The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

DobereinerDobereiner

Organized elements into groups of three Organized elements into groups of three with similar properties called triadswith similar properties called triads

NewlandsNewlands

Organized elements into 7 rows of 7 Organized elements into 7 rows of 7 elements each (49 known elements)elements each (49 known elements)

1 2 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Noticed a repetition of properties after Noticed a repetition of properties after every 7every 7thth element element

Call this pattern: Law of OctavesCall this pattern: Law of Octaves

MendeleevMendeleev

Russian scientistRussian scientistArranged elements in order of increasing Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass (Periodic Law)atomic mass (Periodic Law)Left blank spaces for unknown elementsLeft blank spaces for unknown elementsAccurately predicted the properties for Accurately predicted the properties for unknown elements (example: unknown elements (example: Germanium)Germanium)Properties can be repetitive over a row Properties can be repetitive over a row larger than 7larger than 7

MoseleyMoseley

Noticed that certain elements were not in Noticed that certain elements were not in families with the same properties when families with the same properties when they were arranged according to atomic they were arranged according to atomic massmass

Arranged elements according to atomic Arranged elements according to atomic number (Modern Periodic Law)number (Modern Periodic Law)

SeaborgSeaborg

Pulled the “f” electrons out from the main Pulled the “f” electrons out from the main body of the table and established the body of the table and established the Lanthanide and Actinide seriesLanthanide and Actinide series

Families of the Periodic TableFamilies of the Periodic TableColumn Column NumberNumber

Family NameFamily Name Number of Number of Valence eValence e--ss

11 Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals 11

22 Alkaline Earth Alkaline Earth MetalsMetals

22

33 Boron FamilyBoron Family 33

44 Carbon FamilyCarbon Family 44

55 Nitrogen FamilyNitrogen Family 55

66 ChalcogensChalcogens 66

77 HalogensHalogens 77

88 Noble GasesNoble Gases 88

MetalsMetals

Loose electrons (oxidation) to form ions Loose electrons (oxidation) to form ions that are positively charged (cations)that are positively charged (cations)

Good conductors (allow energy to flow Good conductors (allow energy to flow through them) of heat and electricitythrough them) of heat and electricity

Have 3 or less valence electronsHave 3 or less valence electrons

Non-metalsNon-metals

Gain electrons (reduction) in order to form Gain electrons (reduction) in order to form negatively charged ions (anions)negatively charged ions (anions)

Good insulators (don’t allow heat or Good insulators (don’t allow heat or electricity to flow through them)electricity to flow through them)

4 or more valence electrons4 or more valence electrons

MetalloidsMetalloids

Found on the periodic table along the Found on the periodic table along the “staircase”“staircase”

Have properties of both metals and non-Have properties of both metals and non-metals depending upon the particular metals depending upon the particular situationsituation

Also called the semi-metalsAlso called the semi-metals

Periodic PropertiesPeriodic Properties

Also called periodicityAlso called periodicity

Properties associated with the periodic Properties associated with the periodic tabletable

Repetitious over the tableRepetitious over the table

Have a pattern across the table associated Have a pattern across the table associated with themwith them

