Cell Energy and Enzymes REVIEW GAME

See also the NOTES documents posted online at our wikispace, the online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,and all assignments and materials related to cell structure (Cells Alive!!! Assignment!!!), and to diffusion and osmosis (LABS!!!)

The NeuronREVIEW GAMEIdentify each of the labeled structures of the neuron below.

A.B.C.D.E.F.G.

Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron below.

A. dendritesB. nucleusC. cell bodyD. axonE. axon endingsF. nodes of RanvierG. Schwann cells/myelin sheath

Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.The ___________ of a neuron contains the DNA and is the control center of the cell.The ___________ of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cellular organelles.

Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.The nucleus of a neuron contains the DNA and is the control center of the cell.The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cellular organelles.

Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.Signals come in to the neuron through the ________, and travel out of the neuron along the ________, at the end of which the __________ contact the next neuron in the communication chain.

Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.Signals come in to the neuron through the dendrites, and travel out of the neuron along the axon, at the end of which the axon endings contact the next neuron in the communication chain.

Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall?

plant cellsbacterial cellsFungianimal cellsWhich of the following do NOT have a cell wall?

plant cellsbacterial cellsFungianimal cellsThe plasma membrane is composed ofa single layer of proteinsa phospholipid bi-layera carbohydrate bi-layera single layer of lipidsThe plasma membrane is composed ofa single layer of proteinsa phospholipid bi-layera carbohydrate bi-layera single layer of lipidsThis organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.

NucleusRibosomeVacuoleCytoplasm

This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.

NucleusRibosomeVacuoleCytoplasm

Which of the following is the energy supplier in eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNALysosomeMitochondriaGolgi apparatusendoplasmic reticulumribosomeWhich of the following is the energy supplier in eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNALysosomeMitochondriaGolgi apparatusendoplasmic reticulumribosomeThis organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell division; the spindle fibers attach to it.vacuolechloroplastnucleusribosomecentrioleThis organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell division; the spindle fibers attach to it.vacuolechloroplastnucleusribosomecentrioleWhich of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell?LysosomeChloroplastMitochondriaGolgi bodyWhich of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell?LysosomeChloroplastMitochondriaGolgi bodyThe major job of the ribosome is to

make fatsmake proteinsbreak down proteinsmake sugars The major job of the ribosome is to

make fatsmake proteinsbreak down proteinsmake sugars What is a semi-permeable membrane?A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through.A membrane that is different on each side.A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass through.What is a semi-permeable membrane?A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through.A membrane that is different on each side.A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass through.The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best described as

a single lipid layeran impenetrable barrier.a rigid, strong layer protecting the cella lipid bi-layer.

The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best described as

a single lipid layeran impenetrable barrier.a rigid, strong layer protecting the cella lipid bi-layer.

The plasma membrane is referred to as a fluid mosaic because it is made up of

a) phospholipids and celluloseb) nucleic acids and proteinsc) phospholipids and proteinsd) proteins and cellulose

The plasma membrane is referred to as a fluid mosaic because it is made up of

a) phospholipids and celluloseb) nucleic acids and proteinsc) phospholipids and proteinsd) proteins and cellulose

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This statement means thata) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or exit a cell more easily than others.c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This statement means thata) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or exit a cell more easily than others.c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?small polar moleculessmall non-polar moleculeslarge polar moleculeslarge non-polar moleculeslarge neutral molecules

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?small polar moleculessmall non-polar moleculeslarge polar moleculeslarge non-polar moleculeslarge neutral molecules

For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion.Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the molecule. CO2:O2:H2O:C6H12O6:K+ :Na+ :Ca2+ :

For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion.Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the molecule. CO2: YES! It CAN! Its both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!O2: YES! It CAN! Its both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!H2O: WATER!!! NO! It CANNOT! Yes, its SMALL, but it is POLAR (hydrophilic)!C6H12O6: GLUCOSE!!! NO! It CANNOT! Its both LARGE and POLAR (hydrophilic)!K+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, its SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!Na+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, its SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!Ca2+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, its SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement ofmolecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.water molecules across a membrane.gas molecules across a membrane.gas or water molecules across a membrane.Simple diffusion is defined as the movement ofmolecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.water molecules across a membrane.gas molecules across a membrane.gas or water molecules across a membrane.The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?

TemperatureSize of moleculesSteepness of the concentration gradientA, B and CThe rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?

TemperatureSize of moleculesSteepness of the concentration gradientA, B and CWhen the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state:the movement of all molecules stops completelymolecules continue to move but in equal partsa hypertonic solution is formednone of the aboveWhen the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state:the movement of all molecules stops completelymolecules continue to move but in equal partsa hypertonic solution is formednone of the aboveWhich of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is TRUE?a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source.b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration gradient.c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented by a concentration gradient.d) None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is TRUE?a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source.b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration gradient.c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented by a concentration gradient.d) None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding active transport is TRUE?a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient.c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.d) All of the above

Which of the following statements regarding active transport is TRUE?a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient.c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.d) All of the above

Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE?a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules.b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system.c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent.

Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE?a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules.b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system.c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent.

