The Periodic Table and Ionic Bonding:

Part 1-Periodic Table Features

1

Objectives• -Describe where to find metals,

nonmetals, and metalloids on a periodic table

• -Explain the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

2

Periodic Table• Something “periodic” occurs at regular

or generally predictable intervals • Periodic Table of Elements – a table of

elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties

• Dmitri Mendeleev devised the 1st in which predictions were made

• Element- pure substance made up of one kind of atom

3

Why do you think there are question marks here?Image taken from: http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/periodictable/post16/develop/mendeleev.htm

Mendeleev’s Published Periodic Table of Elements

4

Using the Periodic Table• Boxes that make up the periodic table

contain a significant amount of information Atomic Number

(number of protons)Element Symbol(capital letter or a capital and lower case)

Atomic Mass (weighted averages)

8O

Oxygen15.999 Element Name

5

ElementsUsing this as a guide, color code your periodic table to

show the classes.

6

3 Classes of Elements• Metals• Nonmetals• Metalloids

25

MetalsLocation • Left of the zigzag

(exception H)Chemical Properties• Few electrons in outer

energy levels so lose electrons easily

Physical Properties• Ductile, good conductors,

malleable, shiny, most are solid @ room temperature

11Na

22.990

79Au

196.967

26

Metals’ Chemical Properties

Notice: only 1 electron in outer level

1s22s22p63s1

Notice: only 2 electrons

in outer level1s22s2

++

+

+

+++

+++

-

-

-

-

--

-

-+

-

-

-+

+++ --

-

-

11Na

22.990

4Be

9.012

27

Non-MetalsLocation • Right of the zigzag Chemical Properties • Almost full outer energy

levels, so tend to gain electrons; some completely full

Physical Properties • Not ductile or malleable, or

shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas

16S

32.066

17Cl

35.453

28

Non-metals’ Chemical Properties

   

Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full1s22s22p5

Notice: 2 electrons in outer level – FULL 1s2

Notice: 6 electrons in outer level –

almost full 1s22s22p4

+

+++

+++

-

-

-

-

--

-

-+

+

+

+

+++

+++

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

++ -

-

9F

18.998

8O

15.999

2He

4.003

MetalloidsLocation

• Border zigzag staircaseChemical Properties

• Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer levelPhysical Properties

• have properties of both metals and non-metals

• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

5B

10.811

14Si

28.086

30

Objectives• -Describe where to find metals,

nonmetals, and metalloids on a periodic table

• -Explain the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

31