the money laundering enforcement scam, form #05.044

8/11/2019 The Money Laundering Enforcement Scam, Form #05.044

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-money-laundering-enforcement-scam-form-05044 1/75

Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl 6 g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

YJM LGDMU HF]DIMSEDK MD@GSAMLMDY QAFL

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YFCHM G@ AGDYMDYQ

YFCHM G@ AGDYMDYQ ....................................................................................................................... 3

YFCHM G@ @EK]SMQ ........................................................................................................................... 1

HEQY G@ YFCHMQ .................................................................................................................................. 1

YFCHM G@ F]YJGSEYEMQ ................................................................................................................. 1

6 _urpgsm ........................................................................................................................................... 6=

3 Lgdmy Cfabkrgudi ....................................................................................................................... 60

3.6 Futjgretems gd ‘imamet ed agllmram“ fdi ‘nust wmekjts fdi lmfsurms“ ............................................................. 60

3.3 [jft es ‘Lgdmy“7 .............................................................................................................................................. 6: 3.1 Lgdmy fs imct ..................................................................................................................................................... 6:

3.9 [jy [m Igd―t Jfvm Hfwùh ‘Lgdmy“ .............................................................................................................. 31 3.= Ugu afd―t ‘hfudimr“ lgdmy e` tjmrm EQ dg ‘lgdmy“ ........................................................................................... 30

1 Lgdmy Hfudimredk Cfabkrgudi .................................................................................................. 30

1.6 Lgdmy Hfudimredk Lmtjgis ............................................................................................................................... 3;

1.3 Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt ........................................................................................................................ 3:

1.3.6

Areledfhezedk lgdmy hfudimredk ..................................................................................................... 3:

1.3.3 Yjm rghm g` èdfdaefh edstetutegds ...................................................................................................... 3:

1.3.1 Pfhum g` md`gramlmdt agsts fdi fssgaeftmi prevfay agdamrds ......................................................... 3:

1.3.9 Grkfdezftegds wgrbedk fkfedst lgdmy hfudimredk........................................................................... 35

9 Cfdb Qmarmay Fat Smquermlmdts .................................................................................................. 16

9.6 Yypms g` rmpgrts .................................................................................................................................................. 16

9.3 F``matmi trfdsfategds .......................................................................................................................................... 13

9.3.6 Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) ............................................................................................ 13

9.3.3 Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdt Hgk (L.E.H.) .................................................................................................. 13

9.3.1 Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (Q.F.S.) ................................................................................................ 13

9.1

Qfdategds ............................................................................................................................................................. 13

9.9 Jgw tjm CQF f``mats Flmreafds ........................................................................................................................ 13

9.= Edieveiufh èhedk rmquermlmdt .............................................................................................................................. 11

9.0

Fiietegdfh ed`grlftegd ....................................................................................................................................... 11

9.;

Dgtfchm afsms ...................................................................................................................................................... 11

= _ftregt Fat Smquermlmdts ............................................................................................................. 11

=.6 Imtfehs ................................................................................................................................................................. 19

=.3 Cfabkrgudi ......................................................................................................................................................... 19

=.1 Yethms ................................................................................................................................................................... 1=

=.9 Yethm EEE> Fdte-lgdmy-hfudimredk tg prmvmdt tmrrgresl ....................................................................................... 1=

0 @mimrfh Yrfdsfategd Smpgrtedk QAFL ....................................................................................... 1:

; Futjgretems gd Aglpmhhmi gr Lfdiftgry ]sm g` QQDs/YEDs .................................................... 93

;.6 Aglpmhhmi usm `grceiimd cy _revfay Fat ........................................................................................................... 93

;.3 Curimd g` _rgg` gd Yjgsm Aglpmhhedk ]sm ........................................................................................................ 91

;.1 _mdfhtems `gr aglpmhhmi usm ................................................................................................................................ 91

;.9 [jmd es et lfdiftgry udimr tjm E.S.A. tg prgveim kgvmrdlmdt essumi dulcmrs7 ............................................... 99

:

Areledfh agdsmqumdams g` Lgdmy Hfudimredk ........................................................................... =6

:.6 Qtruaturedk, 16 ].Q.A. §=139 .............................................................................................................................. =6

:.3 Hfudimredk g` Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts, 6: ].Q.A. §65=0 ..................................................................................... =1

5 Jgw èdfdaefh edstetutegds lesrmprmsmdt fdi ehhmkfhhy filedestmr lgdmy hfudimredk stftutms

......................................................................................................................................................... =1

5.6 Qfyedk tjft `mimrfh hfw rmquerm fd QQD gr YED ed grimr tg gpmd fd faagudt gr AGL_MHHEDK tjm usm griesahgsurm g` QQDs gr YEDs ................................................................................................................................ =1

