the national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system (npoess) program overview...
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The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental
Satellite System (NPOESS)
Program Overview NOAA/NESDIS Cooperative Research Program (CoRP)
August 15, 2006
Carl HoffmanNPOESS Integrated Program Office
Fort Collins, Colorado
2 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
M
Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite
ActivitiesMissionMission
• Provide a national, operational, polar-Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capabilityorbiting remote-sensing capability
• Achieve National Performance Review Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programsNOAA satellite programs
• Incorporate new technologies from Incorporate new technologies from NASANASA
• Encourage International CooperationEncourage International Cooperation
METOP
NPOESS
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
0530
13300930
NPOESS
3 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
NPOESS
EXCOM
ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE
PEO (*)
POES
SPD
NPOESS
SPD
ATP
DIR
OPS
DIR
NPP
PROJ DIR
DMSP
SPD
PEO Staff• DPEO (*)• Senior Policy/Plans• Chief Scientist• Chief Engineer• Senior NASA• Senior NOAA• Senior DoD• Budget Officer• SUAG Rep
GS-15(NOAA)
O-6 (AF)
GS-15(NASA)
GS-15(NOAA)
GS-15(NASA)
O-6(AF)
* PEO, DPEO are rotational • Initial: PEO – DOD (Flag/SES) ; DPEO – DoC (Flag/SES)
1 2 2
3
44 4
4 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Nunn-McCurdy Certification
Why? Program acquisition cost estimates grew more than 25% above the program of record
By law, required certification to Congress in order to continue the programFour questions to answer:
• Are the requirements valid?• Do alternatives exist for less money and equivalent capability?• Is there a valid cost estimate?• Is there an adequate management structure in place?
Five-month, tri-agency process
5 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Nunn-McCurdy Results
June 5, 2006: Program certified to Congress Revised program content: Two EMD satellites and two production satellites, in two orbitsDe-manifested secondary sensors, kept sensors that satisfied key performance
parametersContinued full-sized bus, preserving ability to add non-manifested sensors if funding
becomes availableProvides measured, achievable development timeline
6 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Nunn-McCurdy Results
Requirements revalidated by Joint Requirements Oversight Council, with DOC and NASA representatives
Reduced requirements set for µ-wave imager • Given requirements change, directed that current CMIS procurement stop• Government team will investigate way forward on µ-wave imager• First µ-wave imager targeted for second NPOESS satellite
7 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Certified NPOESS Program
DescriptionSensor Configuration• NPOESS bus sized to carry full sensor configuration• Constellation of 2 EMD and 2 Production satellites• Terminate CMIS; Compete new Microwave Imager/Sounder starting
with C2• NOAA/NASA forecasting models and selected climate continuity
preserved• Restructuring of NGST contract required; Renegotiation of NGST fee • All secondary sensor integration planned and budgeted for• DoD will lose day/night imagery in mid-AM for up to 8 years Gap
duration contingent upon satellite performance• Contractor and government management continuity preserved
F17
F19
F18
F20
F16
F13
M
N N’
NPP
Metop AMetop B
Metop C
C1
C2
C3
AM
mid-AM
PM
05 06 07 08 09 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2510
AQUA
Metop D
C4
Overview CALENDAR YEAR
Core Sensors• AM: VIIRS, Microwave Image/Sounder,
SARSAT• PM: VIIRS, Microwave Imager/Sounder
(C3), SARSAT, CrIS, ATMS,
ADCS, CERES (C1),OMPS-Nadir,
SEM, ACDS
Non-manifested Sensors
APS, ALT, TSIS, OMPS-Limb, ERBS, Full SESS, SUSS
End of Constellation Service Life:2026+
9 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
10 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
11 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
NPOESS Top Level Architecture
Data LatencySMDHRD/LRD
Data Availability
Operational Availability
Threshold Objective
128 attributes above, 724 at, 7 below threshold128 attributes above, 724 at, 7 below threshold305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold
Data QualitySMD/HRDLRD
SpaceSegment
Command& ControlSegment
Command& ControlSegment
