the parts of a wind turbine, construction and integration
DESCRIPTION
The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration . Dr. Péter Kádár Óbuda University, Power System Department , Hungary kadar.peter@kvk . uni-obuda.hu. Draft. The elements of a wind turbine The construction of the wind power plant The building procedure - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
The Parts of a Wind turbine, Construction and Integration
Dr. Péter KádárÓbuda University, Power System Department, Hungary
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Draft
• The elements of a wind turbine• The construction of the wind power plant• The building procedure• Integration of wind energy into bulk power
systems
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Growing unit performance
Today:120-160 m 3,5-5 MW
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Limits: the sky
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Parts of a wind turbine
5
Low-med. volt. transformer
cable
steel tower
power electronics
gearbox
rotorblades
anemometer
generator
turning generator house
grid
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Foundation
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Transportation
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Transportation
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Craning
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Nacelle
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Trends
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
11
traditional up-to-date
Tower steel concrete
Height low high
Rpmsemi fixed
speedvariable speed
Cut in 3m/s 2,5m/s
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
E-40 – E-82
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
New control paradigm: wind priority
Traditional control: Load demand -> generation control on the base of the demand
Wind priority: we let generate all the wind plant, and we produce some more by the request
Future: intelligent generation and load harmonisation (Demand Side Management)
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
New control paradigm: wind priority
Traditional:Control by the demand• E.g. steam
generation• Turbine• Generator
Wind:Control by the wind
speed and demand• rotor blades• generator
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Indirect and direct driving
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Connection of the generator to the grid
30 Hz 50 Hz
20 Hz 50 Hz
Appr. RPM900-1000changing
Fixed frequency (RPM)
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Control: pitch, P,Q
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Electrical connection: compact substation
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Connection to 20 kV
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Single line scheme
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
More details…
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Protection, measurements, settling, RTU
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Connection between the tower and the compact substation
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Power, voltage level and topology
• 1 unit: cca. 2 MW (0,8 – 3,5 MW)• 20 kV for transmission 3-8 MW• Wind park: 20-30 units -> 110/120 kV• Special topologies: ring, tree, quadratic, meshed, etc.• Security – geography – economy – ecology
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind speed changesby Jensen
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
„Wind shadow” – Wake effect decreasig speed – decreasing energy
(work of Javier Serrano)
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Micrositing - optimisation(work of Javier Serrano)
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Quadratic displacement, Burgenland, Austria
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Line on the hill edge
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Molina moderna de Aragón
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind metering tower
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Atienza, Spain
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Near Calatayud, Spain
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Near Calatayud, Spain
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Near Calatayud, Spain150 towers on this picture!
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Kefalonia, Greece
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
MeasurementsCharacteristics, RPM, output power
Szélerőmű karakterisztika - induló szakasz
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szélsebesség m/s
kW Szélerőmű kiadott teljesítménye
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14:03:50 14:06:43 14:09:36 14:12:29 14:15:22 14:18:14 14:21:07
időkW
A szabályozott rotor fordulatszám
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kiadott teljesítmény kW
n / p
erc
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Cut in
RPM
Power out
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Niederland , Cabo Verde, Burgenland (A), Portugal
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Windpower plants in Hungary, 2006
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
V90
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Characteristics
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Rotor blade
V90 (~44 m) MD 77 (37,5 m)6,5 t!
Glassfiber – epoxiGrafit fiber
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
FL MD77
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
MD 77
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
E 48
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
E 48
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
E82
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Characteristics measurements
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
„Storm control”
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Comparison
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Bükkaranyos
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Erk
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Inota
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Kulcs
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Mezőtúr
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Mosonmagyaróvár -Levél
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Mosonszolnok
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Szápár
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Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Törökszentmiklós
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
System load <–> wind production
A hazai villamosenergia-rendszer terhelése 2005.12.14.
01000200030004000500060007000
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óra
MW
Szélerőmű kiadott teljesítménye
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Balancing with CO2
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Feel the measure!
V27 – 225 kW E-40 600 kW E-48 800 kW
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Feel the measure!
MD-77 1,5 MW V-90 1,8 MW E-70 2 MW 63
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
How many tower represents 1000 MW?