Statement c above is FALSE: In reality diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are MORE concentrated to areas where they are LESS concentrated, in other words from HIGH to LOW concentration.

The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is

facilitated diffusion requires energyfacilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cellsimple diffusion requires energyfacilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is

facilitated diffusion requires energyfacilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cellsimple diffusion requires energyfacilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.Facilitated diffusion occursinto the cell only.out of the cell only.in either direction depending on the temperature.in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.Facilitated diffusion occursinto the cell only.out of the cell only.in either direction depending on the temperature.in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.Exocytosis is a process by which cellsrelease substances from the cell through pores in the cell membrane.release substances from the cell via vesicles.release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.bring in substances from the outside via vesicles.bring in substances from the outside via pores in the cell membrane.Exocytosis is a process by which cellsrelease substances from the cell through pores in the cell membrane.release substances from the cell via vesicles.release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.bring in substances from the outside via vesicles.bring in substances from the outside via pores in the cell membrane.Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described asPinocytosis.Osmosis.Receptor-mediated exocytosis.Phagocytosis.Diffusion.Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described asPinocytosis.Osmosis.Receptor-mediated exocytosis.Phagocytosis.Diffusion.Cells occasionally need to take in or drink large amounts of water, which term best describe the process by which cells DRINK or take in vesicles of water?

Pinocytosis.Receptor-mediated endocytosis.Phagocytosis.Diffusion.Cells occasionally need to take in or drink large amounts of water, which term best describe the process by which cells DRINK or take in vesicles of water?

Pinocytosis.Receptor-mediated endocytosis.Phagocytosis.Diffusion.When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the process by which cells release substances from the cell?

PinocytosisEndocytosisPhagocytosisExocytosis

When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the process by which cells release substances from the cell?

PinocytosisEndocytosisPhagocytosisExocytosis

Which method of transport moves substances in or out of the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY?DiffusionOsmosisFacilitated diffusionActive transport

Which method of transport moves substances in or out of the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY?DiffusionOsmosisFacilitated diffusionActive transport

Facilitated diffusion is used to transportH2O and O2O2 and CO2CO2and H2OIons and H2O

Facilitated diffusion is used to transportH2O and O2O2 and CO2CO2and H2OIons and H2O

Osmosis is best defined as the movement ofsolute molecules across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentrationsolute molecules across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentrationwater molecules across a membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area of higher water concentrationwater molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentrationOsmosis is best defined as the movement ofsolute molecules across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentrationsolute molecules across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentrationwater molecules across a membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area of higher water concentrationwater molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentrationA solution in which the solute concentration outside a cell is LOWER cell than the solute concentration inside the cell is calleda

hypotonic solutionhypertonic solutionisotonic solutioncytotonic solutionA solution in which the solute concentration outside a cell is LOWER cell than the solute concentration inside the cell is calleda

hypotonic solutionhypertonic solutionisotonic solutioncytotonic solutionA solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside the cell is calledan isotonic solutiona hypertonic solutiona hypotonic solutiona cytotonic solution

A solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside the cell is calledan isotonic solutiona hypertonic solutiona hypotonic solutiona cytotonic solution

A cell in a hypertonic solutionloses water and shrinksgains water and expandsgains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shapenone of the above

A cell in a hypertonic solutionloses water and shrinksgains water and expandsgains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shapenone of the above

A red blood cell placed in an isotonic medium willExpand.Burst.Shrink.Have no change in shape.A red blood cell placed in an isotonic medium willExpand.Burst.Shrink.Have no change in shape.A cell in a hypotonic solutionloses water and shrinksgains water and expandsgains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shapenone of the aboveA cell in a hypotonic solutionloses water and shrinksgains water and expandsgains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shapenone of the aboveAfter eating a salty snack like potato chips, the cells in your mouth become saturated with salt. What happens to the cells in your mouth as they react to the ELEVATED salt environment?water moves into the cells causing them to burstsalt moves into the cells causing them to burstsalt moves out of the cells causing them to shrinkwater moves out of the cells causing them to shrink.After eating a salty snack like potato chips, the cells in your mouth become saturated with salt. What happens to the cells in your mouth as they react to the ELEVATED salt environment?water moves into the cells causing them to burstsalt moves into the cells causing them to burstsalt moves out of the cells causing them to shrinkwater moves out of the cells causing them to shrink.When a plant cell is placed in a salt water solution, the cell is affected and changes size. What part of the cell will be UNAFFECTED?

The cytoplasmThe cell membraneThe cell wallThe vacuoleWhen a plant cell is placed in a salt water solution, the cell is affected and changes size. What part of the cell will be UNAFFECTED?

The cytoplasmThe cell membraneThe cell wallThe vacuoleThe diagram to the right represents a plant cell in distilled water as seen with a compound light microscope.Which diagram below best represents the appearance of that cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solutionfor two minutes?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

The diagram to the right represents a plant cell in distilled water as seen with a compound light microscope.Which diagram below best represents the appearance of that cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solutionfor two minutes? This is a high salt concentration solution,therefore a hypertonic solution. Water will move OUT of the cell, causing it to shrink within its plasma membrane, but the cell wall (a rigid structure) will maintain its shape, a situation shown in (3) below.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4