the pacific circle

October 2010 BULLETIN NO. 25 ISSN 1520-3581

CONTENTS

PACIFIC CIRCLE NEWS ........................................................................................ 2

HSS NEWS ................................................................................................................. 3

FUTURE MEETINGS, CONFERENCES,SEMINARS, and CALLS FOR PAPERS ................................................................ 3

BOOK, JOURNAL, and PUBLICATION NEWS .................................................. 5

SELECTED RECENT PACIFIC BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................. 6

BOOK REVIEWS .................................................................................................... 14

SUBSCRIPTION and STAFF INFORMATION .................................................. 30

THE PACIFIC CIRCLE

� BulletinofthePacificCircle

PACIFIC CIRCLE NEWS

Recent Publications and Scholarly Activities by Circle Members

WarwickAndersonwasawardedthe2009NewSouthWalesPremier’sGeneralHistoryPrize,the2010WilliamH.WelchMedaloftheAmericanAssociationfortheHistoryofMedicine,andthe2010LudwikFleckPrizefromtheSociety of the Social Studies of Science for The Collectors of Lost Souls: Turning Kuru Scientists into Whitemen,Baltimore,MD:JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,2008.[Pleasenote:thisvolumeisreviewedbelow.]

BrettM.BennettwithGregoryA.Barton,“ForestryasForeignPolicy:Anglo-SiameseRelationsandtheOriginsofBritain’sInformalEmpireintheTeakForestofNorthernSiam,1883-1925,”Itinerario34(2010),65-86.

DavidF.Branagan,“TheGeologicalSocietyontheOtherSideoftheWorld,”C.L.E.LewisandS.J.Knell,eds.The Making of the Geological Society of London, Geological Society of London Special Publication, Number 317,431-472.

Branagan,“SomeNineteenth-andTwentieth-CenturyAustralianGeologicalClerics,”M.Kobl-Ebert,ed.,Geology & Religion: A History of Harmony and Hostility, Geological Society of London Special Publication, Number 310,171-196.

JamesRodgerFleming,Fixing the Sky: The Checkered History of Weather and Climate Control,NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,2010.

JohnGascoigne,“The Journal of Religious History,1960-2010:TheChangingFaceofReligiousHistoryOverFiftyYears,”The Journal of Religious History34:3(2010),262-271.

KernE.Kenyon,“NorthPacificCool-Downs:1940s-1960s,”Natural Science2:8(2010),911-915.

HansvanTilburg,A Civil War Gunboat in Pacific Waters: Life on Board the USS Saginaw,Gainesville,FL:UniversityPressofFlorida,2010,partofthe“NewPerspectivesonMaritimeHistoryandNauticalArchaeology”series.

ZuoyueWang,“TransnationalScienceDuringtheColdWar:TheCaseofChinese/AmericanScientists,”Isis101(2010),367-377,partof“Focus:NewPerspectivesonScienceandtheColdWar.”

No.�5,October�010 �

PhilipK.Wilson,ElizabethA.DolanandMalcolmDick,eds.Anna Seward’s Life of Erasmus Darwin,Studley,Warwickshire:BrewinBooks,Ltd.,2010.

Wilson,“TheArtofMedicine:CenturiesofSeekingChocolate’sMedicinalBenefits,”The Lancet376(July17,2010),158-159.

Proposed Sponsored Conference Papers and Panels

“KnowledgeatWork”isthethemeforthe24thInternationalCongressfortheHistoryofScience,TechnologyandMedicine,tobeheldattheUniversityofManchester,England,onJuly22-28,2013.PleasecontactProf.PeterH.Hoffenbergatpeterh@hawaii.eduifyouwouldliketoparticipateinaPacificCircle-sponsoredpanelonthatorsomeothertheme.Forinformationaboutthemeeting,includingdatesforsubmission,pleasevisithttps://www.meeting.co.uk/confercare/ichst2013/index.html.

HSS NEWS

TheupcomingannualmeetingoftheHistoryofScienceSocietyisscheduledforNovember4-7,2010,inMontreal,Canada.ThiswillbeajointmeetingwiththePhilosophyofScienceAssociation.Informationisavailableathttp://www.hssonline.org.

FUTURE MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, and CALLS FOR PAPERS

7-9October2010.“Climate,EnvironmentandDisease:CrossingHistorico-GeographicalBoundaries,”TheFifthAsianSocietyfortheHistoryofMedicineConference,tobeheldinSuwon,SouthKorea.Themeetingfeaturespapersandpanelsonthefollowingandothertopics:ComparativeEcologyofClimateandDiseasebetweentheEastandtheWest;Nature,HumanityandRace;AsianBlackDeathandGlobalEnvironment;LittleIceAge,GlobalWarmingandEpidemiologicalTransformation;TropicalDiseasesandHygiene;andtheRelationshipbetweenGlobalizationandNationalismintheMakingofModernMedicine.Pleaseaddressquestionsto:Jong-ChanLee,OrganizingCommitteeChair,DepartmentofMedicalHumanitiesandSocialMedicine,SchoolofMedicine,AjouUniversity,Suwon422-721,RepublicofKorea.Email:[email protected].


18-21February2011.22ndAnnualSymposiumonMaritimeArchaeologyandHistoryofHawai‘iandthePacific,tobeheldinHilo,ontheBigIslandofHawai‘i.Thethemeis“ReadingCoastalFootprints:EcologyandMaritimeArchaeologyinthePacific.”Tentativesessiontitlesinclude:HistoricalandArchaeologicalResearchonHumanInfluencesonMarineLife;UsingEcologicalModelsinArchaeology;andRecentMaritimeArchaeologyFieldwork.Abstractsshouldbenomorethan300words.Pleaseincludetitle,names,affiliationandcontactinformation.SendabstractsnolaterthanNovember1,2010,[email protected],pleasevisithttp://www.mahhi.org/.

4-5April2011.ConferenceonGeologicalCollectorsandCollecting,tobeheldattheFlettTheatreattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,andorganizedbytheHistoryofGeologyGroup.Themeetingwillincludetalks,exhibitions,workshopsandbehindthescenestoursontopicsofinteresttocollectorsofgeologicalmaterialsofallkinds,includingbooks,maps,minerals,andfossils.Otherdiscussionswillconsiderhistoricalcollectionsandpublicpolicyissuesrelatedtocollections.Foradditionalinformation,[email protected].

14-18June2011.22ndPacificScienceCongress,tobeheldattheKualaLumpurConventionCentreinKualaLumpur,Malaysia.Thethemeis“AsiaPacificScienceinthe21stCentury:MeetingtheChallengesofGlobalChange,”withsubthemesincluding“AChangingClimate,”“Oceans,”“Globalization,”and“ScienceforPolicyandtheFuture.”Formoreinformation,pleasevisitwww.22ndpsc.netorwww.pacificscience.org.

4-8July2012.TheNinthInternationalCongressoftheHistoryofOceanography(IXHO-IX),tobeheldinAthens,Greece.Forinformation,pleasecontactDr.GeorgeVlahakis,thelocalorganizer.Email:[email protected].

2-10August2012.34thInternationalGeologicalCongress,tobeheldinBrisbane,Queensland.HighlightsincludeasymposiuminhonorofDavidF.Branaganandsessionsonthehistoryofgeologyintropicalregions,majorachievementsin20th-centurygeology,andhistoricalperspectivesongeologists,resourceexplorationanddevelopment.Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.34igc.org.

No.�5,October�010 5

BOOK, JOURNAL, and PUBLICATION NEWS

Signals90(March2010–May2010),theofficialjournaloftheAustralianNationalMaritimeMuseum,includesthefollowingarticlesofpossibleinteresttoCirclemembersandreaders:“Wrecks,ReefsandGuano,”pp.2-9;“ParadiseLost,”pp.32-35and“SailHandlingontheEndeavour,”pp.36-41.

Signals91(June2010–August2010)includesthefollowingarticlesofpossibleinterest:“AdmiralParisandHisExtra-EuropeenBoats,”pp.2-12and“QuestfortheSouthMagneticPole,”pp.21-24.

Signals92(September2010–November2010)includesthefollowingarticlesofpossibleinterest:“HMBarkEndeavourReplicatoCircumnavigateAustralia,”pp.22-24and“ChinaMaritimeMuseumOpensinShanghai,”pp.42-43.

Isis101:1(March2010)includesaspecial“Focus”sectionon“GlobalHistoriesofScience,”withseveraloftheessaysincludingthehistoryofscienceinAsiaandthePacific.Forexample,pleaseseeMarwaElshakry’s“WhenScienceBecameWestern:HistoriographicalReflections,”pp.98-109andShrutiKapila’s“TheEnchantmentofScienceinIndia,”pp.120-132.PacificCirclememberSujitSivasundaramwrotethe“Introduction”tothespecialfocussection.

European Review18:3(2010)includesaspecial“Focus”sectionon“Evolution,”includingPatrickBateson,“TheEvolutionofEvolutionaryTheory,”pp.287-296;MichaelRuse,“IsDarwinismPastits‘Sell-by-Date?’TheOriginofSpeciesat150,”pp.311-327andHubertMarkl,“MisunderstandingandMisuseofDarwin,”pp.329-345.ThesectionofessaysisintroducedbyMartinJ.Rees.

Australia on the MaptellsthestoryofthewreckoftheDutchvessel‘Batavia’intheAbrolhosIslands,andthesubsequentmutinyandmassacre.ThesurvivingmutineersweresubsequentlymaroonedontheAustralianmainland.Detailsareavailableat:http://www.australiaonthemap.org.au.

