the ottoman empire “sick man of europe” – czar nicholas ii multi-ethnic empire russian empire
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THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE “Sick Man of Europe” – Czar Nicholas II Multi-ethnic empire RUSSIAN EMPIRE Multi-ethnic empire AUSTRIA-HUNGARY Multi-ethnic empire. STEPS TO WAR. WHAT WERE IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I?. STEPS TO WAR. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE“Sick Man of Europe” – Czar Nicholas IIMulti-ethnic empireRUSSIAN EMPIREMulti-ethnic empireAUSTRIA-HUNGARYMulti-ethnic empire
Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandReformer “Triple Monarchy”June 28, 1914Gavrilo PrincipBlack HandPan-Slavism
The Assassination: Sarajevo
Who’s To Blame?
The Assassin:GavriloPrincip
Ultimatum Austria = destroy Serbia as a stateGermany unlimited support ‘Blank Cheque’July 28, Austria declares war on SerbiaJuly 29, Russia Mobilization August 1, Germany declares war on FranceAugust 3, Germany declares war on RussiaAugust 4, Britain declares war on Germany
The Alliance SystemTriple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed CampsAllied Powers: Central Powers:
German Atrocities in Belgium
Mobilization
It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!
Home by Christmas!
No major war in 50 years!
Nationalism!
A Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the Central Powers
Austro-Hungarians
A German Soldier Says
Farewell to His Mother
New French Recruits
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
Western FrontEastern FrontItalian FrontGallipoli FrontMesopotamian FrontPalestinian FrontWar at SeaAfrican WarsThe Far East
The War 1914-195: Illusions & Stalemate
European attitudes toward the beginning of warFailure of the Schlieffen PlanFirst Battle of the Marne, September 6-10, 1914Russian Failures
Battle of Tannenberg, August 30, 1914Battle of Masurian Lakes, September 15, 1914
Austrian FailuresGalicia and SerbiaGermans come to Austria’s aid
Marne – Sept. 1914, Germans 30 miles outside Paris 500,000 casualtiesVerdun - February 1916 – each side 500,000 casualtiesSomme – July 1916 – 60,000 soldiers killed in one day, 5 months, 1 million casualties
Battle Scene in Northern France
Battle of the Marne (sept 1914After Germans came within sight of Paris, French and British forces pushed German forces backLed by General Joseph Joffery
MarneAllies attack Germans in the Marne River ValleyUsed every soldier available600 Taxi Cabs were used to send 6000 troops to the front
Marne4 days after Battle of the Marne starts, the Germans begin to retreat.Germans driven back 60 milesBattle of Marne – most important event of warSchlieffen Plan in ruinsNo quick warRussia coming in from EastTwo Front War!
The War 1916-1917: The Great Slaughter
Trench warfare“No-man’s land”“Softening up” the enemyBattle of Verdun, 70,000 lostBattle of the Somme, 1916• Heaviest one-day loss in World War I
Verdun – February, 1916
e German offensive.e Each side had 500,000
casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
The Somme American Cemetery, France
116,516 Americans Died
Trench Warfare in France
Sacrifices in War
War Is HELL !!
War Is HELL !!
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
Map 25. 2: The Western Front, 1914-1918