the periodic table - hopewellarea.org - 1 intro to the periodic table2.pdf · 4 – 1 introduction...
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The Periodic Table
Chapter 4
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4 – 1 Introduction to
the Periodic Table
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Development of the
Periodic Table
Early man was familiar
with a few elements.
◦ Gold and Silver were used
for coins.
◦ Copper, Tin and Iron were
used for weapons.
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Dmitri Mendeleev
Russian Chemist.
Published the first
version of the Periodic
Table in 1896.
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Arranged the elements in
order of increasing atomic
mass.
He noticed that the
properties of the elements
seemed to repeat in a
pattern.
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He placed the elements
onto a table.
He kept the same
properties in vertical
columns called “Groups”.
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He left blanks for
elements that had yet to
be discovered.
He predicted the
properties of those
elements.
This led to their discovery.
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Henry Moseley
English Physicist
Improved upon Mendeleev’s work in 1913.
Ordered the Periodic Table by Atomic Number.
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Page 100
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Today’s Periodic Table
Periodic – Repeating in a
pattern.
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Groups
Groups – the vertical
columns in the table.
◦ Numbered 1 – 18.
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Periods
Periods – The horizontal
rows in the table.
◦ Numbered 1 – 7.
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number – the number of protons in the nucleus.
The largest (font size) whole number in the square on the Periodic Table of Elements.
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Chemical Symbol
Chemical Symbol – The shorthand way to write the name of an element.
The first letter is always capitalized, the following letter(s) is lower case.
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Used the first letter if it was available.
Used the second letter if the first was already taken.
If the first two letters were taken, then a different second letter is taken out of the name.
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Some elements were
discovered when Latin or
Greek was the official
language of science.
◦ They use the letters from
the Latin version.
◦ Sodium – Na
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Some were named after
famous people, or places.
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Mass Number
Mass Number – the sum of the number of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
It is found by rounding the Average Atomic Mass to a whole number.
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Zones on the Periodic Table
Representative Elements – Groups 1, 2, 13 – 18.
Transition Elements – Groups 3 – 12.
Inner Transition Elements – Lanthanide and Actinide Series.
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Metals
Most are solids at room
temperature.
Only one is a liquid at
room temperature - Mercury
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Most are shiny ( Luster ),
good conductors, can be
pounded ( Malleable ), and
can be drawn into wires (
Ductile ).
Found to the left of the
“Stair-Step Line”.
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Nonmetals
Most are gases or brittle solids at room temperature.
Most do not conduct heat nor electricity well.
Found to the right of the “Stair-Step Line”
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Metalloids
They have properties of
both metals and nonmetals
Found along the “Stair-Step
Line”
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