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The Potential Reducing of GHG Emission from Palm Oil Plantation and Mill in The Contribution of National Target
Vita Dhian Lelyana1, Mugiyanto2 Agus Haryanto3
1 Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute
2 PT. London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk
3 Lampung University
Background
Indonesian government commitment to emission reduction by 26% from BAU from own initiatives and to reduction 41% with international support in 2020.
Based on Indonesia’s First Biennial Update Report (BUR) submitted to UNFCC in January 2016, national GHG emissions was 1.453 GtCO2eq in 2012. The main contributing sectors were LUCF including peat fires (47.8%) and energy (34,9%).
Indonesian GHG Emission Reduction Target in 2020
Sustainability Presidential Regulation No 61/2011 as National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (RAN-GRK)
Palm oil industry can supports reduction emission target to the sectors of energy, agriculture, and waste in setting up mitigation activities.
Indonesian Palm Oil Industry Profile
Palm oil is a strategic commodity which contribute to the national income, employement, and regional development
More than 750 mills
GHG in Palm Oil Industry
GHG emissions from palm oil production categories as follow :
1. Emissions arising from operation during oil palm growing and FFB processing • Emissions related to the use of fossil fuels
for plantation internal transport and machinery,
• Emissions related to the use of fertilizers, • Emissions related to the use of fuels in the
palm oil mill and the use of palm oil mill by-products
• Emissions from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
2. Emissions arising from changes in carbon stock, during the development of new plantation
Purpose of The Study
1. Develop tools/software to calculate GHG emission • GHG estimation calculation • Emission factors used as default values are derived from international
agreements such as IPCC, journals and other scientific publications. • Emission factor for electric fuel, power source grid,
• Emission factor for fertilizer,
• Energy conversion for palm solid waste,
• Parameters for methane gas from palm oil mill effluent,
• Evaporation of each province.
• Unit of calculation is tonne CO2 eq per tonne product
2. Data Collection from plantation and mill • Questionnaire to plantations and mills • GHG Calculation not including emission from indirect land use change
Data Activity Collection
Data Questionnaire (Example-plantation)
Data Questionnaire (Example-mill)
Data Collection
Total sample 43 plantations and mills Provinces :
1) Aceh 2) Sumatera Utara 3) Riau 4) Sumatera Barat 5) Bengkulu
6) Sumatera Selatan
7) Kalimantan Timur
8) Kalimantan Selatan
9) Kalimantan Tengah
10) Sulawesi Barat
Bussiness as Usual (BAU) and Actual Scenario Mitigation
Baseline dan Scenario Mitigation Number of Data
Lagoon + water body discharge 4
Composting + Land Application 4
Land Application + Mulching 28
Land Application + EFB Dumped 4
Methane Capture + LA + Mulching 3
Total 43
• The Baseline is no mitigation action. Baseline for plantation is using chemical fertilizer, while baseline for mill is POME discharged into water body and solid waste is dumped.
• The emission calculation for each plantation and mill is compared with their own baseline and actual mitigation some plantation and mill have different standard
Calculation Overview (Example) – Composting + Land Application
Actual BAU Actual BAU Actual BAU
1 Perubahan Lahan - - - - - -
2 Total penggunaan energy untuk operasional (excl. transport TBS dan perumahan) 336,037 336,037 1,852 1,852 - -
3 Total penggunaan Oli/Pelumas - - - - - -
- - - - - -
4 Pemeliharaan Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan - - - - - -
a Pemupukan pupuk anorganik pada TBM 137,807 137,807 - - - -
b Pemupukan organik (mulsa) pada TBM - - - - - -
c Pemupukan organik (Kompos/Enrich Mulch) pada TBM - - - - - -
