the oil industry in the gulf of mexico: a history of environmental injustices

7/31/2019 The Oil Industry in the Gulf of Mexico: A History of Environmental Injustices

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Pni Bgc Go`ytpvw go pniKyce be Ai~gdb8

M ngtpbvw be Iougvboaiopmc gohytpgdit

Ebv m diopyvw# pni bgc go`ytpvw nmt fiio zbgtbogok pni Kyce be Ai~gdb mo` gpt dbaayogpgit ebv zvbegp/ Bgc dbvzbvmpgbot zvmdpgdit oyaivbyt gohytpgdit mkmgotp Zibzci be

Dbcbv dbaayogpgit {nivi gp fmtit gpt bzivmpgbot# pmvkipgok pni amvkgomcgxi`# `gtiazb{ivi`# mo` zbbv pb i~zcbgp pnigv nimcpn# mt {bvlivt mo` mt vitg`iopt/

M Vizbvp fw Tbypn{itp [bvlivt Yogbo

Mykytp 6::4


2/26

TBYPN[ITP [BVLIVT YOGBO

~idypgui

vitgìop8Ogdl Dnmvcit

Ugdi!Zvitgìop8Hbti Xgaaivci

idvipmvw8Amvgm ì cm Dvyx

Db!@gvidpbvt

Dn Czix

Kiomvb Vio`bo C/

vbkvma@iuicbziv

Vyfio Tbcgt

@gvidpbvt ObpitMt Db!@gvidpbvt be pni Tbypn{itp [bvlivt Yogbo# {i mvi i~dgpi` pb moobyodi pni vicimti be Pni Bgc Go`ytpvw go pni Kyce be Ai~gdb8 M Ngtpbvw be Iougvboaiopmc Gohytpgdit/ Pngt vizbvp{gcc fvgok pb cgknp pni fg!ompgbomc tgpympgbo bo pni Kyce be Ai~gdb go vicmpgbo pb pni bgcgo`ytpvw mo` pni gazmdpt bo Zibzci be Dbcbv dbaayogpgit/ Pni vizbvp {gcc i`ydmpidbaayogpgit# bvkmogxivt mo` eiccb{ mdpgugtpt mfbyp pni cgeicgoi be bgc mcbok pni Kyce mo` {nmppnmp aimot ebv pni dbaayogpgit cgugok pnivi/

Pni m``gdpgbo pb bgc lob{t ob fbvìvt mo` nmt gazmdpi` pni dbaayogpgit mcbok pni Kyce be Aig~db evba Dmazidni# Pmfmtdb# mo` Pmazgdb# Ai~gdb pb Dbvzyt Dnvgtpg# Nbytpbo mo`Cbygtgmom# Y/T/ Pni zb{iv be bgc nmt mccb{i` pniti aycpgompgbomc dbvzbvmpgbot pb kb mfbypfytgoitt mt ytymc/ [i zcmo pb ebva dbouivkiodi be pniti dbaayogpgit pb oip{bvl mo`dvimpi m yogegi` evbop pb fmppci pniti zipvbdniagdmc dbvzbvmpgbot/

[i {byc` cgli pb pnmol Hgcc Hbnotpbo ebv niv nmv` {bvl mo` ì`gdmpgbo pb amlgok pngt vizbvpzbttgfci/ [i pnmol pni amow bvkmogxmpgbot pnmp {i nmui {bvli` {gpn go vicmpgbo pbDcgampi Dnmoki8 Iougvboaiopmc Hytpgdi mo` Dcgampi Dnmoki Gogpgmpgui# Dcgampi HytpgdiDbvzt# Tbypn{itp Oip{bvl ebv Iougvboaiopmc mo` Idbobagd Hytpgdi# Go`gkiobytIougvboaiopmc Oip{bvl mo` Dbvz[mpdn/

Tgodivicw#

Dn Czix Kiomvb Vio`bo C/Db!@gvidpbv Db!@gvidpbv

Mdlob{ci`kiaiopt

Vitimvdn I`gpbv8 Hgcc Hbnotpbo

Pngt vizbvp {mt amì zbttgfci fw Pni Iougvboaiopmc Hytpgdi % Dcgampi Dnmoki Gogpgmpgui Dcgampi Hytpgdi Dbvzt

Zvbkvma

Tbypn{itp [bvlivt+ Yogbo Z/B/ Fb~ >4:;:5Tmo Mopbogb P^ ;>6>4!:;:5Znboi8 6=:!677!6555Em~8 6=:!677!0::7Iamgc8 goebJt{yogbo/bvk

Tbypn{itp [bvlivt Yogbo gt m kvmttvbbptbvkmogxmpgbo# {nbti agttgbo gt pb iazb{ivkvmttvbbpt Zibzci be Dbcbv mo` bpniv zbbvdbaayogpgit be cb{!godbai {bvlivt#dbaayogpw vitgìopt mo` wbypn# pnvbykni`ydmpgbo# cimìvtngz ìuicbzaiop#pvmgogok# mo` `gvidp mdpgbo bvkmogxgok gobvìv pb nmui m ubgdi go pni ìdgtgbo!amlgok zvbditt mp pni cbdmc# tpmpi moèiìvmc ciuict/ T[Y tpvguit pb fygc` tice!tytpmgogok aiafivtngz!fmti` bvkmogxmpgbot#mo` oip{bvlgok pb kmgo pni zb{iv ebv tbdgmcdnmoki# mdngiui m tmei iougvboaiop#tytpmgomfci dbaayogpgit mo` m {bvlzcmdi{gpn cgugok {mkit# `gkogpw mo` hytpgdi/


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Pmfci be Dbopiopt

6 GOPVB@YDPGBO6 M``gdpgbo

Ngtpbvw

4 Bgc % Kcbfmcgxmpgbo Kcbfmc Dcgampi Dnmoki Hytpgdi

0 CGEICGOI BE BGC mo buivugi{

9 PNI CGEICGOI % CIKMDW BE PNI BGC GO@YTPVW9 Ebvampgbo

Ego`gok I~pvmdpgbo Aivdyvw Zbccypgbo Nw`vbdmvfbo zbccypgbo Zbcwoydcimv Mvbampgd Nw`vbdmvfbot Nimuw Aipmct Mdg` Vmgo % Tmcp!{mpiv Gopvytgbo

> Pvmotzbvpmpgbo Tngzzgok 7 Zipvbciya Tpbvmki Pmolt

Viegoiaiop Bgc Viegoivgit % Mgv Zbccypgbo

== PNI BGC VIEGOGOK DMZGPBC BE PNI [BVC@ == Pni Kyce go Oyafivt

Pni Pb~gd Dbmtp

=4 PNI EGOMC TPMKIT=4 @gtpvgfypgbo Tabk

=0 Zb{iv Zcmopt# Dmvt# % Dbafytpgbo

=0 W HYTPGDGM2 GO PNI TNM@B[T BE VIEGOIVGIT=9 Pi~mt Ubgdit evba pni Kvmttvbbpt =5 Cbygtgmom Ubgdit evba pni Kvmttvbbpt =; Ai~gdbt Kyce Tpmpit

=> DCGAMPI DNMOKI PNI BGC GO@YTPVWT CMTPGOK GAZMDP=7 Kyce Dbmtp Vikgbo % Dcgampi Dnmoki

Nimp [muit % Nimcpn 6: [mpiv Vitbyvdit Ecbb`gok 6= Goeidpgbyt @gtimtit

66 PNI PI^MT P[B TPIZDBODCYTGBOT

64 EGOMC PNBYKNPTIO@OBPIT


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6

GOPVB@YDPGBO

Bgc mo` pni zbcgpgdt be zipvbciyadbopgoyi gpt mcc!zb{iveyc vigko gopbpni 6=tp diopyvw# mp pni i~zioti be nimcpn# pni iougvboaiop# cguicgnbb`#dycpyvi mo` iabdvmdw/ Ebv buiv mdiopyvw pni bgc go`ytpvw nmt fiiopmvkipgok# i~zcbgpgok mo` zbgtbogokzibzci be dbcbv dbaayogpgit ebvzvbegp/ Pni zb{iv mo` idbobagdkvb{pn be pni Yogpi` Tpmpit gtgopikvmccw cgoli` pb pngt zciopgeyctyzzcw be dnimz bgc mo` zvbpidpi`pnvbykn dbcbogmcgta# evii pvmìmkviiaiopt mo` agcgpmvw ebvdi/

Pni Y/T/ fbmtpt mo mfyo`modi be dmvt# cgknpt# go`ytpvw# mgv dbo`gpgboivt

mo` vbm`t ! pni fiodnamvlt be abìvogpw/ Fyp {nmp bit pngtaimo ebv dbaayogpgit oimv mo`{bvlivt go pni zipvbdniagdmcgo`ytpvw2 [nb mvi pnitidbaayogpgit pnmp nmui fiiobuivvyo ebv zvbegp2 Mo` {nb zmwtebv pni aycpg!fgccgbo `bccmv viuioyibe pni bgc go`ytpvw2 Pngt vizbvpgopio`t pb i~magoi pni dbtpt be pnibgc go`ytpvw go pivat be iougvboaiop#nimcpn mo` hytpgdi# go boi be gpt nyft#pni fg!ompgbomc vikgbo mvbyo` pniKyce be Ai~gdb/

M``gdpgbo

Gp tnbyc` dbai mtob tyvzvgti pnmppni Yogpi`Tpmpit nmt mom``gdpgbo pbebttgc eyict8 bgc#dbmc mo` ompyvmckmt/ Ebvpwzivdiop be mccioivkwdbotyai` go pniY/T/ gt evba bgc#{ngdn vizvitioptboi!}ymvpiv be pni {bvc`twimvcw bgczvb`ydpgbo ebvbocw 0) be pni{bvc`t

zbzycmpgbo/ Mcabtp iuivwboiytit bgc bv bgc!vicmpi` zvb`ydptgo pnigv mgcw mdpgugpgit/ Bgc gtyti` pb dvimpi icidpvgdgpw#kmtbcgoi# nimpgok bgc mo`zcmtpgd/ Bgc gt yti` mt cyfvgdmoptebv emdpbvw amdngoit/ Iuio

abtp be pni ebb` kvb{o go pniY/T/ gt dycpgumpi` {gpndniagdmct ìvgui` evba bgc/Pngvpw!tiuio zivdiop be mccviuioyit ebv Ai~gdb# buiv =:fgccgbo `bccmvt m wimv# dbaievba bgc i~pvmdpgbo go pni Kyce vikgbo/=

Mcc dvyì bgc i~pvmdpi` bvgazbvpi` aytp fi viegoi` go bvìv pbzvb`ydi pni zvb`ydpt {i yti `mgcw#cgli nimpgok bgc mo` kmtbcgoi/ Pni

viegogok nyf be pni Y/T/ gt tpmpitfbvìvgok pni Kyce be Ai~gdb#zmvpgdycmvcw Imtpivo Pi~mt mo`Tbypnivo Cbygtgmom# vikgbot zcmkyi`{gpn i~pviaicw yonimcpnw mgv}ymcgpw/ Buiv =4) be mcc pni {bvc`tdvyì bgc gt zvbditti` pnvbykn pnitiviegoivgit# mfbyp 7 agccgbo fmvvict ziv`mw go bvìv pb tyzzcw byv bgcm``gdpgbo/ Pni cmvkitp tyzzcgiv pbpniti viegoivgit gt Ai~gdb/ Pni zvbegpevba pngt m``gdpgbo nmt zvbazpi`pni bgc go`ytpvw pb dbotyai pni

dbmtpmc mvimt be pniKyce be Ai~gdb mppni i~zioti be gptzibzci# zmvpgdycmvcwzibzci be dbcbv# mt{icc mt nimcpn#cguicgnbb` mo`dycpyvi/

Ngtpbvw

Evba pni mùiop be amogeitp ìtpgowmo` pni Dmcgebvogmkbc` vytn be pni=>0:t# m oi{ vytn pbkip vgdn }ygdliaivki` go pniimtpivo Yogpi`Tpmpit ebvfcmdlkbc` bv bgc/ Mp pnmppgai# {nmci bgc {mtyti` mt eyic ebv

cmazt mo` cyfvgdmopt# fyp go`ytpvwìtgvi` m dnimziv# abvi vim`gcwmumgcmfci mcpivompgui/ Mp egvtp#

{bvlivt `yk ebv bgc# fyp tbbo vimcgxi`pnmp `vgccgok ebv bgc {mt pni {mw pbkb/ Bgc {mt egvtp tpvydl fw `vgccgok goZiootwcumogm go =>97/ Ebvpw!p{bwimvt cmpiv# go =7:=# mo bgc `gtdbuivw gFimyabop# Pi~mt pvmotebvai` pniKyce Tpmpit be Pi~mt# Cbygtgmom#Mcmfmam mo` Agttgttgzzg/ Tnbvpcwpnivi mepiv pni egvtp dvyì bgc viegoivw{mt fygcp oimvfw go Zbvp Mvpnyv/ Gocitt pnmo m wimv# pnivi {ivi 4:: bgc{icct mo` 5:: bgc dbazmogitbzivmpgok go Pi~mt/

Bgc gt m ompyvmc vitbyvdi# {ngdnaimot gp gt ebvai` ompyvmccw# obp fwnyamot/ Bgc gt mctb obovioi{mfci#{ngdn aimot pnmp bodi gp gti~pvmdpi`# gp {gcc obp fi vizcmdi`/Vmazmop buiv!`vgccgok go boi mvimzivzipympi` kvii`!`vguio timvdnitebv abvi bgc vitivubgvt/ Amow be pnibc` {icct evba pni =7 pn mo` imvcw 6: pn diopyvw nmui fiio ìzcipi`/ Pb`mwm ei{ zb{iveyc aycpgompgbomcdbvzbvmpgbot dbopvbc abtp be pni`baitpgd bgc zvb`ydpgbo go pni Kyce tpmpit/

Pni vytn ebv bgc fvbyknp p{bMaivgdmo aio pb Uivmdvyx# Ai~gdbbo pni Kyce be Ai~gdb# {nivi pniwtpvydl bgc go =7:=/ Vmazmopi~zcbvmpgbo fw dbazmogit dbopgoyi`yopgc mo mdp fw Zvitgìop Dmvìomt go=74> ompgbomcgxi` pni bgc go`ytpvw

Egkyvi 68 Amz be pni Kyce be Ai~gdb Vikgbo

Egkyvi =8 Boi be 9; zbccypgokviegoivgit mcbok pni Kyce Dbmtp pnmpmvi `gtzvbzbvpgbompicw cbdmpi` goZibzci be Dbcbv dbaayogpgit/


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4

gopb Zipvcibt Ai~gdmobt .Ziai~'/Pni `gtdbuivw be oi{ bgc vitivubgvt gotbypnivo Ai~gdb go pni =7;:t# mo`pni BZID bgc iafmvkb# gogpgmpi` pnivmzg` i~zmotgbo mo` kvb{pn be pnigo`ytpvw# pnvbyknbyp pni pvm`gpgbomccmo` be pni go`gkiobyt mo`

dmazitgobt/ Pni tpmkomop zvgdit be pni =7>:t ci` pb m fbbtp gozvb`ydpgbo go bvìv pb godvimtiviuioyit ebv pni kbuivoaiop mo`zmw i~pivomc ìfpt# mp pni i~zioti be dbaayogpgit# nimcpn mo` pniiougvboaiop/

Pni Ai~gdmo kbuivoaiop moìdbobaw gt ìzioìop bo pnii~zcbgpmpgbo be ompyvmc vitbyvdit gobvìv pb aiip gopivitp zmwaiopt boi~pivomc ìfpt# mo` pnyt# go pni

kcbfmcgxi` idbobaw# aytp i~pvmdpmo` i~zbvp bgc go bvìv pb mubgègomodgmc dvgtgt/ Pni imvcgiv `vimat be zvitpgki# zb{iv mo` egvtp {bvcàiafivtngz evba b{oivtngz be bgcvitbyvdit nmui wip pb fi vimcgxi`/

Bgc % Kcbfmcgxmpgbo

Pni mfyo`mop mo` tpim`w tyzzcw be dnimz bgc gt gopikvmccw cgoli` pbgo`ytpvgmcgxmpgbo mo` vmzg` idbobagdkvb{pn be pni Yogpi` Tpmpit/ Bgcdbazmogit dbopvbc pni i~pvmdpgbo#pvmotzbvpmpgbo# viegoiaiop mo``gtpvgfypgbo be bgc mo` dbopgoyi pbi~zmo` pnigv zvbegp!`vguiobzivmpgbot {gpnbyp vitzidp ebvnyamo vgknpt bv ompgbomctbuivigkopw/ Bgc gt pni eyic ebvpvmotzbvpmpgbo# go`ytpvw moàidnmogxi` mkvgdycpyvi mo` gtzvbpidpi` pnvbykn agcgpmvwvizvittgbo mo` vikgbomc {mvt/Aycpgompgbomc bgc go`ytpvgit nmui muitpi` gopivitp go i~pio`gok pnidyvviop evii pvmì vikgai mt pbiotyvi obp bocw mo io`citt amvlipfyp mctb pni evii`ba pb eyvpnivìuicbz pni bgc go`ytpvw {bvc`{gì#{gpnbyp mddbyopmfgcgpw/

Pni kcbfmc idbobaw# ci` fw pnigo`ytpvgmcgxi` dbyopvgit mo`dbvzbvmpgbot# beeivt godiopguit ebvompgbot pnmp ebdyt bo vitbyvdi

i~pvmdpgbo# {ngdn goiugpmfcw cim`t pbm vicmpgbotngz be ìzioìodi mo`goitdmzmfcw yoìvagoit nyamovgknpt# hytpgdi# iabdvmdw/ Ebttgc eyictviamgo pni cgeicgoi be kcbfmcgxmpgbo#mo idbobagd!vbbpi` pvio` pb i~pio`pni zb{iv mo` zvbegpt be

aycpgompgbomc dbvzbvmpgbot mp pnii~zioti be dbaayogpgit# {bvlivt#nyamo vgknpt# hytpgdi mo` pniiougvboaiop/ 6

