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APRIL 2018

DAVID STEVEN

THE PATHFINDERS FOR PEACEFUL, JUST AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES

This paper provides a history of the Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies, a platform

convened by the governments of Brazil, Sierra Leone, and Switzerland. It explains the origins, purpose

and content of the Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – a guide to the implementation of

the SDG16+ targets. The Pathfinders will now support national and international delivery, and ‘grand

challenges’ on justice, violence prevention, and inclusion ahead of the High-level Political Forums in 2019.

As an action platform, the work of the Pathfinders complements the Global Alliance for Reporting

Progress on Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies with its focus on reporting, and the 16+ Forum which

showcases national and subnational models and successes.

From problems to solutions

In April 2014, the President of the General Assembly requested the Center on International Cooperation to

submit a paper to the General Assembly Thematic Debate on ‘Ensuring Stable and Peaceful Societies.’1

The paper, which drew on informal consultations with member states, UN agencies, and other

stakeholders, explored areas of agreement and disagreement about how to foster peaceful, just and

inclusive societies within what was to become the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

In the negotiations, member states had expressed concern that a standalone goal on peace, justice and

inclusion would compromise national sovereignty and divert resources from development to security.

Advocacy about the extent of insecurity, injustice, exclusion, and weak governance was accentuating

political divides and feeding a sense that these problems were intractable. The paper called for a greater

emphasis on solutions, shifting the debate from which targets should be included in the new agenda to

how these targets would be implemented.

Supporters of what would become Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG16) needed to demonstrate,

in concrete terms, what action they would take to build more peaceful, just and inclusive societies,

providing a basis for exploring the partnerships, funding, and knowledge sharing that would underpin

delivery of a new goal in ways that respect, and reinforce, the sovereignty of member states.

The principle of universality was of great importance. It offered an opportunity to bring together new

types of partnership, with ‘pathfinder’ countries from all regions and income groups making an early

commitment to national implementation. Over time, this would allow successful models to be scaled up

and adapted by other countries, building political will and attracting increased finance.

Partnerships built around the principle of universality, and with a commitment to the implementation of

evidence-based solutions, had the potential to turn an aspirational goal into an agenda for action for

building peaceful, just and inclusive societies where people live free from fear and violence.

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Ending violence against children

As the negotiations continued, early leadership on implementation focused on proposed targets for

violence against children.

The Open Working Group’s proposals brought together those working on peaceful societies with

champions for children who believed that violence was a missing dimension from the Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs).2

In early 2015, a group of partners came together to explore:

An historic opportunity to unite the world behind a global, national, and local movement to

protect children from violence, based on increased political will, a global partnership that

will protect children, and the identification of pathfinder countries that will be ready to

deliver the new agenda from January 2016.3

Following a period of intensive preparation, the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children was

launched at the first High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2016.4 At the same time,

international organizations made a new commitment to solutions, uniting behind INSPIRE, a ‘package’ of

seven strategies based on the best available evidence of what works to prevent and address violence.5

At launch of the partnership, ministers from four pathfinder countries committed to implementing

roadmaps for ending violence.6 At the first ‘Solutions Summit’ in February 2018, the list of pathfinder

countries had grown to 16,* as part of “a movement comprising national governments, civil society

organizations, philanthropic foundations and individual actors from across the world.”7

The Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children can now work with its pathfinder countries to

strengthen commitments and to move towards significant, measurable, and sustained reductions in

levels of violence.8

Finding new pathfinders

The work on ending violence against children acted as a prototype for a broader effort to tackle all the

SDG targets for peaceful, just and inclusive societies.

As the new partnership was launched in 2016, research was published, with the support of the

governments of Brazil and Switzerland, warning that SDG16 still lacked international and regional

support for implementation. Some universal ‘delivery platforms’ already existed for challenges covered

by the new targets. The Open Government Partnership was a prominent example.