+Z

INNER SHELL OR CORE ELECTRONS

OUTER SHELL OR VALENCE ELECTRONS

OUTERMOST s ELECTRONSPARTIALLY FILLED SUBLEVELS

FOR MAIN GROUP ..... THE ns AND np ELECTRONSFOR MAIN GROUP ..... THE GROUP NUMBER

PERIODICITY OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES RESULT FROM PERIODICITY OF VALENCE ELECTRONS

FILLED ORBITALS

Be

+4

VALENCE ELECTRONS

DO NOT EXPERIENCE FULL POSITIVE CHARGE

ARE SHEILDED

Zeff = Z -

EnZeff

n

2

1 A / 1 1H

1 . 0 0 8

2

2 A

1 3

3 A

1 4

4 A

1 5

5 A

1 6

6 A

1 7

7 A

2H e

4 . 0 0 3

3L i

6 . 9 4 1

4B e

9 . 0 1 2

5B

1 0 . 8 1

6C

1 2 . 0 1

7N

1 4 . 0 1

8O

1 6 . 0 0

9F

1 9 . 0 0

1 0N e

2 0 . 1 8

1 1N a

2 2 . 9 9

1 2M g

2 4 . 3 1

3

3 B

4

4 B

5

5 B

6

6 B

7

7 B

8 9

8 B

1 0 1 1

1 B

1 2

2 B

1 3A l

2 6 . 9 8

1 4S i

2 8 . 0 9

1 5P

3 0 . 9 7

1 6S

3 2 . 0 7

1 7C l

3 5 . 4 5

1 8A r

3 9 . 9 5

1 9K

3 9 . 1 0

2 0C a

4 0 . 0 8

2 1S c

4 4 . 9 6

2 2T i

4 7 . 8 8

2 3V

5 0 . 9 4

2 4C r

5 2 . 0 0

2 5M n

5 4 . 9 4

2 6F e

5 5 . 8 5

2 7C o

5 8 . 9 3

2 8N i

5 8 . 6 9

2 9C u

6 3 . 5 5

3 0Z n

6 5 . 3 9

3 1G a

6 9 . 7 2

3 2G e

7 2 . 6 1

3 3A s

7 4 . 9 2

3 4S e

7 8 . 9 6

3 5B r

7 9 . 9 0

3 6K r

8 3 . 8 0

3 7R b

8 5 . 4 7

3 8S r

8 7 . 6 2

3 9Y

8 8 . 9 1

4 0Z r

9 1 . 2 2

4 1N b

9 2 . 9 1

4 2M o

9 5 . 9 4

4 3T c( 9 8 )

4 4R u

1 0 1 . 1

4 5R h

1 0 2 . 9

4 6P d

1 0 6 . 4

4 7A g

1 0 7 . 9

4 8C d

1 1 2 . 4

4 9I n

1 1 4 . 8

5 0S n

1 1 8 . 7

5 1S b

1 2 1 . 8

5 2T e

1 2 7 . 6

5 3I

1 2 6 . 9

5 4X e

1 3 1 . 3

5 5C s

1 3 2 . 9

5 6B a

1 3 7 . 3

5 7L a

1 3 8 . 9

7 2H f

1 7 8 . 5

7 3T a

1 8 1 . 0

7 4W

1 8 3 . 8

7 5R e

1 8 6 . 2

7 6O s

1 9 0 . 2

7 7I r

1 9 2 . 2

7 8P t

1 9 5 . 1

7 9A u

1 9 7 . 0

8 0H g

2 0 0 . 6

8 1T l

2 0 4 . 4

8 2P b

2 0 7 . 2

8 3B i

2 0 9 . 0

8 4P o

( 2 0 9 )

8 5A t

( 2 1 0 )

8 6R n

( 2 2 2 )

8 7F r

( 2 2 3 )

8 8R a

2 2 6 . 0

8 9A c

2 2 7 . 0

1 0 4R f

( 2 6 1 )

1 0 5D b

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 6S g

( 2 6 3 )

1 0 7B h

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 8H s

( 2 6 5 )

1 0 9M t

( 2 6 6 )

1 1 1U u n( 2 6 9 )

1 1 2U u u( 2 7 2 )

5 8C e

1 4 0 . 1

5 9P r

1 4 0 . 9

6 0N d

1 4 4 . 2

6 1P m

( 1 4 5 )

6 2S m

1 5 0 . 4

6 3E u

1 5 2 . 0

6 4G d

1 5 7 . 3

6 5T b

1 5 8 . 9

6 6D y

1 6 2 . 5

6 7H o

1 6 4 . 9

6 8E r

1 6 7 . 3

6 9T m

1 6 8 . 9

7 0Y b

1 7 3 . 0

7 1L u

1 7 5 . 0

9 0T h

2 3 2 . 0

9 1P a

2 3 1 . 0

9 2U

2 3 8 . 0

9 3N p

2 3 7 . 0

9 4P u

( 2 4 4 )

9 5A m

( 2 4 3 )

9 6C m

( 2 4 7 )

9 7B k

( 2 4 7 )

9 8C f

( 2 5 1 )

9 9E s

( 2 5 2 )

1 0 0F m

( 2 5 7 )

1 0 1M d

( 2 5 8 )

1 0 2N o

( 2 5 9 )

1 0 3L r

( 2 6 0 )

En

INCREASE

INC

ORBITAL E LOWERIN ATOMS WITH

HIGH Zeff

Periodic PropertiesPeriodic Properties

1. Ionization Energy1. Ionization Energy

2. Atomic Radius2. Atomic Radius

3. Electron Affinity3. Electron Affinity

4. Electronegativity4. Electronegativity

Ionization EnergyIonization Energy

Energy required to remove an electron Energy required to remove an electron from an atomfrom an atom