Kcbfmc Dcgampi Dnmoki

Ge nyamo vgknpt ugbcmpgbot#agcgpmvgxmpgbo mo` iougvboaiopmcìumtpmpgbo `yvgok i~pvmdpgbo mo`dbazvbagti` {bvliv tmeipw#zbccypgbo mo` dmodiv {nivi bgc gtviegoi` mvi obp iobykn# pni

i~pvmdpgbo mo` dbotyazpgbo be ebttgceyict mvi mctb pni dmyti be kcbfmcdcgampi gotpmfgcgpw {ngdn pnvimpiotcgei bo pngt zcmoip ob{ mo` ebvkioivmpgbot pb dbai/ Dcgampidnmoki vieivt pb pni {mvagok be pnizcmoip# `yi cmvkicw pb fyvogok ebttgceyict# {ngdn dbyc` dmyti dvbz emgcyvit#emagoit# ecbb`gok# nimcpn gttyit#mcbok {gpn amow iougvboaiopmc#idbobagd mo` tbdgmc zvbfciat/ 4

Pni zbbvitp zibzci mo` zibzci be dbcbv mvi obp bocw gazmdpi` fw pni`mgcw bzivmpgbot be pni bgc go`ytpvw#fyp nmui fiio ngp egvtp mo` {gccdbopgoyi pb fi gazmdpi` nmvìtp fwdcgampi dnmoki/ Pni Kyce dbmtp gtzmvpgdycmvcw uycoivmfci pb nimp

{muit# godvimtit go `gtimti!dmvvwgokgotidpt# godvimtit go evi}yiodw be nyvvgdmoit mo` ecbb`t# dnmokit go{mpiv tyzzcw mo` cbtt be ebb`tidyvgpw/ Dbaayogpgit i~zcbgpi` fwpni bgc go`ytpvw mcvim`w io`yviaycpgzci nimcpn tpvittit bocw pb fi

gopiotgegi` fw dcgampi dnmoki/Hytpgdi

Pni bgc go`ytpvw nmt dvimpi` dbyopcittugdpgat go pni i~zvbzvgmpgbo be zb{ivmo` zvbegp/ Gp zvmdpgdit oyaivbytgohytpgdit mkmgotp dbaayogpgit {nivigp fmtit gpt bzivmpgbot# pmvkipgok pniamvkgomcgxi`# `gtiazb{ivi` mo`zbbv pb i~zcbgp pnigv nimcpn# mt{bvlivt mo` mt vitgìopt/ Pnitidbaayogpgit# zibzci be dbcbv go pniY/T/# mo` go`kiomt mo` dmazitgobtgo Ai~gdb# nmui ngtpbvgdmccw fiiogkobvi` fw tpmpi mo` kbuivoaiopmcmkiodgit# {nb dbotgtpiopcw zcmdizvbegpt be dbvzbvmpgbot mo` ompgbomcgopivitp buiv pni {icc!figok be vitgìopt/ Eyvpnivabvi# vitgìoptnmui fiio gopiopgbomccwagtgoebvai`# mo` nmui cmdli` mowpwzi be vimc ìdgtgbo!amlgok bvioebvdiaiop zb{iv/

[gpn pni vidbkogpgbo be pni gohytpgditzvmdpgdi` fw pngt go`ytpvw# pni vizbvpzvbdii`t pb cbbl mp pni cgeicgoi be bgcmo` pni dboti}yiodit ebv pnidbaayogpgit mvbyo` pni Kyce be Ai~gdb/

Egkyvi 48 Fmtlipfmcc Dbyvp mdvbtt evba Amvmpnbo Viegoivw# Zbvp Mvpnyv# P^


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0

=/ Ebvampgbo !! Bgc gt mebttgc eyic pnmp gt ebvai` buivagccgbot be wimvt evba ìm`bvkmogtat/ Bgc gt m ompyvmcvitbyvdi mo` gt obovioi{mfci/

4/ Pvmotzbvpmpgbo !!oip{bvlt pb cgol pni bgc

zvb`ydgok vikgbot pb dbmtpmcviegoivgit/ Pnivi mvi buiv 6;#957agcit be zgzicgoit go pni Kyce be Ai~gdb abvi pnmo 69:#::: agcitbe zgzicgoit go Pi~mt go m``gpgbo

pb =6 amhbv zbvpt /

Nyamo Gazmdpt8 Pb~gd zbccypgbo go egtn mo`

zcmopt Kmtpvbgopitpgomc gccoittit Ciyliagm Dmodivt Nimvp mo` vitzgvmpbvw gtimti Mtpnam @impnt mo` gohyvgit evba

i~zcbtgbot Mgv# {mpiv mo` tbgc zbccypgbo @itpvydpgbo be egtngok kvbyo`t

mo` {ipcmo`t Zbccypgbo mo` tmcgogxmpgbo be

emvacmo

CGEICGOI BE

BGC

6/ I~pvmdpgbo !! bgc vgkt mviyti` pb zyaz bgc byp be pnikvbyo`# bo cmo` mo` beetnbvi/Pnivi mvi 0#::: bgc zcmpebvat gopni Kyce mo` pnbytmo`t abvibo cmo`/ Bgc i~pvmdpgbo nmttiuivicw hibzmv`gxi` pniiougvboaiop be pni Kyce#{mpiv{mwt# egtn# tbgc# mo` mgv#mt {icc mt pni nimcpn mo`cguicgnbb` be pni dbmtpmcdbaayogpgit/

Gazmdpt8

Bgc tzgcct mo` cimlt I~zcbtgbot Mgv# Tbgc mo` {mpiv

zbccypgbo

0/ Viegoiaiop !! Pni Kyce Dbmtp nmt pni ngknitpdbodiopvmpgbo be viegogok dmzmdgpw go pni {bvc`/ Pnivimvi 5: viegoivgit go pni vikgbo pnmp zvbditt buiv ==fgccgbo fmvvict ziv `mw# mp cimtp 65 go pni Y/T/ mvi obp go

dbazcgmodi {gpn iougvboaiopmc cm{t/ Pniti

pb~gd mgv zbccypmopt mvi fvimpni` fw agccgbot be vitgìopt iuivw`mw/ Zbbv zibzci be dbcbv mvifyvìoi` abtp nimugcw/ Go abtp dmtit# ob fyeeivxboi i~gtpt fip{iio viegoivgit mo` nbytit#tdnbbct# mvlt# ipd/5/ Zb{iv zcmopt#

Dmvt# ipd / Oimvpni io` be pnicgeicgoi gt icidpvgdgpwmo` kmtbcgoi yti``mgcw fw Maivgdmot/Fbpn dbopvgfypi pbtabk mo` mvicgoli` pb mtpnam#

vitzgvmpbvwmgcaiopt# mdg` vmgo#mo` nimvp gtimti/

9/ @gitic Pvydlt !!pvmotzbvp viegoi` bgc evbadbaayogpgit pb kmttpmpgbot# zb{iv zcmopt#ipd/ @gitic iokgoit iagpabvi pnmo 0: pb~gdtyftpmodit/ Pngtzbccypgbo dmytit pgttyi`mamki# mtpnam# dnvbogdcyok gtimti# nimvp`gtimti mo` dmodiv/

;/ Dcgampi Dnmoki Iuivw tpiz be pngt zvbditt iagptkviionbyti kmtit mo` dmvfbo `gb~gìzbccypgbo pnmp {gcc nmui cmtpgok kcbfmcgazmdpt ebv kioivmpgbot/ Dcgampi

Dnmoki vieivt pb pni {mvagok be pnizcmoip# cmvkicw `yi pb pni i~pvmdpgbo mo`fyvogok be bgc mo` ebttgc eyict pnmp dbyc`go`ydi dvbz emgcyvi# emagoit# ecbb`gok#nimcpn gttyit mo` amow bpniviougvboaiopmc# idbobagd mo` tbdgmczvbfciat/

Gazmdp be Dcgampi Dnmoki Mcbok pni Kyce Dbmtp 8

Abvi nimp {muit Vgtgok tim ciuic % ecbb`gok Godvimtit go bypfvimlt be pvbzgdmc `gtimti Dnmokit go {mpiv tyzzcw

Cbtt be dbaaivdgmc egtn % timebb` @idvimti go mkvgdycpyvmc zvb`ydpgbo Godvimti go pvbzgdmc tpbvat Godvimti ciuict be mgv zbccypgbo % tabk Ivbtgbo be fimdnit % {ipcmo`t

Pni zvgamvw bgc!i~pvmdpgbovikgbo be Ai~gdb gt gonmfgpi`

fw amow ìtdio`mopt be Amwm#Bcaidm# mo` Dnbci go`gkiobyt

dbaayogpgit {nb nmui nm` pbkgui yz emvagok# egtngok mo`

pvm`gpgbot fidmyti be pnigazmdpt be pni bgc go`ytpvw/

CGEICGOI BE BGCmo buivugi{

Dcgampi Hytpgdi Dbaayogpgit be dbcbv mvi abvi cglicw pb fi fyvìoi` {gpn zbbv mgv }ymcgpwmo` pnyt iuio abvi uycoivmfci pb dcgampi dnmoki vicmpi` mgcaiopt# nimp!vicmpi` ìmpnt# mo`gccoittit evba gotidp!dmvvgi` `gtimtit/ Cb{!godbai emagcgit mvi citt mfci pb m`mzp pb pni godvimtievi}yiodw be ecbb`t# `vbyknpt mo` egvit# mo` {gcc nmui pb tzio` abvi aboiw bo fmtgd oii`t/

Viegoivgit % Nimcpn8Dbaayogpgit oimv viegoivgit tyeeivevba dmodiv# nimvp gtimti# mtpnam#vitzgvmpbvw mgcaiopt# aivdyvw mo`nimuw aipmc zbgtbogok# i~zcbtgbot#diopvmc oivubyt twtpia gtbvìvt# ipd/


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PNI CGEICGOI % CIKMDW BEPNI BGC GO@YTPVW

Ebvampgbo

Pni fmtgt be bgc gt bvkmogd dmvfbo#{ngdn gt mctb pni fmtgt be mcc cgei/

[nio m}ympgd zcmopt mo` mogamct`gi# pnigv viamgot tgol pb pni fbppbabe pni tim/ Buiv agccgbot be wimvt#mogamc viamgot mvi dbuivi` fwcmwivt be ti`gaiopt mo` i~zbti` pbi~pviai zvittyvi mo` piazivmpyvit/Yoìv divpmgo dbo`gpgbot# pnitiviamgot mvi aipmabvznbtgxi` gopbcg}yg` nw`vbdmvfbot# bv bgc/ Dbmc moòmpyvmc kmt mvi ebvai` go tgagcmvamooivt/ Tcgknp umvgmpgbot gopiazivmpyvi mo` zvittyvi dbo`gpgbotìpivagoi {nipniv pni nw`vbdmvfbo{gcc fi tbcg` .dbmc'# cg}yg` .bgc'# bv kmt.ompyvmc kmt'/

Tgodi pni bvgkgo be dbmc# bgc moòmpyvmc kmt gt pni tlicipbot mo` tnicctbe ìm` amvgoi bvkmogtat# pniw mvidbccidpguicwdmcci` ebttgceyict/ Pb`mw#bgc gt ebyo` govitivubgvt be ti`gaiopmvw

vbdl# m pwzibe vbdl pnmp{mt ebvai`go cmlit# timt#mo` bdimot/Pgow zbvit gopni vbdlmccb{i` pnibgc pb tiiz go# mo` ob{# pni vbdltnbc` pni bgc cgli m tzboki/ Bpnivvbdl cmwivt evba m fcbdlmki pnmp`bit obp mccb{ pni zmttmki be bgc/

Ego`gok

M zvbditt pnmp tpmvpi` agccgbot be wimvt mkb pvmzt bgc yoìvkvbyo`/Pb`mw nyamot yti tdgiodi mo`pidnobcbkw pb itpgampi pni cbdmpgbotbe bgc vitivuit/ Gp goubcuit m tivgit be dbazci~ mo` dbtpcw tpizt pb gìopgewm zbpiopgmc vitivui/ Egvtp# m zbpiopgmctgpi gt gìopgegi`# pni vbdl pitpi` mo`

m pitp!{icc `vgcci`/ Ge bgc gt tpvydl# pnidbvzbvmpgbo mo`"bv kbuivoaiopitpgampit pni tgxi be pni vitivubgvmo` {nipniv bgc i~pvmdpgbo gtdbaaivdgmccw ugmfci# g/i/ zvbegpmfci/Go pni Yogpi` Tpmpit# bgc gt m zvgumpigo`ytpvw# mo` gt b{oi` fw {imcpnw

go`gug`ymct mo` dbvzbvmpgbot#nb{iuiv pniw mvi beeiviì~piotgui tyftg`git .dbvzbvmpi{icemvi' fw eiìvmc mo` tpmpikbuivoaiopt/ Go Ai~gdb# nb{iuiv#pni bgc dbazmow# ZipvcibtAi~gdmobt .Ziai~' gtompgbomcgxi`# aimogok pnikbuivoaiop b{ot mo` dbopvbct pnidbazmow/ Mt {vgppio go Mvpgdci 6;be pni Ai~gdmo dbotpgpypgbo#Ziai~ mctb b{ot mcc pni dbyopvwttyftyvemdi .yoìvkvbyo`'

vitbyvdit/ Pngt zb{iv be iagoiop`bamgo mccb{t Ziai~ pb eviicwzvmdpgdi oyaivbyt mfytit mkmgotpemvaivt# vmodnivt mo` go`gkiobytzibzci/

I~pvmdpgbo

Mepiv m tgpi nmtfiio gìopgegi`#bgc vgkt mvi yti` pbzyaz bgc byp be pni kvbyo` go mamooiv tgagcmv pbzyazgok {mpiv/Pni zyaz gtzb{ivi` fw kmtbv icidpvgdgpw#ytymccw ìvguièvba ioivkw

kioivmpi` fw ebttgc eyic zb{ivzcmopt/ Mt abvi mo` abvi bgc gti~pvmdpi` evba pni {icc# pni zvbdittbe zyazgok fidbait abvi `geegdycp/Pnio# {mpiv amw fi pmlio evba pni

cbdmc m}ygeiv pb `gtzcmdi bgc mo` ebvdigp pb pni tyvemdi/

Bgc vgkt mvi tip yz fbpn bo cmo` mo`beetnbvi/ Pnivi mvi 0#::: bgczcmpebvat bo pni bypiv dbopgoiopmctnice be pni Kyce be Ai~gdb# {ngdnebvat pni cmvkitp mvpgegdgmc viie tpvydpyvi go pni {bvc`/ 0 Zcmpebvatdmo umvw go ìzpn evba m ei{ aipivtpb buiv 0:: aipivt/ Bgc gotpmccmpgbot

go pni Yogpi` Tpmpit zbvpgbo be pniKyce mddbyopt ebv ;4) be pni ompgbotbeetnbvi bgc zvb`ydpgbo/ Pi~mt gt pnioyafiv boi bgc!zvb`ydgok tpmpi mo`Cbygtgmom gt ebvpn/

Go Ai~gdb# pni bgc egic`t dbuiv pnitpmpit be Pmamycgzmt# Uivmdvyx#Pmfmtdb mo` Dmazidni# mt {icc mtpni Dmazidni Fmw# {ngdn gtvitzbotgfci ebv buiv ;9) be Ai~gdbtbgc zvb`ydpgbo/ Go pni tidbo` abtpzvb`ydpgui bgc tpmpi go pni Kyce#Pmfmtdb# pnivi mvi buiv 4#9:: {icct`vgcci` bo cmo`# mfbyp =#6:: pnmp mvitpgcc bzivmpgok/ Pni tpmpi be Uivmdvyxgt nbai pb 6#9:: bgc {icct bo ==6bgcegic`t/9 Bgc i~pvmdpgbo go pni Kyce bAi~gdb mo` pni dbmtpmc tpmpit nmttiuivicw hibzmv`gxi` pniiougvboaiop be pni Kyce# godcy`gok{mpiv{mwt# egtn# tbgc# mo` mgv# gom``gpgbo pb pni nimcpn mo` cguicgnbb`be dbmtpmc mo` go`gkiobytdbaayogpgit/

Pni aivi zvbditt be gotpmccgok pnioidittmvw goevmtpvydpyvi pbyoìvpmli bgc i~pvmdpgbo dmytittgkogegdmop `gtvyzpgbo pb pni mvim/

Pni vbm`t# dmomct# mo` zbvpt oiiì`pb tyzzbvp pngt goevmtpvydpyvi ìtpvbwnbait# emvat# {ipcmo`t# {mpiv{mwtmo` egtngok kvbyo`t/

Aivdyvw Zbccypgbo

Pni Iougvboaiopmc ZvbpidpgboMkiodw .IZM' gìopgegit aivdyvwmo` nimuw aipmc dbopmagompgbo gopni Kyce mt boi be pni zvgamvw

Zbvpvmgp be Dniuvbogo pni Kyce8.=795!=779'

Dniuvbot beetnbvi bgc vgkt nmui nm`8 Mp cimtp =9 fcb{bypt Mp cimtp 59 egvit mo` i~zcbtgbot =0 tgkogegdmop zbccypgbo godgìopt 0: amhbv mddgìopt =7 empmcgpgit 9 zgzicgoi fvimlt# go m``gpgbo pb mo

godgìop go =77> pnmp cimli` 4#:::kmccbot be bgc gopb pni Kyce

Egkyvi 08 0#::: beetnbvi bgc vgkt# cgli pngtboi# dbuiv pni dbmtpcgoi be pni Kyce/


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iougvboaiopmcdbodivot/ 5 Pnitiiciumpi` ciuict be zbccypgbo go pnibypiv dbopgoiopmctnice dmo fi pvmdi`fmdl pb pni beetnbvi

bgc i~pvmdpgbozvbdittit/

Bgc vgkt yti aivdyvw!cmìo ampivgmc {nio`vgccgok/ Pni ay`yti` ebv `vgccgok gtdbazbti` be pni dcmw fmvgpi# {ngdn gt ompyvmccw ngkn goiciaiopmc .gobvkmogd' aivdyvw ciuict/[ngci obvamccw pngt aivdyvw {byc`fi cbdli` go pni kvbyo` ti`gaiopt#pni `vgccgok zvbditt# mo`

dboti}yiopgmc `gtvyzpgbo# nmtvitycpi` go nyo`vi`t be pnbytmo`t be zbyo`t be aivdyvw figok vicimti`gopb pni Kyce buiv pni zmtp 4: wimvt/Pni zcmpebvat mvi pni diopiv be gtcmo`t be aivdyvw zbccypgbo pnmp gtngknitp go m =79!aipiv vm`gyt/Dyvviopcw# aivdyvw ciuict mvifip{iio 0 > zza .zmvpt zivagccgbo' pnmp gt yz pb =6 pgaitmccb{i` .dbotgìvi` tmei' ciuict fwpni IZM/ Aivdyvw ciuict nmui tnb{opb tpmw ngkn ebv =6 wimvt mepivmfmo`boaiop be pni bgc!`vgccgok tgpi/;