NPP(1330) NPOESS1330
NPOESS1730
METOP2130
Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland
Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland
Alternate MMCat Schriever AFBAlternate MMCat Schriever AFB Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing Segment
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites
Field Terminal SegmentField Terminal Segment
FNMOC NAVOCEANO AFWA NESDIS/NCEP
GPS
Low Rate Data/High Rae Data(LRD/HRD)
NPP Science Data Segment
CLASS ADS
NPP Data & Control Flow NPOESS Data & Control Flow CLASS ADSNOAA Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System NPP Archive & Distribution Seg
SvalbardSvalbard
12 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Greatly Improved Timeliness
Latency (minutes)
Average Data Latency
Today’s 180 minutes to less than 28 minutes with NPOESS
13 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline
End-to-End EDR LatencyEnd-to-End EDR Latency
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time from Observation to Delivery (minutes)
Per
cen
t o
f E
DR
Pro
du
cts
Del
iver
ed
Earliest Data Delivered < 2 minEarliest Data Delivered < 2 min
Average < 10.5 minAverage < 10.5 min
95% of data delivered within 28 min95% of data delivered within 28 min
> 77% of data delivered within 15 min> 77% of data delivered within 15 min
14 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
NPOESS Satellite and Sensors
Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Bus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy IntegrationBus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy Integration
Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Bus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy IntegrationBus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy Integration
1330 1730
VIIRS X X
MIS C2- 4 X
CrIS X
ATMS X
SEM X
OMPS X
ADCS X X
SARSAT X X
CERES C1
ERBS C2-4
X
X
X
X
NPP
15 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Development Sensor Highlights
Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing
• 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 m• Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km
Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) ITT Fort Wayne
• 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 m) channels• 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 m) channels• 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 m) channels• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center• 2200 km swath width
Microwave Imager/Sounder (MIS) (NOTIONAL-UNDER REVIEW)
• 2.2 m antenna• RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz• Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz• Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz• 1700 km swath width
16 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems• CrIS companion cross track scan• Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz• Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz• 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled)• 2300 km swath width
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
(NADIR ONLY)
Ball Aerospace • Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Swath width of 2800 km for total column
17 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Highlights of Other Sensors
Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)
• “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada
• ADCS supports global environmental applications• SARSAT collects distress beacon signals
18 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
C3S Segment Design
SafetyNet C3S provides low-cost, reliable, and timely data delivery with the flexibility needed for low-cost system growth and technology insertion
Svalbard
SpaceSegment
NPP
SMD IDPS
CMD
Mission Management Center (MMC)
Element
Orbit operations
Satellite operations
Stored telemetryanalysis
Mission management
Groundoperations
Data monitorand recovery
Flight vehicle simulator
TLM/CMD
Enterprise management
S-TLMComputers, storage, and
networks
DRRinterface
and routing
15Receptors
C3S
SMD
CMD/TLM
TLM
DRR SMD data handling and front-end processing
at Central
TDRS
DRR T&C front-end
processing at MMC
AMMC
SMD T&C
Backup
Legend: GS Element DRR Element
NPOESS
WSC
HRD/LRDMonitor
19 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
IDPS Functional Diagram
Other IDPs
Work FlowScheduling Production and infrastructure management
Communication services and utilities
SMD
AncillaryData
All InternalData Types