If removing valence electrons: 1If removing valence electrons: 1stst ionization energyionization energy

IONIZATION ENERGY

E REQUIRED TO REMOVE THE OUTERMOST ELECTRONFROM AN ATOM OR ION IN ITS GASEOUS STATE

11 eAenergyA

EnZeff

n

2

1 A / 1 1H

1 . 0 0 8

2

2 A

1 3

3 A

1 4

4 A

1 5

5 A

1 6

6 A

1 7

7 A

2H e

4 . 0 0 3

3L i

6 . 9 4 1

4B e

9 . 0 1 2

5B

1 0 . 8 1

6C

1 2 . 0 1

7N

1 4 . 0 1

8O

1 6 . 0 0

9F

1 9 . 0 0

1 0N e

2 0 . 1 8

1 1N a

2 2 . 9 9

1 2M g

2 4 . 3 1

3

3 B

4

4 B

5

5 B

6

6 B

7

7 B

8 9

8 B

1 0 1 1

1 B

1 2

2 B

1 3A l

2 6 . 9 8

1 4S i

2 8 . 0 9

1 5P

3 0 . 9 7

1 6S

3 2 . 0 7

1 7C l

3 5 . 4 5

1 8A r

3 9 . 9 5

1 9K

3 9 . 1 0

2 0C a

4 0 . 0 8

2 1S c

4 4 . 9 6

2 2T i

4 7 . 8 8

2 3V

5 0 . 9 4

2 4C r

5 2 . 0 0

2 5M n

5 4 . 9 4

2 6F e

5 5 . 8 5

2 7C o

5 8 . 9 3

2 8N i

5 8 . 6 9

2 9C u

6 3 . 5 5

3 0Z n

6 5 . 3 9

3 1G a

6 9 . 7 2

3 2G e

7 2 . 6 1

3 3A s

7 4 . 9 2

3 4S e

7 8 . 9 6

3 5B r

7 9 . 9 0

3 6K r

8 3 . 8 0

3 7R b

8 5 . 4 7

3 8S r

8 7 . 6 2

3 9Y

8 8 . 9 1

4 0Z r

9 1 . 2 2

4 1N b

9 2 . 9 1

4 2M o

9 5 . 9 4

4 3T c( 9 8 )

4 4R u

1 0 1 . 1

4 5R h

1 0 2 . 9

4 6P d

1 0 6 . 4

4 7A g

1 0 7 . 9

4 8C d

1 1 2 . 4

4 9I n

1 1 4 . 8

5 0S n

1 1 8 . 7

5 1S b

1 2 1 . 8

5 2T e

1 2 7 . 6

5 3I

1 2 6 . 9

5 4X e

1 3 1 . 3

5 5C s

1 3 2 . 9

5 6B a

1 3 7 . 3

5 7L a

1 3 8 . 9

7 2H f

1 7 8 . 5

7 3T a

1 8 1 . 0

7 4W

1 8 3 . 8

7 5R e

1 8 6 . 2

7 6O s

1 9 0 . 2

7 7I r

1 9 2 . 2

7 8P t

1 9 5 . 1

7 9A u

1 9 7 . 0

8 0H g

2 0 0 . 6

8 1T l

2 0 4 . 4

8 2P b

2 0 7 . 2

8 3B i

2 0 9 . 0

8 4P o

( 2 0 9 )

8 5A t

( 2 1 0 )

8 6R n

( 2 2 2 )

8 7F r

( 2 2 3 )

8 8R a

2 2 6 . 0

8 9A c

2 2 7 . 0

1 0 4R f

( 2 6 1 )

1 0 5D b

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 6S g

( 2 6 3 )

1 0 7B h

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 8H s

( 2 6 5 )

1 0 9M t

( 2 6 6 )

1 1 1U u n( 2 6 9 )

1 1 2U u u( 2 7 2 )

5 8C e

1 4 0 . 1

5 9P r

1 4 0 . 9

6 0N d

1 4 4 . 2

6 1P m

( 1 4 5 )

