the original Turbine Wind Lidar

absolute and relative power curve measurements

yaw misalignment identification

gust detection, peak and fatigue load reduction

turbine intelligence for performance investigations & optimisation

full OEM integration for lidar augmented control

zephirlidar.com/DM

2 3

VERTICAL SHEARVEERROTOR EQUIVALENT WIND SPEEDS

ZEPHIR DM’S UNIQUE MEASUREMENTS

TURBINE HEALTH SCREENING, PERFORMANCE INTELLIGENCE &WARRANTY INVESTIGATIONS

When considering the application of wind lidar on your turbine project, ask if the lidars you are comparing can deliver the following measurements:

To protect your assets, gain intelligence on their performance and support any warranty investigations

deploy the original wind turbine lidar solution with more than a decade of practical experience.

ZephIR DM provides:

Wind measurements from just 10 metres (33 feet) out to more than 300 metres (984 feet)

Rotor equivalent wind speed measurements

Identification of yaw misalignment

High data capture

Unique measurements such as vertical wind veer and shear essential in turbine applications

Dual mode functionality for ground based IEC compliant measurements

Yaw misalignment correction - The simplest lidar augmented turbine control technique to implement, ensuring

accurate turbine orientation with respect to the incoming wind. Maximises energy yield and reduced turbine

loading due to asymmetric rotor forces.

Performance - Lidar assisted turbine control for maximum energy extraction and income generation from your

wind resource whilst minimising turbine subsystems wear, prolonging life and reducing turbine downtime.

Protection - Fatigue load reduction, especially for tower and blade roots. Gust detection minimising peak

turbine loads. Monitoring around the full rotor disk allows detection of low level jets and terrain induced

complex wind flows allowing more intelligent turbine control strategies.

TURBINE MOUNTED APPLICATIONS

ZephIR® Lidar applies more than a decade of experience in wind energy to ensure ZephIR

DM can be utilised effectively across a number of key applications

TURBINE HEALTH SCREENING

Absolute and Relative Power Curve Measurements in-situ on turbine - Nacelle-mounted

measurements to monitor condition of turbine against measured wind speed and for performance

trouble shooting

Ground based IEC compliant Power Curve Measurement - Ground based measurements to IEC

equivalent standards to monitor performance of turbine against measured wind speed

Yaw misalignment - Precision measurement of wind direction over the rotor disk. Allows accurate

nacelle instrumentation calibration and performance screening.

4 5

ENHANCED TURBINE OPERATIONS

Move ZephIR DM from

turbine to turbine safely,

easily and rapidly for efficient

wind farm health screening

Rotor equivalent wind

speed measurements - not

all lidars are the same.

WE SEE WHAT NO-ONE ELSE CAN

ZephIR DM is the only lidar available that provides rotor equivalent wind speed

measurements, wind veer and wind shear measurements. How?

6 7

25 PAIRS OF MEASUREMENTS

ZephIR DM is the only wind lidar that provides a

circular scan in the plane of the rotor at a rate of 1

scan per second and 50 readings per scan.

By measuring 50 points at each range we are able

to use up to 25 pairs of measurements to:

determine horizontal wind speed and yaw

misalignment at the height of each pair

determine wind veer (change in wind

direction with height)

determine wind shear (change in wind

speed and direction with height)

ensure data is always available at

specified heights due to real time tilt/roll

measurements

provide hub height and rotor equivalent

wind speeds

ZephIR DM has been fully tested and delivered commercially in its intended application. While many projects

are commercially restricted in publication, a sample case study is summarised below, with further studies

available on request:

DETECTING TURBINE YAW MISALIGNMENT

2MW NEG-MICON TURBINE, DENMARK - 2012

“A demonstration and quantification of turbine performance improvements after turbine tuning” on a 2MW NEG-

Micon turbine, 72m rotor diameter situated in flat terrain, Eastern Jutland, Denmark featuring a nacelle roof mounted,

dual mode, ZephIR DM lidar with ranges of 10m, 30m, 50m, 100m and 180m (i.e. 2.5 rotor diameters).

