the path to mars © 2010 boeing. all rights reserved. boeing 2015 mars campaign: 11 lmo taxi to...
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Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
The Path to Mars
1
December 2015
Matthew Duggan
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Overview
2 Author,
12/2/2015,
• ISS as a testbed for Exploration
• Systems Development
• Human Health and Performance Research LEO
Cislunar Exploration
Habitation capabilities for humans beyond LEO
Power/propulsion for cislunar orbits
Robotic and/or human lunar surface missions
Long distance operations and resupply
Human Health and Performance
Proving
Grounds
Mars Exploration
Habitation for long duration (1000+ days) missions
Power/propulsion for interplanetary missions
EDL
Mars
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Deep Space Exploration Incremental Approach
3
Earth Reliant Missions: 6-12 months
Return: Hours
Distance: ~250 miles
Proving Ground Missions: 1-12 months
Return: Days
Distance: ~240,000 miles
Earth Independent Missions: 2-3 years
Return: Months
Distance: 36 to 250 million miles
Precursor Robotic Exploration Missions
Phase 0
Demonstrate exploration
systems on Space
Station
Phase 1
Develop & Checkout critical
enabling systems
Orion
Space Launch System
Asteroid Redirect Mission
Initial habitation Systems
Phase 2
Moon proximity; Increasing
capability and duration
Simulated Mars transit mission
Lunar Landing - International
Phase 3+
Journey to Moons of
Mars, and Mars
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
ISS as a Testbed
• Mature life support systems for long duration dependability (ECLS)
• Assess network communications delays and effects of delayed communication on interplanetary crews. (Communications)
• Understand the extent of physical changes in astronauts who live in space for long periods of time, with an aim toward improving recovery time and developing injury prevention methods for future missions. (HH&P)
• 3-D Printing in Zero-G Technology Demonstration that gives crews the ability to manufacture new objects on demand while in space. (Additive Manufacturing)
• The ISS Veggie investigation studies how to best utilize a facility for growing fresh produce in microgravity. (Food)
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Proving Grounds
• Emphasis on growth of capability built up over time
• Increasing complexity
• Useful at every stage for proving ground operations
• Goals
• Demonstrate long duration systems
• Demonstrate long duration deep space operations (earth independent)
• Demonstrate evolvability – change over time & vehicle upgrades
• Demonstrate innovative technologies & mission designs
• Incremental growth allows steady progress at a controlled rate
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Technologies
6
•Dependable ECLS
•Space Radiation Protection
•Long Duration Human Health and Performance
•High Rate Comm
•Long Distance/Reduced Supply Operations
•Deep Space Navigation & Staging
•Dust Mitigation
•Surface Power Generation and Storage
•Surface EVA & Mobility
•Mars EDL and Ascent and Earth-return EDL
Increasing
Difficulty in
Proving
Grounds
Demonstration
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Earth/Cislunar Transit Mars
Boeing Mars Architecture: The Easy Pieces
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Orion
Space Launch System
Transit Habitat
Mars EDL
Mars Ascent Vehicle
SEP/Hybrid Tug
Crew
Prop
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Element Earth/Moon Mars Transit Phobos/Mars
SLS Cargo/Crew
Launch
Orion Crew
Transportation
Crew
Transport
Sortie Vehicle/
Lunar Landing Mars Orbit Taxi MAV
Propulsion Lunar Lander Taxi Propulsion MAV Propulsion
Large
Habitat
Long Duration
Transit
Long Duration
Transit
Phobos Hab
Mars Hab
SEP Tug 50 kW Tug/ARV 400 kW SEP/
Hybrid Tug
Mars EDL Mars EDLV
Technology Feedthrough
8
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Boeing Mars Campaign - Missions
1. Phobos Outpost Emplacement Mission • SEP MTV 1 + Phobos Hab/Lander + Phobos Taxi/Crew Module
2. Phobos Crew Mission • Hybrid MTV 1 + Transit Hab
3. Mars Surface Systems Emplacement 1 • SEP MTV 2 + Mars Hab + Mars EDLV
4. Mars Surface Systems Emplacement 2 • SEP MTV 3 + MAV + Mars EDLV + LMO Taxi/Crew Module
5. Mars Surface and Phobos Crew Mission 1 • Hybrid MTV 2 + Transit Hab + Phobos Taxi Propulsion
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Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Boeing 2015 Mars Campaign:
10
Earth
Mars
MEO
LDRO
Cislunar
5 Sol
Deimos
Trans Earth
LDHEO
Trans Mars
Phobos
250 x 5500 km 250 x 250 km
Phobos
Cargo
x3
C-O
Crew
Phobos
Crew
Launch
Phobos
Crew
Return
Phobos
Cargo
x3
Transfer
to LGA
Transfer
to LGA
LGAs to
C3 2 LGAs to
C3 = 2
LGAs from
C3 2
Transfer
from LGA
Hab aerocaptures
to Phobos Phobos Taxi
aerocaptures
to 250 x 5 sol
LGAs from
C3 = 2
Phobos Taxi
remains in 5 sol
SEP MTV
Cargo Hybrid MTV
Crew
SEP MTV
Cargo Hybrid MTV
Crew
Phobos Taxi
to Phobos Phobos Taxi
to 250 x 5 sol
4 Crew to Phobos (2033)
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Boeing 2015 Mars Campaign:
11
LMO Taxi to
Phobos; stays EDLV 2
aerobrakes to
250 x 5500
Earth
Mars
MEO
LDRO
Cislunar
5 Sol
Deimos
Trans Earth
LDHEO
Trans Mars
Phobos
250 x 5500 km 250 x 250 km
Mars
Cargo
x7-
C-O
Crew
Phobos
Crew
Launch
Phobos
Crew
Return
Mars
Cargo
x2+
Transfer
to LGA
Transfer
to LGA
LGAs to
C3 2 LGAs to
C3 = 2
LGAs from
C3 2
Transfer
from LGA
LMO & Phobos Taxis
mate with MTV
LGAs from
C3 = 2
Phobos Taxi
remains in 5 sol
SEP MTV
Cargo x2 Hybrid MTV
Crew
SEPMTV
Cargo x2 Hybrid MTV
Crew
Mars Cargo EDLV 1 aerocaptures
into 250 x 5500 km orbit
Cargo EDLV 1
to Mars
Phobos Taxi takes 2
to Phobos
LMO Taxi takes 2 to
250 x 5500 km
MAV EDLV 2
to Mars
MAV to LMO Taxi
in 250 x 250
LMO Taxi to
250 x 250
LMO Taxi inserts
EDLV 2 into 250 x 5 sol
Phobos Taxi
takes 4 to MTV
Crew to Mars & 2 Crew to Phobos (2039)
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Crew Arrival
12
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De-orbit
13
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Ascent
14
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Ascent
15
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Ascent
16
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Ascent
17
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Arrival at Transit Vehicle
18
Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Key Architecture Points
• Cis-lunar tugs and SLS B1B are assumed
• 2 crew to Mars
• Mars mission elements are mostly evolved from Proving Grounds elements
• Early heavy robotics precursors can retire key EDL risks
• The cargo MTVs never enter Mars orbit; payloads are aerocaptured.
• MAV only ascends to 250 km to meet the taxi
• Key risk reduction by Phobos mission prior to Mars landing
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