DataRequests
ProcessingDirectives
ExternalFormatted
Data
IDP Operator
ProcessingSubsystem
Data Delivery Subsystem
CentralsADSSDS
CLASS
All InternalData Types
Data formatted toCentrals External Format
DRR
CoordinationSchedule
ProcessingHistory
Infrastructure Subsystem
AncilAuxil
EDR
RDR
Data ManagementSubsystem
Auxil
xDR Data
Cal/ValOperator
DQMSubsystem
IngestSubsystem
On-LineData Storage
Cache Data Mgmt Service
SDR SDR
NPOESSEnterprise Management
Status and ControlC3S
ProcessInitiation
ProcessingStatus & Control
RDR
Ancil
CCB/Ingest
C3SLUTs
Enterprise Management
AuxiliaryData
AncillaryData
Tool Kits
SDR/TDRGeneration
EDRGeneration
IngestSensor Data
IngestAuxiliary
DataIngestAncillary
DataDistributeAncillary Data
Ancil
20 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Field TerminalsAn integral part of NPOESS
Space Vehicle 2
Stored Mission Data flow for Centrals, Science Users
C3SDHN &
FEP(@ IDPS)
IDP@
Centrals
C3S
Sensors Bus
Space Vehicle 1
IDPS
Centrals Users
Science Users
SMD
Field Terminals (LRD, HRD)
FieldTerminalSoftware
HRD, LRD Data flow for Tactical Users
Tactical Users
SARSAT, ADCS Terminals
CONUS Gateways
(4x)
Deliver DataProducts
SMD
LRD
HRD
GroundReceptor
GroundStation
Mission Management Center
Deliver DataProducts
Space Vehicle 2
Stored Mission Data flow for Centrals, Science Users
C3SDHN &
FEP(@ IDPS)
IDP@
Centrals
IDP@
Centrals
C3S
Sensors Bus
Space Vehicle 1
IDPS
Centrals Users
Science Users
SMD
Field Terminals (LRD, HRD)
FieldTerminalSoftware
FieldTerminalSoftware
HRD, LRD Data flow for Tactical Users
Tactical Users
SARSAT, ADCS Terminals
CONUS Gateways
(4x)
Deliver DataProducts
SMD
LRD
HRD
GroundReceptor
GroundStation
Mission Management Center
Deliver DataProducts
21 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Real-Time Operational Demonstrations
NPP (FY10)CrIS/ATMS & VIIRSAqua (FY02)
AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODISMETOP (FY06)
IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRRNPOESS (FY13)
CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, MIS, OMPS
Coriolis (FY03)MIS
NWS/NCEPECMWFUKMO
FNMOC
NWS/NCEPECMWFUKMO
FNMOC
NWPForecasts
NWPForecasts
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery TimelineGround Station Scenario
NOAAReal-time
User
NOAAReal-time
UserC3SC3S IDPSIDPS
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedUse of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather PredictionWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction
22 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
WindSat Observes Hurricane IsabelSeptember 14, 2003
NR
L a
nd
NO
AA
/NE
SD
IS/O
RA
Pro
of-
of-
per
form
an
ce
fo
r N
PO
ES
S’ C
MIS
23 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Improved Sensor Technology Provides New Weather Insights
NPOESSVIIRS
[MODIS Simulation]9+ VIS/NIR bands
12 IR bands
True color
Contrail
Snow
Clouds
Smoke plume
Urbandetails
Littoraldetails
Snow
High Clouds
Low Clouds
SmokePlume
Tanker
Yemen Oil Tanker Attack: 10/06/02
Tough ProblemsSolved
Dust cloudOver sand
Gray shades
DMSP/POESOLS / AVHRR
1 vis band1 to 5 IR bands
Increased spectral availability allows discrimination of tough weather problems
24 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy - Sum of the Parts is FAR greater than individual sensors -
Multispectral ImageryFrom VIRRS…
…combined with ATMS/MISMicrowave EDRs…
NPOESS
… Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone ForecastAccuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Users
25 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Advanced Sensors Critical for Ocean Predictions
- Multiple sensors working together -
Sea Surface Height (SSH)
Modular Ocean DataAssimilation System (MODAS)
OperationalGlobalOcean
Modeling
Regional ScaleModeling & Assimilation
Tide Modeling
Bathymetry &Gravity
Active & PassiveAcoustic Propagation Predictions
Warfare Applications
NPOESS EDRs— SST—will be Critical,NPOESS EDRs— SST—will be Critical,Fundamental Components of Ocean Analysis and Fundamental Components of Ocean Analysis and
Prediction CapabilityPrediction Capability
VIIRS
Wave & SurfModeling /Assimilation
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
26 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Indus River ValleyPakistan
True Color Background Reference
What your naked eye sees
True Color Dust Event
Indus River ValleyPakistan
DUST FRONT ?DUST FRONT ?
DUST FRONT ?DUST FRONT ?
Next day, we see clouds and possible dust fronts
DUST FRONTs ?DUST FRONTs ?