d Pemupukan organik (Solid/Decanter/WDS) pada TBM - - - - - -
e Pemupukan organik (Land Application) pada TBM - - - - - -
f Pengendalian hama pada TBM 5,660 5,660 - - - -
g Penggunaan energy untuk operasional TBM (excl. transport TBS dan perumahan) 0,112 0,112 - - - -
h Penggunaan oli/pelumas pada TBM - - - - - -
Sub total 143,579 143,579 - - - -
5 Pemeliharaan pemanenan Tanaman Menghasilkan - - - - - -
a Pemupukan pupuk anorganik pada TM 8.482,769 9.201,214 - - - -
b Pemupukan organik (mulsa) pada TM - - - - - -
c Pemupukan organik (Kompos/Enrich Mulch) pada TM (718,446) - - - - -
d Pemupukan organik (Solid/Decanter/WDS) pada TM - - - - - -
e Pemupukan organik (Land Application) pada TM - - - - - -
f Pengendalian hama pada TM 34,156 34,156 - - - -
g Transportasi buah (Produksi) 3.324,001 3.324,001 0,000 0,000 - -
h Penggunaan energy untuk operasional TM (excl. transport TBS dan perumahan) 335,925 335,925 1,852 1,852 - -
i Penggunaan oli/pelumas pada TM - - - - - -
Sub total 12.176,850 12.895,296 1,852 1,852 - -
Grand total 12.320,429 13.038,875 1,852 1,852 - - Beban Lingkungan (Ton/ton produk (TBS) per tahun) 0,072 0,076 0,000 0,000 - -
0,315 0,315 - - - -
1,506 1,595 0,000 0,000 - -
1,443 1,527 0,000 0,000 - -
Beban Lingkungan (Ton/Ha TM per tahun)
Beban Lingkungan (Ton/Ha Total per tahun)
No Diskripsi Total Kebun Penyuplai
Pemanasan globalton-CO2eq
Acidifikasi ton-SO2eq
Eutrofikasiton
Beban Lingkungan (Ton/Ha TBM per tahun)
Calculation Overview (Example) – Composting + Land Application
GHG emission : BAU : 0.87 tonne CO2 eq/tonne CPO Mitigation : 0.31 tonne CO2 eq/tonne CPO
Summary Result
Item Unit Compost + Land
Application
Land
Application +
Mulching
Land
Application +
Disposal
Methane Capture
+ LA + Mulching
Lagoon +
Water body
GHG Emission Baseline tonne CO2 eq per
tonne product 0,89 0,95 1,06 1,22 0,82
GHG Emission Scenario tonne CO2 eq per
tonne product 0,44 0,78 0,95 0,75 0,72
• The result is average from GHG emission calculation from each scenario mitigation
• Compost and land application produce lowest emission compared to other scenario
GHG Emission and Reduction Target Province North Sumatra
Source : http://www.forda-mof.org/files/Komitmen_Sumut_Perubahan_Iklim.pdf
Implementation – case North Sumatra
Implementation – case North Sumatra • Total FFB production in North Sumatra, 2016 = 4.959.127 ton
• Emission Baseline 2020 Agriculture Sector = 11.727.942,2 ton CO2eq
• GHG mitigation 2020 Agriculture Sector = 5.183.979,0 ton CO2 eq
• Number of mills = 116 units
• Mill Capacity = 12.200.000 ton per year
• The emission reduction target can reach if all the mill applied scenario mitigation methane capture + land application + mulching
Item Unit Compost + Land
Application
Land
Application +
Mulching
Land
Application +
Dumped
Methane Capture
+ LA + Mulching
Lagoon +
Water body
Total FFB production tonne 4.959.127 4.959.127 4.959.127 4.959.127 4.959.127
GHG Emission Baseline tonne CO2 eq per
tonne product 0,89 0,95 1,06 1,22 0,82
GHG Emission Scenario tonne CO2 eq per
tonne product 0,44 0,78 0,95 0,75 0,72
Total Emission Baseline tonne CO2 eq 4.425.346 4.702.673 5.239.652 6.069.512 4.086.607
Total Emission Scenario tonne CO2 eq 2.201.852 3.887.956 4.695.211 3.696.390 3.591.304
Emission Reduction tonne CO2 eq 2.223.494 814.717 544.441 2.373.122 495.303
Conclusion
• The accuracy of data collection is very important in order to obtain the appropriate GHG calculation, therefore data verification is necessary.
• The tools need to be more enhanced
• The results shows that each scenario mitigation gives real GHG emission reduction
• Palm oil industry can contribute to reduction emission from agriculture and waste sector
• National emission reduction targets can be achieved through changes in liquid and solid waste processing technology in the palm oil industry.
Acknowledgement
• This work is supported by BPDP KS Grant Research
• Collaboration research
Thank You