6 2S m

1 5 0 . 4

6 3E u

1 5 2 . 0

6 4G d

1 5 7 . 3

6 5T b

1 5 8 . 9

6 6D y

1 6 2 . 5

6 7H o

1 6 4 . 9

6 8E r

1 6 7 . 3

6 9T m

1 6 8 . 9

7 0Y b

1 7 3 . 0

7 1L u

1 7 5 . 0

9 0T h

2 3 2 . 0

9 1P a

2 3 1 . 0

9 2U

2 3 8 . 0

9 3N p

2 3 7 . 0

9 4P u

( 2 4 4 )

9 5A m

( 2 4 3 )

9 6C m

( 2 4 7 )

9 7B k

( 2 4 7 )

9 8C f

( 2 5 1 )

9 9E s

( 2 5 2 )

1 0 0F m

( 2 5 7 )

1 0 1M d

( 2 5 8 )

1 0 2N o

( 2 5 9 )

1 0 3L r

( 2 6 0 )

Zeff

INCREASEn

IE

DEC

INCREASE

IE1 < IE2 < IE3, ETC

LOWER IE: MORE EASILY ATOM FORMS CATIONSMORE METALLIC CHARACTER FOR ELEMENT

Atomic RadiusAtomic Radius

Size of the radius of the atomSize of the radius of the atom

Comparison vs. Ionic radiusComparison vs. Ionic radius– Metals: AR is greater than IR (loss of e-)Metals: AR is greater than IR (loss of e-)– Non-metals: IR is greater than AR (gain of e-)Non-metals: IR is greater than AR (gain of e-)

ATOMIC RADII

DEFINED BY SIZE OF OUTERMOST ORBITALS

rn

Zeff

2 1 A / 1

1H

1 . 0 0 8

2

2 A

1 3

3 A

1 4

4 A

1 5

5 A

1 6

6 A

1 7

7 A

2H e

4 . 0 0 3

3L i

6 . 9 4 1

4B e

9 . 0 1 2

5B

1 0 . 8 1

6C

1 2 . 0 1

7N

1 4 . 0 1

8O

1 6 . 0 0

9F

1 9 . 0 0

1 0N e

2 0 . 1 8

1 1N a

2 2 . 9 9

1 2M g

2 4 . 3 1

3

3 B

4

4 B

5

5 B

6

6 B

7

7 B

8 9

8 B

1 0 1 1

1 B

1 2

2 B

1 3A l

2 6 . 9 8

1 4S i

2 8 . 0 9

1 5P

3 0 . 9 7

1 6S

3 2 . 0 7

1 7C l

3 5 . 4 5

1 8A r

3 9 . 9 5

1 9K

3 9 . 1 0

2 0C a

4 0 . 0 8

2 1S c

4 4 . 9 6

2 2T i

4 7 . 8 8

2 3V

5 0 . 9 4

2 4C r

5 2 . 0 0

2 5M n

5 4 . 9 4

2 6F e

5 5 . 8 5

2 7C o

5 8 . 9 3

2 8N i

5 8 . 6 9

2 9C u

6 3 . 5 5

3 0Z n

6 5 . 3 9

3 1G a

6 9 . 7 2

3 2G e

7 2 . 6 1

3 3A s

7 4 . 9 2

3 4S e

7 8 . 9 6

3 5B r

7 9 . 9 0

3 6K r

8 3 . 8 0

3 7R b

8 5 . 4 7

3 8S r

8 7 . 6 2

3 9Y

8 8 . 9 1

4 0Z r

9 1 . 2 2

4 1N b

9 2 . 9 1

4 2M o

9 5 . 9 4

4 3T c( 9 8 )

4 4R u

1 0 1 . 1

4 5R h

1 0 2 . 9

4 6P d

1 0 6 . 4

4 7A g

1 0 7 . 9

4 8C d

1 1 2 . 4

4 9I n

1 1 4 . 8

5 0S n

1 1 8 . 7

5 1S b

1 2 1 . 8

5 2T e

1 2 7 . 6

5 3I

1 2 6 . 9

5 4X e

1 3 1 . 3

5 5C s

1 3 2 . 9

5 6B a

1 3 7 . 3

5 7L a

1 3 8 . 9

7 2H f

1 7 8 . 5

7 3T a

1 8 1 . 0

7 4W

1 8 3 . 8

7 5R e

1 8 6 . 2

7 6O s

1 9 0 . 2

7 7I r

1 9 2 . 2

7 8P t

1 9 5 . 1

7 9A u

1 9 7 . 0

8 0H g

2 0 0 . 6

8 1T l

2 0 4 . 4

8 2P b

2 0 7 . 2

8 3B i

2 0 9 . 0

8 4P o

( 2 0 9 )