But there was little consensus about the strategies needed to make progress across the range of targets

for peace, access to justice, rights and gender equality, good governance and inclusion:

The main priority is to ensure coherent delivery across a range of partnerships, networks,

and alliances… Greater effort will be needed to create a shared strategic direction and to

bring partners together around the policies that are most likely to deliver impact.9

The report recommended formation of a platform for peaceful, just and inclusive societies that would

unite partners around a roadmap for delivering SDG16 and related targets. Discussions demonstrated a

desire to develop “a shared strategy that brings together multiple coalitions and groupings, a case for

* El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Paraguay, Philippines, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tanzania, Uganda

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investment that provides a platform for finance and commitments, and political champions to galvanize

implementation.”10

The new platform was launched a few months later at a side event to the General Debate of the 71st

Session of the UN General Assembly in September 2016.11 Convened by the governments of Brazil,

Sierra Leone, and Switzerland, the Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies was formed by

member states, international organizations, global partnerships, and other stakeholders to:

Build the intellectual foundations and alliances that turn the ambition of the SDG targets

for peaceful, just and inclusive societies into reality.12

The comparative advantage of the Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies is based on three

elements.

A shift from SDG16 to SDG16+

The Pathfinders covers all targets for peaceful, just and inclusive societies, linking the 12 targets from

SDG16 to 24 targets from seven other goals that directly measure an aspect of peace, justice or inclusion

(SDG16+).13 These targets are presented in annex 1.

The SDG16+ targets are, in turn, linked to other parts of the 2030 Agenda that “contribute to the

achievement of peace, or to a broader conception of a just and inclusive society.”14 They are a catalyst

for delivery of all Sustainable Development Goals, while factors from other SDGs reduce risk and

increase resilience in ways that contribute to peace, justice and inclusion.15

This is in line with the integrated nature of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the 2030 Agenda’s

affirmation that “there can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without

sustainable development.”16

SDG16+ provides an integrated perspective that strengthens the case for universality, covering a

broader range of challenges relevant to different countries. It focuses on factors that entrench

inequality in societies, while emphasizing a gender and human rights perspective.

Most importantly, it underlines the need for integrated approaches and collaborative partnerships,

encouraging actors from governance, justice, rights, public health, education, jobs, social protection and

other sectors to develop shared strategies for implementation.17

A platform for action

At a planning retreat at the Greentree Foundation in November 2016, member states and other

participants recognized that “SDG16+ poses daunting challenges, with a substantial gap between the

targets and business-as-usual trajectories for 2030.”18

While many countries have made significant progress towards greater peace, justice or inclusion in

recent years, greater understanding is needed of the policies, strategies, programs and investment most

likely to lead to success.

The retreat underlined the need to focus on the delivery of evidence-based solutions, with data and

evidence, learning and exchange, finance, and advocacy and movement building enabling more

ambitious implementation.

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Participants concluded that the Pathfinders should be an “action platform that will accelerate delivery

and guide more effective partnerships and collaboration.”19

By placing the focus on implementation, the Pathfinders complements other member state initiatives

that span SDG16+:

▪ The Global Alliance for Reporting Progress on Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies, which “helps

member states to meet the challenge of—and help realise the opportunities presented by—

reporting on peace, justice, and inclusion.”20

▪ The 16+ Forum, which showcases multi-stakeholder implementation of SDG16+ at national and

subnational levels, while highlighting interlinkages across the wider 2030 Agenda and connections to

other UN priorities, such as Sustaining Peace.21

A docking station for those committed to SDG16+ implementation

The ‘pathfinder’ concept recognizes the importance of those playing a leadership role in an area of the

2030 Agenda that was not included in the MDGs.

Pathfinder countries are those that are exploring “new approaches, models, and tools for building

peaceful, just and inclusive societies.”22 Their commitment to act will demonstrate to others what is

possible, building momentum throughout the life of the agenda.

International organizations, global partnerships, civil society networks, foundations, and the private

sector also play a leadership role in implementation.

The breadth of the SDG16+ targets, however, demonstrates that levels of fragmentation are high.