5.3 @FHQM AYSs fdi QFSs ..................................................................................................................................... =1

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5.1 Jgw èdfdaefh edstetutegds prgtmat tjmer ehhmkfh fdi udagdstetutegdfh elphmlmdtftegd g` lgdmy hfudimredk stftutms ==

6? Im`mdsms fdi Smlmiems fkfedst èdfdaefh edstetutegds `gr ehhmkfhhy rmprmsmdtedk gr md`graedk

lgdmy hfudimredk stftutms ............................................................................................................ =0

66 Agdahusegds fdi sullfry ........................................................................................................... 06

63 Smsgurams `gr ùrtjmr stuiy fdi rmcuttfh ................................................................................... 06

61 Vumstegds tjft Smfimrs, Krfdi Nurgrs, fdi _mtet Nurgrs Qjguhi cm Fsbedk tjm Kgvmrdlmdt

......................................................................................................................................................... 01

61.6 Vumstegds fcgut aglpmhhmi usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs fdi Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmrs ................. 09

61.3 Vumstegds fcgut èhedk g` AYSs fdi QFSs ......................................................................................................... 00

61.1 Vumstegds fcgut hfwùh ‘lgdmy“ ........................................................................................................................ 05 61.9 F`èrlftegd ......................................................................................................................................................... ;=

YFCHM G@ @EK]SMQ

@ekurm 6> Cfab g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Afri ................................................................................................................................. 09

@ekurm 3> Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Heamdsm ........................................................................................................................................ 0=

HEQY G@ YFCHMQ

Yfchm 6> E.S.A. Qtftutgry "Cmdmèts" ...................................................................................................................................... 9;

Yfchm 3> Qtftutgry rmlmiems `gr tjgsm aglpmhhmi tg fat fs puchea g` eamrs fdi strfw lfd .................................................... =;

Yfchm 1> Dgd-prgpgrtegdfhety g` Flmreafd Mfkhm Kghi Ageds .............................................................................................. ;9

YFCHM G@ F]YJGSEYEMQ

Agdstetutegdfh _rgvesegds

Frt. :?, Qmat. 69 .................................................................................................................................................................... =;Frt. EEE, Qmat, 9(I) (kgvmrdgr) .............................................................................................................................................. =;Frt. P, Qmat. 6? ..................................................................................................................................................................... =;Frteahm 6, Qmategd 6?, Ahfusm 6 ....................................................................................................................................... 6:, 05Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 6; ............................................................................................................................................. 9?Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 3 ............................................................................................................................. 6:, 36, 31, ;3Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm = ......................................................................................................................................... 36, ;6Frteahm =, Qmategd 6? ............................................................................................................................................................. =;Frteahm ;, Qmategd ; ............................................................................................................................................................... =;Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 3= ........................................................................................................................................................... =;Frteahm EP, Qmat. 33 ............................................................................................................................................................... =;Frteahm PE, Qmategd 63 ........................................................................................................................................................... =;Frteahm PEE, Qmategd 5 (nuikms) ............................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frt. 59-5= .................................................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm 6, Qmategd 66 .................................................................................................................................................. =;Agdst. Frteahm 6, Qmategd 65 .................................................................................................................................................. =;Agdst. Frteahm 6, Qmategd : .................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm 3, Qmategd ?9 (hmkeshfturm) ............................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm 3, Qmategd 6 .................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm 3, Qmategd 5 .................................................................................................................................................... =:Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd 6? .................................................................................................................................................. =;

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Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd 61 (nuikms) .................................................................................................................................... =:Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm 9, _frt 3, Qmategd 9 ........................................................................................................................................ =;Agdst. Frteahm 9, Qmategd ?0, _frf. (C) ................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm 9, Qmategd 1? (hmkeshftevm) .............................................................................................................................. =:Agdst. Frteahm 9, Qmategd 0 .................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm 9, Qmategd 5 .................................................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm =, Qmategd 69 .................................................................................................................................................. =;

Agdst. Frteahm =, Qmategd 3 .................................................................................................................................................... =;Agdst. Frteahm =, Qmategd ; .................................................................................................................................................... =;Agdst. Frteahm 0, Qmategd 60 (smdftgrs) ................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm 0, Qmategd 3: .................................................................................................................................................. =;Agdst. Frteahm ;, Qmategd 9 (mxmautevm) ................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm :, Qmategd ; (nuikms) ...................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm E, Qmategd EE, _frf. EEE ..................................................................................................................................... =;Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 6? ................................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 63 ................................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 69 (hmkeshfturm) ............................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 3 ............................................................................................................................................. =:, 0?Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 30 ................................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd = ................................................................................................................................................... =;

Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 6 .................................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 3 .................................................................................................................................................. =:Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 33 (hmkeshfturm) ........................................................................................................................... =:Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 0 .................................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd ; (hmkeshfturm) ............................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd : .................................................................................................................................................. =;Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd EE, _frf. EP(c) ............................................................................................................................. =;Agdst. Frteahm EEE-5 ............................................................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 61 ............................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 69 (kgvmrdgr) ............................................................................................................................. =:Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 6= (nuikms) ................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 3 (mxmautevm)............................................................................................................................... =:Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 3(m) (hmkeshftevm) ......................................................................................................................... =:

Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 1 (smdftgrs) ................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 9 (hmkeshfturm) ............................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd = ................................................................................................................................................. =:Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd : ................................................................................................................................................. =:Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd P, Qmategds 1-9 ........................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 6; (nuikms) ................................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 6: (hmkeshfturm)............................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 9 (kgvmrdgr) ................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd ; (nuikms) ..................................................................................................................................... =;Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd : ................................................................................................................................................... =;Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 5 (g``eam) ...................................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd E, Qmategd 1 .................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm PE, Qmategd 65 (nuikm) ................................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm PE, Qmategd 3?(c)(6) ...................................................................................................................................... =5Agdst. Frteahm PE, Qmategd 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 0?Agdst. Frteahm PE, Qmategd 5 ................................................................................................................................................. =5Agdst. Frteahm PEE, Qmategd 5 ................................................................................................................................................ =:Agdst. Frteahm PEEE, Qmategd 6? (nuikms) ............................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Ajfptmr EE, Qmategd =9 ............................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Ajfptmr PE, Frteahm 3 ................................................................................................................................................. =:Agdst. Agdst. Imahfrftegd g` Sekjts, Frteahm 1= (g``eamrs) ................................................................................................... =:Agdst. Imahfrftegd g` Sekjts, Frteahm 11 (nuikms) ................................................................................................................ =:

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl = g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Agdst. g` I.A., Frteahm EP, Qmat. 9(C) (nuikms) .................................................................................................................... =;Agdst. Qmategd 5;-1-??: ....................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Qmategd 5;-=-?3; ....................................................................................................................................................... 0?Agdst. Qmategds 3.=, 1.0, 9.: ................................................................................................................................................. =;Agdstetutegd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms .......................................................................................................................................... ;=Mekjtj Flmdilmdt .............................................................................................................................................................. 11@e`tj Flmdilmdt ................................................................................................................................................................. =6@erst Flmdilmdt .................................................................................................................................................................. 3=

].Q. Agdstetutegd, Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 3 ................................................................................................................. 31].Q. Agdstetutegd, Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm = ........................................................................................................... 6:, ;6

Qtftutms

63 ].Q.A. § 963 (650:)......................................................................................................................................................... 3=63 ].Q.A. §966 ................................................................................................................................................... 3=, 05, ;9, ;=63 ].Q.A. §5=f ..................................................................................................................................................................... ;?63 ].Q.A. §5=c ..................................................................................................................................................................... ;?61 P.Q.F. §1??3 ................................................................................................................................................................... 0?6: _f.A.F. §963? ................................................................................................................................................................. 0?6: ].Q.A. §6??6 ....................................................................................................................................................... =1, 06, 0:

6: ].Q.A. §6??= ....................................................................................................................................................... =1, 06, 0:6: ].Q.A. §6?35 ................................................................................................................................................................... 1:6: ].Q.A. §6?1? ................................................................................................................................................................... 106: ].Q.A. §6=63 ................................................................................................................................................................... 916: ].Q.A. §65=0 ................................................................................................................................................................... =16: ].Q.A. §65=0(a)(;)(C)(ee) ................................................................................................................................................ 106: ].Q.A. §65=0(a)(;)(C)(eee) ............................................................................................................................................... 106: ].Q.A. §=96 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 106: ].Q.A. §0=9 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 096: ].Q.A. §563 ......................................................................................................................................................... =1, 0?, 066: ].Q.A. §563> Elpmrsgdftedk f puchea g` eamr ...................................................................................................... =1, 06, 0:6: ].Q.A. §533(h) ................................................................................................................................................................. 106: ].Q.A. §53=(i) ................................................................................................................................................................ 10

