The Most Widely Used Communication and Automation Technologies in the World

By: Bikramjeet WaraichBy: Bikramjeet Waraich

CEO, HBeonLabsCEO, HBeonLabs

17 Feb 201217 Feb 2012

Session Description

RFID- An Automatic Identification and Data Capturing Technology used worldwide for automation and control

ZigBee - A very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless mesh network communications standard for automation and control

What is RFID?What is RFID?

• RFID is an ADC(Automatic Data Identification and Capturing) technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track...

• RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item

What Constitutes an RFID System?What Constitutes an RFID System?

• One or more RFID tags

• One or more antennas

• One or more interrogators

• One or more host computers or Embedded Systems

• Appropriate software

TagInsert

Antenna Reader

Firmware

Customer’sMIS

Host

ApplicationSoftware API

TCP/IP

Power

~

Asset

Asset/Tag

RFID System ComponentsRFID System Components(block diagram)(block diagram)

RFID OperationRFID Operation

Sequence of CommunicationSequence of Communication• Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands• Reader and tag communicate via RF signal• Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon request

from the host application)• Carrier signal sent out through the antennas• Carrier signal hits tag(s)• Tag receives and modifies carrier signal

– “sends back” modulated signal

• Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them to the Reader

• Reader decodes the data– Results returned to the host application

RFID OperationsRFID Operations

What is RFID? -- The TagsWhat is RFID? -- The Tags

• Tags can be read-only or read-write• Tag memory can be factory or field programmed,

partitionable, and optionally permanently locked• Bytes left unlocked can be

rewritten over more than100,000 times

• Tag ID Only

• Programmable Database Pointer

• Mission Critical Information

• Portable Database

• Read Only (Factory Programmed)

• WORM - Write Once, Read Many times

• Reprogrammable (Field Programmable)

• Read/Write (In-Use Programmable)

RFID System BasicsRFID System Basics

Tags can be attached to almost anything:

– pallets or cases of product– vehicles– company assets or personnel– items such as apparel,

luggage, laundry– people, livestock, or pets– high value electronics such

as computers, TVs, camcorders

What is RFID? -- The TagsWhat is RFID? -- The Tags

Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?

Basic Types:Active

• Tag transmits radio signal• Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry• High Read Range (300 feet)

Passive• Tag reflects radio signal from reader• Reader powered• Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)

Variations:– Memory

• Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +)• Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM• Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam

– Arbitration (Anti-collision)• Ability to read/write one or

many tags at a time– Frequency

• 125KHz - 5.8 GHz– Physical Dimensions

• Thumbnail to Brick sizes – Price (Rs15 to Rs 250)

Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?

What is RFID? -- The ReadersWhat is RFID? -- The Readers• Readers (interrogators) can be at a

fixed point such as– Entrance/exit– Point of sale– Warehouse

• Readers can also be mobile -- tethered, hand-held, or wireless

How far, how fast, How far, how fast, how much, how many, attached to whathow much, how many, attached to what??

Frequency Regulation Range Data Speed Comments

125-150 kHz Basically unregulated Å 10 cm LowAnimal identificationand factory datacollection systems

13.56 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle

< 1mLow tomoderate

Popular frequency forI.C. Cards (SmartCards)

433 MHzNon-specific ShortRange Devices (SRD),Location Systems

1 Š 100 m ModerateAsset tracking for U.S.DoD (Pallets)

860-930 MHz

ISM band (Region 2);increasing use inother regions,differing power levelsand duty cycle

2 Š 5 mModerate tohigh

EAN.UCC GTAG,MH10.8.4 (RTI),AIAG B-11 (Tires)

2450 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle

1 Š 2 m HighIEEE 802.11b,Bluetooth, CT,AIAG B-11

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

ApplicationsApplications

Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications

Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking

Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications

Electronic receipt & dispatchWrong destination alertElectronic markingPallet/container item tracking

Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line

Read / Write OperationsHigher Accuracy than Bar Code

Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line

Up to 450 fpm60+ items per containerInexpensive tunnelsLonger tunnel more itemsElectronic receiptSortingElectronic marking

Application ExamplesApplication Examples

Wireless / Batch

Inventory Management Material Handling

By Destination

Material HandlingInspecting / Maintaining

Material HandlingAggregate / De-aggregate

Where is it? What is it?What is inside the box?

Where is it going? Where has it been?Should it be here?

What have I assembled or disassembled?How many do I have? Do I have enough?

Has this been repaired?Is this under warrantee?Has this been inspected?Is this complete? What is the asset’s status or state?

Shipping ValidationShipping Validation

Tote/Box/Unit Level Inventory

Logistics Tracking SystemLogistics Tracking System

WHAT IS ZIGBEE?WHAT IS ZIGBEE?

A very low cost, low power consumption two-way,

wireless communications standard for automation,

toys, & PC peripherals etc.

The Need for ZigBee

Low Power consumption6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications

Low CostAt least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions

High density of nodes per network250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks

Data rate requirements Few bits to 250kbps sufficient

Simple protocol, Global Implementation2.4GHz

Standard in a fragmented marketMany proprietary solutions, interoperability issuesPent up demand due to lack of standard

Objective of ZigBee

• Interoperable consumer devices• Open industry specification• Peripheral, control and entertainment

devices Lowest cost and lowest power consumption

• Anywhere in and around the home

Wireless Connectivity Industry Outlook

10

100

1,000

10,000

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Bandwidthkbps

Ricochet

HomeRF

OpenAir

802.11b

Bluetooth

WLAN technologies

GSM GPRS

RangeMeters

802.11g

ZigBee

Network Topology

Virtual links

Network coordinator

Network node

Communications flow

IEEE node

Other Network Forms

Network coordinator

Communications flow

Ad-hoc network

Gateway

Network node

Gateway enabled network

Supported Traffic Types

• Periodic data– Application defined rate

• Intermittent– Basic communication

• Repetitive low latency data– Allocation of guaranteed time slots

Target Applications 1

Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV)

Computer peripherals;HID devices

Video conference equipmentRemote Control

Video gaming equipmentMulti-player PC & video gamesPlaying a PC DVD game in front of a TV monitor

Remote controls for audio and video equipmentPC Enhanced & stand alone toys

In-room coverageHome+yard coverage

Target Applications 2

• Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices– Existing home security systems, electrical & heating systems– Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control– Wireless Keypads– Smoke and flame detectors– Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home;

• Blinds/Shades• Pool/Spa equipment• Garage door openers

– Voice Control

Human Input Devices (HID)KeyboardMouse / Pointing DeviceRemote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment)Gaming Device

Home Automation and ControlAutomation DevicesControl Devices

Home SecurityInteractive Toys

Target Applications 3

Target Market:

Low Data Rate Radio Devices

· Mouse

· Keyboard

· Joystick

· Gamepad

Security HVAC Lighting Closures

PETs Gameboys Educational

Monitors Diagnostics Sensors

Industrial & Commercial

Consumer Electronics

Personal Healthcare

· Monitors

· Sensors

· Automation

· Control

Toys &

Games

Home Automation

PC Peripherals

Thank Thank You!You!

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Contact Details:

Mr. Bikramjeet Singh

Founder & CEO,

HBeonLabs

Email ID: bikramjeet.waraich@hbeonlabs.com

Contact No. 09212314779