TheBritishNavalArchiveshasasitecontainingthelogsof164RoyalNavyshipsthatexploredandchartedbetween1751and1861.ThoseincludethejournalsofJamesCook,WilliamBligh,andMatthewFlinders.Theopenarchivecanbesearchedat:http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/shipsonexploration.asp.


The“EugenevonGuerard:TheObservationofNature”exhibitionwillbeattheNationalGalleryofVictoriafromApril17,2011throughJuly17,2011,andwillthentourthreeothervenuesinAustraliaduring2011and2012.ThisexhibitionmarkstheNationalGallery’s150thanniversaryanddrawsonnewresearchandunseenpaintingsandsketchbooks.TheexhibitionconsidershowvonGuerard’straveltoandwithinAustraliawasinformedandinspiredbyhisinterestinthegeography,geology,andvegetationoftheAustralian‘NewWorld.’

NewsletterNo.12oftheJapaneseAssociationfortheHistoryofGeology(JAHIGEO)includestwoarticlesofpossibleinterest:HirokazuKato’s“KenjiMiyazawa–AFusionofLiteratureandGeology,”pp.2-8andMichikoYajima’s“TheRoleofMicroscopesintheHistoryofPetrologyinJapan,”pp.8-15.Foradditionalinformation,[email protected].

SELECTED RECENT PACIFIC BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS and BOOK CHAPTERS

Birds of Australia,8thedition,byKen SimpsonandNicolas Day,Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress,2010.

The Forgotten Explorers: Pioneer Geologists of Western Australia, 1826-1926,byJohn GloverandJenny Bevan,VictorianPark,WA:HesperianPress,2010.

Medicine in China: A History of Ideas,25thAnniversaryEdition,byPaulUnschuld,Berkeley,CA:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2010.[ComparativeStudiesofHealthSystemsandMedicalCare,13]

Pirate Outrages: True Stories of Terror on the China Seas,compiledbyDouglas Sellick,Freemantle,Australia:FreemantlePress,2010.

The Tasman: A Biography of an Ocean,byNeville Peat,Auckland,NZ:PenguinNewZealand,2010.

What about Darwin? All Species of Opinion from Scientists, Sages, Friends, and Enemies Who Met, Read, and Discussed the Naturalist Who Changed the World,byThomas F. Glick,Baltimore,MD:TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,2010.


ARTICLES and ESSAYS

“AgeofVolcanismanditsMigrationintheSamoaIslands,”byIan McDougall,Geological Magazine147(2010),705-717.

“AtomsforSale?ColdWarInstitution-BuildingandtheSouthKoreanAtomicEnergyProject,1945-1965,”byJohn Dimoia,Technology and Culture51:3(2010),589-618.

“BiodiversityandDistributionofEpibionticCommunitiesonCaridina ensifera(Crustacea,Decapoda,Atyidae)fromLakePoso:ComparisonwithAnotherAncientLakeSystemofSulawesi (Indonesia),”byGregorio Fernandez-LeboransandKristina von Rintelen,Acta Zoologica91:2(2010),163-175.

“TheBionomicsofanInvasiveSpeciesSitona LepidusDuringitsEstablishmentinNewZealand,”byP. J. Gerard,S. L. Goldson,S. Hardwick,P. J. Addison,andB. E. Willoughby,Bulletin of Entomological Research100(2010),339-346.

“CannibalismandColonialism:ChartingColoniesandFrontiersinNineteenth-CenturyFiji,”byTracey Banivanua-Mar,Comparative Studies in Society and History52(2010),255-281.

“Depressorotundagen.nov.,ANewRemarkableUropodinaMiteGenusfromSouth-EastAsiawithDescriptionofFourNewSpecies(Acari:Mesostigmata),”byJeno Kontschan,Journal of Natural History44:23&24(2010),1461-1473.

“DescriptionofTwoNewSpeciesandaNewGenusofBopyridIsopodParasites(Bopyridae:Pseudioninae)ofHermitCrabsfromChina,”byJianmei An,John C. Markham,andHaiyan Yu,Journal of Natural History44:33&34(2010),2065-2073.

“DevelopmentofResistancetoEndosulphaninPopulationsoftheTeaMosquitoBugHelopeltisTheivora(Heteroptera: Miridae)fromOrganicandConventionalTeaPlantationsinIndia,”bySomnathRoy,Ananda Mukhopadhyay,andG. Gurusubramanian,International Journal of Tropical Insect Science30(2010),61-66.

“DiopsiditesfromaNeoproterozoic-CambrianSutureinSouthernIndia,”byM. Santosh,V. J. Rajesh,T. Tsunogae,andS. Arai,Geological Magazine147(2010),777-788.


“Discovering‘TheSecretsofLongandHealthyLife:’JohnDudgeonandChineseHygiene,”byShang-Jen Li,Social History of Medicine23:1(2010),21-37.

“DiscoveryofEarlyCretaceousRocksinNewCaledonia:NewGeochemicalandU-PbZirconAgeConstraintsontheTransitionfromSubductiontoMarginalBreakupintheSouthwestPacific,”byD. Cluzel,C. J. Adams,S. Meffre,H. Campbell,andP. Maurizot,The Journal of Geology118(2010),381-397.

“DiversityAmongDifferentPopulationsofaLocallyCommonRice(Oryza sativaL.)LandracefromNorth-WesternIndianHimalayas,”byS. Kumar,A. Pandey,I. S. Bisht,K. V. Bhat,andP. S. Mehta,Plant Genetic Resources8(2010),151-158.

“TheEcologicalImpactofInvasiveCaneToads(Bufo Marinus)inAustralia,”byRichard Shine,The Quarterly Review of Biology85:3(2010),253-291.

“EffectofSeedPositioninSpikeletonLifeHistoryofEremopyrum Distans(Poaceae)fromtheColdDesertofNorth-WestChina,”byAi Bo Wang,Dun Yan Tan, Carol C. Baskin, and Jerry M. Baskin,Annals of Botany106:1(2010),95-105.

“FeedingEcologyofSymbolophorus CaliforniensisLarvae(Teleostei:Myctophidae)intheSouthernTransitionRegionoftheWesternNorthPacific,”byChiyuki Sassa,Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom90(2010),1249-1256.

“FiveFruitMorphotypesofRussianOlive(Elaeagnus angustifoliaL.)fromLadakh,India,”byAnup Raj, Mohammad Mehdi, Om Chand Sharma,andPunaus K. Sharma,Plant Genetic Resources8(2010),159-161.

“Flood-tideDeltaMorphologicalChangeattheGippslandLakesArtificialEntrance,Australia(1889-2009),”byPeter Wheeler, Jim Peterson,andLee Gordon-Brown,Australian Geographer41:2(2010),183-216.

“FourNewandOneKnownSpeciesofBelondiroidea(Dorylaimida:Nematoda)fromJapan,”byWasim AhmadandTabbasam Naz,Journal of Natural History44:25&26(2010),1509-1530.

“FourNewSpeciesofAmynthasEarthworms(Oligochaeta:Megascolecidae)fromtheCentralMountainRangeofSouthernTaiwan,”byChu-Fa Tsai, Huei-Ping Shen,andSu-Chen Tsai,Journal of Natural History44:21&22(2010),1251-1267.


“GeneticStructureandDispersalPattersoftheInvasivePsocidLiposcelis Decolor(Pearman)inAustralianGrainStorageSystems,”byK. M. MikacandN. N. Fitzsimmons,Bulletin of Entomological Research100(2010),521-527.

“GeneticVariationofOratosquilla Oratoria(Crustacea:Stomatopoda)acrossHongKongWatersElucidatedbyMitochondrialDNAControlRegionSequences,”byKaren K. Y. Lui, Priscilla T. Y. Leung, W. C. Ng,andKenneth M. Y. Leung,Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom90(2010),623-631.

“GeochemicalandIsotopicStudyoftheXiong’erVolcanicRocksattheSouthernMarginoftheNorthChinaCraton:PetrogenesisandTectonicImplications,”byYanhong He, Guochun Zhao,andMin Sun,The Journal of Geology118(2010),417-433.

“GeochronologyandGeochemistryoftheOre-FormingPorphyriesintheLailisigao’er-LamasuRegionoftheWesternTianshanMountains,Xinjiang,N.W.China:ImplicationsforPetrogenesis,Metallogenesis,andTectonicSetting,”byDongyang Zhang, Zhaochong Zhang, Chunji Xue, Zhidan Zhao,andJunlai Liu,The Journal of Geology118(2010),543-563.

“GeologicalNote:AnAlternateViewontheStratigraphicPositionofthe1-GaSukhdaTuffvis-à-visChronostratigraphyofthePrecambriansoftheCentralIndianCraton,”byA. MukherjeeandR. K. Ray,The Journal of Geology118(2010),325-332.

“GeomorphicWorkDuringa“150-Year”Storm:ContrastingBehaviorsofRiverChannelsinaNewZealandCatchment,”byIan C. Fuller,Annals of the Association of American Geographers97:4(2010),665-676.

“GlobalUpperOrdovicianCorrelationbyMeansofo13cChemostratigraphy:ImplicationsoftheDiscoveryoftheGuttenbergo13cExcursion(GICE)inMalaysia,”byStig M. Bergstrom, Sachiko Agematsu,andBirger Schmitz,Geological Magazine147(2010),641-651.

“HygrochasticCapsuleDehiscenceSupportsSafeSiteStrategiesinNewZealandAlpineVeronica(Plantaginaceae),”byGesine PufalandPhil Garnock-Jones,Annals of Botany106:3(2010),405-412.