Pni dboti}yiodit i~pio` fiwbo`tgazcw dbopmagompgbo be pni Kyce {mpivt/ Pni bgc zcmpebvat ebva momvpgegdgmc viie# {ngdn mdpt mt m egtn!mppvmdpgok bmtgt/ Ngkn egtn iotgpw.dbodiopvmpgbo' gt ebyo` yz pb 9:aipivt evba imdn zcmpebva/ > @iotgpgit amw fi 9 pb 9: pgaitngkniv go pni m`hmdiop pb pnizcmpebvat pnmo 9: aipivt m{mw/ 7

Pni ngkn dbodiopvmpgbo be egtn# amow{ngdn mvi dbaaivdgmc umvgipgit# gtcbdmpi` {icc {gpngo pni vgok be aivdyvw zbccypgbo/

Pngt tdiomvgb zvbugìt gìmcdbo`gpgbot ebv pni dbouivtgbo be iciaiopmc aivdyvw pbaipnwcaivdyvw# m `mokivbytoiyvbpb~go# pnvbykn pni zvbditt be

fgbamkogegdmpgbo/ Tgodi pnizcmpebvat obp bocw mppvmdp cmvki egtn#fyp agccgbot be pgow amvgoibvkmogtat# tbai be {ngdn dbouivpiciaiop aivdyvw pnvbykn m ompyvmcaidnmogta/ Pniti pgow bvkmogtatmvi dbotyai` fw tcgknpcw cmvkivamvgoi cgei# zvbditt pnmp dbopgoyit yzpni ebb` dnmgo/ Tgodi boi cmvkiv egtnimpt amow tamcciv egtn# pni ciuict be zbccypgbo go pni cmvkiv egtn {gcc fikvimpiv pnmo pni ciuict go imdngo`gug`ymc tamcciv egtn/

Pnyt# fw pngt zvbditt# amow egtn pnmpnyamot dbotyai# {ngdn mvi ngkn bopni ebb` dnmgo# dbopmgo iciumpi`ciuict be aipnwcaivdyvw/ Tpy`gitgo`gdmpi pnmp tiuivmc tmazcit be egtn#tydn mt mafivhmdl# cgok mo` viègtn#dbopmgo ciuict be aipnwcaivdyvw pnmpi~dii` pni pnvitnbc` mp {ngdnnyamo dbotyazpgbo mùgtbvgitvi}ygvi/ =:

Pni egtn!dbotyagok dbmtpmczbzycmpgbot mcbok pni Kyce pitpzbtgpgui ebv `mokivbyt ciuict be aivdyvw .yz pb == pgait pni tmeicgagp be = zza' go nmgv tmazcit/Dyvviopcw pnivi gt ob twtpiampgd

ieebvp pb pitp egtn bv vitgìopt ebv tmeiciuict be aivdyvw/

Pngt dbopmagompgbo`gtzvbzbvpgbompicw meeidptdbaayogpgit ìzioìop bo egtn mo`tniccegtn ebv zvbpigo# godcy`gok amowgo`gkiobyt dbaayogpgit mo` cbdmcegtnivebcl/ Pni bgc go`ytpvw nmtyoìvagoi` pni idbobagd fmti mo`

pvm`gpgbomc dycpyvi be amowdbaayogpgit# mo` dmyti` mtbyvdi be cguicgnbb` moòypvgpgbo pb fidbai mtbyvdi zbgtbo/ Pni nyamooivubyt twtpia gt uivwtiotgpgui pb mcc ebvat be

aivdyvw/ Aipnwcaivdyvwvimdnit pni fvmgo mo` dmovitycp go zivamoiop`mamki pb pni fvmgo#lgòiwt# mo` ìuicbzgokeipyt/ Twazpbat amwgodcyì gvvgpmfgcgpw# tnwoitt#pviabvt# dnmoki go ugtgbo bv

nimvgok mo` aiabvw zvbfciat/ ==

Nw`vbdmvfbo Zbccypgbo

[ngci nw`vbdmvfbot# g/i/ bgc# mvi

ebvai` pnvbykn m ompyvmc zvbditt#pniw mvi kioivmccw dbopmgoi`fip{iio cmwivt be obo!zbvbyt vbdlmo` obp i~zbti` pb tyvemdi cmo` bv{mpiv/ Pni i~pvmdpgbo zvbditt#nb{iuiv# gt lob{o ebv gpt `mokivbytmddgìopt# tydn mt i~zcbtgbot# cimlt#

tzgcct mo` mddgìopmc `gtdnmvkit/Nw`vbdmvfbot `b obp `gttbcui go

{mpiv# pnyt pni zmvpgdcit ebva cmwivtbuiv tbgc mo` go {mpiv pnmp mvi uivw`geegdycp pb viabui/ Pni evi}yiodw be mddgìopt obp bocw tiuivicwdbazvbagtit {bvlivtnimcpn mo` tmeipw# fyp mctb

dbazvbagtit pni cbdmc iougvboaiopmo` dbaayogpw nimcpn/ Pnivi nmuifiio buiv 6:: ìmpnt mo` dvgzzcgoktbe {bvlivt bo bgc {icct go Pmfmtdb

Dnmvp =/ Aivdyvw Ciuict go pni Kyce be Ai~gdb

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Nimcpn Gazmdpt go Mvimt {gpnZipvbciya Gotpmccmpgbot8

Kmtpvbgopitpgomc gccoittit Ciyliagm# zmvpgdycmvcw goemopgciciyliagm

Pb~gd dbopmagompgbo be egtnmo` zcmopt

Nimvp gtimti Vitzgvmpbvw gtimti @vgolgok {mpiv dbopmagompgbo Zbccypgbo % tmcgogxmpgbo beemvacmo`

@impnt % gohyvgit evbai~zcbtgbot


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mcboi# {ngci pngt tpmpit zipvbciyagotpmccmpgbot muivmki buiv =:: tzgcctmo` cimlt m abopn/ =6

M vizbvp ìpmgci` fw Bgc[mpdnAi~gdb obpit pnmp evi}yiop mddgìoptfw Ziai~ {gcc

dbopgoyi8[ngci pni diopvmcbfhidpgui be Ziai~dbopgoyit figok pbi~pvmdp pniam~gaya zbttgfcimabyop be zipvbciya mp mowdbtp< {ngci pniw dbopgoyi pb ebvdiabvi bgc goevmtpvydpyvi pnmo {nmp gtpidnogdmccw vimtbomfci {ngci pnivi`bit obp i~gtp pvyi zbcgpgdmc obvat be go`ytpvgmc tmeipw pniti dmtit \be

mddgìopt# i~zcbtgbot# mo` ìmpntQ{gcc dbopgoyi pb nmzzio/ =4

Mddgìopt# cimlt mo` tzgcct evbazgzicgoit# tngzt mo` viegoivgit mctbdbopvgfypi pb pni zvbfcia be nw`vbdmvfbo dbopmagompgbo/

Tpy`git go Pmfmtdb tnb{ pnmpbgc!vicmpi` zbccypgbo go pbztbgc gt=6:!=>: zza .zmvp ziv agccgbo'{ngci mddizpi` tmei ciuict mvifip{iio :/9!= zza/ PniPbomcm Vguiv xboi# zvgamvgcwgonmfgpi` fw Dnbopmc zibzcit# gtvikgtpivi` mt boi be pni abtpdbopmagompi` tgpit go pni{bvc`# aimtyvgok ciuict be abvipnmo 6::: zza be bgc zbccypgbogo pni tbgc/ Pngt zbbv#amvkgomcgxi` dbaayogpw nmtm``gpgbomccw fiio pni `yazgokkvbyo` be {mtpi evba pni bgcgo`ytpvw# Ziai~# {nb nmt i~ngfgpi`m fcmpmop `gtvikmv` ebv pni zibzcit

go pngt tamcc vikgbo {gpn buiv 5;amhbv vizbvpi` bgc tzgcct/ Go Pmfmtdbmcboi mzzvb~gampicw >:: nidpmvit.7>:: mdvit' be ihg`b .dbaayomccmo`' mo` tamccnbcìv cmo` nmt fiioìtpvbwi` fw nw`vbdmvfbo vitg`yit/Gp gt itpgampi` go pni vikgbo be Obdmhydm# pni gazmdpt be pni bgcgo`ytpvw nmt dmyti` m 5:) ìdvimtigo mkvgdycpyvmc zvb`ydpgbo/=0

Zbcwoydcimv Mvbampgd Nw`vbdmvfbot

M zmvpgdycmv pb~gd kvbyz be nw`vbdmvfbot gt pni zbcwoydcimvmvbampgd nw`vbdmvfbot .ZMNt'# pnmpmvi vicimti` bopb cmo` mo` gopb pni

Kyce pnvbykn mddgìopt

mo` tzgcct/ ZMNt mvinmxmv`byt pb~got {gpn{icc!`bdyaiopi`dmvdgobkiogd moàypmkiogd zvbzivpgit#mo` mvi cgoli` pbtpbamdn# cyok mo`tlgo dmodiv mt {icc mt

pb fgvpn ieidpt/ Tpy`git go pniDmazidni Fmw mvim viuimc ngkncwiciumpi` ZMNt ciuict go pni pgttyit be bwtpivt# iuio go pni ìdcmvi`zvbpidpi` xboi {nivi pni bwtpivt mvi

vbypgoicw emvai` ebv nyamodbotyazpgbo/ Pni cbdmc zbzycmpgbotmvi mctb ngkncw ìzioìop bo pngtvikgbo mt m oyvtivw mo` eii`gok mvimebv umvgbyt egtn# tnvgaz mo` bwtpivtzidgit/ Pni fgbmddyaycmpgbo be ZMNt gt mctb mzzmviop go egtn mo`

timebb`/ Pni dboti}yiodit nmuifiio pb~gd ebb` tbyvdit mo` tiuivicbtt be amvgoi cgei mo` amhbvìzcipgbo be cbdmc ebb` vitbyvdit/ =9

Nimuw Aipmct

Dvyì bgc gt obp zyvicw nw`vbdmvfbot.pnmp gt dbazbti` bocw be nw`vbkiomo` dmvfbo' fyp gt vmpniv mo gazyviag~pyvi {gpn gobvkmogd dbazboiopt#godcy`gok pvmdi nimuw aipmct/Nyamo i~zbtyvi pb agoypidbodiopvmpgbot be nimuw aipmct dmo

dmyti tiuivi nimcpn!vicmpi`zvbfciat# zmvpgdycmvcw dmodiv/ Gvbo#xgod# ogdlic mo` umom`gya dbazbtipni amhbvgpw be pni nimuw aipmctebyo` go dvyì bgc/ Yzbo i~pvmdpgbobe bgc mo` mddgìopmc ìzbtgpgbo botyvemdi ti`gaiopt# fmdpivgmc!fmti`

zvbdittit vigodbvzbvmpi pni nimuwaipmct gopb pni tbgc mo` pnyt dmozbccypi pni tbgc/ Tydn tbgcdbopmagompgbo dmo dmyti mfgbmddyaycmpgbo be nimuw aipmczbccypgbo go dvbzt kvb{o go bgc!zvb`ydgok vikgbot/ Ebb` tbyvdittydn mt uikipmfcit# kvmgot# evygpt# egtnmo` tniccegtn dmo fidbaidbopmagompi` fw mddyaycmpgokaipmct evba tyvvbyo`gok tbgc mo`{mpiv/=5

Nimuw aipmct dmyti tivgbyt nimcpnieeidpt# godcy`gok vi`ydi` kvb{pnmo` ìuicbzaiop# dmodiv# bvkmo`mamki# oivubyt twtpia `mamki#mo` go i~pviai dmtit# impn/ Aipmctmvi zmvpgdycmvcw pb~gd pb pniìuicbzgok twtpiat be m eipyt# goemopt

mo` wbyok dngc`vio/ Dngc`nbbì~zbtyvi pb aipmct dmo vitycp gocimvogok `geegdycpgit# aiabvwgazmgvaiop# `mamki pb pnioivubyt twtpia mo` finmugbvmczvbfciat tydn mt mkkvittguioittmo` nwzivmdpgugpw/=;

Mdg` Vmgo % Tmcp![mpiv Gopvytgbo

Pni bgc go`ytpvw mo` bgc zvb`ydptabvibuiv mvi pni amgo tbyvdi be pni zvidyvtbvw dbazbyo`t pnmpdmyti mdg` vmgo/ Tiuiopw!eguizivdiop be pni vmgo go pnitbypnivo Ai~gdmo Kyce vikgbo gt

ebyo` pb fi ngkncw mdg`gd {ngdn cim`tpb mdg` ìzbtgpgbo go pni tbgc mo`

{mpiv{mwt/ Mdg` vmgo dbopvgfypit pbumvgbyt vitzgvmpbvw zvbfciat tydn mtmtpnam# mt {icc mt pni ìzcipgbo be oypvgiopt evba tbgc mo` ìmpn be amvgoi cgei/=> Pni i~pvmdpgbo be bgc godbmtpmc vikgbot eyvpnivabvi `gtvyzptmo` dbopmagompit pni `vgolgok{mpiv tyzzcw/ Mt bgc gt i~pvmdpièvba pni kvbyo`# gp cimuit m ubg`mo` dvimpit m umdyya pnmp tydlt gotmcp {mpiv# {ngdn gt bepio mctb

Egkyvi 98 Pni bodi eivpgci egtngok kvbyo` be Dmazidni Fmw# Ai~gdb gt ob{ zbgtboi` {gpnaivdyvw# cim` mo` nw`vbdmvfbo dbopmagompgbo

Ziai~ @vgccgok Mdpgugpgitgo =77> dmyti`8

6> tivgbyt mddgìopt =; impnt 6: tivgbyt gohyvgit 0#::: vitgìopt pb fi

iumdympi`


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dbopmagompi` {gpn fbpnnw`vbdmvfbot mo` nimuw aipmct/Dboti}yiopcw# dbopmagompi` tmcp{mpiv iopivt `baitpgd `vgolgok {icctmo` m}ygeivt/ Pni gopvytgbo be tmcp!{mpiv eyvpnivabvi dmytit pnitmcgogxmpgbo be mkvgdycpyvmc cmo`#

vioìvgok pni mvim goeivpgci pb dvbzzvb`ydpgbo/

Cbdmc ebb` vitbyvdit pnmp obyvgtncbdmc tyftgtpiodi emvaivt# egtnivebclmo` go`gkiobyt dbaayogpgit go pnibgc!zvb`ydgok Ai~gdmo Kyce tpmpitdbopgoyi pb fi tiuivicw ìzcipi`mo` zbgtboi` {gpn yotmei ciuict be nimuw aipmct mo` nw`vbdmvfbot/

Pvmotzbvpmpgbo

Bgc gotpmccmpgbot oiuiv bddyv gogtbcmpgbo# fyp vi}ygvi mo i~piotguioip{bvl be gopvgdmpi goevmtpvydpyvi pbtyzzbvp pni zvbditt/ Go Pmfmtdb# mtpmpi be citt pnmo 6 agccgbo zibzci#pni 4#9>> {icct `vgcci` .=#:=4bzivmpgok' vi}ygvi oyaivbytmvpgegdgmc dmomct# oyaivbyt zcmpebvatmo` pvmot!tngzaiop tpmpgbot# 5#>0:agcit be zgzicgoit pivagompgok mp pnizbvp be @bt Fbdmt# mo` pnviizipvbdniagdmc dbazci~it/ =7 Pni bgcvidbuivi` evba pni kvbyo` gt dvyìbgc# {ngdn aytp fi pvmotzbvpi` pbviegoivgit pb zvb`ydi dbotyamfcizvb`ydpt/ Zvb`ydpgbo {icct mvi pniogotpmcci` mo` zgzicgoit mvimttiafci` pb pvmotzbvp pni bgc pb

diopvmc zbgopt ebv eyvpnivtngzaiop/ Pni zvgamvwaimot be pvmotzbvp mvizgzicgoit mo` tngzt/

Pnivi gt mo i~piotguioip{bvl be zgzicgoit

pnvbykn pni Kyce Dbmtpyti` pb pvmotzbvp fbpndvyì mo` viegoi` bgc8 6;#957 agcit be zgzicgoit go pni Kyce be Ai~gdb

Abvi pnmo 69:#:::agcit be zgzicgoit goPi~mt .="5 be mcc Y/T/zgzicgoit'

Abvi pnmo 4#09: agcitbe zgzicgoit goCbygtgmom hytp ebv dvyìbgc6:

Zgzicgoit# zmvpgdycmvcwbcìv zgzicgoit# mvi zvboipb mddgìopt mo` tzgcct/ Go=776# abvi pnmo nmce be pni bgc tzgcci` go pniYogpi` Tpmpit ! 96/9)!dmai evba zgzicgoit/ Gp gti~zidpi` pnmp cbokzgzicgoit .=#::: agcit bvabvi' {gcc i~zivgiodi mvizbvpmfci .g/i/tgkogegdmop' mddgìopiuivw wimv/ Go Pi~mt#fip{iio =7>0 mo` =777#pnivi {ivi =#590 mddgìopt#{ngdn lgcci` 05# gohyvi`

447 mo` dmytiòimvcw =4> agccgbo go `mamki/6=

Bgc tzgcct dmo bddyv emv m{mwevba pni mdpymc tbyvdi# mo`pnyt# eyvpniv i~pio`t pnioyafiv be dbaayogpgit mo`

idbtwtpiat gazmdpi` fw pni bgcgo`ytpvw/ Vieiv pb pni tidpgbomfbui ebv pni nyamo moìougvboaiopmc gazmdpt be nw`vbdmvfbo dbopmagompgboevba bgc tzgcct/

Tngzzgok

Pni Kyce gptice gt boi be pni {bvc`+tabtp dbodiopvmpi` bdimo tngzzgokmvimt/ Amhbv zbvp emdgcgpgit mvivi}ygvi` pb mddbaab`mpi pni bgcfmvkit pnmp dbai pb cmo`/ Zbvptdbotyai m umtp mvim mo`# pwzgdmccw#mvi ngkncw zvbpidpi` mo` agcgpmvgxi`/Tg~pw!ogoi zivdiop be tngzzgokpboomki pnmp zmttit pnvbykn pniKyce zbvpt mo` nmvfbvt mvizipvbciya mo` dniagdmc zvb`ydpt/ 66 Go pni Kyce Dbmtp vikgbo# pnivi mvitiuivmc amhbv zbvpt pnmp godcyì8Egkyvi 58 [mvogok tgkot ebv zgzicgoit dbuiv

dbaayogpgit oimv bgc gotpmccmpgbot

Tbyvdi8 @muiozbvp# Dnvgtpgmo/ .=5 Mzvgc 6:::'/ MytpgoMaivgdmo!Tpmpitamo


11/26

7

@bt Fbdmt# Pmfmtdb Dbmpxmdbmcdbt# Uivmdvyx Uivmdvyx# Uivmdvyx Pmazgdb# Pmamycgzmt Dbvzyt Dnvgtpg# P^ Fimyabop# P^ Nbytpbo# P^

