se evaluó la calidad del aire delgalpón, ambiente térmico, emisiones de aire y uso deenergía. Es importante observar que estos parámet-ros también se aplicaron a la gallinaza almacenada.
En cuanto a la temperatura y la humedad relativa, lostres sistemas cumplieron bien y las condiciones semantuvieron cómodas para las gallinas.
Fue en términos de la calidad del aire que los aviariosmostraron problemas con amoniaco y polvo. Peroeso tiene algo de lógica, ya que en los aviarios una im-portante parte del galpón es piso con cama. Por endese observó que había más partículas (polvo) y may-ores niveles de amoniaco que en las jaulas conven-cionales o colonias enriquecidas.
En realidad, sin embargo, fue la gallinaza almacenadala que produjo la mayoría de las emisiones de amoni-aco en cada uno de los sistemas.
¿CUÁL ES MEJoR?
Los Drs. Karcher y xin tuvieron mucho cuidado enno hacer recomendaciones sobre cuál de los sistemases el mejor. Simplemente informaron los resultados(muchos más de los que incluimos aquí) y dejarán quelos avicultores tomen la decisión final, dependiendode lo que cada uno quiera lograr.
Una observación personal es que mientras los aviar-ios mostraron los peores resultados, que llevaría amuchos avicultores a rechazar estos sistemas, una in-terpretación más realista es que estos sistemas re-quieren de mayor manejo detallado que las jaulasconvencionales o las colonias enriquecidas. No nece-sariamente quiere decir que es un sistema peor, sinoque requiere de un buen manejo para poder lograrlos mejores parámetros de producción.
Each month we bring you the most important poultryindustry events taking place around the world
For more events please visitwww.thepoultrysite.com/events
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INDUSTRY EVENTS
INDUSTRY EVENTS
NIAA Annual Conference 2013Louisville, Kentucky, US, 15th to 18th April
The theme of the annual conference of the US National Institute for AnimalAgriculture (NIAA) is 'Animal Agriculture's Vision to Feed the World: MergingValues and Technology'.
There will be a Special FMD Symposium on 17 to 18 April 2013.
XXXVIII ANECA Annual Con-vention - Mexican Associationof Poultry Science Specialists Ixtapa Zihuatanejo, Mexico, 1st to 4th May
"Toward the Revindication of the Industry"is the theme of this event.
XIV Poultry Symposium of South BrazilChapeco, SC, Brazil, 9th to 11th April
The Symposium will discuss progress in the poultry industry,new technologies, discoveries and demands of this market.The Poultry Brazil South Fair will take place at the same time.
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INDUSTRY EVENTS
IFFA 2013Frankfurt, Germany, 4th to 9th May
The organisers say that IFFA is the leading trade fair for themeat industry and the world's most innovative patform forinvestment goods for the meat processing sector.
In 2013, the manufacturers will show their products andtechnologies for the entire meat-processing chain - fromslaughter and cutting via processing to packaging and sales.
2nd International Poultry Meat CongressAntalya, Turkey, 24th to 28th April
The 2nd meeting is organised in conjunction with the Turkish PoultryMeat Producers and Breeders Association, BESD-BIR.
The first one, in May 2011, attracted over 700 participants.
To feature your business in here please [email protected]
For more businesses please visitwww.thepoultrysite.com/directory
BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS
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BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS
HEALTH & WELFARE
CEVA Santé Animale is a global veterinaryhealth company focused on the research,development, production and marketing ofpharmaceutical products and vaccines forpets, livestock, swine and poultry.
Ceva Animal HealthTel: +33 (0) 557 554 040Fax: +33 (0) 557 554 [email protected]
Areas:PharmaceuticalsVaccinesEquipment: Vaccinationand Medical)Feed: Additives
MSD Animal Health offers veterinarians,farmers, pet owners and governments thewidest range of veterinary pharmaceuticals,vaccines and health management solutionsand services
MSD Animal HealthTel: +31 485 587961Fax: +31 485 [email protected]@merck.comwww.msd-animal-health.com
Areas:Feed: Safety ProductsFeed: AdditivesFeedCleaning/DisinfectantsPharmaceuticals
zoetis has developed and launched 18 newveterinary drugs since 2000, including sev-eral flagship products today considered in-dispensible.