The first part of campaign (January to March 2012) was performed on an un-optimised turbine and the second part of

campaign (March to April 2012) on the same turbine following an optimisation process.

*Yaw error of 14° to 16° evident from ZephIR DM yaw alignment measurements was remedied by nacelle wind vane

recalibration part way through the campaign.

Effects were clearly visible in ZephIR DM measured power curves pre- and post- yaw recalibration with an estimated

improved AEP of approximately 5% after yaw recalibration.

ZephIR DM can be used as an integrated sensor to control yaw. More information available on request, and found

under Lidar Augmented Turbine Control in this brochure.

ZephIR DM installed in a 2MW NEG-Micon wind turbine in Denmark

8 9

5%increase in Annual Energy Prediction*with ZephIR DM

10 11

V90 VESTAS TURBINE, UK - 2013

A ZephIR DM lidar was deployed on the nacelle of a wind turbine in Southern England, located 2.62 rotor diameter

(D) from an International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) compliant met mast, and a second ZephIR DM adjacent

to the met mast operating in ground-based mode.

Wind speeds were measured at 5 distances in front of the rotor - 2.62D, 2D, 1.5D, 1D and 0.5D. Rotor equivalent wind

speed calculations were performed using the ZephIR Turbine Rotor Equivalent Wind Speed (TREWspeed)

post-processing tool at 5 slices over the rotor area.

The ZephIR DM uses inclination and roll sensors along with the known polar beam scan angles to determine the

Line of Sight (LOS) wind speeds at a 3 dimensional point in space. LOS pairs on opposite sides of the scan circle are

selected at the desired height. These are then averaged over 10 minutes and translated to horizontal wind speeds

and yaw angle misalignments.

Three wake-free direction sectors were selected with varying terrain complexity. These sectors are used to test

whether the measurement technique is less sensitive to inflow conditions and site complexity; one of the sectors is

adjacent to the met mast. However the met mast direction was found to be waked by a neighbouring turbine.

The campaign has provided strong evidence of the ability of the ZephIR DM to measure both hub height and rotor

equivalent wind speed power curves in excellent agreement with the fixed mast and ground based lidar respectively.

At any specific measurement distance, the scatter of the measurements (i.e. category A uncertainties) was

independent of the chosen measurement sector, confirming that the site terrain was relatively simple. In general,

measurement bias (category B uncertainty) is expected to decrease with decreasing measurement range, due to

the effects of terrain becoming less significant. An optimum measurement distance of 1.5D is suggested in order to

measure 5 rotor equivalent wind speed slices and minimise the distance in front of the turbine. A further test of this

methodology is planned in complex terrain.

absoluteand relative power curve measurements with ZephIR DM

POWER CURVE MEASUREMENTS

A ZephIR DM unit has been installed on the nacelle of a test turbine at DTU Wind Energy (Risø) since December 2012.

The deployment has allowed the lidar data to be compared against high-quality met masts at two ranges in front of

the rotor plane. Shear, veer and turbulence have all been investigated along with the standard parameters such as

hub-height speed and direction.

“The Nacelle mounted ZephIR DM [ZephIR] installed at DTU Risø Campus as part of a Danish Advanced Technology

Foundation Wind Lidar project apparently provided results as accurate as our well calibrated met mast!” said

Professor Torben Mikkelsen of DTU Wind Energy during the final presentation to project stakeholders. Results from

this trial will be published shortly but an initial set of mast comparisons is shown below demonstrating excellent

correlation:

The deployment was videoed by Micro Quadcopter, here showing a standard ZephIR DM at the front of the turbine

which is being utilised by DTU Wind Energy for further research projects.

A full link to the video can be found on zephirlidar.com.

12 13ZephIR DM installed with DTU Wind Energy

DTU WIND ENERGY - 2012

accuracyfrom a turbine installation that matches an IEC compliant met mast for power curves with ZephIR DM

With appropriate turbine control integration, the ZephIR DM nacelle-mounted lidar system can provide valuable

performance improvements such as dynamic yaw error correction for example. Where direct turbine control system

integration is required, ZephIR DM can also be supplied in customer specific product form suitable for large-scale

retro fit to a wind farm turbine fleet. The ZephIR DM technology platform, was originally conceived precisely for this

application, as its unique Continuous Wave scanning methodology is inherently suited to this purpose, offering

distinct advantages over alternative lidar technologies. Such customer specific ZephIR DM versions can be delivered

at much reduced cost per unit when ordered in volume for fleet retrofit.