SDG16.1 and related targets for peaceful societies call for a significant reduction in all forms of violence

in all countries, but different communities currently work in isolation to prevent various forms of

violence.23

There are similar divides between those working on criminal and civil justice, and between those who

approach justice from a legal empowerment perspective and those who aim to increase justice for

victims and survivors of violence and other human rights abuses.24

Strengthened governance is essential for all sectors, as they attempt to deliver goals and targets that are

described in the 2030 Agenda as “supremely ambitious.”25 Social, economic and political inclusion is

another cross-cutting challenge that must be tackled directly, but also integrated into increasingly

participatory approaches to SDG implementation.26

The Pathfinders initiative acts as a ‘docking station’ to bring together different actors and perspectives.

Rather than displacing their activity, it offers a shared vision of delivery. It promotes cooperation

between countries and between sectors, highlighting successes and leadership.

And it challenges each partner to increase its commitments in line with the ambition of the SDG16+

targets through a roadmap that “focuses on what can be done, over the next five years, to increase

ambition and accelerate delivery.”27

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A guide to implementation

The Greentree retreat began the development of a Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies,

with a discussion paper circulated in March and a zero draft in May 2017.

After an extensive consultation and two subsequent drafts, a final consultation at ministerial level was

held at the High-level Political Forum in July 2017.28 The roadmap was launched at a high-level side

event to the 72nd Session of the General Assembly in September 2017 (for an overview, see annex 2).29

By the time of the launch, a total of 24 governments had agreed to become pathfinders, while 18

international organizations, partnerships and networks had supported development of the roadmap

(annex 3). The group is inclusive:

All countries are invited to become pathfinders, using the roadmap to strengthen their

implementation of SDG16+, and to share their leadership and experience in building

peaceful, just and inclusive societies.

In their introduction to the roadmap, the three convening governments describe it as a ‘first guide’ to

implementation. The roadmap focuses on the High-level Political Forum in 2019 as a key milestone. At

ministerial level in July, the forum will take on the theme “empowering people and ensuring

inclusiveness and equality” and review SDG16 and SDG10 (inequality).*30

In September, heads of state and government gather for the first time to review the 2030 Agenda as a

whole. They will provide “high-level political guidance” on the agenda and “mobilize further actions to

accelerate implementation” during the second four-year cycle of the 2030 Agenda.31

The roadmap does not aim to provide a ‘recipe’ for delivering the SDG16+ targets, but to act as a

catalyst for developing more ambitious delivery strategies at all levels from the local to the global. It

helps governments and other partners identify opportunities to scale up implementation, based on the

best available evidence and connecting them to existing frameworks and partnerships.

Transformative strategies

The roadmap identifies three transformative strategies, nine areas of catalytic action, and four enablers

for the implementation of SDG16+.

The transformative strategies recognize the need for cross-cutting and integrated approaches that will

deliver progress across the SDG16+ targets, while also having a positive impact on all 17 SDGs. The

strategies are strongly interconnected.

▪ A new commitment to prevention is needed to tackle unacceptable levels of violence and

insecurity. Prevention is a universal responsibility for all countries, with increasingly intensive and

targeted approaches needed in contexts where the risks to sustainable development are growing.32

Effective prevention directly reduces all forms of violence, while addressing grievances, reducing

polarization and distrust, and strengthening institutions so they can manage and resolve disputes

fairly.

▪ An institutional renewal will underpin a shift towards more sustainable patterns of development.

Many societies now find that their institutions are poorly equipped to respond to the aspirations of

* Also SDG4 (education) and SDG17 (partnership).

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their citizens, while the SDGs imply substantially increased demand on institutions of all kinds. The

roadmap calls for good governance not to be seen in isolation, but as a responsibility of all sectors as

they search for new ways to respond to the problems that matter most to people.

▪ A focus on greater inclusion and empowerment, at a time when many people feel excluded from

their societies and from globalization, a trend that is fueling political instability, reducing social

cohesion, and – in some cases – leading to violent conflict. The 2030 Agenda promises greater social,

economic, and political inclusion and can only be delivered through greater empowerment of

women, children, young people, and vulnerable groups.

Catalytic actions

The catalytic actions provide a practical starting point for delivery of the SDG16+ targets, identifying areas

where there is immediate potential to accelerate implementation based on existing evidence and models.