8 5A t

( 2 1 0 )

8 6R n

( 2 2 2 )

8 7F r

( 2 2 3 )

8 8R a

2 2 6 . 0

8 9A c

2 2 7 . 0

1 0 4R f

( 2 6 1 )

1 0 5D b

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 6S g

( 2 6 3 )

1 0 7B h

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 8H s

( 2 6 5 )

1 0 9M t

( 2 6 6 )

1 1 1U u n( 2 6 9 )

1 1 2U u u( 2 7 2 )

5 8C e

1 4 0 . 1

5 9P r

1 4 0 . 9

6 0N d

1 4 4 . 2

6 1P m

( 1 4 5 )

6 2S m

1 5 0 . 4

6 3E u

1 5 2 . 0

6 4G d

1 5 7 . 3

6 5T b

1 5 8 . 9

6 6D y

1 6 2 . 5

6 7H o

1 6 4 . 9

6 8E r

1 6 7 . 3

6 9T m

1 6 8 . 9

7 0Y b

1 7 3 . 0

7 1L u

1 7 5 . 0

9 0T h

2 3 2 . 0

9 1P a

2 3 1 . 0

9 2U

2 3 8 . 0

9 3N p

2 3 7 . 0

9 4P u

( 2 4 4 )

9 5A m

( 2 4 3 )

9 6C m

( 2 4 7 )

9 7B k

( 2 4 7 )

9 8C f

( 2 5 1 )

9 9E s

( 2 5 2 )

1 0 0F m

( 2 5 7 )

1 0 1M d

( 2 5 8 )

1 0 2N o

( 2 5 9 )

1 0 3L r

( 2 6 0 )

Zeff

INCREASEn

r

INC

DECREASE

o

o

o

oo o o o o o o CATION < ATOM

ANION > ATOM

Electron AffinityElectron Affinity

Tendency of a non-bonded atom to attract Tendency of a non-bonded atom to attract electrons to itselfelectrons to itself

Non-metals have higher electron affinities Non-metals have higher electron affinities because of their valence electronsbecause of their valence electrons

ElectonegativityElectonegativity

Tendency of elements who are bonded to Tendency of elements who are bonded to attract electrons to themselvesattract electrons to themselves

ELECTRONEGATIVITYA MEASURE OF THE POWER OF AN ATOM TO

ATTRACT ELECTRONS TO ITSELF

EnZeff

n

2

HIGH , LARGE Zeff, LOW n UNFILLED ORBITAL ....NON-METALS

1 A / 1 1H

1 . 0 0 8

2

2 A

1 3

3 A

1 4

4 A

1 5

5 A

1 6

6 A

1 7

7 A

2H e

4 . 0 0 3

3L i

6 . 9 4 1

4B e

9 . 0 1 2

5B

1 0 . 8 1

6C

1 2 . 0 1

7N

1 4 . 0 1

8O

1 6 . 0 0

9F

1 9 . 0 0

1 0N e

2 0 . 1 8

1 1N a

2 2 . 9 9

1 2M g

2 4 . 3 1

3

3 B

4

4 B

5

5 B

6

6 B

7

7 B

8 9

8 B

1 0 1 1

1 B

1 2

2 B

1 3A l

2 6 . 9 8

1 4S i

2 8 . 0 9

1 5P

3 0 . 9 7

1 6S

3 2 . 0 7

1 7C l

3 5 . 4 5

1 8A r

3 9 . 9 5

1 9K

3 9 . 1 0

2 0C a

4 0 . 0 8

2 1S c

4 4 . 9 6

2 2T i

4 7 . 8 8

2 3V

5 0 . 9 4

2 4C r

5 2 . 0 0

2 5M n

5 4 . 9 4

2 6F e

5 5 . 8 5

2 7C o

5 8 . 9 3

2 8N i

5 8 . 6 9

2 9C u

6 3 . 5 5

3 0Z n

6 5 . 3 9

3 1G a

6 9 . 7 2

3 2G e

7 2 . 6 1

3 3A s

7 4 . 9 2

3 4S e

7 8 . 9 6

3 5B r

7 9 . 9 0

3 6K r

8 3 . 8 0

3 7R b

8 5 . 4 7

3 8S r

8 7 . 6 2

3 9Y

8 8 . 9 1

4 0Z r

9 1 . 2 2

4 1N b

9 2 . 9 1

4 2M o

9 5 . 9 4

4 3T c( 9 8 )