Zbvp Mvpnyv# P^ Fmpbo Vbyki# Cbygtgmom Oi{ Bvcimot# Cbygtgmom Abfgci# Mcmfmam Kyce Zbvp# Agttgttgzzg

Igknp!egui zivdiop be pni dvyì bgci~pvmdpi` go Ai~gdb .mfbyp 4 agccgbofmvvict m `mw' gt pvmotzbvpi` pb pniY/T/ Kyce tpmpit ebv viegogok/ [ngciAi~gdb gt pni fgkkitp tyzzcgiv pb pniKyce zbvpt# tgkogegdmop mabyopt be dvyì bgc mctb mvvguit evba Gvm}#Tmy`g Mvmfgm# Ogkivgm moÙioixyicm/ 64 Tgodi fmvkit dmvvw tydnumtp }ymopgpgit be bgc# tzgcct evba bgcpmolivt nmui ìumtpmpgok mo` cbok!cmtpgok ieeidpt bo pni Kyce mo` pnidbmtpmc mvimt/

Zipvbciya Tpbvmki Pmolt

Tgpympi` go viegoivw dbazci~it goamttgui kvbyzt be =: pb 9: bv abvimvi pmol emvat/ Imdn cmvki pmolnbc`t nyo`vi`t be pnbytmo`t be

kmccbot be dvyì bgc mo` viegoi`zvb`ydpt cgli kmtbcgoi# livbtioi mo``gitic eyic/ Mcabtp mcc viegoivw pmolemvat mvi cbdmpi` go vitgìopgmcdbaayogpgit# bo pni bpniv tgì be mvbm` bv eiodi evba nbytit# zmvlt mo`tdnbbct/ Pnivi mvi ei{ vikycmpgbot bvgotzidpgbot be tydn tpbvmki pmoltìtzgpi pni nmxmv`t pniw zbti pbdbaayogpgit mo` nimcpn/ Zbbv

iougvboaiopmc mo` tmeipw zvmdpgditcim` pb oi{ bgc tzgcct# mo` pnyt#{gìtzvim` dbopmagompgbo be tbgc#{mpiv mo` mgv/ Kvbyo`{mpivdbopmagompgbo gt }ygpi dbaabo/Zbccypmopt bepio vimdn `vgolgok{mpiv# zbccypgok {icct mo` m}ygeivt#mo` godcyì pni dmvdgobkiot fioxioimo` pbcyioi/ [mpiv vyobee evbatpbvat dmo dmvvw zipvbciyazvb`ydpt# dmyti ivbtgbo mo` nmva pboimvfw cmo` mo` {mpiv/

Pni Pi~mt Dbaagttgbo boIougvboaiopmc ]ymcgpw tpmpit pnmpmt be Eifvymvw 6::4# pni mkiodwnm` fiio obpgegi` be 64#64; cimlgokzipvbciya tpbvmki pmolt/ Be pngtpbpmc# >#9:> {ivi dboegvai` pb nmuimeeidpi` kvbyo`{mpiv/ 60 Pniti

oyafivt aivicw viecidp ubcyopmvgcwvizbvpi` `mpm/ Pni Y/T/Iougvboaiopmc Zvbpidpgbo Mkiodwitpgampit pnmp oimvcw boi byp be iuivw ebyv tpbvmki pmolt go pniYogpi` Tpmpit amw fi cimlgok/

Dbopmagompi` `vgolgok {mpiv mo`pb~gd eyait evba zipvbciyadbazbyo`t dmo dmyti nim`mdnit#omytim# vitzgvmpbvw zvbfciat moùmvgbyt dmodivt/ Dbopmagompi`kvbyo`{mpiv dmo cim` pbdbopmagompi` mgv# {ngdn mctb dmo

dmyti tivgbyt nimcpn zvbfciat#itzidgmccw go dngc`vio# pni icìvcwmo` pnbti {gpn i~gtpgok vitzgvmpbvwmgcaiopt/ Go m``gpgbo# pmol emvatmvi zvboi pb pb~gd mddgìopt tydn mtamhbv tzgcct# egvit mo` i~zcbtgbot/

Pb~gd eyait vitycpgok evba cmvkipmol tzgcct mvi mctb mttbdgmpi` {gpnnimcpn zvbfciat# godcy`gok dnvbogdvitzgvmpbvw zvbfciat/ 69

Viegoiaiop

Tngzt mo` zgzicgoit dmvvw pni dvyìbgc i~pvmdpi` evba pni kvbyo` pbviegoivgit go bvìv pb zvbditt pni bgcgopb ytimfci ebvat cgli kmtbcgoi#nimpgok bgc mo` go`ytpvgmc dniagdmct/M pwzgdmc viegoivw dbotgtpt be m nykidbazci~ be amow go`ytpvgmc emdgcgpgitpnmp viegoit mo` zvbdittit dvyì bgc/Viegoiaiop kioivmccw bddyvt go mnyki zipvbdniagdmc go`ytpvgmc zmvlpnmp obp bocw viegoit pni bgc# fypzvbdittit fg!zvb`ydpt gopb umvgbytdniagdmct oiiì` ebv eivpgcgxivt#zcmtpgdt# mtznmcp# ipd/ M pwzgdmcviegoivw dbtpt fgccgbot be `bccmvt pbfygc` mo` agccgbot abvi pb amgopmgomo` yzkvmì/ Gp vyot 60 nbyvt m `mw#459 `mwt m wimv# amw bddyzw tiuivmc

Egkyvi 78 I~~boAbfgc+t Pmol Emva dbopmagompgok pni `vgolgok {mpiv mo`vicimtgok pb~gd eyait bo pni dbaayogpw be Fmwpb{o# P^

Egkyvi >8 Bgc tpbvmki pmolt go pnifmdlwmv` be nbait# Dbvzyt Dnvgtpg# P^

Egkyvi ;8 Bgc Fmvki pnmp mvvgui `mgcw mp pni ZyfcgdZbvp be Zbvp Mvpnyv# P^ pb ìcguiv agccgbot be kmccbot be dvyì bgc


12/26

=:

nyo`vi` ebbpfmcc!tgxi` egic`t mo`dmo iazcbw mt amow mt 6#:::{bvlivt/ Pniti go`ytpvgmc dbazci~it

mvi cbdmpi` go oigknfbvnbb`t# bepioiokycegok mo` tyvvbyo`gok iopgvidbaayogpgit/ Pni zcmdiaiop be viegoivgit mcbok pni Y/T/ Kyce Dbmtpnmzzioi` fiebvi pni dgugc vgknpt bviougvboaiopmc abuiaiop/ Bgcdbazmogit pmvkipi` amvkgomcgxi`mo` zb{ivcitt dbaayogpgit .zbbvzibzci be dbcbv'# {gpn kbuivoaiopdbazcmdiodw# pb tgpi pniti pb~gd mo`ìm`cw go`ytpvgit/

Go uivw kioivmc pivat# pni zvbditt be

viegogok dbazvbagtit pni nimcpn be pni iazcbwiit fw i~zbtyvi pbzipvbciya zvb`ydpt .nw`vbdmvfbot'#tbcuiopt .pb~gd dniagdmct pnmp `gttbcuityftpmodit'# pvimpaiop dniagdmct#aipmct# tgcgdm"mtfitpbt# obgti# ngknpiazivmpyvit mo` ZDFt.zbcwdncbvgompi` fgzniowct'/ Pnityvvbyo`gok dbaayogpw gt i~zbti`pb zipvbciya zvb`ydpt# tbcuiopt#nimuw aipmct# pb~gd mgv zbccypgbo#tabk mo` obgti/ Pniti `mgcw nmxmv`t`b obp mddbyop ebv i~zcbtgbot# tzgcctmo` bpniv mddgìopt/

Bgc Viegoivgit % Mgv Zbccypgbo

Aydn be pni pb~gd iagttgbot evbaviegoivgit mvi ubcmpgci bvkmogddbazbyo`t .UBDt'# m dmpikbvw be zbccypmopt pnmp godcyìt tabk mo`bxboi dbazbyo`t# mt {icc mt amowdmvdgobkiot mo` oiyvbpb~got/ Tpy`git

go`gdmpi pnmp ciuict be bvkmogd pb~gotmvbyo` m viegoivw mvi 0 pb 6: pgaitngkniv pnmo mgv go m tyfyvfmo mvim

{gpnbyp viegoivgit/65

Viegoivgit go pniYogpi` Tpmpit mvi pni tgokci cmvkitptpmpgbomvw tbyvdi be UBDt/6; Obptyvzvgtgok# pni mvimt be pni Yogpi`Tpmpit pnmp mvi byp be dbazcgmodi{gpn mgv }ymcgpw tpmo`mv`t bepiodbgodgì {gpn dbodiopvmpi` pb~gd nbptzbpt be bgc viegoivgit# go zmvpgdycmvpni Kyce Tpmpit/ Viegoivgit mvi pniebyvpn cmvkitp tbyvdi be pb~gdiagttgbot vizbvpi` pb pni IZM#pnbykn tgkogegdmopmabyopt be pb~gdiagttgbot kbyovizbvpi`/ 6> GoAi~gdb# pnikbuivoaiopiougvboaiopmcmkiodw# ZVBEIZM#dmcci` pni bgcdbazmow# Ziai~#mo` gpt viegoivgit pni`gvpgitp mgv zbccypivgo Ai~gdb/67 Pnimvim fip{iioAgompgpcmo mo`Dbmpxbdbmcdbttyeeivt evba tiuivimgv zbccypgbo/M``gpgbomccw# gopivat be mpabtznivgdiagttgbot# bgcviegoivgit go pniYogpi` Tpmpit mvipni84:

=tp cmvkitp go`ytpvgmc tbyvdi be fioxioi # m dmvdgobkio

6o` cmvkitp go`ytpvgmc tbyvdi be ~wcioit {ngdn ìzvitt pnidiopvmc oivubyt twtpia# `mamkilgòiwt mo` vitzgvmpbvw twtpia#mo` aipnwc ipnwc lipboi

6o`

cmvkitp go`ytpvgmc tbyvdi be tyceyv `gb~gì iagttgbot# {ngdndbopvgfypit pb vitzgvmpbvwmgcaiopt mo` mdg` vmgo

4v` cmvkitp go`ytpvgmc tbyvdi be pbcyioi # m dmvdgobkio

4v` cmvkitp go`ytpvgmc tbyvdi be ogpvgd b~gìt .OB~'# m zvidyvtbvpb tabk mo` mdg` vmgo

0pn cmvkitp go`ytpvgmc tbyvdi be zvgamvw zmvpgdycmpi amppiv iagttgbot# cgoli` pb pgttyi

`mamki# mtpnam# dnvbogd cyok`gtimti# nimvp `gtimti# mo`dmodiv

Tgkogegdmop tbyvdi be ipnwcfioxioi# 6#6#0!pvgaipnwcziopmoi# ni~moi#dvitbct# APFI# amzpncioi #mo` zniobc# amow {ngdn mvidmvdgobkiot

Pnvii fmtgd tpizt go viegogok bzivmpgbot8

=/ dvyì bgc gt tizmvmpi` gopb gpt umvgbyt dniagdmcdbazboiopt ugm m dbazci~ nimpgok zvbditt/ Pni bgc gt vyo pnvbyknmo i~piotgui oip{bvl be zgzit pnmp geeiviopgmpit pni dbazboioptfw {igknp/ Pni cgknpitp zvb ydp# kmtbcgoi# gt vidbuivi` mp pnicb{itp piazivmpyvit# pnio pni hip eyict mo` nimpgok bgct# moègomccw pni nimugitp zvb`ydpt cgli vitg`ymc eyic bgc vidbuivi` mp pningknitp piazivmpyvit# bepio mfbui =::: E/ Pmcc dbcyaot vicimti

umzbvt# kmtit# mo` zbccypmopt gopb pni mgv/6/ dbazboiopt mvi fvblio b{o mo` zyvgegi` gopb

cgknp nw`vbdmvfbo abcidycit/ Gotgì nyki fyccip!tnmzi # pngdl!{mcci` dbopmgoivt dmcci` vimdpbvt# nimp mo` piazivmpyvi gt mzzcgi`pb eyvpniv viegoi pni bgc go m zvbditt dmcci` dvmdlgok/

4/ Dniagdmct# dmcci` m``gpguit# mvi dbafgoi` {gpn pninw`vbdmvfbo abcidycit go tzidgegd fcio`t pb zvb`ydi umvgbytkvmìt be eyict# bdpmoi ciuict# mo` umzbv zvittyvi vmpgokt/

Egkyvi =:8 Cwboìcc!Dgpkb Viegoivw go Nbytpbo# P^vicimtit buiv ;::#::: zbyo`t be zbccypmopt m wimv


13/26

==

Tgkogegdmop tbyvdi be aipnmoi #m zbpiop kviionbyti kmt pnmpdmyti dcgampi dnmoki 4=

Cmdl be lob{ci`ki mfbyp pni pbpmcdbafgoi` nyamo nimcpn gazmdpt be `mgcw i~zbtyvi pb tydn m nmvaeyc

mvvmw be pb~got go mttbvpi` ag~pyvitnmt dvimpi` m `mokivbyti~zivgaiop bddyvvgok iuivw`mw pbdbaayogpgit# tdnbbcdngc`vio mo`pni viegoivw {bvlivt/

PNI BGC VIEGOGOK DMZGPBCBE PNI [BVC@

Pni Kyce Dbmtp gt fw emv pni cimìv goviegogok dmzmdgpw# {gpn abvi pnmop{gdi pni dvyì bgc `gtpgccmpgbodmzmdgpw mt mow bpniv Yogpi` Tpmpitvikgbo/ Pni vikgbo mdpt mt m kcbfmcnyf ebv aycpgompgbomc bgcdbvzbvmpgbot pb bzivmpi mo` zbccypi/Bgc gt viegoi` evba Ai~gdb#Uioixyicm# Gvm}# Tmy`g Mvmfgm# moÒgkivgm mabok bpnivt/ Pni Kyce Dbmtp nmt pni ngknitp dbodiopvmpgbobe tbzngtpgdmpi` emdgcgpgit go pni {bvc`/Viegoi` zvb`ydpt evba pni Kyce mvitngzzi` fbpn pb pni Imtp Dbmtp.tyzzcwgok abvi pnmo nmce be pnmpvikgbo+t oii`t ebv cgknp zvb`ydpt cgli

kmtbcgoi# nimpgok bgc# `gitic# mo` hip

eyic' mo` pb pni Ag`{itp .tyzzcwgokabvi pnmo 6: zivdiop be pni vikgbo+tcgknp zvb`ydp dbotyazpgbo'/ 46

Pni Kyce go Oyafivt

Pnivi mvi 9= viegoivgit bzivmpgok gopni Kyce Tpmpit byp be m pbpmc =04 gopni Yogpi` Tpmpit# go m``gpgbo pb 5 goAi~gdb/ Mcabtp nmce be pni cmvkiemdgcgpgit .viegoi abvi pnmo 9:#:::fmvvict ziv `mw' go pni Y/T/ mvicbdmpi` go pni Kyce# tyzivdbodiopvmpi` go imtpivo Pi~mt mo`tbypnivo Cbygtgmom/ Pni Kyce tpmpiviegoivgit nmui pni dmzmdgpw pbzvbditt 7/:9 agccgbo fmvvict ziv `mw.f"`'# mzzvb~gampicw 5:) be Y/T/viegogok dmzmdgpw be =5/9 agccgbofmvvict ziv `mw/44 Mp cimtp 65

viegoivgit mvigo obo!dbazcgmodi{gpn IZMtpmo`mv`t# =9be {ngdn mvicbdmpi` godbaayogpgitbe dbcbv/40 5/9agccgbo Pi~motcgui go dbyopw{gpn mp cimtp

boi viegoivw#go bpniv {bv`t#mcabtp boi!pngv` be pnitpmpitzbzycmpgbo/Tgagcmvcw#mfbyp 4:) be Cbygtgmomotcgui go m

dbyopw {gpn mp cimtp boi viegoivw/49 Buiv =6 agccgbo zibzci go Ai~gdb cguigo pni ebyv zvgamvw bgc zvb`ydgokmo` viegogok tpmpit/ [ngci Ai~gdb gtzvgamvgcw mo bgc i~pvmdpgbo tpmpi# pKyce vikgbo gt nbai pb 5 bzivmpgokviegoivgit pnmp zvbditt =/969 agccgbo

f"`/

Oyafiv beBgc Viegoivgit

Pi~mt 6;Cbygtgmom =;

Agttgttgzzg 0Mcmfmam 4Ai~gdb 5Pbpmc8 9;

Pni Pb~gd Dbmtp

Mcc go`ytpvgit go pni Yogpi` Tpmpit mvivi}ygvi` pb vizbvp pnigviougvboaiopmc gazmdp fw vidbv`gokiagttgbot pb mgv# {mpiv mo` tbgc/ PniIZM amgopmgot m `mpmfmti be pngtgoebvampgbo dmcci` pni pb~gd vicimtigouiopbvw .PVG'# {ngdn gt i}ygumcioppb pni oyafiv be zbyo`t ziv wimv be umvgbyt vikycmpi` dniagdmct pnmpmvi vicimti` mt mgv iagttgbot# tyvemdi{mpiv `gtdnmvkit# yoìvkvbyo`gohidpgbot# mo` vicimtit pb cmo`/ Pni`mpm godcyìt buiv 59: dniagdmct#{ngdn mvi dniagdmct pnmp# go divpmgo}ymopgpgit# nmui pni zbpiopgmc pbdmyti nmvaeyc nyamo nimcpngazmdpt/ Pni `mpm mctb godcyìt pb~gdzbccypmopt# {ngdn mvi dniagdmctlob{o pb nmui pni zbpiopgmc pbdmyti tivgbyt mùivti nimcpn ieeidpt#tydn mt dmodiv# oiyvbpb~gdgpw bvvizvb`ydpgui pb~gdgpw/