6: ].Q.A. §5:1(n) ................................................................................................................................................................. 1030 ].Q.A. §§0?15 gr 0?15M ................................................................................................................................................. 9130 ].Q.A. §§0;6 tg 0;5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9:30 ].Q.A. §6 ................................................................................................................................................................... 39, 9;30 ].Q.A. §6(j)(66)(A)(e)(EE) ............................................................................................................................................... 9;30 ].Q.A. §603 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9630 ].Q.A. §19?6(f)(66) ........................................................................................................................................................ 3=30 ].Q.A. §=?6(a ) .......................................................................................................................................................... 9;, 9530 ].Q.A. §0669 ................................................................................................................................................................... 9;30 ].Q.A. §091(c) ................................................................................................................................................................ 9:30 ].Q.A. §0;63 ................................................................................................................................................................... 9;30 ].Q.A. §;;?6 (f)(6) ......................................................................................................................................................... =330 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(69) ........................................................................................................................................................ 9130 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(60) ........................................................................................................................................................ =030 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(5) fdi (f)(6?) ....................................................................................................................................... 9930 ].Q.A. §:09(c)(6)(F) ...................................................................................................................................................... 9:30 ].Q.A. §:;6(c) ................................................................................................................................................................ 9;30 ].Q.A. §:;6( ) ........................................................................................................................................................... 9;, 9530 ].Q.A. §:59 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9;30 ].Q.A. ;;?6(f)(30) .......................................................................................................................................................... 963: ].Q.A. §§;=9 fdi 5=5(f) ................................................................................................................................................. 003: ].Q.A. §6113 ................................................................................................................................................................... 9?3: ].Q.A. §6113(i) .............................................................................................................................................................. 15

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3: ].Q.A. §390;(i)(1)(F) .................................................................................................................................................... 1016 ].Q.A. § =139 - Qtruaturedk trfdsfategds tg mvfim rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdt prgjecetmi ...................................................... =616 ].Q.A. §§=166 ‑ =11? ....................................................................................................................................................... 1616 ].Q.A. §1639 ................................................................................................................................................................... 3916 ].Q.A. §153 (650=).......................................................................................................................................................... 3=16 ].Q.A. §=161 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1:, =316 ].Q.A. §=160 ................................................................................................................................................................... 1:16 ].Q.A. §=139 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1:, =6

16 ].Q.A. §=116 ............................................................................................................................................................. 96, =316 ].Q.A. Ajfptmr =1, Qucajfptmr EE> Smagris fdi Smpgrts gd Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts Yrfdsfategds .................................. 0316 ].Q.A.F. §=160(f) ........................................................................................................................................................... 169 ].Q.A. §;3 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 959? ].Q.A. §§1666 fdi 1663 ................................................................................................................................................. 1593 ].Q.A. §9?:(f)(:) ................................................................................................................................................ 6=, 13, 0=9: Qtft. 663-661 ................................................................................................................................................................... 3== ].Q.A. §==3f Hmkeshftevm Dgtms ........................................................................................................................................ 91= ].Q.A. §==3f(k)(9) ............................................................................................................................................................ 91;3? EHAQ =/6;-3 ................................................................................................................................................................... =:: ].Q.A. §69?6 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11F.S.Q. §61-3??0 ................................................................................................................................................................... =;F.S.Q. §61-39?0 ................................................................................................................................................................... =;

F.Q. §66.90.60? .................................................................................................................................................................... =;F.Q. §66.=0.:1? .................................................................................................................................................................... =;F.Q.A. §=-1;-3?: ................................................................................................................................................................. =;Fdte-Ymrrgresl Fat g` 3??6 ................................................................................................................................................. 19Frls Mxpgrt Agdtrgh Fat (33 ].Q.A. §3;;:) ....................................................................................................................... 10Cfdb Qmarmay Fat ................................................................................................................................................................. 11Cfdb Qmarmay Fat (C.Q.F.) ............................................................................................................................................. 19, 03Cfdb Qmarmay Fat g` 65;? .............................................................................................................................................. 16, 1=Cmdnfled @rfdbhed Yrum _ftregt Fat ..................................................................................................................................... 1=A.G.F. §61F-6?-6? .............................................................................................................................................................. =;A.G.F. Yethm 61F, Frteahm 6? ................................................................................................................................................ =;A.G.P. §6:.3-6:0.1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 0?Afhe`grdef Aeveh Agim, §3339 ......................................................................................................................................... 3?, 36

