the nets program networking research at nsfnsrc.cse.psu.edu/slides/evans.pdf · the nets program...

The NeTS Program–

Networking Research at NSFDr. Joseph B. Evans

Program DirectorComputer and Network Systems

Computer & Information Science & EngineeringNational Science Foundation

Networking Research Center Industry Day 2004Penn State University

21 April 2004State College, Pennsylvania

Context for NeTS

17 May 2004 NeTS Program 3

NeTS Goals

More Impact from Our ResearchMore Impact from Our Research

Better Service to CommunityBetter Service to Community

CISE Reorganization

New Program

Improved Practices


CISE Reorganization Goals• Realign divisions for coherence • Cluster similar programs

– Increase productivity and efficiency for investigators and program officers

– Increase grant size and duration– Sharpen focus and increase agility

• Develop themes for cross-cutting initiatives• Integrate education and research• Broaden participation• Build on success of ITR


CISE Organization

Office of the Assistant Director

Division of Computing andCommunication

Foundations (CCF)

Abdali

Anger

Division of Computer

and Network Systems (CNS)

Andrews

Fisher

Division of Information and

Intelligent Systems (IIS)

Pazzani

Bainbridge

Division of Shared CyberInfrastructure

(SCI)

Kim

Munoz

FreemanCrawford

Themes


CISE Organization

Office of the Assistant Director

Division of Computing andCommunication

Foundations (CCF)

Division of Computer

and Network Systems (CNS)

Division of Information and

Intelligent Systems (IIS)

Division of Shared CyberInfrastructure

(SCI)

FreemanCrawford

Network Systems

Computer Systems

ComputingResearch

Infrastructure

Clusters


Network Systems Cluster• People

– Program Directors• Joe Evans, Admela Jukan, and Guru Parulkar

– Others• Darleen Fisher, Ty Znati (part-time)

• Current activities– New NeTS program within the cluster– Networks Cluster Themes

• Cyber Trust

NeTS Program


NeTS Elements• Three elements (this time)

– Broadly Defined Networking Research– Focus Area 1: Programmable Wireless Networks– Focus Area 2: Networking of Sensor Systems

• A well-coordinated “realignment” of networking to– Sharpen focus and increase topical agility– Increase impact– Increase efficiency, e.g. grant size and duration– Improve service to investigator– Increase efficiency for program officers


NeTS Program ElementsPast Networking Programs

Communications

Embedd

ed S

ystem

s,

Distrib

uted S

ystem

s

Cyber TrustBroadly Defined

Networking Research

Networking ofSensor Systems

ProgrammableWireless Networks

NeTS Broadly DefinedNetworking Research


Topics in Broadly Defined Area • Network and Protocol Architectures• Fundamental Understanding and Design• Network Control and Management• Innovative Networking Technologies• Extensible Networks• Strategic Research for the Internet


Broad Area Research Context

• Too many projects– Focused on Internet but do not meet basic requirements for success

• Hardly any projects on new paradigms and next generation

Internet Research

Next Generation Networks

• Need compelling evidence for the target problems• Solutions must

– Be integrated into existing protocol stack and systems– Not break something else

• Clean slate design• Wide scale deployment in ten years• Make appropriate assumptions about

technologies, applications, etc.


Next Generation Networking

Ubiquity

Autonomicity

EvolvabilityScalability

Trustworthy

Technologies

Optical Wireless SoC

SensorsControllers

Capabilities

Approaches

Theory

Systems

Testbeds

New Paradigms

•New

Architecture•

Radical Innovation

•Strategic Evolution

NeTS Focus Area

Networking of Sensor Systems


Networking of Sensor Systems

New Machines

New Environments New Applications

New Scale Billion to trillion devices!