Pni PVG ebv mcc bgc viegoivgit.godcy`gok pni mppmdni`zipvbdniagdmc dbazci~it' go Pi~mt#Cbygtgmom# Mcmfmam moÀgttgttgzzg gt 4;/9 agccgbo zbyo`tm wimv# be {ngdn mp cimtp 6/9agccgbo mvi lob{o dmvdgobkiot/Agccgbot be zbyo`t mvizyazi` gopb pni mgv mfbui

Kioipgd mamki pnmp dmo pniocim` pb fgvpn ieidpt mo` dmodiv

@mamki pb oivubyt# fcbb`#io`bdvgoi# gaayoi bv bpniv

fb`gcw twtpiat @gtvyzpgbo be oiyvmc bvvizvb`ydpgui iuicbzaiop

@gtvyzpgbo be diccycmv zvbdittit Vitzgvmpbvw gccoittit

Egkyvi ==8 Bgc!Zvb`ydgok Vikgbot mo` Viegoivgit go pni Kyce be Ai~gdb

Bgc Viegoivw

M Bgc!I~pvmdpgboVikgbo

Egkyvi ==8 Mo mzzvb~gampi `gtpvgfypgbo be pni Bgc!I~pvmdpgboVikgbot mo` Viegoivgit mcbok pni Kyce be Ai~gdb


14/26

=6

oigknfbvnbb`t# zmvlt mo`tdnbbct/45 Pniti oyafivt emgc pbgodcyì zipvbdniagdmc go`ytpvgitobp bzivmpi` fw pni viegoivgit/[ngci pni Ai~gdmo kbuivoaiop`bit obp amgopmgo m dbazmvmfci`mpmfmti# gp gt vimtbomfci pb

itpgampi pnmp fidmyti Ai~gdbtdmzmdgpw gt =;) be pni Y/T Kyce tpmpit# pni viegoivgit iagp mp cimtp=;) be pni Kyce Tpmpit# bv5#466#>7; cf/"wimv/ Nb{iuiv# pngtoyafiv gt cglicw pb fi ngknivfidmyti pnivi mvi iuio ei{ivvikycmpgbot bv mddbyopmfgcgpw/Pi~mt mo` Cbygtgmom mvi oyafivboi mo` p{b# vitzidpguicw# go pniompgbo go iagppivt be ìuicbzaiopmc mo` oiyvbcbkgdmcpb~got# {ngdn# mabok amow

ieeidpt# `gtvyzpt pni obvamcdngc`nbb` ìuicbzaiopzvbdittit/ 4;

Pniti oyafivt bocw fikgo pbi~zcmgo pni tpbvw be pni pb~gdzbccypgbo mcbok pni Kyce Dbmtp/Tpy`git viuimc pnmp bgc viegoivgitdbotgtpiopcw umtpcw yoìvvizbvpcimlt evba umcyit mo` zgzit pbeiìvmc mo` tpmpi vikycmpbvt/Eykgpgui iagttgbot dbai evbai}ygzaiop cimlt .cgli umcuit#tpbvmki pmolt# timct# dbooidpbvt#zvittyvi vicgie ìugdit mo`zyazt'/ Pniti yovizbvpièykgpgui iagttgbot evba bgcviegoivgit m`` agccgbot be zbyo`tbe nmvaeyc zbccypmopt pb pnimpabtznivi imdn wimv# godcy`gokbuiv >: agccgbo zbyo`t be UBDtmo` buiv =9 agccgbo zbyo`t be pb~gd mgv zbccypmopt# godcy`gok =agccgbo zbyo`t be fioxioi# mdmvdgobkio/4> Oimvcw nmce be mcc

yovizbvpi` eykgpgui UBDiagttgbot mvi itpgampi` pb bddyvgo mvimt pnmp `b obp aiipeiìvmc tpmo`mv`t ebv yvfmotabk# godcy`gok Pi~mt mo`Cbygtgmom/47

Pi~mt gt pni cimìv go yovizbvpiÙBD iagttgbot mp =7/> agccgbozbyo`t# {ngdn mcabtp `byfcit

Dnmvp 4/ PVG .Pb~gd Vicimti Gouiopbvw' be Bgc Viegoivgit goAgccgbo be Zbyo`t

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15/26

=4

pbpmc tpmpi viegoivw iagttgbot#mo` Cbygtgmom ebccb{gok gotidbo` {gpn =6/; agccgbozbyo`t/ Pni yovizbvpi`pb~gd mo` dmvdgobkiogdiagttgbot mvi 4/; agccgbozbyo`t mo` 6/0 agccgbo

zbyo`t vitzidpguicw/0:

Pnizbccypgbo mppvgfypi` pbeykgpgui iagttgbot gtzviuiopmfci mo` bepiomabyopt pb abogpbvgok pniumcuit bv pgknpiogok cimlt{gpn m {viodn/ M``gpgbomccw#iuivw =:: zbyo`t be UBDiagttgbot evba viegoivgitgodcy`it mzzvb~gampicw =7zbyo`t be pb~gd iagttgbot#{ngdn pnyt dbopvgfypitmzzvb~gampicw 5/6 agccgbo

zbyo`t be m``gpgbomc yovizbvpi`pb~gd mgv zbccypgbo bopb pni dbmtpmcdbaayogpgit be Pi~mt mo`Cbygtgmom/0= Mcabtp nmce be pni pbpmciagttgbot bvgkgompi evba cimlt# {ngcipni go`ytpvw nmt nm` pni pidnobcbkwvim`gcw mumgcmfci ebv wimvt pb eg~ tydncimlt/ Pnivi gt m dcimv# `bkampgdvieytmc pb dcimo yz pni go`ytpvw mo`zvbpidp {bvliv mo` dbaayogpwnimcpn# mt zbgkomopcw gccytpvmpi` fwamow be pni dmti tpy`git go pniebccb{gok tidpgbo/

PNI EGOMC TPMKIT@gtpvgfypgbo

Pni viegoi` zvb`ydpt aytp oi~p fipmlio evba pni viegoivgit mo``gtpvgfypi` pb umvgbyt cbdmpgbot mdvbttpni Yogpi` Tpmpit< tbai gt iuioi~zbvpi` fmdl pb Ai~gdb/ Mtaiopgboi` go imvcgiv tidpgbot# gp gtgazbvpmop pb liiz go ago` pnmp pnidbodiopvmpgbo be viegoivgit vi}ygvit mdbazci~ goevmtpvydpyvi be zgzicgoit#

`gtpvgfypgbo nyft# pivagomct# tngzzgokzbvpt/ Mcbok {gpn pni viegoivw zcmopt

pnivi mvi 074 dniagdmc zvbdittgokzcmopt go Pi~mt# Cbygtgmom# Mcmfmamo` 995 bgc mo` kmt zvb`ydpgbozcmopt# zgzicgoi pvmotagttgbo#dbazvittbv tpmpgbot# mo` pivagomct#mcc be {ngdn io`mokiv pni cguit mo`nimcpn be {bvlivt mo` oimvfwdbaayogpgit/ 06

@gitic pvydlt# zb{ivi` fw bgc#dbaaypi `mgcw go mo` byp be viegoivwoigknfbvnbb`t mo` tzi{ fcmdltabli i}ygumciop pb pni zbccypgbo be

=9: dmvt pb dmvvw pni 7 agccgbo fmvvicbe viegoi` bgc zvb`ydpt zvb`ydi`

Dnmvp 0/ Mdpymc ut/ Vizbvpi` Iagttgbot fw Viegoivgit goAgccgbo Zbyo`t

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Egkyvi =68 Zmtm`iom Dvb{o Viegoivw gt obp bocw go obodbazcgmodi {gpn mgv }ymcgpw tpmo`mv`tfyp dbopvgfypit pb pni =7/> agccgbo zbyo`t be gccikmc zbccypgbo vicimti` fw Pi~mt viegoivgit


16/26

=0

`mgcw go Kyce Dbmtp viegoivgit/04 @gitic iokgoit iagp abvi pnmo 0:pb~gd tyftpmodit# mt {icc mt tabk!ebvagok ogpvbkio b~gìt# mo`nmvaeyc zmvpgdycmpi amppiv.tbbp'/ M``gpgbomccw# pniwdbopvgfypi mfbyp nmce be mcc tbbp

go yvfmo mvimt# {ngdn pgow tbcg`zmvpgdcit mvi pvmzzi` go pni cyoktmo` dmyti pgttyi `mamki#mtpnam# dnvbogd cyok `gtimti#nimvp `gtimti mo` dmodiv/Yonimcpnw ciuict be tbbp go yvfmomvimt gt mctb cgoli` {gpnzviampyvi ìmpnt/ 00

Tabk

Pni ogpvbkio b~gì iagttgbot mviwip mobpniv tbyvdi be tabk!

zvidyvtbvt dmyti` fw pni bgcgo`ytpvw/ Tyocgknp gt mvi}ygviaiop ebv pni ebvampgbo be tabk# amlgok Kyce Dbmtp vikgbotzmvpgdycmvcw uycoivmfci pb tabkebvampgbo {nio ogpvbkio b~gìtmo` ubcmpgci bvkmogd dbazbyo`t.UBDt' mvi zvitiop evba pni bgcgo`ytpvw/ [nio gonmci`# tabk dmytitdbvvbtgbo be pni dicc {mcct mcbok pnicyokt mo` mgv zmttmkit# {ngdn cim`tpb goeidpgbot mo` dmytit mtpnammppmdlt/

Zb{iv Zcmopt# Dmvt# % Dbafytpgbo

Aydn be pni bgc obp ìtpgoi` ebv kmttpmpgbot bv dniagdmc emdgcgpgit# gt yti`go zb{iv zcmopt go m dbafytpgbozvbditt pnmp dvimpit icidpvgdgpw pbzb{iv cgknpt# dbazypivt# mgvdbo`gpgbogok# ipd/ Kmtbcgoi go dmvtfyvot bgc go m tamcc dbafytpgbozvbditt pb zb{iv pni uingdci/ Zb{ivzcmopt mo` dmvt fbpn dbopvgfypi pbtabk mo` mvi cgoli` pb mtpnam#vitzgvmpbvw mgcaiopt# mdg` vmgo mo`nimvp `gtimti/ Zb{iv zcmopt mo`dbokitpi` ngkn{mwt# abtp cglicw pbfi tgpympi` go zbbv dbaayogpgit be dbcbv# fbafmv` vitgìopt {gpn obgtizbccypgbo# dmvfbo abob~gì# tbbpmo` cim` izbtgpt/ Pni dboti}yioditmvi mtpnam# cim` zbgtbogok# dmodivt#

fvmgo pyabvt mo` dngc`vio mvi pniabtp uycoivmfci/ 09

W HYTPGDGM2go pni tnm`b{t be viegoivgit

Dbaayogpgit tgpympi` oimv bgcviegoivgit# mt {icc mt pni {bvlivtgotgì# dbotgtpiopcw nmui pnigv nimcpn#mgv# cguicgnbb` mo` cgei dbazvbagti`fw pni gazmdpt be pni viegoivgit mo`

pni `gtvikmv` be dbvzbvmpgbot mo`kbuivoaiopmc mkiodgit ebv nyamocgei# zmvpgdycmvcw go dbaayogpgit`bagompi` fw zibzci be dbcbv#go`gkiobyt zibzcit# dmazitgobt mo`pni zbbv/ Yoguivtgpw be Pi~mtpb~gdbcbkgtp# @v/ Amvugo Cikkmpbv#

ebyo` pnmp >:) be zibzci go viegoivwoigknfbvnbb`t nmui nimvp dbo`gpgbotbv vitzgvmpbvw zvbfciat dbazmvi` pb4:) go obo!viegoivwoigknfbvnbb`t/ 05 Fioxioi# `gb~got#nw`vbkio tyczngì# cim`# aivdyvw#~wcioit mo` bxboi mvi fyp m ei{

pb~got viegoivw dbaayogpgit cgui {gpn`mgcw/

Pni gazmdpt be bgc go pni Kyce Dbmtpi~iazcgew pni dbvzbvmpi!ci`gazivgmcgtpgd pvio`t be i~zcbgpmpgbo#mo` go zmvpgdycmv# pni i~zcbgpmpgbo bepni abtp uycoivmfci moàmvkgomcgxi` tidpbvt be pnizbzycmpgbo/ Pni bgc go`ytpvw go pniKyce nmt vbffi` dbaayogpgit be pnigv vgknp pb `gkogpw# cguicgnbb`# tice!ìpivagompgbo mo` m nimcpnw

iougvboaiop/ Eyvpnivabvi# pnikbuivoaiopt be fbpn pni Yogpi`Tpmpit mo` Ai~gdb emgc pb iotyvi# mo`nmuivizimpi`cwìogi`# i}ymczvbpidpgboyoìv pni cm{ebvdbaayogpgitbe dbcbv#go`gkiobytzibzcit# mo`pni zbbv/ Pni`gtzvbzbv!pgbompi `gtpvgfypgbo be fyvìo amlitpni Kyce Dbmtp m dcimv dmti be iougvboaiopmc gohytpgdi/

Pni dmti tpy`git bypcgoi` ficb{ mvimcc dmtit be iougvboaiopmc gohytpgdizvmdpgdi` fw go`ytpvw mo`kbuivoaiop mkmgotp zibzci mo`pnigv vgknp pb cgei mo` nimcpn/ Pnieiodicgoi dbaayogpgit be pni bgc

go`ytpvw mvi zvi`bagomopcw zbbvmo` zibzci be dbcbv oigknfbvnbb`t/Pni nmui goumì` mo` zbccypi`zcmdit be {bvl# be emagcw# be zcmw# be i`ydmpgbo/ Pni tpbvgit viuimc mdbotgtp zmppivo mcbok pni Kyce Dbmtpbe8 .m' gccikmc# `mokivbyt mdpgugpgit fwbgc viegoivgit< .f' m `gtvikmv` be dbaayogpgit fw cbdmc# tpmpi moòmpgbomc iougvboaiopmc mkiodgit Kyce BgcDbazmow tbc` pni Liooi`w Nigknpttgpi pb pni ìuicbziv# {gpnbypdcimogok pni tbgc zbccypi` fw pni bc`

bgc zgpt mo` ng`gok pnigv i~gtpiodi pbnbai fywivt fidmyti pniw loi{nbait fygcp pnivi {byc` fiamvlipi` pb Mevgdmo!Maivgdmot/ Mnimcpn tyvuiw go 469 nbait goLiooi`w Nigknpt ebyo` ;: dmtit be dmodiv# fvmgo pyabvt# cyzyt bv fgvpnìeidpt# m vmpi tiuivmc pgait ngknivpnmo ebyo` go pni kioivmczbzycmpgbo/99 M ei{ agcit imtp#

vitgìopt be Zmtmìom# P^ # nbai be pni Dvb{o viegoivw# egci` m Pgpci UGdbazcmgop mkmgotp pni tpmpiiougvboaiopmc mkiodw ebv emgcyvi pbzviuiop gccikmc zbccypgbo fw pniviegoivgit# cgolgok cm~ ioebvdiaiop goi~dnmoki ebv aboipmvw mo` zbcgpgdmckmgo/95

Pni Amvmpnbo mo` FZ viegoivgit goPi~mt Dgpw# P^ dbopgoyi pb vicimtii~pviaicw `mokivbyt mabyopt be fioxioi# m lob{o dmvdgobkio# gopb

pni dbaayogpw/ 4!5 pgait pnimccb{mfci ciuict be fioxioi pnmpgt go pni mgv gt cgoli` pb pniviegoivgit# nb{iuiv gp pbbl moyoficgiumfci 5 wimvt ebv pni tpmpiiougvboaiopmc mkiodw pb egomccwìpidp pni tbyvdi be pni gccikmc

zbccypmopt/ Pni NbytpboDnvbogdci vizbvpt pnmp pni mgv{mt tb ebyc pnmp pni POVDD\Pi~mt tpmpi iougvboaiopmcmkiodwQ gotzidpbvt fidmai gcc moìgpniv nm` pb {imv vitzgvmpbvw

amtlt pb dbopgoyi {bvlgok# bvmfmo`bo pnigv pmtlt/ 9; Buiv0:#::: vitgìopt fvimpni pngt mgviuivw `mw/

Pni PVODD vizbvp ìpmgctdbodiopvmpgbot be mgv zbccypmopt#

godcy`gok fioxioi mo` bpniv UBDtnmui fiio zvitiop go tyeegdgiop}ymopgpw mo` ebv m tyeegdgiop`yvmpgbo be pgai pb dmyti gaai`gmpimùivti nimcpn mo` {icemvi ieeidpt/Nb{iuiv# mepiv m ciml be pngt vizbvp#pni iougvboaiopmc mkiodw

tzblitzivtbo mppiazpi` pb mttyvi mtgdl dbaayogpw pnmp pniw tnbyc` obpfi mcmvai` mp pni ngkn ciuict be dmvdgobkiogd dbazbyo`t go pnigviougvboaiop# pnmp gp gt ziveidpcw tmeipb cgui pnivi mo` pnivi gt obgo`gdmpgbo be mo godvimti` vgtl be dmodiv/9> Obp bocw gt pniiougvboaiopmc mkiodw obp pmlgokaimtyvit pb zvbpidp pni dbaayogpw#pniw mvi ìcgfivmpicw agtgoebvagokpni vitgìopt mfbyp pni nimcpn vgtltpniw emdi# mo` bodi# mkmgozvbpidpgok pni zbccypivt/

Cbygtgmom

Fiebvi pni dgugc vgknpt abuiaiopt#pni cmpi =79:t mo` =75:t fvbyknp m

Dmodivt# godcy`gokciyliagm

Vizvb`ydpgui gtbvìvt

@iuicbzaiopmc `gtbvìvt Ieeidpt fboi amvvb{ mo`fcbb` zvb`ydpgbo

Egkyvi =98 I~~boAbfgc nmt zbgtboi` pni`vgolgok {mpiv tyzzcw go Fimyabop# P^

Egkyvi =58 Pnbytmo`t be zbbv mo` zibzcibe dbcbv cgui go pni fmdlwmv`t be pniviegoivgit go Dbvzyt Dnvgtpg# P^


