the path to 5g - telekomunikacije...ftta : fiber to the antenna fronthaul cell site router csr nid...

Neil Hobbs

EMEA Business Development Manager

November 2017

The Path to 5GMarket and Technology drivers…

3GPP standards…

CRAN + SDN + NFV…

Reality or Hype ??

© 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 2

EXFO

The network test, monitoring and analytics experts

NO.1 WORLDWIDE IN PORTABLE

OPTICAL TEST SOLUTIONS

97%OF THE TOP 100 CSPs

WORLDWIDE USE EXFO

LARGEST ACTIVE

ASSURANCE DEPLOYMENT IN

THE WORLD.16M+ NON-INTRUSIVE TESTS PER HOUR

ACROSS 250K PATHS.

Outstanding Test and

Measurement Vendor

Global Performance Monitoring Industry for Network Operators

Fiber-Optic Test Equipment Leadership

Product Line Strategy Leadership Award for C-RAN Testing

EXFO’s Fronthaul Test Kit Scores 4.5/5 in 2016 Lightwave Innovation Reviews Program

RECENT RECOGNITIONS

You’re in safe hands as EXFO has over 30 years of experience

FACT: We Live in a Connected WorldThe New Meaning of Mobility…

EVERYONE...

EVERYWHERE & ANYTIME…

…WANTS HIGH-QUALITY CONTENT

AND ON MULTIPLE DEVICES!

3.47DevicesPer Person(2015)

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Great challenge for MNOs to provide better coverage & capacity

33%

20%16%

8%

9%

14%

Backhaul

Too many consortiums

Backwards compatibility

Security

Future proofing

Performance targets

Source: Light Reading

What are the

biggest

challenges in

implementing a

5G network ??

‟Without automation in both network and processes, service providers won’t be

able to deliver services at the cost point that customers need.

Amy WheelusAT&T—VP, Cloud and Domain 2.0 Platform Integration

$1.6MRevenue generated

per employee

(17,000 (+contractors))

$0.3MRevenue generated

per employee

(220,000 (+contractors))

Automation Agility Profitability

MobileFiber Ethernet Smarterinsights

NetworkTransformations


5G - a new kind of a network


Enhanced mobile broadband– Multi-Gbit/s data rate

– Extreme capacity

– Uniformity

– Deep awareness

Mission critical services

– Ultra-low latency

– High reliability

– High availability

– Strong security

Massive Internet of Things

– Low cost

– Ultra-low energy

– Deep coverage

– High density

Extreme scalability + increase efficiency across all dimensions

One Network for Multiple Industries

Mobile RAN Evolution – The move to Fiber and C-RAN

10

Mobile RAN Evolution – USA & Asia is leading the way!

11

© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 12

Building Blocks of a Mobile Network

Radio Access

Mobile Core

Network

Multimedia Services

RANUTRANE-UTRAN

All3G

4G/LTE

3G+4G

“The Core”CS/PS core EPC

IMSMSUEDeviceSensor (IoT)

Internet

PSTN and/or

VoIP

CloudPublic & Private

CDNSingle-RAN

Today’s Wireless Network Reality

How to Distribute

Multiple Antennas

at Lower Cost -

Fiber

Cell

Tower

RRH

(Rooftop)FTTA

and RRH

Small Cells

Outdoor DAS

DAS

Headend

DAS

Headend

Mobile

Backhaul

Remote

Unit

Remote

Unit

In-Building

DAS

FIBER

Ethernet

Mobile

Backhaul

CPRI

Metro Core

Network

Mobile

Backhaul

Mobile

Backhaul

Rapid Changing Mobile World


Network Quality Expectations

typical Fronthaul requirements

Maximum BER 10-12

Jitter CPRI specs < ± 2 ppb

Latency Round trip timeLTE < 250 μsLTE-A ~ 190 μs

X2-Delay in Joint-Transmission CoMPJT-CoMP < 5ms

Latency Asymmetry+/- 16 ns

Frequency accuracy +/- 2 ppbTime & phase synchronization is required for LTE Advanced; A phase accuracy requirement budget will be allocated to the CPRI link

Optical Power Budget 15-20 dB

Symmetric bit rate

Examples:LTE / 150Mbps DL : CPRI3 2457.6 Mbit/sLTE-A / 300Mbps DL : CPRI5 4915.2 Mbit/sLTE-A / 600Mbps DL : CPRI7 9830.4 Mbit/s