4 4R u

1 0 1 . 1

4 5R h

1 0 2 . 9

4 6P d

1 0 6 . 4

4 7A g

1 0 7 . 9

4 8C d

1 1 2 . 4

4 9I n

1 1 4 . 8

5 0S n

1 1 8 . 7

5 1S b

1 2 1 . 8

5 2T e

1 2 7 . 6

5 3I

1 2 6 . 9

5 4X e

1 3 1 . 3

5 5C s

1 3 2 . 9

5 6B a

1 3 7 . 3

5 7L a

1 3 8 . 9

7 2H f

1 7 8 . 5

7 3T a

1 8 1 . 0

7 4W

1 8 3 . 8

7 5R e

1 8 6 . 2

7 6O s

1 9 0 . 2

7 7I r

1 9 2 . 2

7 8P t

1 9 5 . 1

7 9A u

1 9 7 . 0

8 0H g

2 0 0 . 6

8 1T l

2 0 4 . 4

8 2P b

2 0 7 . 2

8 3B i

2 0 9 . 0

8 4P o

( 2 0 9 )

8 5A t

( 2 1 0 )

8 6R n

( 2 2 2 )

8 7F r

( 2 2 3 )

8 8R a

2 2 6 . 0

8 9A c

2 2 7 . 0

1 0 4R f

( 2 6 1 )

1 0 5D b

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 6S g

( 2 6 3 )

1 0 7B h

( 2 6 2 )

1 0 8H s

( 2 6 5 )

1 0 9M t

( 2 6 6 )

1 1 1U u n( 2 6 9 )

1 1 2U u u( 2 7 2 )

5 8C e

1 4 0 . 1

5 9P r

1 4 0 . 9

6 0N d

1 4 4 . 2

6 1P m

( 1 4 5 )

6 2S m

1 5 0 . 4

6 3E u

1 5 2 . 0

6 4G d

1 5 7 . 3

6 5T b

1 5 8 . 9

6 6D y

1 6 2 . 5

6 7H o

1 6 4 . 9

6 8E r

1 6 7 . 3

6 9T m

1 6 8 . 9

7 0Y b

1 7 3 . 0

7 1L u

1 7 5 . 0

9 0T h

2 3 2 . 0

9 1P a

2 3 1 . 0

9 2U

2 3 8 . 0

9 3N p

2 3 7 . 0

9 4P u

( 2 4 4 )

9 5A m

( 2 4 3 )

9 6C m

( 2 4 7 )

9 7B k

( 2 4 7 )

9 8C f

( 2 5 1 )

9 9E s

( 2 5 2 )

1 0 0F m

( 2 5 7 )

1 0 1M d

( 2 5 8 )

1 0 2N o

( 2 5 9 )

1 0 3L r

( 2 6 0 )

Zeff

INCREASEn

INCREASE

DEC

HIGH :MORE EASILY ATOM FORMS ANIONS

MORE NON-METALLIC CHARACTER TO ELEMENT

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

MAGNETIC FIELDS CAUSED BY SPINNING ELECTRONS

DIAMAGNETIC:

PARAMAGNETIC:

NO UNPAIRED ELECTRONS

NO ATTRACTION TO APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD

UNPAIRED ELECTRONS

ATTRACTED TO APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD

ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING IN INCREASING ORDER:

Si, P, SATOMIC RADIUSIONIZATION ENERGYELECTRONEGATIVITY

< << << <

Na, K, ClATOMIC RADIUSIONIZATION ENERGYELECTRONEGATIVITY

< << << <

Cs, Fe, SATOMIC RADIUSIONIZATION ENERGYELECTRONEGATIVITY

< << << <

S P SiSi P SSi P S

Cl Na KK Na ClK Na Cl

S Fe CsCs Fe SCs Fe S

ENERGY A

B

C

ARRANGE IN ORDER OF:

INCREASING IONIZATION ENERGY

DECREASING ELECTRONEGATIVITY

WHICH IS DIAMAGNETIC AND WHICH IS PARAMAGNETIC?

C IS PARAMAGNETIC

C < A < B

C > A > B