The standard ZephIR DM product with its comprehensive functionality, is designed to mount on the nacelle and

provide either independent data output, or data output which can be linked directly to the turbine control / SCADA

system. It is the only wind lidar that provides a circular scan in the plane of the rotor, which it does at a rate of 1

scan per second and 50 readings per scan. By measuring 50 points at each range, ZephIR DM is able to deliver a

comprehensive data set of the full swept rotor plane, with the subsequent benefits which that can bring in terms of

additional information for turbine performance management.

ZephIR Lidar remains at the forefront of turbine control by continuing to deliver solutions to meet customer

requirements based on collaborative studies such as the following:

COLLABORATIVE STUDY, GL GARRAD HASSAN - 2012

LIDAR-AUGMENTED TURBINE CONTROL

14 15

ZephIR DM providing augmented turbine control

uniquemeasurements, essential for optimal turbine control only with ZephIR DM

Exploring optimum lidar configuration for a 5MW turbine

Single/multiple ranges, scan angles, scan patterns, turbine control tuning

Increased energy capture up to 2%.

Reduction in extreme turbine loads e.g. 10 % for tower base bending moment

Significant reduction in thrust related fatigue loads

20% reduction for above-rated wind speeds

14% lifetime fatigue e.g. tower base bending moment

Largest benefits identified for load reduction

Longer turbine life, reduced turbine and energy cost

“Quantifying Lidar Benefits For Turbine Control” - A Collaborative study with GL Garrad Hassan, Sep 2011 to Jul

2012 features the following aspects:

The study notes that “Both pulsed and continuous-wave Lidar types are suitable, as long as they can sample something like 10 points distributed around the swept area every second or so and provide a few seconds of look-ahead time.”

ZephIR DM is the only production lidar in existence that meets this requirement. Options are available for OEM specific turbine control integration. Contact our experts to discuss your specific requirements.

2003World first turbine mounted wind lidar with Nordex

2004Ground based ZephIR wind lidar is released to the world

2012“A demonstration and quantification of turbine performance improvements after turbine tuning” on NEG-Micon 2MW turbine

2009Power curve measurements for EDF Energies Nouvelles in France

2013World-first simultaneous measurements upwind and downwind from a wind turbine

NEL deploys ZephIR 300 to steer industry guidance on power curve measurements

ZephIR DM, a ZephIR Lidar product, is delivered by the original provider of turbine wind lidars. No other commercial

organisation in existence has more experience than us when it comes to the application of wind lidar on turbines.

In 2003 we released the first commercial wind lidar, ZephIR, exploiting decades of research at UK government

Research & Development establishment QinetiQ. Designed specifically for the wind industry, ZephIR has paved the

way for many of the remote sensing devices seen in the market today.

Turn light into power.

2011Indian Centre for Wind Energy Technology deploy ZephIR 300

World first wind tunnel testing as part of Danish research project: Integration of wind LIDAR’s in wind turbines for improved productivity and control

A Collaborative study with GL Garrad Hassan on the subject of “Quantifying Lidar Benefits For Turbine Control”

THE ORIGINAL TURBINE WIND LIDAR

ZephIR DMZephIR DM launched with ZephIR 300 technology at the heart tailored to turbine mounted applications with the added benefit of Dual Mode ground operation from the same platform

ZephIR DM is a continuous wave lidar system, and this core technology was chosen specifically during the original

design of the ZephIR product range due to its unique benefits listed below.