5G - Roadmap


© Nokia


About the RAN Fronthaul…


Frequencies and Bit Rates

UE Antenna BBU EPC

FronthaulRadio Backhaul

User Plane throughput = 150Mb/s

Base Band RF = 2.4 Gb/s

Carrier Freq. = 1.8 GHz

Carrier Band = 20MHz

RRH

x16

(Example with LTE 2x2 MIMO 20MHz band)

UEUEUE

CPRI / OBSAI IP

CPRI RATES AND EVOLUTION

© 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. | 19Also, CPRI option 9 (12.165 Gbps) and option 10 (24.330 Gbps) are standardized.

CPRI Line Rates (CPRI Version 7.0)

Options(Rates)

Rate Line CodingProtocol Version

(Scrambling)

1 614.4 Mbit/s

8B/10B

Version 1: No Scrambling

2 1228.8 Mbit/s

3 2457.6 Mbit/s

4 3072.0 Mbit/s

5 4915.2 Mbit/sVersion 1: No ScramblingVersion 2: Scrambling

Scrambling Recommended

6 6144.0 Mbit/s

7 9830.4 Mbit/s

7A 8110.08 Mbit/s

64B/66B Version 2: Scrambling

8 10137.6 Mbit/s

9 12165.12 Mbit/s

10 24330.24 Mbit/s

+50% vs Option 7

+25% vs Option 7

+300% vs Option 7

In data networking and transmission, 64b/66b

is a line code that transforms 64-bit data to 66-bit line code to provide enough state

changes to allow reasonable clock

recovery and facilitate alignment of the data stream at the receiver

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_code

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_code

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_recovery

Evolution

FTTA, CRAN,Cloud-RAN(on the road to 5G)


FTTA : Fiber To The Antenna Fronthaul

CellSite

RouterCSR

NID

BaseBandUnit

RadioRF

Amp

RadioRF

Amp

RadioRF

Amp

RRHs

Typical architecture for 4G / LTE cellular deployments

Optical Fiber cables

Copper / Coax Cables

Antennas

AntRadi

oRadi

o AntRadi

oRadi

o RFAmp

Radio Ant

Cell Site Cabinet = BBU Hotel

MPLS EPC

BACKHAUL

Fronthaul

acronyms:

RRU RRH

DU BBU

DU pool = BBU Hotel

CPRI


FTTA is the new RAN Foundation

CPRI link-rate explosion

3 Gbps data service 48 Gbps CPRI (4x4 MIMO in 200MHz band @ 28GHz considered for 5G)

Make sure the foundation is good before building up

What you deploy should be ready for future requirements

Upgrade to CRAN (driven by CoMP)

Upgrade of the Optical Transport Network

Higher CPRI rates

Higher QoE requirements

So, pay attention to FTTA first

Verify the Optical connectors, SFP’s

Validate the Fibers (optical power budget)

Validate the CPRI link (sync, alarms, BER, Latency)

Complexification of radio access– Coordination of radio resources:

multiple carriers, CoMP, small cells, etc.– Challenge of delivering capacity, short latency, high

availability

Reduction of CAPEX and OPEX– Antenna site simplification– Energy consumption gain (>50%)– Improved efficiency of field services

More flexibility of operation– Pool of BBUs in secured place

Road blocks– Availability of optical network up to antenna sites– Which meets the specific requirements of CPRI and

3GPP

More Pressure on RAN CentralizationThis transformation is already happening


Key requirements:

– Latency (RTT of HARQ messages):

3 ms max. in LTE

– Power budget: target approx. 15–20 dB

– Latency asymmetry (uplink vs. downlink) < 16

ns (3 meters)

Loss challenge:

– Longer distances in C-RAN imply loss; budget

harder to meet

– C-RAN introduces very « lossy » elements like

MUX/DEMUX

– Macro-bends, splices, connectors, …

From FTTA to Centralized RAN



Technology transformation

▪ Cat-M (CAT-M1)*

▪ NB-IoT• Narrow-band

▪ LWA (LTE, WiFi) , LAA (License assisted)