“JosephMaidenandtheNationalandTransnationalCirculationofWattleAcaciaSpp.,”byJodi Frawley,Historical Records of Australian Science21:1(2010),35-54.

10 BulletinofthePacificCircle

“MesoscopicandMagneticFabricsinArcuateIgneousBodies:AnExamplefromtheMani-KarsogPluton,HimachalLesserHimalaya,”byR. Jayangondaperumal,A. K. Dubeu,andK. Sen,Geological Magazine147(2010),652-664.

“ModernMedicineinTwentieth-CenturyJiangxi,Anhui,FujianandSichuan:Competition,NegotiationandCooperation,”byM. Cristina Zaccarini,Social History of Medicine23(2010),338-355.

“MorphologyandDevelopmentoftheEarlyGrowthStagesofanIndonesianStylaster(Cnidaria:Hydrozoa),”byStefania Puce, Marzia Bo, Christina Gioia di Camillo, Lnda Paoli, Daniella Pica,andGiorgia Bavestrollo,Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom90(2010),1145-1151.

“Myxochlamys Amphloxa(Zingiberaceae):ANewSpeciesfromCentralKalimantan,Indonesia,”byR. J. SearleandM. F. Newman,Edinburgh Journal of Botany67(2010),347-352.

“ANewGenusofParabathynellidae(Crustacea:Bathynellacea)inNewSouthWales,Australia,”byA. I. CamachoandP. Hancock,Journal of Natural History44:17-18(2010),1081-1094.

“NewSpeciesandNewRecordsoftheHermitCrabGenusPagurixusMelin,1939(Crustacea:Decapoda:Anomura:Paguridae)fromtheIndo-WestPacific,”byTomoyui Komai,Journal of Natural History44:21&22(2010),1269-1342.

“NewTaxaandLectotypificationsofPedicularis(Orobanchaceae)RequiredfromtheFloraofPakistan,”byR. R. Mill,Edinburgh Journal of Botany67(2010),185-187.

“Pan-AfricanMetamorphicandMagmaticRocksoftheKhankaMassif,NEChina:FurtherEvidenceRegardingTheirAffinity,”byJian-Bo Zhou, Simon A. Wilde, Guochun Zhao, Xing-Zhou Lhang, Chang-Qing Zheug, Hu Coang,andWei-Shun Zeng,Geological Magazine147(2010),737-749.

“PatternsofPolychaeteCommunitiesinRelationtoEnvironmentalPerturbationsinaSubtropicalWetlandofHongKong,”byPing-Ping Sheu, Hong Zhou,andJi-Dong Gu,Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom90(2010),923-932.


“PlanktonoftheCentralGreatBarrierReef:Abundance,ProductionandTrophodynamicRoles,”byYu I. SorokinandP. Yu Sorokin,Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom90(2010),1173-1187.

“Pollen-PistilInteractionsinNorthAmericanandChineseCypripediumL.(Orchidaceae),”byRetha M. Edens-Meier, Nan Vance, Yi-Bo Luo, Peng Li, Eric Westhus,andPeter Bernhardt,International Journal of Plant Sciences171:4(2010),370-381.

“ProgressionfromSouth-DirectedExtrusiontoOrogen-ParallelExtensionintheSouthernMarginoftheTibetanPlateau,MountEverestRegion,Tibet,”byMicah J. JessupandJohn M. Cottle,The Journal of Geology118(2010),467-486.

“RedescriptionofTwoCrossodonthinaSpecies(Collembola:Neanuridae:Lobellini)fromChina,”byYongzheng LuoandJian-Xiu Chen,Journal of Natural History44:35&36(2010),2119-2129.

“ReportonCrassispirinaeMorrison,1966(Mollusca:Neogastropoda:Turridae)fromtheChinaSeas,”byBao Quan Li,Richard N. Kilburn,andXin Zheng Li,Journal of Natural History44:11-12(2010),699-740.

“AReviewofCoelotinaeEpigynalTeethMorphology,withDescriptionsofTwoSpeciesfromChina(Araneae:Amaurobiidae),”byXin-Ping WangandPeter Jager,Journal of Natural History44:19&20(2010),1165-1187.

“RevisionoftheChineseSpeciesoftheGenusBelonuchusNordmann(Coleoptera:Staphylinidae:Philonthina),”byLiang LiandHong-Zhang Zhou,Journal of Natural History44:35&36(2010),2149-2177.

“RevisionoftheIndo-AustralianBraconineWaspGenusIschnobraconBaltazar(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)withDescriptionofSixNewSpeciesfromThailand,Laos,andSriLanka,”byBuntika Areekul ButcherandDonald L. J. Quicke,Journal of Natural History44:35&36(2010),2187-2212.

“ScenariosforCommunity-basedApproachestoBiodiversityConservation:ACaseStudyfromtheWetTropics,Queensland,Australia,”byPetina L. Pert, Rosemary Hill, Kristen J. Williams, Elaine K. Harding, Tony O’Malley, Rowena A. Grace, Allan P. Dale, Iris Bohnet,andJames R. L. A. Butler,Australian Geographer41:3(2010),285-306.

1� BulletinofthePacificCircle

“SerpentineScience:CharlesKellawayandtheFluctuatingFortunesofVenomResearchinInterwarAustralia,”byPeter G. Hobbins,Historical Records of Australian Science21:1(2010),1-34.

“SinistraltoNormalFaultingalongtheTan-LuFaultZone:EvidenceforGeodynamicSwitchingoftheEastChinaContinentalMargin,”byGuang Zhu,Manlan Niu,Chenglong Xie,andYongsheng Wang,The Journal of Geology118(2010),277-293.

“SixNewSpeciesoftheGenusPseudostegana(Diptera:Drosophilidae)fromtheOrientalRegion,”byTong Li, Jianjun Gao,andHongbwei Chen,Journal of Natural History44:23&24(2010),1401-1418.

“SourcesofVariationinSelf-IncompatibilityintheAustralianForestTree,EucalyptusGlobulus,”byMarian H. McGowen, Rene E. Vaillancourt, David J. Pilbeam,andBrad M. Potts,Annals of Botany105:5(2010),737-745.

“SpermatogenesisinBoocardiella Hamata(Polychaeta:Spionidae)fromtheSeaofJapan:SpermFormationMechanismsasCharacteristicsforFutureTaxonomicRevision,”byArkadiy A. Reunov,Olga V. Yurchenko,Yana N. Alexandrova,andVasily I. Radashevsky,Acta Zoologica91:4(2010),447-456.

“TheSpermatozoonoftheOldEndemicAustralo-PapuanandPhilippineRodents–ItsMorphologicalDiversityandEvolution,”byWilliam G. BreedandChristopher M. Leigh,Acta Zoologica91:3(2010),279-294.

“StructureandRelationshipsofProblematospermum,anEnigmaticSeedfromtheJurassicofChina,”byXin Wang,Shaolin Zheng,andJianhua Jin,International Journal of Plant Sciences171:4(2010),447-456.

“Systematics,Phylogeny,andNaturalHistoryofBullacta Exarata(Philippi,1849):AnEndemicCephalaspideanGastropodfromtheChinaSea,”byManuel Antonio E. Malaquias,Journal of Natural History44:33&34(2010),2015-2029.

“ATaxonomicReviewoftheGenusNippoptilia(Lepidoptera:Pterophoridae)fromKorea,withDescriptionofaNewSpecies,”bySora Kim, Bong-Kyu Byun,Kyu-Tek Park,andSeunghwan Lee,Journal of Natural History44:9-10(2010),601-613.

No.�5,October�010 1�

“TaxonomicStudyoftheTribeOidaematophorini(Lepidoptera:Pterophoridae)fromKorea,withDescriptionsoftheTwoNewSpecies,”bySora Kim,Bong-Kyu Byun,Kyu-Tek Park,andSeunghwan Lee,Journal of Natural History44:23-24(2010),1377-1399.

“TenNewSpeciesoftheGenusBrevisomabathynellaCho,ParkandRangaReddy,2006(Malacostraca,Bathynellacea,Parabathynellidae)fromWesternAustralia,”byJoo-Lae ChooandW. F. Humphreys,Journal of Natural History44:17-18(2010),993-1079.

“ThreeNewSpeciesofDichromadora(Nematoda:Chromadorida:Chroma-doridae)fromtheYellowSea,China,”byY. HuangandZ. N. Zhang,Journal of Natural History44:9-10(2010),545-558.

“ThreeNewSpeciesoftheGenusOtacilia(Araneae:Corinnidae)fromHainanIsland,China,”byJian-Ying Fu,Feng Zhang,andMing-Sheng Zhu,Journal of Natural History44:11-12(2010),639-650.

“TheTongdePicriticDikesintheWesternYangtzeBlock:EvidenceforCa.800-MaMantlePlumeMagmatisminSouthChinaDuringtheBreakupofRodinia,”byXian-Hua Li,Wei-Guang Zhu,Hong Zhong,Xuan-Ce Wang,De-Feng He,Zhong-Jie Bai,andFeng Liu,The Journal of Geology118(2010),509-522.

“TwoNewSpeciesofParaboea(Gesneriaceae)fromPeninsularMalaysiaandThailand,”byR. Kiew,Edinburgh Journal of Botany67(2010),209-217.

“TwoRemarkableNewSpeciesoftheGenusCrassolabiumYeates,1967fromVietnam(Nematoda:Dorylaimida:Qudsianematidae),”byTam T. Vu,M. Ciobanu,J. Abolafia,andR. Pena-Santiago,Journal of Natural History44:33&34(2010),2049-2064.