Ajfhhmdkedk @mimrfh Nuresieategd, @grl #63.?6? ................................................................................................................. 93Aurrmday fdi @grmekd Yrfdsfategds Smpgrtedk Fat .............................................................................................................. 16I.A. Agim §33-69?9 ............................................................................................................................................................. =;I.A. Yethm 66, Qmategd :=9 .................................................................................................................................................... =;I.A. Yethm 66, Qmategd 5?;(1) ............................................................................................................................................... =;Iglmstea Qmaurety Mdjfdamlmdt Fat g` 3??1 ...................................................................................................................... 1=Iruk Yrf``eabedk Fat 6559 ................................................................................................................................................... 30Mhmatrgdea Aglludeaftegds _revfay Fat g` 65:0 (M.A._.F.) .............................................................................................. 19@mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat ....................................................................................................................................................... 3?, 36@mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat ed 6561 ................................................................................................................................................ 36@mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat, 1: Qtft. 3=6, Ajfp. 0, Qmategd 60 ....................................................................................................... ;=@mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat, 1: Qtft. 3=6-3;=, 05?-056, Ima. 33, 6561 ......................................................................................... 03@grmekd Fkmdts Smkestrftegd Fat g` 651: ............................................................................................................................. 10@grmekd Edtmhhekmdam Qurvmehhfdam Fat g` 65;: (@.E.Q.F.) ..................................................................................................... 19@rmmigl g` Ed`grlftegd Fat (@.G.E.F.) ................................................................................................................................ 13@uhh Ymxt g` Mdrghhmi Cehh J.S. 1603, KgvYrfab.us ............................................................................................................. 19K.H.L. Ajfptmr 30:, Qmategd 11........................................................................................................................................... =:K.H.S.E. §66-69-6 ................................................................................................................................................................. 0?Kmdmrfh Cusedmss Hfw 1:?-Q ............................................................................................................................................... =5Kgvmrdlmdt Eimdtety Yjm`t, @grl #?=.?90 .................................................................................................................... 6=, 03J.N.S. 653, 9: Qtft. 663-661 ................................................................................................................................................ ;9J.N.S. 653, Qmategd 6 ............................................................................................................................................................ 3=J.S. 35;=, YJGLFQ .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl ; g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

J.S. 1603 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19J.S. 1603, YJGLFQ .......................................................................................................................................................... 19J.S. 16;6, YJGLFQ .......................................................................................................................................................... 1=J.S.Q. §;6?-6?60 ................................................................................................................................................................. =;Jmrlfdt Hfbjfde .................................................................................................................................................................. 1:E.A. §3=-1?-6-6: ................................................................................................................................................................... =:E.A. Yethm ZPE, Qmategd ;6:.3 ............................................................................................................................................... =:E.Q. §6:-1??6 ........................................................................................................................................................................ =:

Ellekrftegd fdi Dftegdfhety Fat.......................................................................................................................................... 19Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Agim ......................................................................................................................................................... ;=Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Fcftmlmdt fdi @edfdaefh Fdte-Ymrrgresl Fat g` 3??6 .................................................... 1=B.S.Q. §36-1:3= ................................................................................................................................................................... =:B.S.Q. §919.=;? ................................................................................................................................................................... =:B.S.Q. §=69.0? ..................................................................................................................................................................... =:B.S.Q. §=13.?19 ................................................................................................................................................................... =:B.S.Q. §06.?:? ..................................................................................................................................................................... =:L.A. §5;-;-91 ...................................................................................................................................................................... =:L.A.F. §9=-;-3?5 ................................................................................................................................................................ =5L.S.Q. §=;?.331 .................................................................................................................................................................. =:L.Q. §0?5.9;= ...................................................................................................................................................................... =:Leaj. _mdfh Agim, Ajfptmr ZZZP, Qmategd ;=?.36;a ......................................................................................................... =:

Lgdmy Hfudimredk Agdtrgh Fat g` 65:0 .............................................................................................................................. 19Lgdmy Hfudimredk Agdtrgh Fat g` 65:0 (L.H.A.F.) ........................................................................................................... 1= D.A.K.Q. §69-3;; ................................................................................................................................................................. =5 D.I.A.A. §63.6-61-?9 .......................................................................................................................................................... =5 D.J.S.Q.§1=5-E>3 ................................................................................................................................................................. =5 D.N.Q.F. §3A>3:-: ................................................................................................................................................................ =5 D.L.Q.F. §1?-60-36.6 .......................................................................................................................................................... =5 D.S.Q. §65;.63? ................................................................................................................................................................... =5 D.S.Q. §3:-010 ..................................................................................................................................................................... =5 D.S.Q. §3:-015 ..................................................................................................................................................................... =5G.A.K.F. §60-6?-31 ............................................................................................................................................................. =;G.S.Q. §603.10= ................................................................................................................................................................... =5G.S.Q. §60=.:?1 ................................................................................................................................................................... =5