Each action will contribute to progress on multiple targets, “build[ing] confidence that early results can

be delivered and allow[ing] for continued investment in ‘what works’ to take forward

implementation.”33

The catalytic actions call for scaled up violence prevention for women, children, and vulnerable groups,

and for action to build safe, inclusive and resilient cities. Targeted prevention is needed for countries

and communities most at risk of being left behind, including those most affected by conflict and

violence. People must be empowered as agents of change, while human rights are protected, and

gender equality promoted.

Other actions focus on providing justice and legal identity for all, while tackling corruption and illicit

flows. Open and responsive government will help fulfill the 2030 Agenda’s commitment to effective,

accountable, and transparent institutions that are equipped to meet people’s needs and respect their

rights.

For each catalytic action, the roadmap sets out recommendations for implementation and explains how

implementation will contribute to the strategies for prevention, institutional renewal, and inclusion and

empowerment. Case studies are presented from pathfinder countries and major multi-stakeholder

partnerships are identified.

Enablers

The enablers underpin implementation of the SDG16+ targets.

▪ The roadmap emphasizes the need for long-term investment to provide decision makers with the

evidence and data they need to be effective.

▪ A strengthened case for investment is essential to mobilize finance from multiple sources, including

governments, international public finance, the private sector, foundations, and innovative sources

of finance.

▪ The universality of the 2030 Agenda should encourage new approaches to learning and exchange,

while increasing the use of evidence in policy making.

▪ Communication, advocacy and movement building is needed to increase political will for SDG16+

implementation, while harnessing the energies of all parts of society.

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The road to 2019

Following publication of the roadmap, the Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies are now

focused on working together to accelerate implementation. The strategy for this new phase has three

objectives and is summarized in annex 4.

The Pathfinders strategy aims to strengthen commitments to implement SDG16+ at the High-level

Political Forum in 2019 and to drive towards measurable progress against the targets in as many

countries as possible by 2023.

This provides a focus to align the work of the Pathfinders with the other SDG16+ umbrella initiatives: the

Global Alliance for Reporting Progress on Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies, and the 16+ Forum. At

the request of their members, the three secretariats have begun to develop a plan of action for the

HLPFs in 2019, with the aim of building a ‘guiding coalition’ of champions that will maximize impact in

2019 and beyond.

The plan identifies the need to:

▪ Demonstrate progress and results, by maximizing the number of countries with strong reporting on

SDG16+ and using other opportunities provided by the formal HLPF processes.

▪ Mobilize action to accelerate implementation, populating a register of voluntary commitments at

the ministerial and leader-level HLPFs, and at a potential ‘commitments conference’ in 2020.

▪ Build the movement for peaceful, just and inclusive societies, bringing together partners from all

countries and sectors to celebrate their successes and commitments.

▪ Consolidate links to all 17 SDGs, building closer partnerships with those working on other SDGs,

while strengthening links to other international commitments and frameworks.

The first of these areas – reporting – is primarily the responsibility of the Global Alliance. The main focus

of the Pathfinders is on the second area – action and commitments – supported by the 16+ Forum’s

work on showcasing. All three initiatives will work together on movement building and building links

from SDG16+ to other parts of the 2030 Agenda.

Supporting national delivery

By working directly to support national delivery, the Pathfinders aims to help more countries set their

own targets for peaceful, just and inclusive societies, and to make commitments in their national

development plans and strategies.

In some cases, governments have requested direct support from the Pathfinders secretariat.

The roadmap underlines the need “to ensure that the least developed and most vulnerable countries

can participate fully in the Pathfinders group and are able effectively to implement SDG16+.”34 In order

to maintain the universality of the platform, it will be necessary to devote special attention to countries

that otherwise lack the capacity to participate fully.

In other cases, the Pathfinders secretariat will provide indirect support to national implementation,

working with international and regional organizations or with major partnerships that are working

towards one or more SDG16+ targets.

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In either case, the roadmap will help countries:

▪ Understand areas of strength and weakness for the implementation of the SDG16+ targets.

▪ Identify immediate priorities for scaling up implementation, building on current development

strategies and plans.

▪ Develop a vision for longer-term actions to build peaceful, just and inclusive societies for integration

into future planning cycles.