“U-Pband40Ar-39ArGeochronologyoftheBaiyunshanGneiss(CentralGuang-dong,SouthChina):ConstraintsontheTimingoftheEarlyPalaeozoicandMesozoicTectonothermalEventsintheWuyun(Wuyi-Yunkai)Orogen,”byDong-Shen Yang,Xian-Hua Li,Wu-Xian Li,Xin-Quan Liang,Wen-Guo Long,andXiao-Lin Xiong,Geological Magazine147(2010),481-496.


DISSERTATIONS and THESES

Listsofrecentdoctoraldissertationsinthehistoryofscienceandalliedfields,suchastechnologyandmedicine,areprovidedbytheUniversityofPittsburghat:http://www.hsls.pitt.edu.

BOOK REVIEWS

AlastairCouper,Sailors and Traders: A Maritime History of the Pacific Peoples.Honolulu:UniversityofHawai‘iPress,2009,Pp.xiii+262.Photographs.Graphs.Charts.Glossary.Bibliography.Index.Cloth:US$55andISBN978-0824832391and0824832396.

AlastairCouper’sSailors and TradersisanothervaluablecontributiontothegrowinghistoriographyonPacificIslandersandtheirenduringrelationshipwiththesea.CoupercombinesyearsofsailingexperiencewithPacificIslanderswithanextensiveeducationinnauticalscienceandgeographytocreateaconcise,albeitgeneralmaritimehistoryofPacificIslanderseafaringandtrading.

“Itwouldnotbemuchofanexaggeration,”CoupernotesinhisIntroduction,“todefinethehistoryofthePacificasa‘historyofseafaring’”(1).Couper’sfocusisonthePacificIslandersailorsandtraderswhoembodythisseafaringculture.LikePaulD’Arcy’sPeople of the Sea(UniversityofHawaiiPress,2006),CouperpaintsacomplexbutempoweringportraitofPacificIslandersintheirinteractionswiththesea.PacificIslandsailorswhoservedonnineteenthcenturyEuro-Americanwhalersandmerchantmen,forexample,foundmuchthatwasfamiliaraswellasdifferentintheirnewworkenvironment.Islanderchiefsandtraderslikewisefoundvariouswaystocircumventthemonopoliescreatedbylarge,foreigntradinginterestsandsubsidizedbycolonialgovernments.

Bothculturalcontinuityandculturalchangearethereforeemphasizedinthisvolume.PacificIslandersemergeinthishistorylessaspeopleswhoseseafaringtraditionsarelockedawayinan“ancient”or“precontact”past,butaspeoplesactivelymaintainingabalancebetweenindigenousandforeignculturesintheir


everydaylife.AlthoughCouperdoesnotdevotemuchtimeinhisworktotheoreticaldiscussionsofculturalchangeandhistoricalagency,hiswritingrevealsanuancedperspectiveofPacificIslandersandthemanydifferentwaysinwhichtheseacontinuestoshapetheirhistoryandidentity.

CouperorganizesSailors and Traderschronologically,althoughseveralofthethemesmentionedearlierrecurthroughouthisbook.Inchapter1,CouperexamineshowindigenousPacificIslandermythsandculturalattitudestowardstheseawerebothsimilaranddifferentfromEuro-Americanseafaringculture.BothIslanderandEuro-Americansailors,forexample,respectedtheintuitiveaswellastechnicalaspectsofseamanship(13).Bothsailorscommunitiesofsailors,Coupernotes,alsohistoricallyviewedwomenaboardshipaseitherbadluckorout-of-placeinanotherwisemalesocialenvironment.CouperprovidesanoverviewofPacificIslanderseafaring,settlements,andtradingnetworksinchapters2and3,whilechapter4focusesontheearliestencountersbetweenPacificIslandersandEuropeanofficers,scientists,andsailorsduringtheeighteenthcentury.Here,CouperarguesthatevensympatheticEuropeanobserverslikeCaptainJamesCookorscientistGeorgeForstercouldnotfullyunderstandtheculturalnuancesofthePacificIslandpeopleswithwhomtheyinteracted.IslanderslikethenavigatorTupaia,ontheotherhand,held“fewillusions”abouttheEuropeanstheyencounteredandinsteademphasizedtheirhigh-rankingsocialstatuswhileaboardEuro-Americanships(73).

Inthesecondhalfofthebook,CouperfocusesmoreextensivelyontheimpactofEuro-AmericancapitalismandcolonialismonPacificIslanderseafaringandtrading.Chapters5,6,and7coverearlynineteenthcenturyinteractionsbetweenPacificIslanderandEuro-Americansailorsandtraders.TopicscoveredincludeIslandership-owners,Islandersailorsservingonforeignwhalersandmerchantvessels,andthevariousdangers,abuses,andlegalissuesencounteredbythesesailors.Chapters8and9dealwiththepolitical,economic,andtechnologicalchangesthatledtotheexclusionofPacificIslandersailorsandtradersfromPacificcommercialactivitybythelatenineteenthcentury.Farfromacceptingthisexclusion,CouperarguesthatIslandersattemptedtoformboycotts,economiccooperatives(e.g.theTongaMa’aTongaKautaha)andorganizemaritimeunions.Theseefforts,althoughunsuccessfulduringthecolonialperiod,presagedthere-emergenceofIslandersailorsintheglobalmaritimeindustryaswellastheexpansionofIslander-ownedlocalandregionaltradenetworksafterWorldWarII.Couperexaminestheseimportantdevelopmentsinchapters10and11,usingFijiantradersandI-Kiribatisailorsascontemporarycasestudies.

AdistinctiveaspectofthisbookisCouper’sblendingofscientific,indigenous,andhistoricalknowledgeinordertoconstructaholisticratherthandichotomousviewofEuro-AmericanandPacificIslanderseafaring.Henotes,forexample,thatthebasicprinciplesofIslanderandEuro-Americannavigation


werequitesimilar:“Innavigationthelatitudebyzenithstarwasnotfarshortofalatitudebymeridianaltitude,whichwasthemethodofEuropeanseamenusingasimplemeasuringinstrumentbythesixteenthcentury”(42).Inasecondexample,CoupernotesthatIslandersailorsaccustomedto“collectingtoddyornutsonhightrees,”adjustedrelativelyeasilyto“workingaloft”onEuro-Americansailingships(115).

Islandersailorsalsosharedinthegeneralseafaringculturethatemergedonboardshipandintheporttowns.Thissometimesincludedknowledgeaboutnewwaysofresistingcolonialorcommercialauthorities.Oneoftheorganizersofthe1929RabaulstrikewasBohun,aNewGuineasailorwhohadlearnedabout“strikeactionachievingbetterpay”fromAfricanAmericansailorsintheporttownofKavieng(161-2).IslandertradersfurtherbenefitedfromtheknowledgeandorganizationalabilitiesofEuropeanandpart-Europeancaptains,traders,andcommercialagents.ThefounderoftheTongaMa‘aTongaKautaha,forexample,wasAlistairD.Cameron,aScotsmanandformermanagerintheAustraliantradingfirm,BurnsPhilip(154).IslandchieftainsinplacesrangingfromTahititotheMarshallIslandsalsoreliedonEuro-Americancaptainsandsupercargoestoruntheirships.Relianceonthesesailorsandmanagersmayhavebeenadvantageousforsocialorculturalreasons(e.g.freedomfromkinshipobligations),buttheywerenotwithoutcosts.Thiswascandidlyexpressedby“King”TemBinokaofKiribati,whoclassifiedhisforeigncaptainsandsupercargoesas“hecheatalitty,hecheatplenty,andIthinkhecheattoomuch”(96).CoupernotesthatBinoka“hadperfecttolerance”forthefirsttwotypes.

Severalweaknessesofthisbookshouldbementionedhere.ReadersmorefamiliarwithPacificIslandscholarshipmayfindCouper’sabsenceoftheoreticaldiscussionnoticeable.Muchofthehistoricalcontentcoveredinthisvolumehasalsobeencoveredbyotherscholars,althoughCouperdoesanexcellentjobinsynthesizingmaterialfromprimary,secondary,andindigenoussources.WorldWarIIalsoreceiveslittleattentioninthisbook.Thismayhavebeenintentional,foritisverydifficulttofindexamplesofIslanderagencyinaconflictthat,atleastinthePacific,waslargelymotivatedandcarriedoutbyoutsiders.ThechangesthatCouperalludestoinhisfinalchaptersontheContemporaryPacific,however,wereinpartcausedbythewide-rangingimpactofWorldWarIIonPacificIslandersandtheirmaritimeenvironment.AnydiscussionoftheContemporaryPacificmustatleastincludeanacknowledgementofthecomplexwaysinwhichWorldWarIImayhaveempoweredPacificIslandersratherthansimplyrenderingthemasvictimsorpassiveonlookers.

Thesearerelativelyminorcritiques,however.Overall,Sailors and TradersremainsanexcellentandhighlyusefulsurveyhistoryofPacificIslandersandtheirmaritimeheritage.Inconnectingboththepastandthepresent,aswellasscientific,


first-hand,andhistoricalknowledge,CoupermakesanimportantcontributiontoPacificIslandscholarshipandtomaritimehistoryingeneral.

OliverW.S.Bordallo UniversityofHawai‘iatManoa

WarwickAnderson,The Collectors of Lost Souls: Turning Kuru Scientists into Whitemen,Baltimore,MD:TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,2008,Pp.318.Maps.B&WPhotos.Index.US$24.95ClothandISBN978-0-8018-9040-6.