G.Q. Yethm 36, Qmategd 6=11 .................................................................................................................................................. =5G.Q. Yethm 36, Qmategd 6=11.6 ............................................................................................................................................... =5GLFQ, Q.6==3 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1=_ftregt Fat ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11_FYSEGY Qudsmts Mxtmdsegd Fat g` 3?66 ........................................................................................................................... 11_mdfh Agim §9:9.6 ................................................................................................................................................................ =;_mdfh Hfw §65?.31 ............................................................................................................................................................... =5_mdfh Hfw 65?.;: ................................................................................................................................................................. =5_rgammis g` Arelm Fat 3??3, smategd 19?(3)(c) ‑ im`edetegd g` "areledfh agdiuat" ............................................................. 30_rgtmatedk tjm Sekjts g` Edieveiufhs Fat .............................................................................................................................. 1=_rgveim Fpprgpreftm Ygghs Smquermi tg Edtmrampt fdi Gcstruat Ymrrgresl (_FYSEGY) Fat g` 3??6 .................................. 19_uc. H. 51 ‑ =;5, Qmategd ; .................................................................................................................................................... 93_uchea Hfw 5;-3=:, 50 Qtft. 6?0: .................................................................................................................................. ;9, ;=_uchea Hfw _uc.H. 6?; ‑ =0 ................................................................................................................................................... 11S.A.[. §6:.;6.65? ............................................................................................................................................................... 0?S.Q. §69>663 ......................................................................................................................................................................... =:Q. 6=6?, YJGLFQ ............................................................................................................................................................... 19Q. 6;?5, YJGLFQ ............................................................................................................................................................... 1=Q.I.A.H. §33-9?-60 .............................................................................................................................................................. 0?Q.I.A.H. §33-9?-: ................................................................................................................................................................ 0?Qmategd ;(c) g` tjm _revfay Fat, _uc.H. 51-=;5 ................................................................................................................... 91Qtftutms §:-1?6 ..................................................................................................................................................................... =:Qtftutms Ft Hfrkm .................................................................................................................................................................. ;9

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl : g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Y.A. §15-60-1?6 ................................................................................................................................................................... 0?Y.Q. §13.=6 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 0?Yethm 63 g` tjm ].Q. Agim ...................................................................................................................................................... ;9Yethm 16 g` tjm ].Q. Agim ...................................................................................................................................................... 96].A. §;0-:-=63 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 0?].Q. Agim ............................................................................................................................................................................. 39].Q. Qmdftm ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19]detmi Qtftms g` Flmreaf Lgdmy Fat g` 6;53, 6 Qtft. 390-3=6 ........................................................................................... ;1

]detmi Qtftms g` Flmreaf Lgdmy Fat, Fpreh 3, 6;53, 6 Qtft. 390 ........................................................................................ 6:]detedk (fdi) Qtrmdktjmdedk Flmreaf (cy) _rgveiedk Fpprgpreftm Ygghs Smquermi (tg) Edtmrampt (fdi) Gcstruat Ymrrgresl

Fat g` 3??6 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11]detedk fdi Qtrmdktjmdedk Flmreaf (]QF) Fat (J.S. 35;=) ............................................................................................... 19]QF _FYSEGY Fat ................................................................................................................................................. 16, 11, 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 166 ................................................ 1=]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 163 ................................................ 10]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 163, 161, 165 & 13= ...................... 1=]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 161 ................................................ 10]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 169 ................................................ 1=]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 16= ................................................ 10]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 16; ................................................ 1=]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 165 .......................................... 10, 1;

]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13?. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A.§5:6(F)(6)(C) .................................................................................................................................................................. 10

]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 131. Flmdimi 3: ].Q.A. §390;10, 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13= ................................................ 10]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13; ................................................ 10]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13: ................................................ 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 11? ................................................ 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=3 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=3, 1=9 & 10= .............................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=1 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=9 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=0 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=5 ................................................. 1;

]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 10? ................................................. 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 106 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 103 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 109 ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 10= ................................................. 1;]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;6 ................................................. 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;6. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A. §650? .... 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;3. Flmdimi 16 ].Q.A. §=16;(a) 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;9. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A. §650? .... 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;0. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A.

§65=0(a)(;)(I) ................................................................................................................................................................. 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;; ................................................. 1:]QF _FYSEGY Fat g` 3??6 ................................................................................................................................................ 11[.Q. §0-1-5?6 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 06[.Q. §0-=-1?; ...................................................................................................................................................................... 06[.Q. §591.3?6 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 0?[.P.A. §06-=-3;f(m) ............................................................................................................................................................ 0?

Smkuhftegds

63 [email protected]. §63.66 .................................................................................................................................................................. 166= [email protected]. §;1? ‑ ;;9 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1030 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(a)(69) .................................................................................................................................................. 9;

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30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(a)(30) .................................................................................................................................................. 9:30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(m)(=) .................................................................................................................................................... 9;30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(m)(=)(ee) ............................................................................................................................................... 9;30 [email protected]. §6.6996-9 ............................................................................................................................................................. 9:30 [email protected]. §6.6996-9(c)(9) .................................................................................................................................................... 9:30 [email protected]. §6.6996-=(a) ......................................................................................................................................................... 9;30 [email protected]. §6.6996-=(m) ......................................................................................................................................................... 9:30 [email protected]. §6.6996-0(k)(6) .................................................................................................................................................... 9:

