Electrons & The Periodic Table

The Periodic TableChemistryReviewElectron ConfigurationThere are 7 energy levels and corresponding sublevels.Electrons are arranged in specific ways on energy sublevels. Sublevels = s,p,d,and f.Periodic Table

Brown = S block Red = P block Yellow = D block Blue = F blockPracticeNe = 10 electrons1s2 2s2 2p6 P = 15 electrons1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3[Ne]10 3s2 3p3Ti = 22 electrons1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2[Ar]18 4s2 3d2Ni = 28 electrons1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8[Ar]18 4s2 3d8

The Periodic TableOriginally created by Demitri Mendeleev we will cover that tomorrow.

The periodic table is organized into a grid with groups and periods.

Each element is represented by an element box containing the elements name, symbol, atomic mass, & atomic number.Periods

Rows = periods (b/c trends in properties repeat theyre periodic as you go across the rows)Whats a periodic trend?Heres an everyday example:

Groups/Families

Columns = families or groups (b/c they have similar characteristics)

MendeleevPeriodic tableThe periodic table arranges all the elements in groups according to their properties.Horizontal rows are called PERIODSVertical columns are called GROUPSLearning Check 1Which element is in group 1, period 4?A) BeB) CaC) KD) C

Learning Check 2Which element is in group 14, period 3?A) GeB) NaC) CD) Si

Parts of the Periodic TableThe periodic table is divided into several sections.The three main divisions are:MetalsMetalloidsNon-metalsWithin those sections we divide it even further.Metals13MetalsOn the left (EXCEPT H!)Metallic properties:Dense solidsShiny lusterHigh melting pointsTend to form positive ionsGood conductors of electricityMalleable (can stretch into wire)Ductile (can beat into sheets)

Nonmetals15NonmetalsOn the right (AND hydrogen!)Properties:Low melting pointsLow densitiesDull lusterPoor conductors of heat and electricityMany are gasses at room temperature

If you forget which side is which, remember Oxygen is NOT a metal.16Semi-metals or Metalloids17MetalloidsTouching the stair step (except Al)To draw stair step: start between B and Al.Properties of both metals and nonmetalsGood semiconductors

Chemical FamiliesGroup 1 (except H!): Alkali metalsExplode in waterSoftGroup 2: Alkaline Earth metalsVery reactive (Less reactive than alkali)Hard (why theyre called Earth metals)Groups 3 -12: Transition metalsGroup 17: HalogensVery reactiveGroup 18: Noble gassesInert (dont react)

Alkali Metals Group 1A Soft metals, cut it with knife Highly reactive Good conductors of heat and electricity20Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2A Shiny solids, harder than Alkali metals Less reactive than Alkali Metals React with oxygen Doesn't dissolve easily in water21Halogens Group 7A Very reactive nonmetals Always found combined with other elements in nature22Transition metals Good Electrical ConductorsThe greater the hardness of the metal the higher the melting pointsLustrousMalleable23Inner Transition Metals Divided into Lanthanides (top) & Actinide (bottom) Lanthanides silvery, high melting pts Actinides - radioactive elements Only three actinides exist in nature24Noble Gases Group 8A Last natural elements to be discovered Colorless Unreactive Very Stable

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