OUR UNIQUE OFFERING Feature of system

Not a feature of system

16 17

FEATURE BENEFITZephIR

DMOther Lidar

Dual mode use Same unit can be used on the ground or on the

turbine, maximising return on investment

High speed, 20 ms

sample rate, circular

scan

Samples around the full path of the rotor

blades for accurate measurement of the wind

experienced by the turbine

On-turbine wind shear

measurement

Important for accurate power curve

measurement and turbine control

On-turbine

vertical wind veer

determination

Important for effective power curve

measurement on larger turbines

On-turbine rotor

equivalent windspeed

measurement

Important for effective power curve

measurement on larger turbines

Real time logging and

compensation for

nacelle movement

Tilt, roll and nacelle velocity compensation in real

time for accuracy and high availability.

Ensures (for example) hub height wind speed

measurement to within 1% of hub height.

Availability measurements

Optimised design for

turbine deployment

Single sealed device, 2 man deployment, fits

through hatches and uses internal turbine crane

or lift

Two year warranty and

service interval

Maximum reliability with minimum downtime

18 19

ZephIR DM provides you with dual-mode functionality, allowing deployments either in turbine mounted

applications or ground based. The unit delivers a platform for bankable data as the system can easily undergo

a performance verification against an IEC approved test site, such as the UK’s Lidar and Sodar Test Site, before

being deployed in the field in a turbine application. Utilising a simple frame, ZephIR DM remains exactly the

same unit to deliver both applications.

DUAL MODE FUNCTIONALITY

GROUND-BASED

ZephIR DM in ground-based mode provides an easily transportable and

manoeuvrable wind lidar that can be deployed on a range of terrains. With

its tripod design, the system is easily levelled and can be deployed in

minutes on site.

Typical ground-based applications include:

Research / academia

Met mast complement

Wind shear verification studies

Turbulence measurements

Site prospecting

Micrositing

Wind model verification

Long term reference measurements

Real time weather monitoring during construction

Finance-grade, bankable Energy Yield Analysis

IEC compliant power curve measurements (anticipated in new

edition)

Forecasting

TURBINE-MOUNTED

ZephIR DM in turbine-mounted mode provides an easily deployable in-

situ wind lidar adaptable to a range of turbine makes / models providing

advanced intelligence on wind parameters and site conditions.

Typical turbine-mounted applications include:

turbine condition monitoring

In-situ power performance measurements

turbine performance optimisation

turbine predictive maintenance planning

turbine lidar augmented control

turbine fatigue and load reduction strategies

ZephIR DM provides both turbine and ground based measurements from a single platform. Our

customers utilise this function in a number of applications including power curve measurements. IEC

61400-12-1 is intended to permit ground based remote sensing for power curve measurement based

on the technology’s proven track record, industry accepted verification regime and suitability to the site.

GROUND OPERATIONS - POWER CURVE MEASUREMENTS

REPOWER MM91 WTG, FRANCE

A unit was deployed at the site of a REpower MM91 to provide a power curve test following the current

edition of IEC 61400-12-1. The unit was located 61m from IEC compliant hub height test mast.

The results confirmed that:

ZephIR / ZephIR DM and the mast power curves were identical

The manufacturers power curve matched closely

Scatter in the unit measured the power curve lower than that for mast

Power curve measurements in France against REpower MM91

20 21

dual modefunctionality allows for traceable power curve measurements to IEC standards

Po

wer

pro

du

ced

Wind speed

USER INTERFACE

Waltz software allows users to easily configure all ZephIR DM models and automatically adjusts available options to the type of unit.

Users are able to define ranges of interest from just 10m to 300m either locally or remotely, covering the entire rotor swept diameter, above and below.

Wind speed history and wind shear graphs show users the wind field live or from recorded data giving insight into the windfield as it evolves.

Uncluttered wind speed and direction displays give the user a quick glance into the current or recorded wind field.

ADDITIONAL FEATURESDetailed status outputs are available both live and in recorded data giving you feedback on the ZephIR DM system and its environment.

A simple download interface gives access to data wherever ZephIR DM is deployed, over ethernet, wifi, GSM or satellite comms links.

Live and recorded data is available at your finger-tips with simple controls to export recorded data into other formats.