The Technology Gap

applications

service

protocol

system

architecture

data mgmt

technology

MEMSsensing Power

Comm. uRobotsactuateProc

Store

Networking of SES

Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things

Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world


NoSS Approach

FoundationsResearch

ExperimentalSystems

ReusableSystems &

Science

DeployedInfrastructureApplications

CommercialSolutions

Focus of This Program

Close Coupling Required

Without this progress willslow down significantly

Programmable Manageable Durable Secured Networks of SES to Enable

Seamless Physical Webs


Expected Results• Foundations research

– Theoretical, algorithms and systems• Systems

– Several platforms; OS and protocols stacks; networked programming environments

• Many local testbeds with applications• Education and training

– Graduate/undergraduate courses with experimental projects

– Many graduate students with hands-on experience• Identifiable distinct community

– Members coming from sensors, embedded hardware, OS, networking, middleware, applications

NeTS Focus Area

Programmable Wireless Networks


Recent Wireless Themes

Advances in radio system engineering – flexible radios are

just becoming available

Recognition that spectrum iswoefully under-utilized

Proposals to dramaticallyre-architect the modes &

mechanisms for using radiofrequencies

End-user interest in mobileaccess to information

Requirements of nationaldefense & homeland security

Applications Policy

Technology

Opportunity - Wireless Networks That Exploit Flexibility


State of Wireless Networking• Wireless systems today

– Inflexible, wasteful static spectrum allocations

– Fixed radio functions– Limited network and systems

coordination• Implications

– Proliferation of standards, such as Wi-Fi/802.11, Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, CDMA, GSM

– Encourages stovepipe architectures and services

– Discourages innovation and growth

Source: FCC

Source: Linksys

Source: Cisco


Critical Problems• Interference in

unlicensed bands• Underutilization in

many other bands

Source: B. Becker

Source: M. McHenry


Evolution of Wireless SystemsReceive

Transmit

Capture radio waves

Generate radio waves

Extract informationfrom radio waves

Implant informationinto radio waves

Present informationto user

Accept informationfrom user

Circa1900

Today’sSystems

AnalogProcessing

Circuits

Digital SignalProcessingSoftwareD

igiti

zer

Vacuum TubeAnalog Processing Circuits

Derived from version byR. Sternowski

TomorrowA

nalo

gP

roce

ssin

gC

ircui

ts Digital Signal Processing

SoftwareDig

itize

r


Advances in Radios• Software radio attributes and capabilities

– Wide operational frequency supports novel use of multiple bands– Multiple waveforms in a single hardware unit provides interoperability

• Impact– Dynamic spectrum management helps prevent interference– Adaptable to local & current situation; flexible frequency use provides

opportunities for quality of service– Rapid deployment and service creation– Enables new network architectures through flexible & dynamic connectivity

• Systems and networking issues remain unexplored and unexploited!

Microphone

Video

Fax

Data

Narrowband A/D-D/A

(Optional IntegralSource Coding)

N-/RT Software

ProgrammableProcessor(s)?

Tightly Integrated Host Hardware

Antenna WidebandA/D-D/A?


Programmable Wireless Networks• Route messages through network and

interoperate with larger Internet• Dynamically and cooperatively manage

spectrum resources• Self-organize with rapid

initial configuration• Provide for mobility• Support variety of network services• Use adaptation to assure quality of service• Support multiple users & domains


Research Area Evolution

FoundationsResearch

ExperimentalSystems

ReusableSystems &

Science

DeployedInfrastructureApplications

CommercialSolutions

Close coupling required

Required for accelerated

progress

Research Focus

Programmable Wireless

Networking

Architectures, algorithms, & protocols for auto-configuration, topology, routing, management

Programmable wireless systems with radio & software capabilities

for research in networking, management, and control

Programmable wireless systems that provide improved and more efficient connectivity & services


Programmable Wireless Focus

Dynamic spectrum management architectures and techniques

Topology discovery, optimization and network self-configuration –“Spectrum Coordinated Networks” or SCN

Interaction between routing, topology, and administration

Architectures that are secure & robust, with quality of service and policy enforcement

How to choose among possible topologies, and evaluate novel network architectures

Which approaches for diverse applications, communication modes, security & policy domains

Research Area NeedsChanges

Source: H. Rajan


Spectrum Resources• The spectrum resource

space consists of– Frequency – the radio

frequencies used to carry a signal

– Time – the time duration a signal is transmitted

– Space – the volume over which the signal transmission is effectively communicated or causes interference