ThisbookdescribesitselfasahistoryoftheForepeopleinNewGuineaastheyexperiencedbeingthecentralfieldlocationforworkonkuru.But,infact,thebookismorethanthat:itisahistoryofanentirefieldofmedicalresearch,abiographyofCarletonGadjusek,ameditationontheethicsofresearchonhumansubjects,andthepassionsanddesires–whatAndersoncallsthe“primitivefoundations”–thatdrivemodernscienceandmodernscientists.

Althoughthemaintextofthebookisonlyabout220pageslongitrepresents,tomyknowledge,thelongesttreatmentofthehistoryofstudiesofkuru.GivenitstremendouseruditionandthequalityofAnderson’sresearch,itislikelytoremainthedefinitivebookonthesubject–permanently.

Todaybovinespongiformencephalitis(“madcowdisease”)hasappearedincountlessnewspaperheadlines,andCreuzfeldt-Jakobdiseaseshowsupinpopularforensicproceduralshows.Ourunderstandingofthosediseasesandtheirmethodofpropagation–mis-foldedproteinscalledprions–beganinPapuaNewGuinea,whereonesuchdiseasecalledkuruwastransmittedbymortuarycannibalism.Thestoryofkuruhasalwayshadanauraofmysteryaboutit:Foreacquiredkurubyeatingthebrainsoftheirdeceasedrelatives;kuruscientistsacquiredinformationaboutthediseasethroughethicallyproblematicautopsiesofdeadFore;andGadjusekbothwontheNobelPrizeforhisworkonthediseaseandwasarrestedforchildmolestation.Thecentralquestionisnot,therefore,whetherthestoryofkuruisintrinsicallyinteresting;thequestionishowwellAndersoncantellit.

Theansweris:extremelywell.AndersonhasbothanM.D.andaPh.D.inthe


HistoryofScience.WhilehispriorresearchfocusedonthePhilippinesandAustralia,Collectors of Lost SoulsishisfirstforayintoMelanesia.Despitethisfact,thequalityofhisresearchforthisbookis,simplyput,staggering.Anderson’smasteryofarchivalsourcesisobviousandgratifying.Moreimportant,however,isthequalityofhisinterviewswithkuruscientists–andpracticallyeveryoneelse–whospeakcandidlyabouttheirinvolvementwiththediseaseandwiththeFore.Evenmoreimpressive,however,ishisownoriginalresearchinPapuaNewGuinea,wherehevisitedrelativelyremotelocationstoaccessindigenousaccountsofkuruscientists.Thisisnotthesortofthingmosthistoriansdo,andassomeonewhohasconductedethnographicresearchinPapuaNewGuinea,IamimpressedwiththequalityofAnderson’swork.

Anderson’sbookisverymuchaninsidestoryofthepersonallivesofkuruscientists,andhedealswiththeirrivalriesandpassionswithfranknessandaclearknowledgeoftheirintimatelives.Nonetheless,theworkisnotanexposeortell-all.OnegetsthefeelingthatAndersonknowsmoreaboutGadjusek’spersonallifethanheletson,butthevolumewalksthefinelinebetweenbiographicaldetailandsalaciousness.

Thebookisverywellwritten,withclearandelegantprose.Quotationsfromdocumentsandinterviewsareheavilyinterpolatedintothetext,butneverweighitdown–asuresignofcompetenthistoricalwriting.Itcanbereadinaweekendbyhumanistsandsocialscientistswhoareusedtothissomewhat‘high’style,butpeopleinthebiologicalandphysicalscienceswithoutatasteforsuchliteratureoranavocationalliteratureinnonfictionmightnotfinditsoapproachable.

Theisparticulartrueoftheinnerchapters,whereAndersonattemptstoanalyzekuruscientistsusingForeculturalconcepts.ItiscurrentlyfashionableincertaincirclesofanthropologytoapplyMelanesianculturalmodelstoWesternlife–usingnotionsofpersonhoodandpropertyfromPapuaNewGuinea,forinstance,toanalyzetheOpenSourceSoftwaremovementintheUnitedStatesandEngland.Itcanbearatherarcaneart,andforAndersontoapproachthingsinthiswaywithoutabackgroundasaMelanesianistisariskyundertaking.Inmyopinion,Andersonissuccessfulinthis,butsomereaders–thesortforwhom‘postmodern’isatermofderision–mightfindtheapproachproblematic.Despite(orperhapsbecauseof)this,thesechaptersarethemostinterestingandambitiousofthebook.

Insum,Collectors of Lost Soulsisanexcellent,evensuperb,volume,whichcombinesgreatscholarlyvigorwithawell-toldstoryonafascinatingandimportanttopic.Ahighly‘teachable’book,itwillalsobeofinteresttoanyonestudyingthePacificwhoisinterestedinlearningmoreaboutkuruand/orthehistoryofmedicine.

AlexJ.Golub UniversityofHawai‘iatManoa


AnneSalmond,Aphrodite’s Island: The European Discovery of Tahiti. Berkeley,CA:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2009,Pp544.ColorIllustrations.B/WPhotographs.Illustrations.Maps.Appendix.Notes.Indexes.Cloth:US$29.95andISBN978-0-520-26114-3.

AnneSalmond’spreviousworksonMaori/EuropeanencountersinNewZealand(Two Worlds: First Meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642-1772andBetween Worlds: Early Meetings Between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815)areexcellentexamplesofthenuancedencounternarrativesthatcanbeconstructedthroughexhaustiveresearchandattentiontobothsidesofthecultural‘beach’.InAphrodite’s

Island: The European Discovery of Tahiti,SalmondturnsthissameeyefordetailandgiftforcomplexnarrativeconstructiontothefirstfewdecadesofinteractionbetweenEuropeansandthepeopleofTahiti.WhilemanyscholarshaveexploredtheEuropeanaccountsofearlyvoyagestoTahiti,Salmondisamongthefirsttotrytounderstandbothsidesofthoseencounters,whichwouldinturnshapesomanyofsubsequentEuropeanimaginingsofthePacificandPacificIslanders.TheresultisanauthoritativehistoryofTahitiinthelateeighteenthcenturyandanexhaustivenarrativeofencounterthatattemptstounderstandthewaysinwhichbothTahitiansandEuropeansunderstood‘theother’duringthisperiodofinitialcontact.

Salmond’stwentychaptersarearrangedinroughchronologicalorder:shebeginshernarrativewithadescriptionoftheTahitiancreationstoryandlaterculturaldevelopmentthroughouttheTahitianislandgroup.Shethengoesontojuxtaposethepoliticallyturbulent18thcenturyinTahitiwiththearrivalofthefirstseveralEuropeanvoyagerstomakecontact,beginningwiththeSamuelWallis-helmedEnglishexpeditionof1766.SalmondofferscomprehensiveaccountsofthesubsequentEuropeanvoyagestoTahiti,includingthoseofLouisdeBougainville,theSpanishshipAguila(commandedbyDonDomingoBoenechea),andthemultiplevisitsbyJamesCook.Creatinganarrativethatisrichwithdescription,SalmondtracesthepoliticalandculturaleventsrockingtheTahitianworld,includingcompetitionbetweenthewarriorchiefsTutaha(alongwithhisgrand-nephewTu)andVehiatuaI.ShedeftlyinterweavesthenarrativesofvoyagesbyEuropeans(bothscientificandreligions)andtheconstantlyevolvingpoliticaltensionsinTahiti,andindoingsodemonstratesthefarreachingeffectstheseencountersonbothgroups.Hernarrativeisasdynamicashersubject,forbothEuropeanandTahitians

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wereinconstantmovementthroughoutthisperiod:thenavigatorTupaiafamouslyaccompaniedCookonhisvoyagetoAotearoa/NewZealand,butotherTahitiansalsotraveledwithEuropeanexpeditionsthroughthePacificandasfarafieldasPeruandEngland.FortheTahitians,thearrivalofvariousgroupsofEuropeansappearedtobethefulfillmentofprophesieswhichforesawthecomingoflightskinnedpeopleuponboatswithnooutriggers.TheEuropeans,ontheotherhand,sawanislandparadisethatbothechoedtheirownclassicallyderivednotionsofArcadiaandtransformedthem.Inbothcases,asSalmondargues,“TahitiansandEuropeansalikesenttheirancestralfantasiesflashingintothefuture,shapinghowithappened”(463).

TheattentiontodetailthatSalmondoffersinthisvolumeisatestamenttoheruseofawiderangeofsourcematerials.ShepullstogetherinformationfrompublishedandunpublishedEuropeannarrativesaswellasarangeofTahitianoraltestimoniesandartifacts.Shealsomakesextensiveuseofsketches,paintings,andengravingsinordertoteaseoutfurtherinformationabouttheseearlyTahitian-Europeanencounters:theresultofthisbroadsourceuseisacomplexpictureofthewaysthatbothEuropeansandTahitiansunderstoodandcontextualizedcross-culturalinteractions.Further,thesesourcesallowSalmondtoexploreideasaboutgender,sexuality,andraceonbothsidesoftheencounter,whichaddsvaluablelayerstotheoverallnarrative.Additionally,whilenotfocusingheavilyonthescientificmotivationsbehindtheseeighteenthcenturyEuropeanvoyages,Salmonddoesofferinterestinginsightsintotheculturalaspectsofvariousscientificendeavors.Inparticular,shelookscloselyatthecontextforCook’sobservationoftheTransitofVenus,describinghowJosephBanksandthevariousTahitianchiefswithhimunderstoodtheastronomicalphenomenon(asamomentofscientificobservationandasacelebrationofthegoddessTa‘urua-nui,whowasassociatedwithnavigationandwiththeplanetVenus,respectively).Asinallinteractionsbetweenthetwogroups,Salmondargues,theobservationoftheTransitofVenusmarkedamomentofculturalinteractionanddissonance.