▪ SDN

▪ Carrier aggregation

▪ WiFi offload

▪ D2D

▪ Flat architecture ▪ New radio

▪ Extreme throughput

▪ Extreme latency

▪ Extreme connectivity

▪ Next-gen core

* Please see supporting material

Test Requirements


CPRI and 3GPP requirements are made for FTTA


… harder to meet in a CRAN / CloudRAN architecture

Mobile Architecture EvolutionCentralized Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)

FIP

OTDR

CPRI

Optical-RF

Ethernet

Test domains

Type Desc. Availa-bility

# of Fibers

Dedicated Fibers

1 fiber per CPRI

Quickly High

Passive WDM

ColoredSFP

(CWDM or

DWDM)

Quickly Low(2-4)

Active WDM

OTN based

Short Term

Very Low(1-2)

Active + Passive WDM

CWDM + OTN

Short Term

Low(2-4)

NG-PON2 Synergyw/ FTTH

Long Term

Reuse FTTH

network

Ethernet Fronthaul(eCPRI)

CPRI I/Q encapsul

ated in Ethernet

Long Term

Mediumto high

WirelessFronthaul

Millimeterwaves

(un-licensed)

Very Quick

n/a

BBU Hotel(C.O.)

Optical Network Options

Dispersion

Main Sources of Issues in FTTA Cell Sites

FIBER & CONNECTORS SFPS EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION

› Dirty connectors

› Damaged/scratched connectors

› Connector not well seated in the coupler (Junction box/BBU/RRH)

› Wrong fiber pair matching between RRH & BBU

› Remote-radio-head DOA

› Remote-radio-head malfunction/not syncing

› Antenna malfunction

› Faulty SFPs

› Wrong CPRI data rate

X ?

› Broken fiber connector at the RRH

› Fiber connector not “clicked-in” properly within the SFP

› Faulty SFP at the RRH

› Wrong SFP plugged-in (RRH or BBU), or not matching the opposite SFP

Evolution of the Cell TowerThe Move from Coax to Fiber

Evolution

Fiber – no access to

analog RF signal

Fronthaul:

CPRI Protocol

OpticalRF - RF Spectrum Analysis over CPRI

BBU

Optical Splitter

RRH

DownlinkUplink

Antenna #2Antenna #1

Downlink

Uplink

OpticalRF Dual – Quad AxC – Side by Side Display

Dual / Quad Antenna

display to show

diversity imbalances

Can indicate faulty

antenna or cabling

issue (PIM)

EXFO’s 5-Step ApproachMobile Fronthaul Network Validation

Step 1Connector inspection

Step 2Fiber characterization

Step 3CPRI link validation

Step 4BBU emulation

Step 5RF spectrum analysis

Over CPRI

Step 5RF spectrum analysis

over the air (OTA)

Typical FTTA Construction Application

Multiple test points, Multiple measurements

STEP 1 – Fiber

Connector Inspection

(FIP)

STEP 2 – Fiber Link

Loss / ORL (iOLM)

STEP 3 – CPRI

Master Interface

Emulation

STEP 4 – Digitized

RF Spectrum

Analysis

Deployment & Field Services Challenges


Reduce field dispatches and

prevent unnecessary tower

climbs

Close the technology gap:

transition from copper / RF to

fiber / CPRI

Speeds up cell-site

deployment / problem

resolution

Validation of the Product Specification + faster turn-up

To keep the project and budget on track

EXFO provides Expertise on Methods & Procedures:

• Connector & Fiber test methods

• Documented Performance (Reporting)

• Centralized management of MOP

Conclusion


Conclusions


C-RAN being deployed as a roadmap to 5G networks

Centralized RAN is the predominant architecture, but this will evolve over time to cloud RAN

Fronthaul Considerations

• Latency

• Synchronization

• Bandwidth

• Performance

Deployment/Operation Considerations

• Construction

• Testing, measurementand validation

• Service monitoring

• Troubleshooting

Fronthaul Solutions

• CWDM and DWDM fronthaul

• Overlapping fronthaul with backhaul

• Semi-passive fronthaul

• ROADMs - flexible routing

Trusted AdvisorFor Rollout MoP

Workflow ManagementLab, Field, and Operation Test

Based on years of experience with operators

http://www.exfo.com/fronthaul

Thank you!

EXFO – EXPERTISE REACHING OUT

http://www.exfo.com/fronthaul

EXPERTISE REACHING OUT

Thank you!

the path to 5g - telekomunikacije...ftta : fiber to the antenna fronthaul cell site router csr nid...

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