the physics in front of us · a spin zero elementary particle! 2 discovery of the century: bosons...

Pierre Ramond

The Physics in Front of Us

Community Planning Meeting, October 11-13, Fermilab

University of Florida

Tuesday, October 16, 2012

2

Discovery of the Century:


a spin zero elementary particle!

2




2


bosons are gauge force carriers & fermions are matter



2


bosons are gauge force carriers & fermions are matter

Higgs boson is neither nor; it is both!


3

is there any doubt about the LHC particle?

it is the 0 Higgs boson +


4

clear picture of the Universe when it was a few millifermis “big”


4

clear picture of the Universe when it was a few millifermis “big”

The Light Higgs

has lifted the fog of TeV strong interactions

On a clear day

theorists can see almost to the Planck scale!


mh

Planck Chimney

1210

1610

810

104

stability

trivialityGeV


mh

Planck Chimney

1210

1610

810

104

stability

triviality

126 GeV

GeV


mh

Planck Chimney

1210

1610

810

104

stability

triviality

126 GeV

GeV

SM breaks down!


6

1210 1610810104

α-1

α-1

α-1

20

60

40

mZ

?

Standard Model


7

Standard Model limited

to lengths larger than nanofermis

(much bigger than Planck length)


7

Standard Model limited

to lengths larger than nanofermis

(much bigger than Planck length)

LHC’s reach of the order of millifermis


8

still many mysteries left


8


Neutron electric dipole moment θCP


8


Mass & mixing patterns of quarks & leptons



8



Baryon asymmetry



8

Neutrino Masses



Baryon asymmetry



8

Neutrino Masses

Dark Matter



Baryon asymmetry



8

Neutrino Masses

Dark Matter

Dark Energy



Baryon asymmetry



9

Standard Model Legacies


Greater Symmetry in the Very Early Universe

9



Greater Symmetry in the Very Early Universe

9


boson-fermion symmetry?

lepton-quark symmetry? Grand (gauge) Unification

Supersymmetry

family symmetry?

(from superstrings)

(from asympotic freedom)

(from neutrino mixings) Discrete Family group


10

Implications of TeV Supersymmetry


10


discovery of superpartners

Energy Frontier


10



Energy Frontier

detect (virtual) superpartners in rare processes

Intensity Frontier


10



Energy Frontier

detect (virtual) superpartners in rare processes

Intensity Frontier

lightest superparticle as Dark Matter Cosmic Frontier


11

spin zero: squarks & sleptons

~τν 1t~ 2t~2b~b~11τ~ 2τ~

~eν Le~Re~ ~uL

~uR Rd~ Ld~


12

spin zero: higgs system

h H0+H0A

126 GeV


13

spin half: neutralinos, charginos & gluinos

C~2C~1 N~

2N~

1 N~

3 N~

4~g


14

TeV Supersymmetry

enables gauge couplings unification

removes the Planck Chimney

triggers electroweak symmetry breaking

(extends the SM to smaller distances)

(large tan β)


14

TeV Supersymmetry

enables gauge couplings unification

removes the Planck Chimney

cures the common cold!

triggers electroweak symmetry breaking

(extends the SM to smaller distances)

(large tan β)


15

1210 1610810104

α-1

α-1

α-1

20

60

40

mZ

Supersymmetric Standard Model


16

Implications of Grand Unification


16

(TeV-supersymmetry required)

gauge coupling unification

lepto-baryo-genesis

Implications of Grand Unification

proton decay($$ required)

lepton-quark mass relations(m = m )b τ

seesaw mechanism(grand-unification inspired)


17

The

Mechanism


17

The

Mechanism

Majorana neutrinos at Grand-Unified scale:


17

The

Mechanism


Leptogenesis: origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry (decay of heavy Majorana leptons)


17

The

Mechanism

Small neutrino masses


Leptogenesis: origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry (decay of heavy Majorana leptons)


Flavors & quark-lepton unification



Quarks’ CKM matrix = 1 + (Cabibbo) effects




Leptons’ MNSP matrix = X + (Cabibbo?) effects

X contains two large angles






Seesaw diagonalization?






Seesaw diagonalization?

Family Symmetry? Tuesday, October 16, 2012

19

precision measurements required at the

Intensity Frontier


19

precision measurements required at the

Intensity Frontier

example: θ ≃ θ /√213 c deviation from zero?

speculate: θ ≃ π/4 + O(θ )atm c deviation from π/4 ?

measure deviations!


20

Dark Energy


21

Measuring the VacuumCosmic Frontier


21

Measuring the Vacuum

energy not carried by particles

Cosmological Constant?

two mass scales in gravity

Quintessence?

Cosmic Frontier


21

Measuring the Vacuum

(need a new Einstein to find that out)

Is it like Brownian motion?

energy not carried by particles

Cosmological Constant?

two mass scales in gravity

Quintessence?

Cosmic Frontier


22

Origin of Symmetry Breaking

Biggest Challenge to Theory:

higher dimensions, branes, Superstrings, M-theory, space-time locality breakdown,

blah, blah, blah ...


23


23

Bright Days Ahead for High Energy Physics


the physics in front of us · a spin zero elementary particle! 2 discovery of the century: bosons...

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