Asawhole,Salmond’seffortrepresentsanimportantcontributiontothestudyofculturalencounterinthePacificwritlarge,andtotheunderstandingofTahiti’spastinparticular.Likemanyofherearlierworks,Aphrodite’s IslandcallsforareexaminationofthehistoryofencounterinthePacific,onethatunderstandsthisperiodintermsofaPacificIslanderperspectiveaswellasaEuropeanone.Thoughthistypeofscholarshipisbecomingmoreprevalent(intheworksofDavidHanlon,AnneHattori,andJonathanOsorio,tonameonlyafew)thehistoriographiesofmanyregionsofthePacificarestilldominatedbydiscussionsofEuropeanexperiences:Salmond’snuancedexplorationprovidesanexcellentexampleofthevalueofunderstandingdeeplybothsidesoftheculturalencounter.

ErinFordCozens TheUniversityofHawai‘iatManoa

No.�5,October�010 �1

AlwynScarth,Vesuvius: A Biography. Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress,2009,Pp.x+342.Halftones.Tables.Glossary.Photographs.Maps.Cloth:US$29.95andISBN978-0-691-14390-3and0691143900.

TheUniversityofHawai‘iatManoaknowsbiographywell.StalwarteffortsofGeorgeSimpson,amongothers,ledtotheformationofTheCenterforBiographicalResearch(CBR)onthatcampusin1976,followedtwoyearslaterbythefirstissueofBiography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly.PacificCirclemembersshoulddelightinthewaythatthisinternationallyrenownedcenterhasembracedbothtraditionalandnuancedstylesofthewritingsofalifestory.AsLeonEdelreminded

readersintheveryfirstissueoftheCBR’sjournal,“Biographyisaworkoftheimagination–theimaginationofformandstyleandnarrative.Thebiographerisallowedtobeasimaginativeashepleases,solongashedoesnotimaginehisfacts.”(Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly1(Winter1978):1).

AlwynScarth,onceProfessorofGeographyattheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,hasattemptedsomethingofanuancedapproachtobiographyquitepraiseworthyofCBRgoals.Scarthseemstobestraddling,perhapstryingtoencompass,boththegeo-historicalapproachfoundinMarkCioc’sThe Rhine: An Eco-Biography, 1815-2000(2006)andthemasterfulliteraryfoundationofPeterAckroyd’sLondon: The Biography(2001).Inmanyways,Scarthachieveshisaim.Indeed,thegeohistoricalfoundationoftheregionofCampania(Campi Flegrei–the“burninglands”),theearth’sinvisiblyfluidmovements,anditsresultantpyroclasticdisplaysareneverfarfromthereader’sattention.Lucid,wellplacedgraphicsprovideinsightfulunderstandingforvisuallearnerswhomightnotretaineveryaspectofthescience-ladendiscussion,thoughalsoclearlyexplained,inlengthypassagesthroughoutthisbookthatchronologicallydepicttheevolvingvolcaniclifestoryofoneofthemostnoteworthyandvisitedstructuresonearth.

AsScarthunfoldsthelayersofhistorybothliterallyandfigurativelysurroundingVesuvius,weareremindedagainandagainofthedualityinherentwithinthismassivelivingstructure.Itisboth“providerandexterminator;preserveranddestroyer;guardianandenemy;touristattractionandkiller”(1).SomeofVesuvius’slifestoryisrelativelywellknown,suchasitsroleinthedeathofthatmasterfulRomannaturalphilosopherandencyclopedist,PlinytheElder.YetScarth’sliterary

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narrativetakesusbeyondthefamiliar.WewalkalongsidePlinyduringhislasttreksontheearthandsailwithhimaboardaliburnica(askiff-likelightvessel)throughaccountsdrawnfromtheLettersofhisnephew,PlinytheYounger.Weenvisionhumanconcerns,frets,andfearsinthelivesofthosewell-knownindividualswhosefatesweredeterminedbythereactivatedlifeofVesuviusinthehotlateAugustof79CE.GatheringthesevividdetailstogethergivesusabettersenseofthedailylifeandactivityatMisenum,Pompeii,Stabiae,andHerculaneumtosupplementtheunforgettableimagesofthoseeruptionvictimswhosebodies,oncedecayed,leftsuchadetailedrenderingoftheirlifeforminthestiffvolcanicashthat,afterplastercastsofthesehollowsweremade,wegainastrikingsenseoftheirfinalactionsandtheirlastgasps.

Thenarrativesalsohelpusmentallyactivatethelifethatoncefilledthearcheologicalsite,which,thoughnowaccuratelyreconstructed,remainsotherwisesomewhathauntedlylifeless.Givinglifebacktothesestructures,especiallyconsideringthevolcanicactionthatinitiallyburiedthem,isofsignificantimportance.Complementingthewell-knownaspectsofVesuvius’slifestory,Scarthalsoincludeslesserknowndetailsfrommorerecentfinds–thosewithinthepastdecade–suchasthatofanexceptionallypreservedBronzeAgevillage–thebestsuchpreservedvillageintheworld–inthecommunityofNolanearVesuvius.Inthisstory,weareremindedbyvividexamplesofhowavolcano’slifeisreallymorethanjustageo-historicaltale,butalsoataleofmanypeoplesovermanygenerations.

ManydeemthatmodernvolcanologyowesitsbeginningstoSirWilliamHamilton’sobservations,writings,andillustrationsofanactiveVesuviusinthe1760sand1770s.Thus,Vesuvius’shistoryhasspurredthelifeofanacademicdisciplineaswell.ThosewellversedinEnlightenmenthistorymaybesomewhatdisappointedinScarth’sincompletecoverageofHamilton’scontributions.Hamilton’sgeneralarcheologicalfindingsinandaroundVesuviusofferallofusabroaderperspectiveofthehistoryofthepeoplewhohadlivedinthatregion.Moreover,morethananyotherindividual,Hamiltonetcheda“tourist”qualityuponVesuviusasitbecameakeyattractionanddestinationforthehundredsofcuriousgentlemenundertakingtheirGrandTourduringtheEnlightenmentandRomanticEras.HadScarthincludedsuchadditionalinformation,wewouldhaveanevenbroaderimageofallthatHamiltongainedfromalivingvolcanobeyondthemerethree-pagerecognition,whichScarthdevotesto“HamiltonasaVolcanologist.”

AtypicalofVesuviushistories,Scarthprovidesconsiderablecoveragetothefourmajorpost-Enlightenmenteruptionsin1822,1872,1906,and1944.Here,asexemplifiedinhisdiscussionofthenineteenth-centuryeruptions,welearnmuch,muchmorefromtheviewpointofvolcanologistG.J.PoulettScropethanfromvisitorsofliterarynote,suchasCharlesDickens,andnexttonothingatallfromthefist-handaccountsofjournalistsoftheday.Suchcoverageleavesreadersappreciatingthatthisworkisweightedincoveringthegeohistoricalexpertiseof

No.�5,October�010 ��

anindividuallikeScarthwhoiswellknowntobothacademicandpopularreadersforhissignificantcontributionsincludingLa Catastrophe: Mount Pelée and the Destruction of Saint-Pierre, Martinique(2001),Vulcan’s Fury: Man Against the Volcano(1999),andSavage Earth(1997),abookbaseduponaBritishITVseries.

Atthecenterofanybiographyliesalifestory.Scarth’sdepictionofVesuviusistrulythatofalifestory.Vesuviushadabeginning300,000yearsago;itreachedaviolentstagesome25,000yearsago;itsrebelliousnessin79ADremainsimmortalized;anditisstillrecognizedasthemostdangerousofallEuropeanvolcanoes.Throughoutthebook,thisreaderwasleftwondering,wouldthishavebeenanevenmoreinclusivebiography,accountingformuchmoreofthesocial,literary,religious,artistic,andpopularhistoryofthe“burninglands”if,insteadofoneauthor,Scarthwouldhavesharedthetaskofwritingafullencompassingbiographywithsomeonesharinghisenthusiasmyetmorewellversedinthehumanitiesorsocialsciences?Suchaquestionisnotmeantasaspecificcriticismofthistrulyfine,authoritative,readable,andenjoyablework;rather,itisaqueryforthosewhomightsetoutthemselvestoembarkupontheirowncreationofsuchanuancedformofbiography.

PhilipK.Wilson PennStateCollegeofMedicine

JudithA.Bennett,Natives and Exotics: World War II and Environment in the Southern Pacific. Honolulu,HI:UniversityofHawai‘iPress,2009,Pp.xxvi+439.Maps.B&WPhotos.Notes.Cloth:US$60.00andISBN978-0-8248-3265-0andPaper:US$30.00andISBN978-0-8248-3350-3.

JudithBennett’sambitiousworkcapturesmanyoftheenvironmentalchangesonthesouthernPacificIslandswroughtbytheravagesofWorldWarII.ShespecificallyfocusesontheislandscriticaltomilitaryoperationsdesignedtodefeatJapan,stretchingfromBoraBoratoNewGuinea.Herresearchonthechallengesposedbytropicalenvironmentstomilitaryactivities,aswellastheir

environmentalimpacts,isextensiveandlendsagreatdealtotheexistingscholarshiponthesubject,whichisscant.Bennettchosetolookattheimpactofwaronisland


territoriesthatshehasstudiedinotherdimensionsformanyyears.Thistime,shelooksthroughthelensofenvironmentalhistory,sinceitgoes“totheheartoftherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandtheirsurroundings”(xx).Itprovidesanidentifiablemediumforconsideringthesocial,economic,andpoliticaldimensionsofthepeople–bothforeignersandislanders–andthelanduponwhichtheylivedandfought,allofwhichwouldbesignificantlytransformedbythisextraordinarywar.

