“the only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”
DESCRIPTION
“The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”. Albert Einstein. How does learning take place?. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgJc0zmWHL8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=H8oQBYw6xxc&NR= 1. What is learning ?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”
Albert Einstein
![Page 2: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How does learning take place?• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgJc0zmWHL8• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscree
n&v=H8oQBYw6xxc&NR=1
![Page 3: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is learning?• “A relatively permanent change in an
organism’s behaviour due to experience”.
![Page 4: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How do you learn?• Three different types:
i. Classical conditioningii. Operant conditioningiii. Social learning/Observational
learning
![Page 5: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Classical conditioning• Experiment - Who would like
to get wet…? • Ivan Pavlov (1849 – 1936)• Originally studied how much
dogs salivated during digestion• Noticed that dogs started
salivating at the sight of food…• …so he started varying the
stimuli before feeding
![Page 6: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pavlov’s Dogs
![Page 7: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Little Albert• John B. Watson (1878
– 1958)• Little Albert
experiment– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=Xt0ucxOrPQE
![Page 8: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Little Albert• Before conditioning:
UCSUCR
(Fear)
![Page 9: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Little Albert• Before conditioning:
Neutral stimulus No fear
![Page 10: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Little Albert• During conditioning:
UCSNeutral stimulus UCR (Fear)
![Page 11: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Little Albert• After conditioning:
CS CR (Fear)
![Page 12: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Classical conditioning• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
WfZfMIHwSkU
![Page 13: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Classical conditioning• What is an example of classical
conditioning? • For each example, name the
following: – US – unconditioned stimulus– UR – unconditioned response–Neutral stimulus– CS – conditioned stimulus– CR – conditioned response
![Page 14: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Classical conditioning• Initial learning of the stimulus-
response relationship - Acquisition• How much time should elapse
between presenting the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?
![Page 15: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Acquisition
Weak CR
Strong CR• The CR grows stronger as the CS and US are repeatedly paired
(CS + US)
Acquisition (CS + US)
Time
![Page 16: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Classical conditioning• What happens if the CS occurs
repeatedly without the US?
Response diminishes when the CS no longer signals the US –
Extinction
![Page 17: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Extinction
Weak CR
Strong CR
(CS + US)
Extinction (CS alone):CR weakens as the CS is presented alone
Acquisition: (CS + US)
Time
![Page 18: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Classical conditioning• After a pause in time, the CS is
sounded again with the US. What happens?
-The CR reappears – Spontaneous recovery
-Extinction suppressed the CR, but did not eliminate it
![Page 19: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Spontaneous Recovery
Weak CR
Strong CR
(CS + US)
2. Extinction (CS alone)
Time Pause
1. Acquisition: (CS + US)
3. Spontaneous recovery of CR 4. Extinction
(CS alone)
![Page 20: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Classical conditioning• What do you think happened when
Pavlov used a slightly different sounding tone than the original CS? (i.e., a metronome vs. a buzzer)
Dogs still responded to the stimuli – Generalization
![Page 21: “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020200/56815ffa550346895dcef9b0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Generalization• Applications for generalization?– Human health and well-being – former
drug users– Toddlers fearing vehicles