30 [email protected]. §6.6906-6(a )(3)(e) ............................................................................................................................................... 9:30 [email protected]. §6.905-5(c)(9) ...................................................................................................................................................... 9:30 [email protected]. §1?6.06?5-6 ......................................................................................................................................................... 9130 [email protected]. §1?6.06?5-6(c) .................................................................................................................................................... 9916 [email protected]. §6?6?.166 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1616 [email protected]. §6?6?.1=? ............................................................................................................................................................ 1616 [email protected]. §6?3?.13? ............................................................................................................................................................ 1616 [email protected]. §6?1.36 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1616 [email protected]. §6?1.33 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1616 [email protected]. §6?1.33(i)(1)(e) ................................................................................................................................................... 1316 [email protected]. §6?1.33(i)(=)(e) ................................................................................................................................................... 1316 [email protected]. §6?1.1? ................................................................................................................................................................ =116 [email protected]. §6?1.1?(i)(3) ....................................................................................................................................................... 96

16 [email protected]. §3?3.3 .................................................................................................................................................................. =016 [email protected]. Ajfptmr Z ............................................................................................................................................................. 1616 [email protected]. _frt 6?1> @edfdaefh Smagribmmpedk fdi Smpgrtedk g` Aurrmday fdi @grmekd Yrfdsfategds ................................. 03Yrmfsury Smkuhftegds ............................................................................................................................................................ ;=

Suhms

@mimrfh Suhm g` Aeveh _rgamiurm 6;(c) ................................................................................................................................. 00@mimrfh Suhm g` Aeveh _rgamiurm :(c)(0) ............................................................................................................................... 01

Afsms

Cfdb g` Dmw Ugrb v. D.U. Agudty, ; [fhh. (].Q.) 30 ......................................................................................................... 39

Cmmr Ag. v. Lfssfajusmtts, 5; ].Q. 3: ................................................................................................................................. ;6Chfkkm v. Cfhaj, 603 ].Q. 915, 9? H.Mi. 6?13, 60 Q.At. :=1 ......................................................................................... 3?, 36Cuii v. _mgphm g` Qtftm g` Dmw Ugrb, 691 ].Q. =6; (6:53) ................................................................................................ =6Cuhh v. ]detmi Qtftms, 35= ].Q. 39;, 306, == Q.At. 05=, ;??, ;5 H.Mi. 6936 ................................................................. 3?, 33Cuhh v. ]detmi Qtftms, 35= ].Q. 39;, ;5 H.Mi. 6936, == Q.At. 05=, 1=-6 ].Q.Y.A. ° 5190, 6= F@YS 6?05 ......................... 36Curked v. @grcms, 351 By. 9=0, 605 Q.[.3i. 136, 13= ........................................................................................................ 0;Cutajmrs' ]degd, mta., Ag. v. Armsamdt Aety, mta., Ag., 666 ].Q. ;90, ;=1 , 9 Q.Qup.At.Smp. 0=3 ......................................... ;6Cutajmrs― ]degd Ag. v. Armsamdt Aety Ag., 666 ].Q. ;90 (6::9) ......................................................................................... ;6Cuttgd―s Mstftm v. Fdimrsgd, 663 Pt. =16, 3: F.3i. 9?9, 691 F.H.S. 65= ........................................................................... 36Ajeafkg mx rmh. Agjmd v. Bmfdm, 09 Ehh.3i. ==5, 3 Ehh.Ima. 3:=, 1=; D.M.3i. 9=3 ................................................................ =0Ajeafkg _frb Iest. v. Bmdrgy, Eda., ;: Ehh.3i. ===, 1; Ehh.Ima. 356, 9?3 D.M.3i. 6:6 ......................................................... =0Aety g` Cgmrdm v. @hgrmz, Frajcesjgp g` Qfd Fdtgdeg, =36 ].Q. =?; (655;) ....................................................................... ;9Aghfutte v. @rfdbhed, 915 ].Q. ft 153-151, d. 6? .................................................................................................................. 0;

Igm v. Ajfg, =9? ].Q. 069 (3??9) ....................................................................................................................................... 91Magdgly _hulcedk & Jmftedk v. ].Q., 9;? @3i. =:= (65;3) .............................................................................................. 91@mrtehezedk Ag. v. Jyim _frb, 5; ].Q. 0=5 ............................................................................................................................ ;6@gx v. Qtfdifri Geh Ag. g` D.N., 359 ].Q. :;, 5=-50 (651=) ................................................................................................ 0;Kmgrkef Imp't g` Julfd Smsgurams v. Qestrudb, 395 Kf. =91, 356 Q.M.3i. =39 .................................................................. =0Kgrigd v. ]. Q., 33; At.Ah. 13:, 095 @.3i. :1; (At.Ah., 65:6) ...................................................................................... 3?, 36Jmfrt g` Fthfdtf Lgtmh, Eda. v. ]detmi Qtftms, 1;5 ].Q. 396 (6509) ..................................................................................... ;9Jgccs v. LaHmfd, 66; ].Q. =0;, 35 H.Mi. 59?, 0 Q.At. :;? .......................................................................................... 3?, 36Jglm Chik. & Hgfd Fss―d v. Chfesimhh, 35? ].Q. 15: (6519) ....................................................................................... 36, ;?Ediefdf Qtftm Mtjeas Agll'd v. Dmhsgd (Edi Fpp) 0=0 D.M.3i. 66;3 ................................................................................. =0