Bennettdiscussestheculturaldifferencesbetweentheislandersandinvadersfrombothsidesofthewar(JapanandWesternallies)andtheirintensedifficultiesdealingwithtropicaldiseases,theoppressiveclimate,extensiveswampyjungles,anddangerousfauna.Sheprovidesasad,butinterestingaccountoftheculturalshockexperiencedbyAmericansoldierswhoexpectedtoseeatropicalparadiseasdepictedinAmericanfilmsandpropaganda–asoothingtropicalclimatewithvastandbeautifulbeachesteamingwithshapelyyoungwomenanxioustoshowthemenagoodtime,withwell-stockedcitiesandroadsassistingtheirwarefforts.Thereality,Bennettclaims,wasfardifferent.AsonesoldierarrivinginNewGuineaputit,“wherearetheduskymaidens,dancingonthebeaches?Beaches?None.Justthedampuninvitingjunglereachingdowntothewater’sedge–nay,stretchingintotheverywateritself”(16).

Throughoutthebook,Bennettdetailstheimpactsfromavastandrapidlybuiltmilitaryinfrastructure(anditspostwardeterioration),theroleoftropicaldiseasesinaffectingthewar’soutcome(alongwiththeenvironmentaldestructionemployedtocombatdisease,especiallymalaria),andtheimpactofinvasivefloraandfaunaonhumanhealthandecology.Foreignspeciesintroducedprimarilythroughmilitaryandothertradeshipmentscontinuetowreakhavocontheislands’ecosystemsandpeople.Oneexampleisthebrowntreesnake,whichwasbroughtfromManusIslandonheavyequipmentshipments.Onceestablishedwithoutpredators,thesnakekillsfrugivoressuchasbirdsandbatsonamassivescale.Inturn,thelossofthesecarriersofseedsandpollengreatlyinhibitsforestregeneration,whilethemildvenomofthesnakesharmshumansaswell.Bennettdescribesother‘invasive’elementswithlong-termnegativeconsequences:abandoneddumpsharboringtonsofun-detonatedexplosivesandinsidiouschemicalagents.

Bennettmakesitclearthattheislands’valuetoU.S.andEuropeaninterestswentbeyondtheirtacticalwartimeposition:“longtermeconomicandpoliticalmotivesforthepostwarworldconstitutedahiddenagendathatsometimessatuneasilybesidethemosturgentcommonstrategicgoalofwinningthewar”(xxiv).Certainly,colonialinterestsinislandresourceswerebeingdevelopedbeforethewar.Inthechapter,“ResourcesfortheMetropole:TradeforthePeriphery,”sheprovidesacomprehensiveaccountofchangesinexistingtradingschemesinducedbythewarforsuchitemsascopra,sugar,rubberlatex,shell,and“westoftheAndesiteline,fromNewGuinea,Fiji,andNewCaledonia–minerals”(116).Forinstance,much


ofthecoprahadbeenexportedtoBritainandEurope,butoncetheirshipsbecameGermantargets,shippingcostsskyrocketed.VariousnewschemesweredevelopedtomaintainthetradeandensureaEuropeansupply,whichresultedinanincreasedvalueforcopra–normallyencouragingagreatersupply.However,manyislandershadturnedawayfromcopraproductioninfavorofthehigherpayingwarworkofferedtothem,socopraproductionfaltered.

Determiningalterationsonthelandscapefromwaractivitieswasdifficult,Bennettclaims,becauseoftheimpossibilityofassessingecologicalchangewhen“therewaslittleifanymeasurementofprewarconditions”(198).Thosestudiesthatwereundertakenwerelargelydonebybiologistsontheatollsassessingbirdpopulations,whosenumbershadsufferedduetoextensivetradeincolorfulfeathersprizedforWesternfashions.Otherenvironmentalchangesbeforeandsoonafterthewarwerehardlyconsideredunlesstheyreachedsuchascalethathumanwell-beingwasendangered.

Readingthisbookasanecologicalhistorian,however,Ilongedformoredetailonthewar-timeandlastingimpactstoforests,coralreefs,wetlands,farmland,andtraditionalfoods.Iwonderedwhytherewasnodiscussionofwhatisknownabouttheislanders’traditionalecologicalknowledge(TEK).WhyfocusexclusivelyonthedeficiencyofWestern-basedpre-warecologicalstudiesfromwhichtomeasurechange?HerresearchcouldhavebeenstrengthenedbyreferringtorecentresearchonPacificislandTEK,whichcanbefoundintheworkofcontemporaryscientistssuchasAswani,Leopold,andCinner.Aretherenooralhistoriesfromislandeldersfromwhichecologicalchangecouldalsobegleaned?Bothcouldhaveenrichedherdiscussionofpriorecologyandtheincreasedenvironmentalpressuresonceculturaltraditionsandtaboosgavewaytoimperialcountries’wantsandwartimeneeds.Alsoseriouslymissingfromthebookwasafrankandthoroughdiscussiononthedevastatingimpactofpostwarnucleartesting,especiallytheUnitedStates’PacificProvingGrounds.

Regardless,Bennett’sbookcoversnewterritorywhilecomplementingotherworksthatcoversimilarground,suchasRichardTucker’sInsatiable Appetite: The United States and the Ecological Degradation of the Tropical World(Rowan&Littlefield,2007),whichdocumentstheravagesofAmericanconsumerism,andthecollectionofarticlesontheenvironmentalimpactofwarinNatural Enemy, Natural Ally:Toward an Environmental History of Warfare(editedbyTuckerandEdmundRussell,OregonStateUniversityPress,2004).AnyoneinterestedingainingamorethoroughunderstandingofthediversehistoryofthesouthPacificislandswillreceivemuchfromreadingherbook.

TinaSchweickert OregonStateUniversity


M.J.S.Hodge,eds.,Darwin Studies: A Theorist and His Theories in Their Contexts. Burlington,VT:AshgatePublishingCompany[VariorumCollectedStudiesSeries],2009,Pp.xvii+356.Index.US$124.95andISBN0754659399and978-0-7546-5939-6.

CharlesDarwin’s200thbirthday,coincidingwiththe150thanniversaryofOn the Origin of Species,spurredanalmostinsatiabledemandforinformationontheiconicnaturalist.OnewouldnotfindamongthemanyofferingsattemptingtosatisfythatpopularhungerM.J.S.Hodge’sDarwin Studies: A Theorist and His Theories in Their Contexts,acollectionofhisarticlesfromvarioussourcespublishedstartingin1982.Hodge’splace

inthe‘DarwinIndustry’iswellestablishedandshouldleadreaderstoexpectmorethanarehashofoldcommentary,however.InadditiontobeingaprominentDarwinscholar,HodgeisahistorianofDarwinianscholarship,contributingtothestudyofDarwinthroughhisexaminationofthehistoriographyappliedtothenaturalist’swork.

InthiscapacityHodgehasservedaseditorforThe Cambridge Companion to Darwin(2003),andauthoredOrigins and Species: A Study of the Historical Sources of Darwinism(1991)inadditiontoproducingawiderangeofimportantarticlesonevolutionarybiologyandtheDarwinianheritage.In2009,withsomanyotherDarwinpublicationsitmighthavebeeneasytooverlookthiseffort,butnowthatthedusthassettled,wemayseehowHodge’svolumematterstoDarwinscholarsbothnewandexperienced.

Thebookisthesecondofatwo-volumeseries,andcompilestenofHodge’sarticlesspanningtheyears1982-2005,mostofthemoriginallypublishedpriorto1990.Thefirstvolume,Before and After Darwin: Origins, Species, Cosmogonies, and Ontologies,appearedin2008andofferedacollectionofarticlesaimedatpresentingthediversityoftheoriesamongpre-DarwinianauthorssuchasLamarckandWhewell,anddevelopmentsinthetheoryofnaturalselectionsinceDarwin.Thissecondvolumeisthe‘meat’inthatcontextualsandwich,andgatherstenquitedifferentarticlesaimedatexplainingDarwin’sworkandsomeofthefactorsthatcontributedtothehistoricalportrayalofthosefamoustheories.Inotherwords,itisacollectionthatfocusesonhowthehistoryiswrittenmorethantheactualhistorybeingaccountedfor.Hodgedividesthearticlesintofourgroups:thefirstaddressestheDarwin’splaceinthegreaterscopeofWesternthought,andchallenges


stereotypicalconstructionsof‘evolution’and‘revolution’inhistoricalnarrativesofscience.Thisisagoodstartingpointforthereader,asHodgeencouragesfine-grainconstructionsofeventhesmallestelementsofDarwiniantheoryinordertofreeDarwin’suniquetakeongeologicalandbiological‘deeptime’frominaptconfigurationwithinstandardVictoriannarratives.