▪ Strengthen learning and exchange with other countries, and support from international and regional

partners.

In this area, the work of the Pathfinders will directly contribute to the efforts of the Global Alliance as it

strengthens reporting ahead of the HLPF 2019.

Supporting international delivery

The Pathfinders’ second priority is to support regional and international actors as they deliver elements

of the roadmap, with the aim of “increasing the proportion of SDG16+ targets covered by international

and regional delivery strategies.”35

For example, the Pathfinders published a challenge paper on violence against children ahead of the End

Violence Solutions Summit.36 The Pathfinders will continue to work with Global Partnership to End

Violence Against Children and other partners to fulfill the summit’s commitment to “plac[ing] all

children – and especially the most vulnerable – at the center of the 2030 Agenda and its progress review

at the High-level Political Forum in 2019.”37

A related priority is to break down silos between those preventing violence against women and against

children, working with the Spotlight Initiative to eliminate violence against women and girls.

The Pathfinders will also convene partners committed to implementation of SDG16+ in countries most

at risk of being left behind, building on the recommendations of Pathways for Peace, the recent

landmark study on prevention from the UN and World Bank.38

Other potential areas for action include working with UN-Habitat, UNODC, and others to strengthen

support for building safe, inclusive and resilient cities, or for strengthening global and regional

cooperation on corruption and illicit flows.

Finally, the roadmap makes a commitment to:

Increase the number of other sectors that are actively addressing the obstacles to

achievement of their SDGs posed by violence, insecurity, injustice, exclusion, and weak

governance.

This provides an opportunity to work with multi-stakeholder partnerships working on areas such as

health, education, nutrition, sustainable energy, and poverty reduction.

The grand challenges

The Pathfinders ‘grand challenges’ aim to take a limited number of high profile challenges related to

SDG16+, and to use them to “set a policy and learning agenda, while raising ambition and increasing

political will.”39

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The first challenge aims to accelerate delivery of SDG16.3 – access to justice for all – and other targets

for building just societies. In February 2018, a Task Force on Justice was launched in Buenos Aires, as an

initiative of the Pathfinders.40 It is chaired by ministers from Argentina, the Netherlands, and Sierra

Leone, and Hina Jilani, the lawyer and human rights activist, who is one of the Elders.

The Task Force aims to encourage an acceleration in the provision of justice to people and communities

outside the protection of the law.41 It will address the following questions:

▪ The justice gap. What do people need and want when they seek justice? What kind of justice do

they receive?

▪ Making the case. What is the case for action and investment in equal access to justice for all? What

strategy is needed for financing equal access to justice for all?

▪ What works. What strategies, tools and approaches will increase access to justice? How should

those defending justice be supported and protected?

▪ Call to action. What commitments should national and local actors make to closing the justice gap?

How can international and regional cooperation support access to justice at national levels?42

The Task Force is supported by a growing alliance of justice partners. The World Justice Project, UNODC

and other partners are developing a new synthesis of justice data. The OECD and World Bank are

building a case for investment in justice. UN Women and UNODC are convening a ministerial-level group

on justice for women, while HiiL is leading a working group on innovation and the International Center

for Transitional Justice a working group on transitional justice.

Multiple partners, including UNDP and the Open Government Partnership, are supporting countries to

strengthen national implementation. In this way, the Task Force will act as a platform for commitments

on justice ahead of the High-level Political Forum in 2019.

Scoping work is underway on the second grand challenge which focuses on the promise of SDG16.1 to

“significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.”43 This challenge will

Bring together all disciplines and sectors to explore how [SDG16.1] can be delivered and

financed, creating an agenda for action for policymakers from all countries.

The final grand challenge will develop a new agenda for social, economic, and political inclusion. This

grand challenge will identify new models for inclusion and for meaningful participation, while making

recommendations on how to protect civic space and to ensure that all parts of society can play a full role

in sustainable development.

The challenge offers the potential to build a bridge between those working on exclusion and on

economic inequality, bringing the SDG16+ and SDG10 communities together in a common endeavor to

identify political, programmatic and policy solutions.