Full Doppler spectra can be displayed to allow wake and complex terrain studies

SYSTEM FEATURES

MARINE METEOROLOGICAL STATION providing temperature, pressure and humidity measurements, designed to operate in harsh marine environments and includes a GPS device for data timestamp & location, facilitating synchronisation with other devices.

QUICK RELEASE HANDLES for simple levelling adjustments and designed for gloved operation.

MARINE WIPER SYSTEM with silicone wiper blade for extended operation, keeping window surface clear of moisture and debris, designed to operate in the harshest of environments. Fed by industrial specification screen wash capable of operation in sub-zero temperatures.

AUTOMOTIVE MOISTURE SENSOR for activating wiper arm, designed to operate in exhaustive automotive applications.

CARBON FIBRE LEGSresistant to horizontal wind loading while keeping overall weight minimised.

WIDE SPREAD FEETfor effective load spreading and ease of bolting to a variety of turbine roof styles.

INSULATED BODY PODSmanufactured in polyethylene, operating across a wide range of temperatures and with IP69 seals across all surfaces and connector panels.

22 23

OPTIMISED ENCLOSURE PROFILE DESIGN ensuring lowest possible surface area to avoid snow build up in cold conditions, with radius on edges to allow for natural snow fall-off.

LIGHTWEIGHT STIFFENED FRAMEensuring constant positional accuracy with respect to nacelle alignment combined with ease of lifting and manhandling through apertures.

HALF-DAY INSTALLATION ON TURBINE

1 | LIFT

Using the supplied haul bags,

ZephIR DM can be easily lifted up

to the nacelle. The haul bags are

designed to provide protection to

the unit during lifting whilst also

allowing for safe operations during

the lifting process.

2 | PREPARE

Measurement advice for locating the ZephIR

DM is supplied for all turbine makes and

models. A guide is used to provide optimal

drill holes through the nacelle roof so the

unit can be secured quickly and easily.

24 25

3 | MOUNT

ZephIR DM feet have mounting apertures to allow easy connection to

the brace plate and once fixed, the unit’s chassis can then be secured. A

comfortable two-man lift, the ZephIR DM can be easily lowered on to the

chassis and secured from underneath. The unit’s multi- purpose haul bag

and protection jacket can then be removed.

ZephIR DM is a fully integrated solution - there is no separate head unit, or

control system. This means there are no optical or electronic connections to

be made between units, which can introduce risk and failure modes.

4 | MEASURE

With one push of the power

button, ZephIR DM is ready

to measure.

SYSTEM QUALITY

Our Quality Management System has been developed accordingly and is achieved through meeting the

requirements of ISO 9001:2008, in the following application:

Provision of continuous wave lidar equipment supplied to provide wind

measurements during the assessment, development and operation of wind farm

projects and related meteorological industries, including design, manufacture,

engineering, research & development, certification, communications, power and

global logistics.

CE marking (also known as the CE mark) is a mandatory conformance mark on

products sold or distributed in the European Economic Area (EEA) - consisting of the

27 Member States of the EU and EFTA countries Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and

Liechtenstein. ZephIR 300 is a CE Marked product, which guarantees that the product

is in conformity with the essential requirements of the applicable EC directives.

Safety and certification:

ZephIR has been subject to rigorous environmental, EMC and safety testing at a UKAS accredited test house.

Test results, combined with real world experience demonstrate the real maturity of the system in some particularly

challenging scenarios. Full details on these tests can be found at zephirlidar.com however a relevant subset are

shown below.

CERTIFICATION STANDARD

Eye safety IEC 60825-1

Housing IEC 60529 - IP 69, fully integrated and sealed product (no separation of head / body / computing)

Mechanical EN 300 019-2-2 V2.1.2 (vibration), IEC 60068-2-27 (shock / bump)

Extreme temperature BS EN 60068-2-1 Test A (freeze test), BS EN 60068-2-1 Test A and BS EN 60068-2-2 Test B (extreme upper and lower)