• V27 225 kW 4444 pcs• E-40 600 kW 1666 pcs• E-48 800 kW 1250 pcs• MD-77 1,5 MW 666 pcs• V-90 1,8 MW 555 pcs• E-70 2 MW 500 pcs
A lot.
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind energy integration
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Energy production calculation
• If 1000 MW built in capacity operates in 1 year with 20 % usage ratio
• 365 days x 24 hours x 1000 MW x 0,2 % = 1.752.000 [MWh] = 1,752 TWh
• In Hungary it is only 4,47 % of the total consumption
• Not too much
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Power ratio
It is much!Forrás: A magyar villamosenergia-rendszer 2005. évi statisztikai adatai, MVM Zrt., 2006
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How the wind blows
• BEWAG experiences: gradient 60 MW/h• 3 areas - 3 different wind blows• Local autobalancing in the windpark• Balancing between different areas
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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A kimenő teljesítmény 10 perc múlva történő megváltozásának napi maximuma 330 MW beépített szélerőmű teljesítmény esetén
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218 200 182 163 145 127 109 91 73 54 36 18 0
MW
Napo
k sz
áma
(éve
nte)
Koncentrált
Szétszórt
http://www.vrbpower.com/
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Sudden stop of wind power plants
• Too strong wind (over 25-30 m/s)• Network faults• Frequency problems
Is it really problem to loose 200 MW? – daily eventsThe network flexibility must be raised!
• Diversification• Forecast
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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• Fault in Spain
• 2006.11.04.
• Storm in Denmark
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
2008. 04.01. operation - BEWAG
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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The UTSIRA project
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
73
Hydrogen generation
On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz
Szélerőmű
Közlekedési felhasználás
Hidrogén kút
On-site hidrogén előállító eszköz
Szélerőmű
Szállítás
Szállítás
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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Központi hidrogén előállító eszköz
Szélerőműpark
Szélerőmű
KÖF eloszt
ó hálóza
t
120 kV-os főelos
ztó hálóza
t Rendszerirányítói
szabályozás
Rendszerirányítói szabályozás
-4-3-2-10123456
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Szél össztermelés
Rendszerirányítói többlet =Hidrogén átalakító fogyasztása
Hidrogén kút
Közlekedési felhasználás
Central hydrogen generation – system operatior control
Rendszerirányítói szabályozás
-4-3-2-10123456
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Szél össztermelés
Rendszerirányítói többlet =Hidrogén átalakító fogyasztása
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Where to find the control capacities?
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
75Hotel Benczúr 2008.04.02.
Unused controllable capacities
Uncontrolled gas fired capacities
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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Co-control of gas engines and wind turbines
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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77
Wind generation + gas engine generation + balancing
Szélerőmű + gázmotor + tervezett kiegyenlítés
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
óra
kW
Előrejelzett szél termelésTényleges széltermelésTervezett kiegyenlítésGázmotor kiegyenlítésTermelési összeg
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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Load of the gas engine
A gázmotor terhelése
-20-10
0102030405060708090
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
óra
%
Csoport hiba %Gázmotor eltérés %Gázmotor tervezett % Gázmotor tényleges %
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
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Control Center for Renewable Energy (CORE)
• Iberdrola• Toledo, Spain• Virtual power plant• Connection to the ISO• On-line control of the wind towers • Maitenance control
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
What helps the integration?
• Control of the windpark output• Diversification• Local control centers• Intraday power exchange
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
81Szélenergia integrálás - aukciós szempontokGKM konzultáció 2008.04.16.
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
American plans…
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82
source: Ed DeMeo, Renewable Energy Consulting Services, Inc. UWIG techn. Workshop, 24 July, 2007, Anchorage, Alaska
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Conclusion
• The wind technology is cleared, this is the high time of the application
• The hot topics are the off shore plants• The integration of the wind energy is the question of
decision• The present network structures was not planned and
implemented for the trade and renewable generation
Have a good work!
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Óbuda UniversityPower System Department
Wind Turbine Construction - Wind energy integration - Patra, 2012
Thanks for the attention!
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