– Signal format – the manner in which information is encoded on the radio frequency signal

RF resources illustrating a few signals in time, frequency, and space

Freq

uenc

yTime

Space

TDMA

CDMA

TV

FM

Source: G. Minden


Dynamic Spectrum Management• Architectures

– Broker-based and/or sensing-based

• Issues– Implementing policies– Secure and robust– Quality of service– “Contract”

enforcement• Evaluation and

innovation needed

Obtaining Frequencies for Programmable Wireless via Broker

Obtaining Frequencies for Programmable Radio via Sensing


Towards Flexible Topologies• Flexible topologies enabled by multiple

simultaneous frequencies to multiple adjacent nodes– Novel network architectures possible– Significant service and performance improvements

possible, including enhanced reliability and immunity – Need to determine how to choose among possible

topologies, and evaluate network architectures


Routing and Administration• Flexibility creates substantial administration and security

challenges– Already have very hard problems to solve in traditional networks,

and flexibility makes these worse– Which associations are appropriate and trusted?

• Policy & its implementation will be critical– BGP currently the only multi-domain option, with static policies

tuned to particular peerings– Needs to be more automatic & dynamic

• Example - separate public safety,cellular, hot-spot networks– How do they talk?– Under what circumstances?– With what permissions?– At what layer – IP, upper

and lower layers?

Public Safety

Hot-Spot

Cellular


Some Desirable Radio Attributes• Flexible in RF carrier frequency (~0 - 6 GHz)• Flexible in bandwidth (several 10’s MHz)• Flexible in waveform

– A/D and D/A driven, generated/processed by programmable DSP and/or FPGAs• Dials to observe

– Traffic characteristics measured at network layer

– Error rate & characteristics (BER and distribution)

• MAC layer per packet error information

• Network and transport layer per flow correlations

– Receive characteristics• Physical layer – signal strength,

interfering signals, background noise

• MAC layer – transmit power, antenna in use

• Knobs to influence– Physical layer

• Frequency & bandwidth• Transmit power• Beam width & direction• Data rate, code, & chipping rate

– MAC protocol• FEC strength• Retransmit scheme• MTU size• Encryption & parameters

– Network layer• Routing protocol• Addressing plan(s)• ACLs

• Interface framework needed to allow interoperation, with a flexible, usable set of scalable parameters


Impact of Programmable Wireless Networks

• Vastly improved connectivity– Remote areas → use more

power and better frequencies where utilization relatively low

– Urban areas → provide more capacity where utilization is relatively high

• More opportunities for networking devices such as sensors and controllers by providing capacity & adaptability

• More efficient use of a shared national resource

NeTS Logistics


Classes of Proposals • Individual investigator and small group

awards – up to three years and average about $150,000 per investigator per year

• Large group awards – up to four years and request up to $1,000,000 per year

• Facilities awards – up to three years and average about $500,000 per year

• Workshops, planning grants, exploratory grants, etc. – contact Program Director


Help from the Community• Send your best ideas to NSF

– Consistent with focus & goals of the program– We want high risk / high reward proposals

• Suggest and encourage good panelists who can do justice to the proposals and our focus

• Volunteer to be a reviewer and panelist


Contacts & Further Information

www.cise.nsf.gov/prowin/Joseph Evans ([email protected])

Admela Jukan([email protected])

www.cise.nsf.gov/noss/Guru Parulkar ([email protected])

www.cise.nsf.gov

Broadly Defined Networking Research

Networking ofSensor Systems

ProgrammableWireless Networks

NeTS Status Update


Final Remarks• Now is a time of excitement for networks

and networking systems – CISE reorganization has resulted in more

sustained support of networking research

• Networking cluster is committed to – “Making a difference”– Serving research community and supporting

visionary and far-reaching research


The NeTS Program–

Networking Research at NSF

the nets program networking research at nsfnsrc.cse.psu.edu/slides/evans.pdf · the nets program...

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