19/26

=;

vytn be dniagdmc mo` zipvbciyazcmopt pb pni cb{iv AgttgttgzzgVguiv dbvvg`bv evba Fmpbo Vbykipb Oi{ Bvcimot/ Pngt dbvvg`bv#pni ob{ goemabyt dmodiv mcciw#iokycet m >9!agci tpvipdn mcbokpni Agttgttgzzg Vguiv nbai pb ;

viegoivgit mo` buiv =0:zipvbdniagdmc mo` bpnivgo`ytpvgmc zcmopt/ Fidmyti be gptngkn dbodiopvmpgbo be nimugcwzbccypgok go`ytpvgit# Cbygtgmom gtnbai pb boi be pni {bvc`+t {bvtppb~gd nbptzbpt/ Mabok Y/T/tpmpit# Cbygtgmom vmolt tidbo` godniagdmc `gtdnmvkit pb tyvemdi{mpivt# pngv` go obo!zbgop mgvvicimtit# tidbo` go mabyop be {mtpigohidpi` gopb pni kvbyo` mo` ogopn gopbpmc dniagdmc vicimtit# mddbv`gok pb

pni =77> IZM Pb~gdt VicimtiGouiopbvw mt tice!vizbvpi` fwgo`ytpvw/ Tpmpi{gì# zibzci be dbcbvtyeeiv `gtzvbzbvpgbompicw evbanimcpn!vicmpi` gccoitt# diopvmcoivubyt twtpia `gtbvìvt# fgvpnìeidpt# agtdmvvgmkit# zivtgtpiopobtifcii`t# tlgo dbo`gpgbot mo`gvvgpmpgbo iwit dmyti` fw i~zbtyvi pbpni zbccypgbo/

Ubgdit evba pni Kvmttvbbpt

Pni gazbuivgtni` vitgìopt be pnitamcc pb{o Dbouiop# Cbygtgmomcgui {gpngo m 4!agci vm`gyt be m TpmvIopivzvgti viegoivw mo` eguizipvbdniagdmc zcmopt/ Imdn vitgìopgokitpt mfbyp 45: zbyo`t be pb~gddniagdmct ziv zivtbo iuivw wimv/Cbdmpi` go pni Tp/ Hmait zmvgtn.dbyopw'# pngt gt nbai pb 0=`geeiviop gìopgegi` dmodivt/ Nivimo` tpmpi{gì# Mevgdmo!Maivgdmot `gi mp m ngkniv vmpipnmo {ngpit evba dmodiv/ 97

Obvdb# Cbygtgmom gt mo ngtpbvgdMevgdmo!Maivgdmo pb{o cbdmpi`go pni nimvp be pni vikgbotDmodiv Mcciw/ Pni ebyv tpviippb{o gt tmo`{gdni` fip{iio mTnicc dniagdmc zvbdittgok zcmopmo` m Tnicc bgc viegoivw/ Pnimuivmki godbai gt ficb{ompgbomc zbuivpw cgoi# mp =0#:::

ziv wimv/ Nbait mvi cbdmpi` cittpnmo 6: eiip evba pni zipvbdniagdmcdbazci~it/ Evi}yiop i~zcbtgbotnmui `mamki` nbait mo` lgcci`

vitgìopt/ Pngvpw zivdiop be pninbait go pni oigknfbvnbb` nmuifiio mfmo`boi` fidmyti be pngtpb~gd oigknfbv/ Pni cbdmciougvboaiop gt tb dbopmagompi` pnmppni dbaayogpw kvbyz# pniDbodivoi` Dgpgxiot be Obvdb#ìamo`t pnmp Tnicc vicbdmpivitgìopt mo` zmw ebv nimcpn dmvi/5:

Pni zmvgtn be Dmcdmtgiy# Cbygtgmom gtnbai pb 0: zipvbdniagdmc zcmopt{gpngo m =:!agci vm`gyt/ Abttugcci#Cbygtgmom gt mo gazbuivgtni`#zvi`bagomopcw Mevgdmo!Maivgdmodbaayogpw pnmp gt obp godbvzbvmpi`/Pni pb{o {mt ebyoì` go pni =>;:tfw ìtdioìopt be tcmuit mt m nmuio

evba vmdgmc nbtpgcgpw/ Pniidbobagd fmti be pni pb{o {mttamcc!tdmci egtngok# nyopgok moèmvagok/ [ngci pni vitgìopt be pni yogodbvzbvmpi` dbaayogpgitcmdl m zbcgpgdmc ubgdi# pniw tyeeiv`gtzvbzbvpgbompicw evba pni

fyvìo be pni viegoivgit/

Pniviegoivgit nmui dbopmagompi` egtn#cmlit mo` fmwbyt/ Pni muivmkiAbttugcci vitgìop nmt `gb~go ciuictgo fcbb` 4 pgait pnmo muivmki YTdgpgxio mo` pni ìmpn vmpi gt =/5pgait ngkniv pnmo m ompgbomc`gtmtpiv/ Go m``gpgbo# 7=) be pnivitgìopt nm` imv# obti mo`

pnvbmp twazpbat tydn mt fyvogokiwit# omtmc tbvioitt# obtifcii`t# mo`tiuivi tgoyt mo` imv goeidpgbot/ Gom``gpgbo# >0) be zibzci tyeeivi`

evba diopvmc oivubyt twtpia gccoittit.cgli pviabvt# tigxyvit'/ 5=

Ai~gdbt Kyce Tpmpit .Pmamycgzmt# Uivmdvyx# Pmfmtdb# Dmazidni'

Pni bgc go`ytpvw nmt zbccypi` mo`ìtpvbwi` pnbytmo`t be mdvit be cmo`#zvgamvgcw gonmfgpi` fw ìtdio`moptbe Amwm# Bcaidm# Xmzmpid mo`Dnbci mt {icc mt dmazitgobt/ Pnigazmdpt {ivi cmvkicw ìtdvgfi` go pnitidpgbo bo i~pvmdpgbo/ Nb{iuiv# pnidboti}yiodit mvi pnmp pnitidbaayogpgit mvi ebvdi` pb kgui yzemvagok# egtngok# mo` pvm`gpgbo {mwbe cgei fidmyti pnigv cmo`# {mpiv mo`mgv nmui fiio tb dbopmagompi` {gpnbgc/ Pni emvacmo` gt zbccypi` mo`tmcgogxi`# {ngci pni egtngok kvbyo`tmo` {ipcmo`t mvi ìtpvbwi`/ Pni`vi`kgok be dmomct mo` {mpiv{mwt goPmfmtdb# go bvìv pb dvimpi mogopivcgoli` dmomc twtpia pb fvgok go`vgccgok fmvkit# nmt `mamki` buiv

=7;#::: mdvit be cmo`# godvimti` pnitbgc mo` {mpiv tmcgogpw mo`dbopmagompi` pni tpmpit iopgvi cmlimo` dbmtpmc twtpia/ Egtngok gt cgagpi`pb tiuivmc agcit bee pni tnbvi#gomddittgfci pb tamcc!tdmci egtnivebcl/Pni dvbzt# zcmopt# mo` egtn pnmptyvugui mvi zcmkyi` {gpnfgbmddyaycmpi` pb~got/

Egkyvi =>8 Pni p{b emdit be Ai~gdb+t bgcgo`ytpvw

Egkyvi =;8 Pni pb~gd zipvbdniagdmc go`ytpvw goCbygtgmom pmvkipt zibzci be dbcbv mo` dmytitdmodiv# agtdmvvgmkit# mo` m umvgipw be nimcpn!vicmpi` gccoittit


20/26

=>

Pni bzzvittgui tgpympgbo gti~mdivfmpi` fw Ziai~t vgknp pbbddyzw cmo` .{gpn agcgpmvw ebvdi ge oidittmvw' {gpnbyp zivagttgbo mo`pnio oikbpgmpi mo mepiv!pni!emdpdbopvmdp bo pnigv pivat/ [ngcibvkmogxmpgbot mo` dbaayogpgit nmui

vgtio yz mkmgotp pni mdpgugpgit be Ziai~# pni vitzboti gt dbotgtpiopcwagcgpmvw vizvittgbo mo` godvimtiàgcgpmvgxmpgbo be pni vikgbo/ Ebvgotpmodi# go pni omai be tidyvgpw#=>#::: pvbbzt {ivi tiop pb Uivmdvyxpb kymv` pni viegoivgit goAgompgpcmo/ Pni vitycpt mvi nyamovgknpt mfytit tyeeivi` fw pnigazmdpi` dbaayogpgit/ Mppiazptfw cimìvt pb ìabdvmpgxi pniZiai~t {bvlivt yogbo nmt fiio aip{gpn kbuivoaiop mo` agcgpmvw ebvdi

mo` godmvdivmpgbo/

Eyvpnivabvi# ge Ziai~ ìdgìt pbdcimo gpt tzgcct# pni dbazmow {gcc ngvi{bvlivt .ytymccw dngc`vio' pb kb#yozvbpidpi`# gopb pni amvtnit mo`dbccidp pni bgc {mtpi ebv 4 m `mw/ Mppni io` be pni `mw# pni {bvlivt mvibeeivi` bocw `gitic eyic# m lob{odmvdgobkio# pb {mtn pni bgc evbapnigv fb`git/ 56

DCGAMPI DNMOKI PNI BGCGO@YTPVWT CMTPGOK

GAZMDP

Iuivw tpiz be pni cgeicgoi be bgc# evbai~pvmdpgbo pb `gtpvgfypgbo pbdbotyazpgbo# iagpt kviionbyti kmtzbccypgbo .i/k/ dmvfbo `gb~gì#aipnmoi' pnmp gt nmugok mo` {gccnmui dmpmtpvbzngd kcbfmc gazmdpt bocgei# cguicgnbb`# nimcpn# dycpyvi mo`pni iougvboaiop/ Pni i~pvmdpgbomo` dbotyazpgbo be ebttgc eyict mvipni vbbp be kcbfmc dcgampi dnmoki#{ngdn vieivt pb pni {mvagok be pnizcmoip mo` pni dnmokgok be pni{impniv `yi pb godvimtit gokviionbyti kmt dbodiopvmpgbot go pnimpabtznivi/ Kviionbyti kmtit pvmzpni nimp be pni tyo/ Pni ompyvmcfmcmodi mccb{t pni imvpn pb tyzzbvpcgei/ Pni dbodiopvmpgbo be kviionbyti kmtit gt ob{ ngkniv pnmo

go mowpgai buiv pni cmtp 66:#:::wimvt mo` pni bgc go`ytpvw gt cmvkicwvitzbotgfci/ Pniti yozvidiìopi`ciuict be kviionbyti kmtit dmytikcbfmc dcgampgd gotpmfgcgpw# bv kcbfmcdcgampi dnmoki/

Pni iopgvi zcmoip nmt fidbai pnieiodicgoi dbaayogpw be dcgampidnmoki dmyti` fw pni ebttgc eyicgo`ytpvw# pnbykn divpmgo zbzycmpgbotmvi `gtzvbzbvpgbompicw gazmdpi`/Pni {mvagok be pni zcmoip amwdmyti dvbz emgcyvit# `vbyknpt#ecbb`gok# nimcpn gttyit# mo` amowbpniv iougvboaiopmc# idbobagd mo`tbdgmc zvbfciat/ 54

Pni tdgiopgtpt mkvii/ Dcgampi dnmokigt nmzziogok< pni bocw pngok yz pbìfmpi gt nb{ emtp gp {gcc nmzziomo` nb{ fm` gp {gcc fi/ Pni bgcgo`ytpvw mo` pni go`ytpvgmcgxiòmpgbot mvi abtp vitzbotgfci ebv pnizvbfcia be dcgampi dnmoki/ Obptyvzvgtgokcw# gp gt pni cmvkitpdbotyaiv be bgc# pni Yogpi`Tpmpit# pnmp gt pni amgodbopvgfypbv pb dcgampidnmoki/ P{iopw!eguizivdiop be mcc kviionbytikmtit iagppi` dbai evbapni Y/T/ Gp gt pni gazmdp be aycpgompgbomc bgc dbazmogitpnmp i~pvmdp# pvmotzbvp#viegoi mo` `gtpvgfypi bgc#{ngdn gt pni zvgamvw tbyvdibe dmvfbo `gb~gìiagttgbot/ 50

Pni pbpmc `gtvikmv` be pnibgc go`ytpvw ebv pni cbdmcdbaayogpgit gp zcmkyit {gpndnvbogd mgv zbccypgbo mo`pb~gd tzgcct tipt pni tdioi ebvpni go`ytpvwt cm~ mppgpyìpb{mv`t kcbfmc dcgampidnmoki mo` dcgampi hytpgdi/Pni go`ytpvw nmt ci`

gopiopgbomc `gtgoebvampgbodmazmgkot pb cgi pb pni zyfcgd mfbyppni dmytit mo` vgtlt be kcbfmc dcgampidnmoki/

Pni Yogpi` Ompgbot IougvboaiopmcZvbkvma i~zcmgot pnmp8 Pni

zvi`gdpi` gazmdpt be dcgampi dnmoki{byc` zvbfmfcw i~mdivfmpi nyokivmo` zbuivpw mvbyo` pni {bvc`/Zibzci {nb mvi ngkncw ìzioìopbo emvagok# egtngok# bv ebvitpvw {gcc{icc tii pnigv cguicgnbb`t ìtpvbwi`Pni zbbv {gcc tyeeiv pni abtp fidmytipniw nmui ei{iv bzpgbot ebvvitzbo`gok pb pni dcgampi/ 59

Niodi# {gpn vitzidp pb dcgampidnmoki# zibzci be dbcbv# go`gkiobytzibzcit# cb{!godbai dbaayogpgit

mo` pni kcbfmc tbypn {gcc obp bocw fi.mo` mcvim`w mvi' `gtzvbzbvpgbompicwfyvìoi` fw dcgampi dnmoki# fypmctb mvi `gtzvbzbvpgbompicw cbdmpiòimv tbyvdit be kviionbyti kmtiagttgbot .zb{iv zcmopt# viegoivgit#ngkn{mwt# ipd/'/ Pni egvtp pb figazmdpi` fw dcgampi dnmoki mvi pnicimtp mfci pb m`mzp mo` bepio pnicimtp vitzbotgfci ebv pni zvbfcia/Cgli iougvboaiopmc hytpgdi# dcgampihytpgdi dmcct ebv pni io` be

Dcgampi dnmokigazmdpt {gcc umvw

tgkogegdmopcw fwtbdgmc mo`

idbobagd tpmpyt

Egkyvi =78 Ecbb`t# cgli pngt boi go Nbytpbo mvifidbagok abvi evi}yiop mo` i~pviai mcbok pniKyce Dbmtp `yi pb dcgampi dnmoki/


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`gtdvgagompbvw kbuivoaiop zbcgdgitmo` dbvzbvmpi mdpgbot pnmp nmui`gtzvbzbvpgbompi dboti}yiodit be zibzci be dbcbv mo` cb{!godbaidbaayogpgit/ Pniti dbaayogpgit{gcc fidbai iuio abvi uycoivmfcipb dcgampi!dnmoki vicmpi`

vitzgvmpbvw mgcaiopt# nimp!vicmpi`gccoitt mo` ìmpn# mo` gccoitt evbagotidp!dmvvgi` `gtimtit/

Kyce Dbmtp Vikgbo % Dcgampi Dnmoki

Dcgampi dnmoki gt cglicw pb nmuiabvi {gìtzvim` mo` tiuividboti}yiodit pnmo amowiougvboaiopmc zvbfciat/ Nb{iuiv#pni cbdmc gazmdpt be dcgampi dnmokibo pni Kyce Dbmtp vikgbo mvi amvli`fw yodivpmgopw/ Gp gt nmzziogok# fyppni zvidgti gazcgdmpgbot ebvdbaayogpgit mo` idbtwtpiat mvi# mpfitp# mo i`ydmpi` kyitt/ Kcbfmc{mvagok gt dmytgok dnmokit go{impniv zmppivot# amvli` fw abvievi}yiop# gopioti ecbb`t mo``vbyknpt# mt {icc mt vmzg` t{gokt go{impniv/

Pni dyvviop dcgampi mobamcgit# mt{icc mt pni tdgiopgegd zvi`gdpgbot#

go`gdmpi pnmp `vmtpgd aimtyvit mvioiiì` go bvìv pb dyvf dcgampidnmoki mo` zvbpidp dbaayogpgit/Dbaayogpgit mcvim`w tyeeivgok evbazbbv mgv }ymcgpw# cbtt be cguicgnbb`mo` zbuivpw nmui pni abtp pb cbti mtm vitycp be dcgampi dnmoki/ Pni bgcgo`ytpvw bo pni Kyce nmt obp bocwdmyti` pni zvbfcia be dcgampidnmoki# fyp nmt amì pnidbaayogpgit {nivi pniw mvi cbdmpiìuio abvi tiuivicw fyvìoi` fw pnigazmdpt/

Pni uycoivmfgcgpw be pni Kyce Dbmtpvikgbo pb dcgampi dnmoki gtdbazbyoì` fw gpt ecmp pbzbkvmznw#vikgbomc cmo` tyftgìodi# i~piotguitnbvicgoi ìuicbzaiop# moèvi}yiodw be amhbv tpbvat mo`nyvvgdmoit/ Pi~mt# Cbygtgmom moÈcbvg`m pbz pni cgtp be tpmpit go pivatbe mooymc cbttit evba nyvvgdmoit#

ecbb`t mo` pbvom`bit# dbafgogokbuiv 4/95 fgccgbo go `mamki/Agttgttgzzg gt tiuiopn mo` Mcmfmam gtigknpiiopn/ Pni oi~p diopyvw gti~zidpi` pb tii vgtgok piazivmpyvibe 0!=:E# vgtgok tim!ciuic be >!6:godnit mo` dnmokit go {mpiv!ecb{

zmppivot mo` mumgcmfgcgpw/55

Pnidbaayogpgit mcvim`w fyvìoi` fwviegoivgit mo` pni zipvbdniagdmcgo`ytpvw# mvi abvi uycoivmfci pbdcgampi dnmoki vicmpi` vitzgvmpbvwmgcaiopt mo` nimp!vicmpi` ìmpnt/Go pni Kyce Dbmtpt# pniti zbzycmpgbotmvi zvi`bagomopcw zibzci be dbcbv#cb{!godbai# go`gkiobyt zibzcit mo`zibzci {gpn tyftgìodi!fmti`cguicgnbb`t/ Pni gazmdp be dcgampidnmoki gt kbgok pb fi tpvbokcwdbooidpi` pb pni mfgcgpw pb zvbpidp

boitice evba pni dboti}yiodit/

Zvi`gdpi` Gazmdpt be Dcgampi Dnmoki bo pni Kyce Dbmtp

Piazivmpyvi 8 Godvimti go piazivmpyvi 0!=:E

buiv pni oi~p diopyvw

Mgv ]ymcgpw mo` Nyamo Nimcpn8 Godvimti go mgv zbccypmopt#

itzidgmccw bxboi mo` tabk

Godvimti evi}yiodw be nimp{muit Godvimti zbzycmpgbo be `gtimti!