ThesecondgroupoffourarticlesincludescommentaryonDarwin’s Voyaging(1831-1836)andLondon Years (1837-1842),whichculminatedinDarwin’stheseminal1842sketchontheoriginofspecies.Thesethreearticles,Hodgerecommends,maybemoreadvantageouslyreadbystartingwiththefourth,addressingtheyearsDarwinkepthistheorynotebooks.Dependingonthereader’sinterest,thefiftharticle(formulatingthetheoryofnaturalselection)mayberead,orthereadercanskipbackwardtothevoyagingperiodtogaindeeperbackgroundtoDarwin’sthoughtprocesses.Twomoreclustersofarticlesdiscussspecifictheories(articlesongeneration/reproductionandonspecies,respectively),andfinallythereceptionofDarwin’stheoriesamongcontemporaryreaders.Hodge’sroadmapofthearticlesthusencouragesreaderstoviewthearticlesasagroup,buttotakeadvantageofinsightstobegainedfromaplasticapproachtotheirorder;Hodge’sinterestinmovingawayfromasingle‘Darwinianrevolution’isbasedontheexpectationthateachreadermaybettershapeunderstandingsoftheworkoncefreeoflinearinterpretationsthathaveplacedDarwininalineofsimpletheoreticalsuccession.

Frankly,onecoulddoworsethantostartwithHodge’sfiftharticle,‘TheImmediateoriginsofnaturalselection’,originallypublishedinThe Darwinian Heritage(1985),andco-authoredwithDHeditorDavidKohn.

AsanarrativeofhowDarwingotfromhisnotebookstoamatureversionofhowspeciesdevelopinthenaturalselectionprocess,theHodge-Kohneffortremainssingularlyclear.ItisaconvincingstartingpointformodernDarwinscholarship,whichmaybedefinedasscholarshipasithasdevelopedsince1959(theOrigincentennial),whenthenotebooksemergedasDarwin’ssubconsciousmindtohisself-consciousautobiographicalwritings.Thenotebookshelpedtounderminetenuouslegendssuchasthe‘Malthusianmoment,’wherebyDarwin’sreadingofRobertMalthus’bookonpopulationinSeptember1838wassupposedtohavetriggeredthefirstthoughtsofnaturalselection.Themessageofthisfiftharticleis,Darwin’snotebooksprovideauniqueopportunitytoexamineascientificworkinprogress,andtheprocessexaminedisanythingbutwellconfined.Darwinconfrontedanever-growingnumberofquestionsaboutwhatthetheoryofnaturalselectionincluded,evenasthatdefinitionhingedonalengthy,ifnotinfinite,seriesofeffectsitcreated.HodgeandKohndonotargueforarelativistperspectiveondecipheringthetheory,butratheroneofwideninginclusion.

Fromthefiftharticle,onecanroamatwillthroughthevolume.‘Darwinandthe


lawsoftheanimatepartoftheTerrestrialSystem’reconstructstheyears1835-37,inwhichDarwinbrokewithCharlesLyell’sargumentsonspeciationtomovetowardhismonogeneticarguments.

Again,theinterestingaspectsofthepiecearenotmerelythereviewofDarwin’sactualthoughtsandactions,buttheauthor’sconcernthatDarwinnotbepluggedintoalineofprecursorsandsubsequenttheorists,makingDarwinanotherlinkinachainofevolutionarythoughtandtherebylimitinghisactualsignificancethroughanachronisticlabeling.InHodge’swords,‘precursorhistoriography...distortstheinterpretationofintentions.’Darwindidn’texaminepastsourcesasdirectsignpostsofevolutionarytheory,andneithershouldwe.‘Darwinasalifelonggenerationtheorist,’articlesix,isaparticularlyusefulnarrativeofthedevelopmentalcourseofDarwin’sgenerationaltheory,includingreconciliationofvariousinfluencesonthatwork.Hodge’sproposedasymmetryinDarwin’srelianceuponLyelliangeologyandGrantiangenerationaltheoryisathoughtfulsolutiontotheproblem,suggestingthatDarwin’searlypreoccupationwithLyellandhisPrinciples of Geologycreatedproblems,mostnotablyinitsinsistenceonaboriginalorseparatespecies,whichDarwinlaterresolvedwiththeincorporationofGrant’shomologoustransmutation.

Hodge’srigorousattentiontoallfacetsofDarwin’sworkpointsoutforusthatDarwinhimselfisnotastaticindividual,susceptibleofeasycharacterizations;‘EarlyDarwin’isnotnecessarily‘LaterDarwin.’HistoriansformorethanacenturyseeminglyassumedtheDarwinofOriginwastheDarwinofDescent of Man,theVoyagingDarwin,etc.WhereDarwinhasleftbehindanarchiveofnotebooksandcorrespondencethatnumbersinthethousandsofpages,Hodgesays,itisbesttolistentowhathesaidabouthisownthoughtsthatareexposed,withoutguarding,inthenotebooks.IfDarwinhimselfdidnotseepreviousevolutionarythoughtsinasimpleprogressivepattern,itisdifficulttoarguethatweshouldbestuffinghimintosuchconfiningroles.Theinnocentspontaneityofthenotebooksallowsthisargumentitsforce.Incontrast,Darwin’sautobiographicalreflections,whileequallyhisownwords,arenonethelesstheeffortsofascientistattemptingtocreateadiscoverynarrativethatservesthemagnitudeofthediscovery;scientists,andhistorians,oftenwritehistoryinthisbackwardsmanner.

ThisistheargumentraisedinHodge’s‘reception’articles,eightthroughten.Notionsofa‘DarwinianRevolution’losetheirsteamwhenexaminedinthecoldlightofcontemporarythought,justasDarwin’slookbackathisformativeprocessmustbequestionedtosomeextentsimplybecauseheknewthathisstorymustleadtoaworkofOrigin’senormousimpact.Hodge’sreviewofhowvariousBritishscientificandculturalcommunitiesreactedto.

Originofferssignificantglimpsesofthateffect.HodgeciteshowliberalreformersatOxfordandCambridgeUniversities,aswellasinscientificcirclessuchastheGeological Survey,tendedtofavorablyreceiveDarwin’stheories,while


reactionstiedtopoliticaltheorists,e.g.Spencer,Marx,werefarmorevariableduetotheirestrangementfromprincipallybiologicalconsiderations.HodgeemphasizesthatnosinglereceptionofDarwinmaybeposited;indeed,hearguesthatitis‘inappropriate’topositwhichsocialandculturalinfluencesaffectedEngland’sreactiontoOrigin.Theyalldidinsomesense.Hodge’sreviewofRobertYoung’sDarwin’s Metaphor: Nature’s Place in Victorian Culture,articlenine,evenlaudstheauthor’s‘overtlypoliticaland,beyondthat,ideological’constructionofDarwinwithitsclearMarxianagenda.

Young’semphasisonmaterialismisanaidtoclarifyinghowbiology,fueledbyawarenessbornofDarwinism,hassupercededtheologyastheideologicalframeworkofmodernwesternsociety.AspartofthedebateinsociobiologythathasbeengoingonsincetheEnlightenment,Young’stakeonDarwinismdescribesjustanotherchapter,butachapteridentifiablethroughtheMarxianperspective.Asahistoriographiccaution,then,Hodgeremindsusthatthe‘endofhistory’oughtnotdriveMarxfromourhistoricalthoughts;everyhistoriographicmodel,whenappliedtoDarwin,sinsbyomission,yetproducesusefulinsights.Toillustrate,Hodge’sreviewofDesmondandMoore’sDarwinpointsouthowatheme-drivenbiographicalstudyofthenaturalist,inthatcaseonewhichseekstoportrayDarwinasimpulsiveandabitofafirebrandofsorts,attimesleavesacontemplative,structuredDarwinontheeditingroomfloor.Hodge’slaudsthebook,butpointsouthowcarefullythecomplexitiesofDarwinmustbeapproached.

IfallofthissoundslikeHodgebangingon(hiswords)abouthighlytechnicalandsometimesstylisticaspectsofhistorywritingthatwillmatteronlytothosedeeplyinvolvedintheDarwinindustry(hasanyotherscientistinspiredanindustry?Nobodycomestomind),then,well,that’sbecauseitistoagoodextent.Thatbeingsaid,lessthantotallycommittedDarwinianswhoarelookingforprimaryreadingonDarwinhistoryandtheory,asopposedtohistoricalmeta-analysis,maywishtostartelsewhere.Amongothers,MichaelRuse’sexplicationofevolutionarytheoryanditsimpactoncurrentstreamsofthoughtisusefulstuff.Variousofhisbookscometomind,withDarwinismanditsdiscontents(2008)beingaparticularlygoodread.Formoregeneralreading,JanetBrowne’stwo-volumebiographyofDarwin,Voyaging(1995),andThe Power of Place(2003),remainsthemostcomprehensiveandeven-handednarrativeofthenaturalist’slifetakeninwhole.ThereareotherfinepopulartreatmentsofDarwinsubjects,butthosetwoareexcellentplacesforthenascentDarwiniantostart.

ThosesuggestionsshouldnotdeterinterestinHodge’stwo-volumecollectioninanycaseifhistoriographyisyourthing.Darwinianhistorianslookingforaself-checkonwheretheirindustrystandswilldirectlybenefitfromtheretrospectiveofferedhere,andnon-Darwinianhistoriansmaymakegooduseofitasanexampleofhowtobeconcernedaboutwhywewritehistorythewaywedo,andhowwecan

�0 BulletinofthePacificCircle

doitbetter.ThatisoneofHodge’sprimarycontributionstotheDarwinindustry:heisawatchdogofproperinquisitionaldiligence.ThesearticlesshowHodgeinfullserviceofthatgoal.Infact,Hodge’sexistenceinthatrolemayhelpexplainhowan‘industry’hassprunguparoundDarwinandnobodyelse:Darwin’sowncomplexity,coupledwithanalmostunparalleledarchive,notonlyinvitesbutdemandstheconstantrevisitingofhistoriographythatHodgedisplayshere.

DavidFeller CambridgeUniversity

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