*The Nervous System*

By: *Jasmine Wright* Donte Nelson

*Importance*

•Major controlling, regulatory, & communicating system in the body•Center of all mental activity•Thought •Learning •Memory

•Sensory input-eyes see something•Hands touch warm surface•Send messages straight to your brain•Integration-interpretation of things you have felt, tasted, and touched with your sensory cells•Motor output•Brain sends a message through neurons to effecter cells, muscle or gland cells

Functions

The nervous system is composed of both central (brain & spinal) and Peripheral components, with the latter having both somatic & autonomic (Parasympathetic & Sympathetic) subdivisions

*Components of The Nervous System*

Anatomy & Physiology

Neurons-structural units of the

nervous system•Conduct messages in

the form of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

•Extreme longevity•Amitotic

•High metabolic rate

Neurotransmitter-language of the nervous

system•Neuron communicates with

others to process & send messages to the rest of the

body•Sleep

•Thought•Rage

•Hunger•Memory

•Movement•Smile reflect the doings of these versatile molecules

Different Types of Nervous System *Different types of The

Nervous System*

Central Nervous System•Brain & Spinal Cord•Control Center

Peripheral Nervous System•Cranial nerves & spinal Nerves• Communication between the CNS & rest of body

ANS•Involuntary•Controls cardiac & smooth muscles & glands

SNS•Voluntary•Controls skeletal muscles

Sympathetic•Mobilizes body systems•Fight/Flight

Parasympathetic•Functions during rest•Rest/Digest

Term Definition Cause Effect

Bell’s Palsy Form of neuritis that involves paralysis of the facial nerve

Unknown (recovery may occur spontaneously

Weakness of the muscles of one side of the face

Cerebral Palsy Nonprogressive disorder of movement

Attributed to damage to the brain

Lack of balance, and intelligence, posture & speech

Motor Neuron Disease

Progressive degenerative disease of the motor system occurring in middle age

Some are inherited Affects the cells of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the motor nuclei in the brainstem, & the corticospinal fibers

Sciatica Common condition arising from compression of, or damage to a nerve or nerve root

Degeneration of an intervertebral disc

Pain in back & outer side of the thigh, leg, & foot

Parkinson’s Disease

Degenerative disease process (associated with aging)

Associated with a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Tremor-affects one hand

Diseases /Disorders

Effects of Drugs & Alcohol

*Most Widely Used Stimulants*•Caffeine•Nicotine-Nicotine binds to a subset of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. ACh is a neurotransmitter at synapses early in the pathways of sympathetic stimulation. Although a weak drug in one sense, nicotine is strongly addictive. The use of chewing gum and skin patches containing nicotine is designed to satisfy the craving for nicotine while avoiding the serious health effects of other ingredients in cigarette smoke.

•Amphetamines•Cocaine-•Amphetamines and cocaine bind to — thus blocking — transporters used for the reuptake of dopamine (and noradrenalin) into presynaptic neurons. This causes the level of dopamine to rise in the synapses. High levels of dopamine in an area of the brain called the nucleus acumens appear to mediate the pleasurable effects associated with these (as well as other) psychoactive drugs.

Effects Of Drugs & Alcohol

•Alcohol's primary target is the central nervous system (CNS), where it influences neurotransmission to produce intoxication.•Difficulty walking•Blurred vision•Slurred speech•Slowed reaction times•Impaired memory•AFFECTS THE BRAIN!!!

•http://pennhealth.com/health_info/animationplayer/brain.html•http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/brain_nervous_system.html •http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookNERV.html •http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html •http://www.animationlibrary.com/c/6/Science_and_Body/