dmvvwgok gotidpt

[mpiv Tyzzcw 8 Dnmoki go {mpiv mumgcmfgcgpw

mo` ecb{ Tmcp!{mpiv gopvytgbo go m}ygeivt Godvimti go `vbyknp# `vbyknp!

vicmpi` egvit Godvimti evi}yiodw be tgolnbci

dbccmztit

Kyce be Ai~gdb 8 I~piotgui dbvmc fcimdngok# `yi pb

vgtgok piazivmpyvit Godvimti go nmvaeyc mckmi

kvb{pn Godvimti be mdg`gpw be tyvemdi

{mpivt Cbtt be amvgoi liwtpboi tzidgit

Tim!ciuic vgti fip{iio >!6:godnit buiv pni oi~p diopyvw

Cbtt be evitn {mpiv goecy~ Godvimti godgìop be nyvvgdmoit

Egtn mo` Tniccegtn 8 B~wkio ìzcipgbo go evitn{mpiv

tpvimat Vi`ydpgbo go nmfgpmp ebv dbbc!{mpiv tzidgit

Godvimti dbodiopvmpgbo be dbopmagomopt go egtn mo` tniccegtn

Mkvgdycpyvi 8 @vbz go mkvgdycpyvmc zvb`ydpgbo

itzidgmccw dbppbo# tbwfimo#tbvknya mo` dgpvyt pviit

Ngkniv godgìodi be `mamki fwmkvgdycpyvmc mo` ebvitpvw zitpt# m{icc mt fw i~bpgd tzidgit

Godvimti {mpiv tpvitt .g/i/ {gccvi}ygvi abvi gvvgkmpgbo'

Vi`ydi {mpiv mumgcmfgcgpw ebvgvvgkmpgbo

@idvimti tbgc abgtpyvi Btdgccmpi fip{iio ecbb`t mo`

`vbyknpt

Idbtwtpiat 8 I~piotgbo be goumtgui pvbzgdmc

tzidgit Cbtt mo` agkvmpgbo be zcmop mo`

mogamc dbaayogpgit pb pni obvpn Godvimti evi}yiodw mo` i~piop be ebvitp egvit

Nimp [muit mo` Nimcpn

Pni gazcgdmpgbot be dcgampi dnmokidcimvcw nmui tgkogegdmop gazmdpt boidbtwtpiat# nimcpn mo` cguicgnbb` be dbmtpmc zbzycmpgbot/ Pni zvi`gdpi`godvimtit go piazivmpyvit {gccgodvimti pni mcvim`w ngkndbodiopvmpgbot be kvbyo`!ciuic bxboipnvbyknbyp pni Kyce vikgbo/ Pni mgv#dyvviopcw go tiuivi obo!dbazcgmodi{gpn dcimo mgv tpmo`mv`t cmvkicw `yipb pni zipvbdniagdmc go`ytpvw# gtzvbhidpi` pb fidbai bocwyonimcpngiv ebv vitgìopt pb fvimpni/

Pnivi gt m `gvidp dbvvicmpgbo fip{iiogodvimti piazivmpyvi mo` godvimti


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8 Nyvvgdmoi Dcmyìppi ngp Ai~gdbmo` Pi~mt fiebvi nyvvgdmoi timtbo ytymccwtpmvpt/ Mp cimtp p{b {ivi ciep ìm`# pnbytmo`t{gpnbyp zb{iv# mo` amow nbaicitt/ PniPi~mt kbuivobv idcmvi` =5 dbyopgit eiìvmc`gtmtpiv mvimt/

8 Cmvkitp b{ozbyv go Agttgttgzzggo vidiop ngtpbvw# mabyopgok pb buiv ; godnit/M tpmpi be iaivkiodw {mt idcmvi` fidmytibe tpbva mo` ecbb` `mamki/ Amow vbm`t#fvg`kit {ivi {mtni` m{mw/ Pni tmai abopnm Pi~mt nmgctpbva dmyti` buiv $4: agccgbo go`mamki# dmcci` boi be pni {bvtp {impniv!vicmpi` gtmtpivt pb t{iiz pnvbykn

8 Nyki gdi mo` tob{tpbva evbatbypnivo Pi~mt pb pni Obvpnimtp lgcci` > goPi~mt/ Dcbti` vbm`t mo` tdnbbct/

8 Tmo Mopbogb {mt viodni` fwvidbv` vmgoemcc/ Pni ecbb` dbtp buiv $= fgccgbogo mamki go =; Pi~mt dbyopgit ciep > ìm`mo` pnbytmo`t nbaicitt/ Pnivi {mt mobypfviml be [itp Ogci ugvyt go ImtpivoCbygtgmom/

Eviml tob{tpbva# pni egvtpbe pni timtbo# lgcci` ; go Pi~mt# mo` dmyti`nyo`vi`t be pvmeegd mddgìopt/ Cmpiv pnmpabopn# m tpbva fvbyknp pbvom`bt mo` yazi`buiv m ebbp be vmgo go diopvmc Pi~mt# cimugok 5ìm`/

Tyaaiv nimp {mui pnmpfcmolipi` dgpgit go pni @iiz Tbypn/

8 Pni {bvtp Nbytpbo ecbb` iuiv lgcct6:# cimuit buiv $0/> fgccgbo go cbttit# mo` piobe pnbytmo`t nbaicitt go Pi~mt mo`Cbygtgmom/ Pni oi~p {iil# pngt tmai mvimtyeeivi` evba gpt {bvtp abt}ygpb goeitpmpgbogo vidiop ngtpbvw/

Mkkvmumpi mtpnam Vi`ydi cyok eyodpgbo Dmyti vitzgvmpbvw

goecmaampgbo Dmyti dnitp zmgot#

omytim# zycabomvwdbokitpgbo

vicimti be ubcmpgci bvkmogddbazbyo`t .UBD' gopb pni mgv/ 5; Dbaayogpgit oimv zipvbdniagdmcgotpmccmpgbot {gcc fi iuio eyvpnivfyvìoi` {gpn pb~gd mgv iagttgbot mtpiazivmpyvit {mva/ Pngt ieeidp gtdbazbyoì` fw pni godvimti be

bxboi mo` tabk ciuict/ Evi}yiodwmo` tiuivgpw be mtpnam mppmdlt {gccgodvimti# {ngdn ngp zibzci be dbcbvdbaayogpgit pni nmvìtp/ 5> Zibzci

be dbcbv mvi mcabtp pnvii pgait abvicglicw pnmo {ngpit pb fi nbtzgpmcgxi`bv `gi evba mtpnam mo` bpnivvitzgvmpbvw gccoittit cgoli` pb mgvzbccypgbo# fyp mvi p{gdi mt cglicw pbfi yogotyvi`/ 57

Mcbok {gpn pni godvimti go muivmkipiazivmpyvi# pni dbmtp gt cglicw pbi~zivgiodi abvi i~pviai nimp{muit# itzidgmccw go yvfmo diopivt/

Pi~mt gt itzidgmccwuycoivmfci mo` gt cglicw pbtii tnmvz godvimtit go pnioyafiv be nimp!vicmpi`ìmpnt mo` gccoittit/ Pnitpmpi pbzt pni dnmvp go nimpvicmpi` empmcgpgit evba=77;!=777/ Yvfmo mvimt#cgli Nbytpbo!Kmcuitpbo

vikgbo# mvi zmvpgdycmvcwuycoivmfci pb nimp {muit#mo` tyeeiv evba pni nimpgtcmo` ieeidp {nivifwfygc`gokt pvmz mo`gopiotgew pni nimp# mo`zviuiop ogknppgai dbbcgok/Mo godvimti go 4 E gotyaaiv piazivmpyvitdbyc` abvi pnmo `byfcipni oyafiv be nimp!vicmpi` ìmpnt ziv wimv/ ;:

Iuivwboi gt obp i}ymccwgazmdpi`/ Pnbti yomfcipb meebv` mgv dbo`gpgbogok{gcc fi abtp uycoivmfci# mt{icc mt pni wbyok# pniicìvcw mo` pnbti {gpn zvi!i~gtpgok dbo`gpgbot/ Mtpy`w ebyo` pnmp dcgampidnmoki {byc` godvimtinimp!vicmpi` ìmpnt fw mpcimtp 7:) go cmvki dgpgit/Zibzci be dbcbv mvi p{gdi

mt cglicw pb `gi go m nimp{mui/ ;= [mvagok amwmctb godvimti mccivkgit `yipb godvimti zbccio dbyopt/

Dngc`vio mvi abvitytdizpgfci pb zbccypgbofidmyti bvkmot mo`ìeioti aidnmogtat nmuiobp fiio eyccw ìuicbzi`/

Dngc`vio# zbyo` ebv zbyo`# fvimpnimfbyp 9:) abvi mgv pnmo m`ycpt#tzio` abvi pgai byp`bbvt# mo` mviabvi cglicw pb fvimpni {gpn pnigvabypnt# {ngdn godvimtit i~zbtyvi pbdbopmagomopt/ Pi~mt nmt pni ngknitpzbzycmpgbo be dngc`vio mp vgtl ebvvitzgvmpbvw `gtimti/ M``gpgbomccw# pniicìvcw nmui mo gazmgvi` mfgcgpw pb`gtzivti nimp# mvi abvi cglicw pbnmui bpniv gccoittit# mo` mvi cglicw pbnmui m ìzvitti` gaayoi twtpia#{ngdn dvimpit m zmvpgdycmvuycoivmfgcgpw pb nimp tpvbli/;6

[mpiv Vitbyvdit

Dnmokit go tyzzcw mo` `gtvyzpgbo be vmgoemcc dbyc` meeidp pni zvb`ydpgugpwbe mkvgdycpyvi# m}ymdycpyvi moèbvitpvw# mt {icc mt go`ytpvgmcmdpgugpgit/ Abtp cglicw# dcgampidnmoki# dbazbyoì` {gpn bpniv

mopnvbzbkiogd tpvittit# {gcc godvimtipni ìamo` ebv mo` ìdvimti pnityzzcw be {mpiv/ Tim!ciuic vgti mo`cmo` tyftgìodi {gcc cglicw godvimtipni evi}yiodw mo` i~piop be tmcp!{mpiv gopvytgbo gopb m}ygeivt mo``vgolgok {mpiv vitivubgvt/ Cmo`tyftgìodi gt dbooidpi` {gpn pnii~pvmdpgbo be bgc# ompyvmc kmt mo`{mpiv evba pni kvbyo`# mo` {niodbafgoi` {gpn `vbyknp dbo`gpgbot# gtcglicw pb mddicivmpi/

[mpiv mumgcmfgcgpw ebv mkvgdycpyvi{gcc cglicw ìdcgoi# {ngci pni oii` pbgvvgkmpi {gcc godvimti `yi pb {mvaivpiazivmpyvit mo` `vbyknpdbo`gpgbot/ Godvimti vmpit be zcmopiumzbvmpgbo mo` ìdvimtit go tbgcabgtpyvi `yi pb vgtgok piazivmpyvit{gcc m`` iuio abvi {mpiv!tpvitt pbzcmopt mo` dvbzt/ Go m``gpgbo# agcìv{gopivt# {gcc mccb{ zitpt pb zvb`ydi


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abvi beetzvgok iuivw wimv/ Zcmoptmvi abvi tytdizpgfci pb zitpt yoìv{mpiv!cgagpi` dbo`gpgbot/ ;4

Mt ="4 be Ai~gdmot {bvl go pnimkvgdycpyvi tidpbv# dcgampi dnmokizbtit m tgkogegdmop vgtl pb mkvgdycpyvmcmo` ebb` tidyvgpw# itzidgmccw pbtyftgtpiodi emvaivt ìzioìop bovmgo!ei` gvvgkmpgbo/;0 Pni egtnivgitmo` m}ymdycpyvi be pni Kyce# abtp be pni abtp idbobagdmccw umcymfci gopni Yogpi` Tpmpit mvi i~pviaicwuycoivmfci pb dcgampi dnmoki/ Pnidbo`gpgbot go pni Kyce mvgti evbadbazci~ gopivmdpgbot fip{iio vguiv`gtdnmvkit# tmcp!{mpiv# {ipcmo`t mo`piazivmpyvi/ Amow nmfgpmpt be dbaaivdgmc egtn# zmvpgdycmvcw pnbti

ìzioìop bo {ipcmo`t# mvizvbhidpi` pb fi tiuivicw pnvimpioi`fw vmzg` tim ciuic vgti mo` {mvaivpiazivmpyvit/

Mvimt {nivi pni {mpiv tyzzcw mo`}ymcgpw mvi tpvitti`# {nivi {mtpi!`gtzbtmc twtpiat mvi tyftpmo`mv`mo` {nivi icidpvgdgpw gt cgagpi`# tydnmt pni dbcbogmt be Tbypn Pi~mt# {gccfi `gtzvbzbvpgbompicw fyvìoi` fw{mpiv!vicmpi` gccoittit go`ydi` fwpni gazmdpt be dcgampi dnmoki/

Dbcbogmt vieivt pb pni mvim mcbok pnifbvìv pnmp gt dbazbti` be ngkncwgazbuivgtni` dbaayogpgit/ P{icuizivdiop be pni =9:: fbvìv dbcbogmtmvi {gpnbyp zbvpmfci {mpiv mo` mom``gpgbomc 4:) `b obp nmui mddittpb {mtpi{mpiv pvimpaiop emdgcgpgit/Mcvim`w pni Ai~gdmo"^gdmobzbzycmpgbo tyeeivt `gtzvbzbvpgbompii~zbtyvi pb byp`bbv mo` go`bbv

zbccypmopt# nmxmv`byt{mtpi tgpit# mo` zitpgdgìt/Cim` mo` aivdyvw nmui mogodvimti` vgtl be imvcwìmpn evba mtpnam# cim`zbgtbogok# finmugbvmc mo`ìuicbzaiopmc zvbfciat#

mo` dmodiv/;9

Ecbb`gok

Dbmtpmc dbaayogpgit {gccfi emdi` {gpn i~pviai{impniv iuiopt pnmp mvi

abvi gopioti mo` abvi evi}yiop/ Mttim ciuic vgtit# ecbb`gok {gcc godvimtigo cb{!cwgok dbmtpmc mvimt mo`fimdnit/ Mzzvb~gampicw >:) be zibzci be dbcbv go pni Yogpi` Tpmpitcgui go dbmtpmc vikgbot/;5 Tnbvp#

gopioti vmgoemcc iuiopt nmuigodvimti` go evi}yiodw buiv pni cmtpìdmì/

Go Hycw 6::6# m vmgotpbva `yazi`0: godnit go Tbypn Pi~mt buiv boi{iil# dmytgok amttgui ecbb`gok mo`buiv = fgccgbo `bccmvt go `mamkit/Pni `mw {mt cmfici` pni tidbo`vmgogitp `mw go pni ngtpbvw be pni dgpwbe Tmo Mopbogb# P^/ 0>#::: nbait{ivi gazmdpi` mt nbytit {ivivgzzi` bee pnigv ebyo`mpgbot cimugok=:::t be zibzci {gpnbyp nbait mo`mp cimtp > ìm`/ Pngt tpbva ebccb{i`pni 6::= ecbb`t go Nbytpbo evbaPvbzgdmc Tpbva Mccgtbo# cmfici` pni{bvtp go pniw dgpwt ngtpbvw/ Dmcci` fwpni amwbv pni dgpwtfgkkitp `gtmtpiviuiv# pni tpbva ciep6: ìm` mo` buiv

0/> fgccgbo go`mamkit/ Pni tmaivmgot mctb ciep mp cimtp

=#::: emagcgitnbaicitt go ImtpFmpbo Vbyki Zmvgtngo Cbygtgmom/;;

Tpvbok vmgo iuioptmvi cgoli` pb mamvli` ìdvimti godbmtpmc {mpiv}ymcgpw mo` godvimtigodgìodi be

gopitpgomc ugvytit/ Ecmtn ecbb`tgodvimti pni oyafiv mo`dbodiopvmpgbo be zbccypmopt iopivgokpni kvbyo` mo` tyvemdi {mpiv#eyvpnivgok dbopmagompgbo be {mpivtbyvdit/ ;> Ecmtn ecbb`t mvim``gpgbomccw cgoli` pb `vb{ogok#

nbai `mamki# `gtzcmdiaiop be zibzci mo` `gtvyzpgbo be ti{mkitivugdit/ [ngci {imcpnw nbaib{oivamw fi mfci pb abui# cb{!godbaizibzci mvi citt mfci pb abui mo`pwzgdmccw cmdl gotyvmodi pb vizcmdizbttittgbot cbtp go tpbvat mo` ecbb`t/

Goeidpgbyt @gtimtit

Dnmokit go {mpiv tyzzcgit goecyiodipni tzvim` be `gtimtit mo` {mpiv!fbvoi zmpnbkiot/ Gp dmo fi i~zidpi`

pnmp goeidpgbot evba fmdpivgm# ugvytitmo` zvbpbxbm {gcc godvimti# mcbok{gpn kmtpvbgopitpgomc gccoittit/[mvaiv piazivmpyvit mo` i~pviai{impniv dbo`gpgbot dmo i~zmo` pninmfgpmp mo` goeidpgugpw be `gtimti!dmvvwgok gotidpt mo` godvimti pnizbpiopgmc ebv goeidpgbot# tydn mtamcmvgm# iodiznmcgpgt mo` ìokyieiuiv/ ;7 Dmtit be fbpn ìokyi moàmcmvgm nmui mcvim`w godvimti` gopni cmtp p{b ìdmìt go pni Kyce Tpmpit/ Godvimtit go tpmo`gok {mpiv#{gcc i~pio` pni fvii`gok kvbyo` ebvabt}ygpbit mo` pni kvb{pn be mccivkiot# tydn mt abc` mo` eyokg/Goeidpgbot be [itp Ogci mo` amcmvgmmvi mctb cglicw pb godvimti/

Egkyvi 6:8 Dcgampi dnmoki gt zvi`gdpi` pb ìdvimtiegtn zbzycmpgbot/ Egtnivebcl mo` zibzci izioìop boegtn mt m ebb` tbyvdi mvi mvpgdycmv uycoivmfci /