EMC & Lightning Full RF Emission, RF Immunity, Conducted Immunity, Burst, Surge, and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) tested across IEC 61326-1, IEC 61000-4, FCC part 15, EN 61000-6-4, EN 61000-4-3, EN 61000-4-6:1996+A1:2001, EN 61000-4-4, EN 61000-4-5:1995+A1:2001, EN 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998+A2:2001, EN 61000-4-11:1994, EN 55011:2007 + A2:2007, EN 55011:2007 + A2:2007, EN 61000-3-2:2000, EN 61000-3-3:1995+A1:2001

Safety EN601010-1:2001

Cables and PCB assembly IPC/WHMA-A-620A, IPC -A-610, Low Voltage Directive, RoHS

PERFORMANCE RESULTS

26 27

Pre-deployment performance validations

Before ZephIR Lidar products (ZephIR 300 and ZephIR DM) are deployed they are assessed against a 91.5m mast

in flat terrain at UK’s Lidar and Sodar test site as part of an industry-approved and well-documented performance

validation. The mean and standard deviation of the mast correlation parameters, gradient and R2, have been

calculated from a batch of more than 80 units to investigate consistency of lidar performance, pre-deployment

(Table 1). The regression slopes show a standard deviation for the ZephIR Lidars of <1% at all heights, with current IEC

standards for cup anemometers allowing for almost double that variation, at <2%. The comparisons also include any

effects of differing weather conditions in addition to lidar and cup calibration effects.

HEIGHT (m) GRADIENT R2

Mean StDev Mean StDev

91 1.00 0.006 0.99 0.006

70 1.00 0.005 0.99 0.004

45 1.00 0.004 0.99 0.005

20 1.00 0.004 0.99 0.005

Table 1: Batch comparison of more than 80 systems

Calibrated wind tunnel testing

In addition to the pre-deployment performance validations, batch comparisons and demonstrable performance in all

terrains, in an experimental investigation by LM Windpower, DTU Wind Energy (Risø) and NKT Photonics, a ZephIR

300 system was configured to stare directly along the flow in a high-performance wind tunnel. The world-first results

showed unprecedented performance at the theoretical limit when compared against the wind tunnel instrumentation

across a speed range of 5 to 75m/s.

The correlation was extremely high with R2 >0.9999, and the gradient of the comparison plot differs from unity by

less than 0.5%, comparable to the expected accuracy of the pitot sensor used to calibrate the tunnel itself.

SYST

EM CERTIFICATION

ISO 9001

28

WIND DATA & TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

29

In addition to those measurements shown on the opposite page,

the following data outputs are available during ground based

operation:

ZephIR DM OUTPUT

UNIT EXPLANATION

Horizontal wind speed

Metres per second

Horizontal wind speed measured by ZephIR DM

Vertical wind speed

Metres per second

Vertical wind speed measured by ZephIR DM

Horizontal wind direction

Degrees Horizontal wind direction measured by ZephIR DM

Horizontal min / max

Metres per second

Minimum / maximum horizontal wind speeds measured by ZephIR DM

PERFORMANCE ZephIR DM

Range (min.)Range (max.)

10 metres300+ metres

Probe length @ 10 mProbe length @ 100 m

± 0.07 metres± 7.70 metres

Heights measured 10 (user-configurable)

Sampling rate 50Hz

Averaging period user configurable (1 second as standard)

Readout rate 100ms (user configurable)

Scanning cone angle 30° or 15° (other angles available)

Speed accuracy variation* < 0.5%

Speed range < 1 m/s to 70 m/s

Direction accuracy variation* < 0.5°

Visible laser alignment accuracy 1°

Measurement accuracy compensation

0.1m/s

Inclination and roll measurement compensation accuracy

0.1°

OPERATIONS ZephIR DM

Temp range (min.)Temp range (max.)