Launched towards the end of 2017, the Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies is still in its

early stages. This reflects the relatively immature nature of the SDG targets for peaceful, just and

inclusive societies.

Other parts of the 2030 Agenda are built on strategies, partnerships and financing that had been

developed during the MDG era. The Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health

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was launched at the 2030 Agenda summit in 2015, with $25 billion of commitments.44 An investment

framework45 and strategy for scaling up nutrition were agreed in 2016.46 The Sustainable Energy for All

partnership was launched ahead of the Rio+20 summit in 2012, helping shape SDG7 on affordable,

reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

As a ‘docking station’ for SDG16+, the Pathfinders must build from the vision set out in its roadmap,

towards more ambitious commitments to undertake and finance implementation at the HLPFs in 2019.

It will then support action to turn these commitments into measurable results by the end of the second

four-year cycle in 2023.

This will provide a platform to build on this success during the second half of the 2030 Agenda.

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1 David Steven (2014), ‘Memo to H.E. John W. Ashe, President of the 68th session of the General Assembly: Ensuring Stable and Peaceful Societies,’ available at http://www.globaldashboard.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/Ensuring_Stable_and_Peaceful_Societies_220414.pdf 2 David Steven (2015), The Post-2015 Agenda – Delivering its Core Promises to Children. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.globaldashboard.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/The_Core_Promises_for_Children_June_2015.pdf 3 David Steven (2014), If Not Now, When? Ending Violence Against the World’s Children. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/violence_children_final.pdf. 4 United Nations (undated), ‘Partnerships for the SDGS: Global Partnership to End Violence against Children,’ available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/partnership/?p=9061 5 WHO, CDC, End Violence Against Children, PAHO, PEPFAR, Together for Girls, UNICEF, UNODC, USAID, and World Bank (2016), INSPIRE - Seven Strategies for Ending Violence Against Children. Geneva: WHO, available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/207717/1/9789241565356-eng.pdf?ua=1. 6 David Steven (2018), ‘Where Next? Ending Violence Against Children,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/publication_where_next_ending_violence_against_children_jan2018.pdf 7 Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children (2018), ‘The Agenda 2030 for Children: End Violence Solutions Summit,’ available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/18F8b0EHyfU2tcPrwwVJ87yznT78g6vmN/view, p67 8 David Steven (2018), ‘Where Next? Ending Violence Against Children,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/publication_where_next_ending_violence_against_children_jan2018.pdf 9 David Steven and Eric Kashambuzi (2016), Turning Ambition into Reality - Platforms and Partnerships for Delivering Agenda 2030. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/turning_ambitions_steven_kashambuzi_final_web_2.pdf, p37 10 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies: Towards a roadmap for delivering the SDG16+ targets – a retreat at the Greentree Foundation, event summary.’ See also http://cic.nyu.edu/news_commentary/peaceful-just-and-inclusive-societies-towards-roadmap-delivering-sdg16-targets 11 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – a side event to UNGA 71 – 20 September 2016, meeting report,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/peaceful_just_inclusive_societies_unga_270916.pdf 12 Center on International Cooperation (2017), ‘Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change Our World: Discussion Paper,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/publication_sdg16_roadmap_discussion_paper_07mar17.pdf 13 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘SDG Targets for Fostering Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/peaceful_just_inclusive_targets_analysis_aug2016.pdf 14 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘SDG Targets for Fostering Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/peaceful_just_inclusive_targets_analysis_aug2016.pdf 15 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p15 16 United Nations (2015), Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication 17 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘SDG Targets for Fostering Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/peaceful_just_inclusive_targets_analysis_aug2016.pdf 18 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies: Towards a roadmap for delivering the SDG16+ targets – a retreat at the Greentree Foundation, event summary.’ p9 19 Center on International Cooperation (2016), ‘Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies: Towards a roadmap for delivering the SDG16+ targets – a retreat at the Greentree Foundation, event summary.’ p4