YESYES[three][three]
Indus River ValleyPakistan
Dust front discrimination made easy with multi-spectral processing
500m Dust Enhancement
NO[veg edge]
Processed Imagery Courtesy of Meteorology Satellite Applications Section, NRL/Monterey
Advanced Imagery Improves Discrimination
27 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
NPOESS-GOES-R AT AMS 2007
American Meteorological Society3rd Annual Symposium
Future National Operational Environmental Satellites
The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R),
January 16-17, 2007San Antonio, Texas
28 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
NPOESS Program OfficeWeb Sites
NPOESS Website• http://npoess.noaa.gov
POLAR MAX 2006•24-26 OCT 2006•http://npoess.noaa.gov/polarmax
29 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Back-up
VIIRS Characteristics
30 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
VIIRS at a Glance
VIIRS: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer SuiteVIIRS will continue the observational program of OLS, AVHRR, SeaWiFS & MODISVIIRS will provide operational and research users with:
• Spectral coverage from 412 nm to 12 microns in 22 bands– Imagery at 371 m nadir resolution in 5 bands– Moderate resolution (~742 m at nadir) radiometric quality data
• Complete global daily coverage with a single sensor• 8-hour refresh in the NPOESS constellation (ca 2011)
Routine data products of:• Cloud cover, cloud layers• Cloud and aerosol physical properties• Land & ocean biosphere properties• Fire detection, snow & ice• Sea Surface Temperature• Land & Ice Surface Temperatures
31 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
. Imagery EDR
. Aerosol Optical Thickness EDR
. Aerosol Particle Size Parameter EDR
. Suspended Matter EDR
. Sea Surface Temperature EDR
. Land Surface Temperature EDR
. Ice Surface Temperature EDR
. Active Fires EDR
. Surface Albedo EDR
. Soil Moisture EDR
. Vegetation Index EDR
. Surface Type EDR
. Cloud Base Height EDR
. Cloud Cover/Layers EDR
. Cloud Effective Particle Size EDR
. Cloud Optical Thickness EDR
. Cloud Top Temperature EDR
. Cloud Top Pressure EDR
. Cloud Top Height EDR
. Net Heat Flux EDR
. Ocean Color/Chlorophyll EDR
. Fresh Water Ice EDR
. Snow Cover/Depth EDR
. Sea Ice Age/Edge Motion EDR
. Precipitable Water EDR
VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem provides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs:
VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem provides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs:
•Cloud Types
VIIRS Produces 25 Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
32 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
VIIRS Design is Evolutionary from MODIS
Spatial resolution & mtf improved• 371m & 742 m at nadir, reduced pixel growth
Improved stray light control with Rotating telescopeAdded “day-night” band for cross-terminator imagingHigher orbit yields full global coverage in one dayComparable radiometric & spectral quality
• 12 bit data• Equivalent on-board calibrators• Characterization equivalent to Aqua MODIS• Bandpasses widened with no loss of specificity
Bandset reduced from 36 to 22• Does not impact land products• MODIS supported research products not yet proven for operational purposes
– Ocean Fluorescence, CO2 “slicing bands”, Ozone
33 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
1.2km
1.1k
m
1.6km
1.6k
m
0.75km
0.75
km
Fine-Resolution Imaging ‘I’ Bands
Moderate-Resolution (“Radiometric”) ‘M’ Bands
Reduced Pixel Growth
SNR predicted and specified at worst-case edge of scan: ~60% better nadir SNR
MODIS pixel growth rate will be the same as AVHRR
SNR predicted and specified at worst-case edge of scan: ~60% better nadir SNR
MODIS pixel growth rate will be the same as AVHRR
MODIS Vegetative Index10/30/2003
Terra 1950 UTC Aqua 2125 UTC
1 1
22
33
Near Nadir Toward Edge of Scan
35 NPOESS Program August 2006 Carl Hoffman
Pre-Launch & On-Orbit Calibration
Intensive MODIS-like pre-launch characterization & calibrationSolar Diffuser (SD) calibration every terminator crossingSolar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) to track SD degradationOn-Board Black Body Calibrator (OBC) viewed every scan (1.7864 seconds)Post-launch validation will draw upon other agencies & the general scientific
community