Egkyvi 6=8 @gtimtit evba goeidpgbyt abt}ygpbit {gcctzvim` {gpn dcgampi dnmoki/ Pni zbbv mo` pnbti {gpnbypnimcpn gotyvmodi {gcc fi abtp gazmdpi`/


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DBODCYTGBOT

Pni Kyce be Ai~gdb gt m amhbv nyf be pni bgc go`ytpvw# {nivi i~pvmdpgbo#pvmotzbvpmpgbo# viegoiaiop# mo`

`gtpvgfypgbo bddyv `mgcw Dbaayogpgit be dbcbv mo` pni

amvkgomcgxi` mvi pmvkipi` mo``gtzbvpmpgbompicw fyvìoi` fw pnizbccypivt mo` fw dcgampi dnmoki /

Pni bgc go`ytpvw nmt dmyti` amttguidbopmagompgbo be mgv# {mpiv# mo` tbgcpnmp nmt ìtpvbwi` pni emvacmo` moègtnivgit/

Egepw!tiuio viegoivgit mcbok pni Kyce dbmtp iagp mp cimtp 04/> agccgbo

zbyo`t be dniagdmct m wimv/ Pni go`ytpvw nmt evi}yiop mddgìopt#

umtpcw yoìvvizbvpt gpt zbccypgbo fw mpcimtp 46/9 agccgbo zbyo`t m wimv mo`gt yomddbyopmfci pb gpt nbtpdbaayogpgit/

Dcgampi dnmoki# dmyti` cmvkicw fwpni bgc go`ytpvw# gt tip pb nmuidmpmtpvbzngd gazmdpt bo pni Kyce dbmtp/

Vmzg` godvimtit go evitn {mpiv`gtdnmvkit gopb pni Kyce be Ai~gdbcim` pb nmvaeyc pb~gd mckmc fcbbat/Pniti fcbbat mvi cgoli` pb ebb`!fbvoi `gtimtit go egtn mo` tniccegtn# mt{icc mt `mamki pb nmfgpmp moòyvtivgit/ >: Dboti}yiopcw# impgok egtn

mo` tniccegtn dmo dmytikmtpvbgopitpgomc `gtimtit# oiyvbpb~gdzbgtbogok# vitzgvmpbvw `gtimtit mo`tlgo goeidpgbot# tbai {ngdn amw fiempmc/ Pni diopivt be cglicw godvimtitgo tniccegtn dbopmagompgbo mvi mcbokpni Pi~mt Dbmtp oimv Kmcuitpbo Fmwmo` Cbygtgmom/>=

Goeidpgbyt `gtimtit vi}ygvi imvcwìpidpgbo mo` pvimpaiop# fyp zibzcibe dbcbv mo` pni zbbv mvi citt cglicwpb nmui nimcpn gotyvmodi# amlgok

pnia abvi uycoivmfci pb goeidpgbotmo` gccoittit/ M``gpgbomccw# zbbvoypvgpgbo# dvb{ì` cgugok dbo`gpgbotmo` cmdl be nimcpn gotyvmodi godvimtitytdizpgfgcgpw pb `gtimti/ 64/5) be Pi~mot `b obp nmui nimcpngotyvmodi# boi be pni ngknitp vmpit gopni ompgbo/>6 Cb{!godbai mo` zbbvdbaayogpgit mvi abvi mp vgtl pbdcgampi dnmoki fidmyti pniw nmuicitt mdditt pb mgv dbo`gpgbogok# cittm{mvioitt be pni `mokiv .tydn mtbxboi `mwt'# abvi cglicw pb cgui goyvfmo mvimt pnmp mdp mt nimp gtcmo`t/

PNI PI^MT P[B!TPIZ

Mepiv i~magogok pni mpvbdgpgitdbaagppi` fw pni bgc go`ytpvw mcbokiuivw tpiz be pngt zvbditt# gp fikt pni}yitpgbo8 {nw `bit pngt dbopgoyi pbnmzzio2 Figok pni cmvkitp fytgoittbo imvpn# kioivmpgok nyo`vi`t be fgccgbot be `bccmvt m wimv go viuioyi#pni go`ytpvw nmt amomki` pb vimdn

ìiz gopb pni zbcgpgdmc zvbditt goabtp dbyopvgit go pni {bvc`/ Wip#ìtzgpi pni go`ytpvwt fgccgbot# pninbtp dbaayogpgit viamgogazbuivgtni` mo` tgdl/

Ompgbomc idbobagit mo` iuio `mgcwcguit mvi gopikvmccw ìzioìop bo bgcmo` niodi pni bgc dbazmogit pnmpzvb`ydi gp/ Pngt gt mppvgfypi` cmvkicw

pb pni emdp pnmppnivi mvi ei{bzpgbot ebvdbotyaivt# moìuio ei{iv{gìcw mumgcmfcimcpivompguit/ Gp gt

vizbvpi` pnmppni bgc go`ytpvwtziop 56 agccgbo`bccmvt bocbffwgok dbokvitt go =77; moàgccgbot abvi go dmazmgkodbopvgfypgbot/ Pni vipyvot mvi ngknebv pngt gouitpaiop# {ngdn vizvitioptpni ebyvpn cmvkitp mabyop be mowgo`ytpvw/ Pm~ `bccmvt {iop pbtyzzbvp abvi pnmo 9 fgccgbo `bccmvtm wimv go dbvzbvmpi {icemvi fw pniY/T/ kbuivoaiop/ >4

Pni kbuivoaiop beeivt ei{godiopguit pb gouitp go vioi{mfciioivkw mo` ioivkw!ieegdgiodw/Gotpim`# gp pyvot pb{mv` zvbegpmfcii~zcbgpmpgbo/ Go ittiodi# Maivgdmotpm~ `bccmvt eyo` pni iougvboaiopmccwmo` tbdgmccw ìtpvydpguizvmdpgdit be pni aycpg!fgccgbo`bccmv bgc dbvzbvmpgbot/ Pni[bvc` Pvmì Bvkmogxmpgbo#[bvc` Fmol mo` GopivompgbomcAboipmvw Eyo` mcc zivzipympipngt ìzioìodi mo` ebtpiv pnikvb{pn mo` zb{iv be pni bgcgo`ytpvw/

Pni dyvviop zbcgpgdmc dcgampigccytpvmpit ìiz!timpi`dbvvyzpgbo be pni zbcgpgdt be bgc/Zvitgìop Fytn# iafi`ì` gopni dycpyvi be Pi~mt bgci~zcbvmpgbo# zvb`ydi` moioivkw zcmo vim` mt ge {vgppiofw I~~boAbfgc/ Pni Ugdi!

Zvitgìop gt pni ebvaiv DIB be Nmccgfyvpbo Bgc< pni Tidvipmvw be pni Mvaw gt m ebvaiv ugdizvitgìop be Iovbo/ Evbadbvzbvmpi {icemvi pb pm~!dypt pbvidiop {mvt# pni [ngpi Nbytitzbcgdgit mvi dbuivi` {gpn bgcmo` pni zibzci mvi zmwgok# obpbocw {gpn pnigv pm~ `bccmvt# fypmctb {gpn pnigv nimcpn mo` pnigveypyvi/ Go ittiodi# pni

zbcgpgdgmot egomodgmccw vi{mv` pnigo`ytpvw ebv gpt mfytgui# yohytpzvmdpgdit/

Pni twoivkgtpgd vicmpgbot fip{iiokbuivoaiop beegdgmct mo` bgcdbvzbvmpgbot ivbì ìabdvmdw mo`yoìvagoi dbaayogpw nimcpn# pniiougvboaiop mo` {bvlivt vgknpt/

Pni ecb{ be aboiw dbait mp pnii~zioti be hytpgdi mo` i}ymczvbpidpgbo mt kymvmopii` fw cm{mo` amlit gp mcc pbb dbouiogiop ebvzbcgpgdgmot pb pyvo m fcgo` iwi pbzbgtboi` dbaayogpgit mo` dcgampidnmoki/

Egkyvi 668 Pni aypymccw fioiegdgmc vicmpgbotngz fip{iio pni bgcgo`ytpvw mo` zbcgpgdgmot vigoebvdit gohytpgdi


25/26

64

EGOMC PNBYKNPT

Pni zvbegp be bgc dbvzbvmpgbot gtebyoì` bo pni zivzipympgbo be iougvboaiopmc gohytpgdit mp iuivwtpiz be pni zvbditt mo` pnii~zcbgpmpgbo be pni abtp uycoivmfci

mo` amvkgomcgxi` tidpbvt be pnizbzycmpgbo/ Pniw nmui fiiomccb{i` pb ngì pnigv zbccypgbo#agtgoebva pni zyfcgd# fyw!bee mkiodgit mo` zbcgpgdgmot# mo` {bvtpbe mcc zbgtbo dbyopcitt dbaayogpgitmo` {bvlivt/ @iabdvmdw mo`nyamo vgknpt nmui fiioyoìvagoi` go bvìv pb tyzzbvp mvypncitt m``gdpgbo pb ebttgc eyict/Kbuivoaiop mkiodgit dbopgoymccwpyvo m fcgo` iwi pb pni gohytpgdit mo`tgì {gpn pni zbccypivt mo` zvbegp#mfmo`bogok dbaagpaiopt pb i}ygpw#

hytpgdi# mo` cgei/

Pniti pwvmoogdmc dbvzbvmpgbot mvizmvm`gok ebv idbobagd kcbfmcgxmpgbomt wip mobpniv yohytp aidnmogta pbeyvpniv i~pio` zvbegpt# zb{iv# mo`zbccypgbo/ Dcgampi dnmoki gccytpvmpitpni i~zmotgbo be cbdmc gohytpgdit gopbyozvidiìopi` iougvboaiopmc mo`nyamo vgknpt `gtmtpivt/

Pni bgc go`ytpvw go pni Kyce nmtvbffi` dbaayogpgit be pnigv vgknp pbm nimcpnw iougvboaiop# `gkogpw# mo`cguicgnbb`/ Pnyt# pni zvbpidpgbo be nimcpn# cguicgnbb`# mo` dycpyvi gtgopikvmccw cgoli` pb pni bzzbtgpgbo be pni dyvviop twtpia be dbvzbvmpidbopvbc/

Pni tpvykkci ebv iougvboaiopmc mo`dcgampi hytpgdi vi}ygvitgoìzioìodi evba byv m``gdpgbo pbbgc mo` m ì`gdmpgbo pb vioi{mfci

ioivkw mo` ioivkw!ieegdgiodw/Tbypn{itp [bvlivt Yogbo dmcct ebvdbouivkiodi fip{iio pnbtifyvìoi` fw pni bgc go`ytpvw mcbokpni Kyce Dbmtp pb `gmcbkyi#tpvmpikgit# mo` iougtgbo m eypyvi pnmpgt i}ygpmfci# nimcpnw moìazb{ivi` ebv pni dbmtpmcdbaayogpgit mo` zipvbciya{bvlivt/

IO@OBPIT

= @izmvpaiop be Ioivkw/ Mo IoivkwBuivugi{ be Ai~gdb/ nppz8""{{{/ei/`bi/kbu"gopivompgbomc"ai~gbuiv/npac

6 Bgc# pni [bvc` Pvmì Bvkmogxmpgbo# mo`Kcbfmcgxmpgbo/ 6::=/ Zvbhidp

Yoìvkvbyo`/ nppz8""{{{/abcit/bvk"ZvbhidpYoìvkvbyo`"`b{ocbm`t":==:65{pb/zè

4 Iougvboaiopmc Hytpgdi mo` DcgampiDnmoki Gogpgmpgui/ Dcgampi Dnmoki %Iougvboaiopmc Hytpgdi/ Emdp Tniip/{{{/ihdd/bvk/

0 Tpmociw# @/ V/# [gctbo# Dnmvcit M/ 6:::/Umvgmpgbo go pni iotgpw mo` tzidgitdbazbtgpgbo be egtnit mttbdgmpi` {gpnpnvii zipvbciya zcmpebvat ytgok ymcfima nw`vbmdbytpgdt/ EgtnivgitVitimvdn 0;8 =5=!=;6/

9 @izmvpaiop be Ioivkw/ Mo IoivkwBuivugi{ be Ai~gdb/ nppz8""{{{/ei/`bi/kbu"gopivompgbomc"ai~gbuiv/npac5 Y/T/ Iougvboaiopmc Zvbpidpgbo Mkiodw/=777/ Pni Idbcbkgdmc Dbo`gpgbo be Itpymvgit go pni Kyce be Ai~gdb/[mtngokpbo @/D/# IZM 56:!V!7>!::08 4!>:/

; Vmgoit# F/ 4= @idiafiv 6::=/ Tpy`gitGo`gdmpi Kyce Bgc Vgkt Mvi Gtcmo`t be Cikmc Dbopmagompgbo/ Abfgci Vikgtpiv/

> Tpmociw# @/ V/# [gctbo# Dnmvcit M/ 6:::/7 Kivcbppb# E/# Fivdw# D/# Fbvìmy# F/ =7>7/

Idnb gopikvmpgbo tyvuiw mvbyo`beetnbvi bgc i~pvmdpgbo zcmpebvat bee Dmaivbbo8 bftivumpgbot be pni vizyctguiieeidp bo egtn be tbai mvpgegdgmccw iagppi`tbyo`t/ Zvbd/ Gotp/ Mdbytp/ =78 ;7!>>/

=: Vmgoit# F/ 4= @idiafiv 6::=/==Mkiodw ebv Pb~gd Tyftpmodit mo` @gtimti

Vikgtpvw/ Pb~EM]t ebv Aivdyvw/ DMT$;047!7;!5{{{/mpt`v/d`d/kbu"pemdpt05/npac

=6 Wmoix# Gubooi/ =775/ Bgc{mpdn Ai~gdb8Fmtpm ì Mddgìopit Gazyoit- Bgc{mpdnAi~gdb/

=4 Wmoix# Gubooi/ =775 Pvmotcmpi` fwTbypn{itp [bvlivt Yogbo/

=0 Kcbfmc I~dnmoki/ =775/ Nyamo Vgknptmo` Iougvboaiopmc go Pmfmtdb/ TmoEvmodgtdb# nppz8""ecmk/fcmdlioi`/oip"

viubcp"ai~gdb"vizbvpt"k~nviou/npac/=9 Omviom!Fmvvbtbt# I/# Kbc`!Fbydnbp# K/#Xmzmpm!Zivix# B/# mo` Tivgdmob# H/C/=777/ &Zbcwoydcimv MvbampgdNw`vbdmvfbot go Maivgdmo BwtpivtDvmttbtpvim ugvkgogdm evba pni PivagobtCmkbbo# Dmazidni# Ai~gdb/& AmvgoiZbccypgbo Fyccipgo 4>.>'8 54;!509/

=5 Bfgmhyo{m# I/ G/# Ziciab# @/M/# B{bcmfg#A/L/# Hbnotbo!Empblyo# E/B/ 6::6/&Dnmvmdpivgtmpgbo be nimuw aipmczbccypmopt be tbgct mo` ti`gaiopt mvbyo`

m dvyì bgc zvb`ydpgbo pivagomc ytgokI@^VE/& Oydcimv Gotpvyaiopt moÀipnb`t go Znwtgdt Vitimvdn Tidpgbo F8Fima Gopivmdpgbot {gpn Ampivgmct mo`Mpbat =70.='8 5=!50/

=; IougvbNimcpnMdpgbo/ Nimuw Aipmct/nppz8""{{{/iougvbnimcpnmdpgbo/bvk"pb~gdt"nimuwRaipmct

=>Cgliot# K/I/# @gtdbcc# D/P/# Fytb# @/D/ =77Cbok!piva Ieeidpt be Mdg` Vmgo8Vitzboti mo` Vidbuivw be m EbvitpIdbtwtpia/ Tdgiodi 604 .0>76'8 600!;//

60 Pi~mt Ompyvmc Vitbyvdi DbotivumpgboDbaagttgbo/ Cimlgok ZTP Zvbkvma/nppz8""{{{/povdd/tpmpi/p~/yt"zivagppgok"viai`"vzv"

69 Pngol ]yitp/ Zipvbciya TpbvmkiPivagomct/ Pni Iougvboaiop8 M KcbfmcDnmccioki/ nppz8""cgfvmvw/pngol}yitp/bvk"65:65"NimcpnRDbodivot"zipvbciyaRtpbvmkiRpivagomct/npac

65 Dipgo# I/# B`mfmtg# A/# Tiwegbkcy# V/6::4/ &Mafgiop Ubcmpgci BvkmogdDbazbyo` .UBD' Dbodiopvmpgbotmvbyo` m Zipvbdniagdmc Dbazci~ mo` mZipvbciya Viegoivw/& Pni Tdgiodi be pniPbpmc Iougvboaiop 4=68 =:4!==6/

6; IZM/ Mzvgc =777/ =77; Pb~gd VicimtiGouiopbvw/

6>

[m~amo# N/ M/ =777/ Bgc Viegoivgit Emgcpb Vizbvp Agccgbot be Zbyo`t be NmvaeycIagttgbot/ [mtngokpbo# @D# Y/T/ Nbytibe Vizvitiopmpguit8 =!=0/

67 DcgampiMvl Oi{t/ 5 Hmo/ 6::: Ziai~gt Ai~gdb+t `gvpgitp mgv zbccypiv/nppz8""{{{/dcgampimvl/bvk"mvpgdcit"6:::"=tp"ziagtai~/npa

4: [m~amo# N/ M/ =777/ Bgc Viegoivgit Emgcpb Vizbvp Agccgbot be Zbyo`t be NmvaeycIagttgbot/ [mtngokpbo# @D# Y/T/ Nbytibe Vizvitiopmpguit8 =!=0/


26/26

4= IZM# Gouiopbvw be Y/T/ Kviionbyti Kmt

Iagttgbot mo` Tgolt8 =77:!=77;# 6!4:#Pmfci 6!6;

46 YT @izmvpaiop be Ioivkw/ YT ViegogokDmzmdgpw/ nppz8""{{{/igm/`bi/kbu"zyf"bgcRkmt"zipvbciya"momcwtgtRzyfcgdmpgbot"bgcRamvlipRfmtgdt"ViegogokRpi~p/npa$Y/T/)6:Viegogok)6:Dmzmdgpw

44 Dbazgcmpgbo be `mpm mt vizbvpi` pb IZM/Mumgcmfci mp {{{/tdbvidmv`/bvk

40 Ebv pngt vizbvp# m dbaayogpw be dbcbv gt`iegoi` mt pni zbzycmpgbo {gpngo 4 agcitbe pni viegoivw

the oil industry in the gulf of mexico: a history of environmental injustices

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