RESTRICTED INTERNAL SECRET

ENGIE February 2020

The need for molecules in the

‘zero carbon energy transition’

Jan Mertens

Chief Science Officer @ ENGIE

Professor @ Ugent

Wednesday 5 February 2020

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

ENGIE and ENGIE Research

Electrification

Synthetic hydrocarbons

Hydrogen

1

2

3

4

Conclusion5

ENGIE and ENGIE Resarch

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

160.000employees

€65 billiontotal revenue

NORTH AMERICA(1)

€3.9 billion

total revenue

⚫ (1) Including Mexico. (2) Including Turkey.

LATIN AMERICA(1)

€4.3 billiontotal revenue

EUROPE(2)

€51.0 billiontotal revenue

AFRICA€0.4 billiontotal revenue

MIDDLE-EAST€0.9 billiontotal revenue

OCEANIA€1.9 billiontotal revenue

ASIA€2.8 billiontotal revenue

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Our ambition is therefore to make zero-carbon transition possible forIndustry and Local authorities.We want to offer our customers a global approach and solution: a detailedanalysis of their needs, leading to a complete overhaul of energy uses todrastically reduce consumption, replacing old equipment with smart energy-efficient equipment, supplying it with green energy. And we will finance it all at acompetitive price for the customer.

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Direct link with SUN-ERGY

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Biomass

gasification

Gaya

France Belgium

Nano-H2

France

OPV for Buidings

Heliatek

Global

Bifacial Solar

testing

Chile

Decentralized Energy

System for Islands

REIDS

Singapore

Floating Wind

turbineHigh Altitude

Airborne Wind

Portugal Germany

Battery

Storage

Pilots are key for

ENGIE and a large

part of the research

budget

Electrification

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

• For personal electric vehicles and buses- point of no return has been reached

• Heat-intensive industrial processes- Smelting

- Refining

• Oil & gas extraction- Improves productivity

- Reduces methane emissions

• Agriculture- High value crops: greenhouses, hydroponics, aquaponics,

aeroponics

- Commodity crops: electrified equipment

By Kevin M. Van Geem, Vladimir V. Galvita and Guy B. Marin

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Renewable Electricity:

• Intermittent

• Difficult to store

Molecules

(e.g. hydrogen, bio- or synthetic

methane, …)

• Continuous

• Better for heating

• Easy to store and easier to

move around

• Addresses also waste issues

• Can be made from renewable

H2 and CO2

AND there is a lot of sunk cost in NG infrastructure &

appliances- Existing natural gas turbines, boilers, heaters, stoves

- Gas transmission and distribution lines

Hydrogen

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Jules vernes 1874

“Yes, my friends, I believe that

water will one day be used as

fuel, that the hydrogen and the

oxygen which constitute it, used

alone or simultaneously, will

provide an inexhaustible source

of heat and light and an intensity

that coal can not have “

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

How to produce Hydrogen ?

From Renewable

energies

From biomass

From natural gas

Electrolysis

Gasification or biologically

(early days)

Steam Methane Reforming

Underground extraction Localization then extraction

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

How to produce Hydrogen ?

From Renewable

energies

From biomass

From natural gas

Electrolyzers

Gasification or biologically

(early days)

Steam Methane Reforming

Underground extraction Localization then extraction

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

How to transport Hydrogen ?Discrepancy between where people live

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February 2020

How to transport Hydrogen ?Discrepancy between where people live and abundant solar resources

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February 2020

How to transport 10 kWhe of energy?

17

≈ 27 L Li-ion battery

≈ 7.7 L of H2

(20 ºC, 700 bar), gas

≈ 4.2 L of LH2

(-250 ºC, 1 bar), liquid

≈ 1.1 L of gasoline

≈ 13.3 L of H2

(20 ºC, 350 bar), gas

≈ 1.7 L of CH4

(-160 ºC, 1 bar), liquid

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

The need for molecules (hydrocarbons or NH3) as

energy carriers

≈ 1.7 L of CH4

(-160 ºC, 1 bar), liquidNatural photosynthesis

Synthetichydrocarbons

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Power – to – Gas : coupling the E and G grids

2029/11/2016

Energy Usages

Electricity Grid Gas Grid

Natural Gas

Bio Methane

Power Plants

CO2Methanation

H2 injection

SNG injection

Gas to Power

Power to Gas

Gas Storage

SOFC / SOEC

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February 2020

Power – to – Gas : example of the GRHYD Demo

2129/11/2016

electricity

Pilot 1:Energy for residential use

(heating, cooking etc.)

Pilot 2:Vehicle fuel

for sustainable mobility

Renewableenergies

Waterelectrolysis

Hythane

Natural gas Natural gas + % H2

H2 in NG grid

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Power – to – Gas : example of Methycentre & Hycaunais

23

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 2020

Power – to – Hydrocarbons : example of C2Fuel

24

SUN-ERGY Kick-off

February 202025

Too expensive today

but highly dependent

on electricity price for

electrolysis…

Environmental and social

impact better than most

bio-fuels…

Conclusion

RESTRICTED INTERNAL SECRET

ENGIE January 2020

The challenge is too large to tackle alone

as a research institute or company!

Research collaboration initiatives such as

SUN-ERGY are thus crucial!

Sun to fuel technologies studies within SUN-ERGY to produce ‘molecules’ are

crucial for the zero carbon energy transition!