-25°C+50°C

Power consumption 85 Watts

Power input 250 -90 V AC 50-60Hz or 12 V DC

Weight (excluding flight casing) 41 kg**

Service interval 24 months

DATA ZephIR DM

10 minute averaging 90Kb / day

1 second data 3MB / day

On board storage 36 months

Data transfer LAN; MODBUS; WiFi; Global SIM; Iridium Sat Comms

Timestamp / Location GPS

500Gbyte SSD*** Allows low level, real time, data capture of full Doppler spectra

SAFETY ZephIR DM

Laser classification Class 1

Eye safety standard IEC 60825-1

Enclosure IP Rating IP69

Compliance Full CE accreditation

* As measured against a calibrated moving target** Heaviest single component*** Optional

ZephIR DM OUTPUT

UNIT EXPLANATION

Reference - Numerical reference of each record

Time and date - In text format, to the nearest second

Timestamp Seconds Time and date of the reading as numerical value in seconds

Hub height horizontal wind speed

Metres per second

Horizontal wind speed measured by the ZephIR DM at hub height, with real-time inclination correction

Rotor-equivalent horizontal wind speed

- Rotor equivalent horizontal wind speed, as described in IEC 61400-12-1 CD, additionally incorporating real-time inclination correction and wind veer across the turbine

Vertical Wind Shear Exponent

- Power law wind shear exponent as measured by the ZephIR DM around the centre of the scan. Positive values indicate that the wind speed is higher above the optical axis than below.

Wind Yaw Misalignment

Degrees Angle of the horizontal wind direction vector to the ZephIR DM optical axis (i.e. yaw) as measured by the ZephIR DM. Positive values indicate that the wind direction is crossing from right to left (when looking from behind the ZephIR DM into the wind.

Horizontal Std.Dev.

Metres per second

Standard deviation of un-averaged horizontal wind speeds included in 10-min average.

Wind Yaw Misalignment Std.Dev.

Degrees Standard deviation of the un-averaged wind yaw angles included in the 10-min average.

Vertical veer Degrees per metre

Variation of wind direction with height

Range Metres Range at which the various wind quantities are determined

Flow complexity

Metres per second

A quantified measure of the wind flow complexity measured around the ZephIR DM scan. Useful for identifying wakes and complex wind flow conditions

Inclination Angle Min

Degrees Minimum inclination angle detected by the motion sensors. Positive inclination angles indicate that the ZephIR DM optical axis in the direction of laser emission is tilted above the horizontal axis.

Inclination Angle Max

Degrees Maximum inclination angle detected by the motion sensors.

cont.

Inclination Angle Mean (deg)

Degrees Mean inclination angle detected by the motion sensors.

Inclination Angle Std. Dev

Degrees Standard deviation of inclination angle detected by the motion sensors.

Fore-Aft Velocity Max

Metres per second

Maximum fore-aft velocity detected by the motion sensors.

Fore-Aft Velocity Mean

Metres per second

Mean fore-aft velocity detected by the motion sensors.

Fore-Aft Velocity Std. Dev

Fit Flags - A bit field representing the result of fitting process. Flag values.

Mean Fit Residual

Metres per second

The average fit residual of all the measurement points included in the fitting of the wind model.

TI - Turbulence Intensity

Generator Volts External supply voltage, if present

Upper temp / lower temp

Degrees Celsius

Pod temperature

Pod humidity Percent Internal humidity

GPS Decimal Degrees

GPS location (lat and long)

ZephIR bearing

Degrees Direction of the ZephIR wrt True North

Tilt Degrees Pitch and roll away from vertical

Air Temp. Degrees Celsius

Ambient temperature

Pressure Millibar / Hectopascals

Ambient pressure

Humidity Percent Ambient humidity

MET wind speed

Metres per second

Horizontal wind speed measured by the MET station

MET direction Degrees Wind direction measurement by the MET station

Raining - Rain sensor detects rain

Status Flags Colour coded Continuous operational status

30

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND KEY DIMENSIONS

31

POWER™

CONNECT™

DYNAMICS™

VALIDATE™

EXPERT™

T +44 (0) 1531 650 757E sales@zephirlidar.comW www.zephirlidar.com

The Old Barns Fairoaks Farm Hollybush Ledbury HR8 1EU UK

To discuss your wind energy projects with the world’s most experienced wind lidar company, please get in touch:

© 2014 Zephir Ltd. ZephIR, ZephIR Lidar, ZephIR 300 and ZephIR DM are trademarks or registered trademarks of Zephir Ltd. Company registration No. SC 317594