ZoetisTel: +1 919 941 [email protected]
Areas:Pharmaceuticals
BREEDING & GENETICS
The Aviagen Group is the global marketleader in poultry genetics. As the world’spremier poultry breeding company, Aviagendevelops pedigree lines for the productionof commercial broilers and turkeys.
AviagenTel: +1 256 890 3800Fax: +1 256 890 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
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BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS
Cobb broiler breeding stock has the sus-tained advantage of the most efficient feedconversion and highest potential for prof-itability for the company’s global customers.
Cobb VantressTel: +1 479 524 3166Fax: +1 479 524 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
Grimaud Frères are a multi-species selec-tion and breeding operator in the serviceof the watefowls and festive poultry field.
Grimaud Frères SélectionTel: +33 (0)2 41 70 36 90Fax: +33 (0)2 41 70 31 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
Hubbard provides solutions that focus onthe economic performance, health andwell-being of breeding stock. Hubbard spe-cializes in state-of-the-art selection pro-grams to improve the performance of theirpure lines.
HubbardTel: +33 296 79 63 70Fax: +33 296 74 04 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
Hy-Line International is a world leader inpoultry layer genetics with a rich history ofinnovation. Hy-Line was the first poultrybreeding company to apply the principlesof hybridization to commercial layerbreed-ing.
Hy-LineTel: +1 515 225 6030Fax: +1 515 225 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
NoVoGEN offers a new alternative givingthe egg producers more choice and possi-bilities to fit their specific market require-ments.
NovogenTel: +33 296 58 12 60Fax: +33 296 58 12 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
Started off as a Broiler breeding company,with pure line birds developed and bredunder Indian Climate, feed & managementsince 1990.
Indbro PoultryTel: +91 (40) 241 [email protected]
Areas:BreedingGenetics
BIOSECURITY & HYGIENE
CID LINES offers VIRoCID, the most pow-erful disinfectant, which is part of a hygieneprogram for poultry, written by hygienespecialists. VIRoCID has a proven record inpreventing and fighting disease outbreaksfor many years.
CID LINESTel: +32 5721 7877Fax: +32 5721 [email protected]
Areas:BiosecurityCleaningFeed: AdditivesHealth and SafetyPest ControlWelfare
FoSSIL SHIELD + PCS Poultry, the solutionto your red mite problem. Uniqueprofessional on-site electrostatic applica-tion with Fossil shield, a non-toxic naturaldiatomaceous powder.
PCS Poultry ServicesTel: +44 (0) 1386 701 812Fax: +44 (0) 1386 701 [email protected]
Areas:BiosecurityHygieneCleaning ServicesPest Control
FEEDING & NUTRITION
AB Vista is an integrated international sup-plier of new generation micro-ingredientsfor animal feeds providing visionary solu-tions for your agribusiness.
AB VistaTel: +44 (0) 1672 517650Fax: +44 (0) 1672 [email protected]
Areas:FeedFeed: AdditivesFeed: Nutrition
BIoMIN offers sustainable animal nutritionproducts such as quality feed additives andpremixes, which include solutions for my-cotoxin risk management, a groundbreakingnatural growth promoting concept as wellas other specific solutions
BiominTel: +43 2782 803 0Fax: +43 2782 803 [email protected]
Areas:FeedFeed: AdditivesFeed: Nutrition
Danisco’s ingredients are used globally in awide range of industries – from bakery,dairy and beverages to animal feed, laundrydetergents and bioethanol – to enable func-tional, economic and sustainable solutions
DaniscoTel: +44 (0) 1672 517777Fax: +44 (0) 1672 [email protected]/animalnutrition
Areas:Feed: Additives
Global Bio-Chem Technology Group is a pi-oneer of corn refined and corn based prod-ucts. our products are utilized in feedproducts, food, beverage, cosmetics, tex-tiles, pharmaceuticals and chemicals indus-try worldwide.
