The Plant Kingdom (Part III)

Kings of Photosynthesis

Engage

ExploreBegin Photosynthesis Lab

Photosynthesis Foldable

Explain

• Autotrophs:biotic producers; photoautotrophs; chemoautotrophs; obtains organic food without eating other organisms

• Heterotrophs: biotic consumers; obtains organic food by eating other organisms or their by-products (includes decomposers)

Video 2

General Over View of Photosynthesis

Sunlight

1. 6 CO2+ 6 H2O ------------------> C6H12O6 +6 O2

Chlorophyll

2. Carried out in plants, algae, and some bacteria.3. In plants and algae; chloroplasts. Bacteria;

cytoplasm.4. The process is broken down into two parts:

a). Light reactions b). Dark reactions (Calvin Cycle).

Light Spectrum

violet indigo blue green yellow orange red

380nm 450 nm

500 nm

550 nm

600

nm

650

nm

700-750nm

Light Being UsedChlorophyll is the main pigment in the chloroplast. It is green and will reflect the green light.

Plants use the violet- blue area of the spectrum the most.

The orange - red area is used also used.

Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

V B G YO R

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll Light Absorption

The chloroplast

• Sites of photosynthesis• Pigment: chlorophyll• Plant cell: mesophyll• Gas exchange: stomata• Double membrane• Thylakoids, grana,

stroma

Chloroplast

Light

O2

Sugars

CO2

Light-Dependent Reactions

CalvinCycle

NADPH

ATP

ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast

Photosynthesis: An Overview

Video 3

Light ReactionsThis set of reactions needs sunlight and chlorophyll. They occur in the area of the chloroplast called the thylakoids.Sunlight hits and activates an area called the photosystem causing water molecules to split into H+ and O2

The Oxygen leaves the cell, while the H+ are used to help create 2 high energy chemicals ATP and NADPH.These chemicals are sent to the stroma to be used in the Dark Reactions.

Dark ReactionsThey occur in the stroma of the chloroplast. This process does not need sunlight and can occur 24 hours a day.In this series of reactions the plant makes a chemical called PGAL from carbon dioxide and the energy from the ATP and NADPH.This PGAL is an intermediate compound that is raw material for all the materials a plant needs. The most common is sugar.

ChloropIast

CO2 Enters the Cycle

Energy Input

5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated

Sugars and other compounds

6-Carbon SugarProduced

Calvin Cycle

SummaryThis is a building processIt requires water, carbon dioxide, sunlight, and chlorophyll. It produces sugar and oxygen..The Light reaction produces oxygen and the needed materials for the Dark reactions.The Dark reactions produce PGAL from the carbon dioxide, ATP and NADPH. PGAL will be used to produce sugar and other materials.

ElaborateFinish Photosynthesis Lab

Photosynthesis Concept Map

Compare/Contrast Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

includes

of

take place intakes place in uses

to produce to produce

use

Light-dependentreactions

Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from

sunlight

ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugars

CO2

uses

GlucoseGlycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle

Electrons carried in NADH and

FADH2

Electron Transport Chain

Mitochondrion

Mitochondrion

Evaluation