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20 RELX Group SDG Resource Centre (undated), ‘Global Alliance: Reporting Peace, Justice and Inclusion,’ available at https://sdgresources.relx.com/ga 21 World Federation of United Nations Associations (undated), ‘16+ Forum,’ available at http://www.wfuna.org/sixteenplusforum 22 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p13 23 Sarah Cliffe and David Steven (2017), An Integrated Approach to Prevention: The Links between Prevention, the 2030 Agenda, and Sustaining Peace. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://cic.nyu.edu/publications/integrated-approach-prevention-links-between-prevention-2030-agenda-and-sustaining 24 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2018), ‘Justice for All – Challenge Paper for the First Meeting of the Task Force on Justice,’ available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/sp1nhvh0mhp658k/2.%20Challenge%20Paper%20on%20Justice%206Feb18.pdf?dl=0 25 United Nations (2015), Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication 26 David Steven (2018), ‘Knowledge for Social, Economic and Political Inclusion – Talk at a breakfast meeting, in preparation for the 2018 ECOSOC Special Meeting,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/publications/cics-david-steven-addresses-un-economic-and-social-council-inclusion-2030-agenda 27 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p13 28 David Steven (2017), ‘Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – HLPF side event,’ available at https://www.globaldashboard.org/2017/07/18/roadmap-peaceful-just-inclusive-societies-hlpf-side-event/ 29 David Steven (2017), ‘Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – HLPF side event,’ available at https://www.globaldashboard.org/2017/07/18/roadmap-peaceful-just-inclusive-societies-hlpf-side-event/ 30 Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform (undated), “High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development,” available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf. 31 United Nations (2015), Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication p39. 32 Sarah Cliffe and David Steven (2017), An Integrated Approach to Prevention: The Links between Prevention, the 2030 Agenda, and Sustaining Peace. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://cic.nyu.edu/publications/integrated-approach-prevention-links-between-prevention-2030-agenda-and-sustaining 33 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p23 34 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p58 35 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p58 36 David Steven (2018), ‘Where Next? Ending Violence Against Children,’ available at http://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/publication_where_next_ending_violence_against_children_jan2018.pdf 37 Government Office of Sweden, Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, and WePROTECT Global Alliance (2018), ‘Agenda 2030 for Children: End Violence Solutions Summit – Proclamation,’ available at http://www.end-violence.org/files/End_Violence_Solutions_Summit_Proclamation.pdf 38 United Nations and World Bank (2018), Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict. Washington, DC: World Bank, available at https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28337

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39 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2017), The Roadmap for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies – A Call to Action to Change our World. New York: Center on International Cooperation, available at http://www.cic.nyu.edu/pathfinders, p51 40 Germán Carlos Garavano (2018), ‘Delivering Justice for All,’ available at https://medium.com/@nyuCIC/delivering-justice-for-all-3837db711250 41 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2018), ‘Terms of Reference for the Task Force on Justice,’ available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/07u1gvjgzuostuj/1.%20Terms%20of%20Reference%20for%20the%20Task%20Force%20on%20Justice%2020Feb18.pdf?dl=0 42 Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies (2018), ‘Justice for All – Challenge Paper for the First Meeting of the Task Force on Justice,’ available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/sp1nhvh0mhp658k/2.%20Challenge%20Paper%20on%20Justice%206Feb18.pdf?dl=0 43 United Nations (2015), Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication 44 Every Woman Every Child (2015), ‘UN Secretary-General Announces $25 Billion in Initial Commitments to End Preventable Deaths of Women, Children and Adolescents by 2030,’ 25 September 2015, available at http://www.everywomaneverychild.org/news-events/news/1141-un-secretary-general-announces-25-billion-in-initial-commitments-to-end-preventable-deaths-of-women-children-and-adolescents-by-2030#sthash.8RXl6Giv.dpuf 45 M Shekar, J Kakietek, M D’Alimonte, D Walters, H Rogers, J Dayton Eberwein, S Soe-Lin, and R Hecht (undated), ‘Investing in Nutrition – the Foundation for Development,’ available at http://thousanddays.org/tdays-content/uploads/Investing-in-Nutrition-The-Foundation-for-Development.pdf 46 Scaling up Nutrition (undated), SUN Movement Strategy and Roadmap (2016-2020). New York: SUN, available at http://docs.scalingupnutrition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/SR_20160901_ENG_web_pages.pdf