Global Bio-Chem Tel: (852) 2838 8155Fax: (852) 2838 [email protected]
Areas:FeedFeed: Additives
BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS
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Kerry Animal Nutrition aims to identify andcommercialise existing Kerry ingredientsand technologies to create potential worldbeaters in animal nutrition and health
Kerry Ingredients& Flavours EMEATel: +31 36 523 3100 Fax: +31 36 523 [email protected]
Areas:FeedFeed: AdditivesFeed: Safety
Novus International is a global leader of an-imal health and nutrition programs for thepoultry, pork, beef, dairy aquaculture andcompanion animal industries.
Novus InternationalTel: +1 314 576 8886Fax: +1 314 576 [email protected]
Areas:FeedFeed: AdditivesFeed: Nutrition
HOUSING & EQUIPMENT
AgriLamp™ is a leading LED manufacturerwith years of experience in designing andmanufacturing the world’s most innovativeLED (light-emitting diode) lighting solutionsfor the agricultural industry.
AgrilampTel: +44 (0) 1332 547 118Fax: +44 (0) 208 439 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: Lighting &Electrical
The poultry equipment supplier for layermanagement, breeder management, poultrygrowing and poultry climate control.
Big DutchmanTel: +49 4447 801 0Fax: +49 4447 801 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: BreedingEquipment: DrinkingEquipment: EggEquipment: FeedingEquipment: Weighing
SPACE-RAy manufactures high efficiencyinfra-red radiant heating solutions (alsoknown as direct gas fired radiant heating),for industrial, commercial, agricultural orleisure purposes
Space-Ray HeatersTel: +44 (0) 1473 830 551Fax: +44 (0) 1473 832 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: Heaters
BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS
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optivite specialises in the design, develop-ment, manufacture and distribution of non-hazardous, drug free ingredients andadditives for the maintenance and enhance-ment of feed quality.
OptiviteTel: +44 (0) 1909 537 380Fax: +44 (0) 1909 478 [email protected]
Areas:Feed: AdditivesFeed: Nutrition
A global market leader specializing in cli-mate technology since 1967 in design, man-ufacture and distribution of efficient/qualityheating, cooling and ventilation equipmentand systems for the poultry industry witha full range of products to meet all specifi-cation and applications.
Termotechnica PericoliTel: +39 0182 589006Fax: +39 0182 [email protected]
Areas:Climate ControlClimate ManagementHeating, Cooling andVentilation
EVENTS & EXHIBITIONS
With 7 VIV exhibitions all over the worldVIV trade exhibitions are recognized forhigh trade quality in the professional indus-try. With over a 1,000 international compa-nies exhibiting and visitors from over 140countries the VIV-shows are also consid-ered as very international.
VIVTel: +31 30 295 28 [email protected]
Areas:Events & Exhibitions
Petersime is a world leader in the develop-ment of incubators. hatchery equipmentand turnkey hatcheries.
PetersimeTel: +32 9 388 96 11Fax: +32 9 388 84 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: HatchingEquipment: Incubation
Pas Reform is an international company,which has specialized in the developmentof innovative hatchery technologies for thepoultry sector since 1919. Products andServices: Incubators, Hatchery AutomationSystems, Hatchery Climate Control Sys-tems and Hatchery Management Training.
Pas ReformTel: +31 314 659 111Fax: +31 314 652 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: IncubationEquipment: EggEquipment: EnvironmentEquipment: HatchingWaste Handling
INCUBATION & HATCHING
EggTester.com (officially known as “orkaFood Technology”) is a leading worldwidemanufacturer of egg-quality testing equip-ment to be used extensively in QC labora-tories operated by egg producers, packers,universities, regulatory authorities, and pri-mary breeders.
Orka Food TechnologyTel: +852 8120 9245Fax: +852 2802 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: EggEquipment: HatchingEquipment: Incubation
BUSINESS DIRECTORY LISTINGS
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Vencomatic is a global supplier of innovativeand welfare friendly housing solutions forthe poultry sector. The flexible and turn keysolutions of Vencomatic offer large possibil-ities for a wide range of poultry productionconcepts.
VencomaticTel: +31 (0) 497 517380 Fax: +31 (0) 497 [email protected]
Areas:Equipment: BreedingEquipment: DrinkingEquipment: Egg handling and gradingEquipment: Nesting