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl 6? g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Nflms v. Cgwlfd, 65? ].Q. 63;, 615 (65?1) ...................................................................................................................... ;9Nmrsmy Aety v. Jfkum, 6: D.N. =:9, 66= F.3i. : .................................................................................................................... =0Nuehhefri v. Krmmdlfd, 66? ].Q. 936 (6::9) ......................................................................................................................... 39Hfdm v. Sfehmy, 3:? By. 165, 611 Q.[.3i. ;9, ;5, :6 .............................................................................................. 6:, 31, 05Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms .............................................................................................................................................................. 3?Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms, 66? ].Q. 936, 99; (6::9) .................................................................................................................... ;=Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms, 66? ].Q. 936, 995-9=? (6::9) ...................................................................................................... 65, 36Hmesy v. Jfried, 61= ].Q. 6?? (6:5?) .................................................................................................................................. ;6

Heamdsm Yfx Afsms, ;3 ].Q. 903, 6: H.Mi. 95;, = [fhh. 903, 3 [email protected]. 3339 (6:00) ........................................................ =?Hgfd Fssgaeftegd v. Ygpmbf, 3? [fhh. 0== (6:;9) ............................................................................................................... =?Lfihmdmr v. @edhmy (6st Iest), 606 Ehh.Fpp.1i. ;50, 661 Ehh.Ima. ;63, =6= D.M.3i. 05; ...................................................... =0Lfddedk v. Hmekjtgd, 0= Pt. :9, 30 F. 3=:, lgtegd iesli 00 Pt. =0, 3: F. 01? .......................................................... 3?, 36Lftjms v. Agllessegdmr g` Edtmrdfh Smvmdum, =;0 @.3i. ;? (65;:) .................................................................................... 3=Lmmsm v. Bmmdm, 9:6 ].Q. 90=, 9:9-9:= (65:;) .................................................................................................................. 0;Lurrfy v. Aety g` Ajfrhmstgd, 50 ].Q. 913 (6:;;) ............................................................................................................... 65 Dmw Grhmfds Kfs Ag. v. Hguesefdf Hekjt Ag., 66= ].Q. 0=?, 0;3 , 0 Q.Qup.At.Smp. 3=3 .................................................... ;6 Dmw Grhmfds v. Jgustgd, 665 ].Q. 30=, 3;= , ; Q.Qup.At.Smp. 65: .................................................................................... ;6 Dmwchgab v. Cgwhms, 6;? Gbh. 9:;, 9? _.3i. 6?5;, 66?? .................................................................................................... 0;Gscgrd v. Cfdb g` ].Q., 33 ].Q. ;1: (6:39) .................................................................................................................. 06, 0:_jfhmd v. Perkedef, : Jgw. 601, 60: .................................................................................................................................... ;6_hmssy v. @mrkusgd, 601 ].Q. =1;, =93 (6:50) ..................................................................................................................... 05

Qehvmrtjgrdm Hulcmr Ag. v. ]detmi Qtftms , 3=6 ].Q. 1:=, 9? Q.At. 6:3, 09 H.Mi. 165 (653?) ...................................... =1, 0:Qedbedk @udi Afsms, 55 ].Q. ;?? (6:;:) ............................................................................................................................. =6Qhfukjtmr Jgusm Afsms, 60 [fhh. 10 .................................................................................................................................... 0:Qhfukjtmr-Jgusm Afsms, 60 [fhh. 10, 03, :; ........................................................................................................................ ;6Qtftm mx rmh. Dfkhm v. Quhhevfd, 5: Lgdt. 93=, 9? _.3i. 55=, 55 F.H.S. 136 ........................................................................ =0Qtmdcmrk v. Afrjfrt, =1? ].Q. 569 (3???) ............................................................................................................................ 0;Qtgdm v. Lessesseppe, 6?6 ].Q. :69 ....................................................................................................................................... ;6Qtgdm v. Lessesseppe, 6?6 ].Q. :69 , :65 .............................................................................................................................. ;6].Q. v. Cuthmr, 35; ].Q. 6 (6510) ......................................................................................................................................... =?].Q. v. _ruiimd, 939 @.3i. 6?36 (=tj Aer. 65;?) .................................................................................................................. ==].Q. v. Qpmhfr, 11: ].Q. 36; ft 333 (6595) .......................................................................................................................... 96].Q. v. Ywmmh, ==? @.3i. 35;, 355 (=tj Aer. 65;;) ............................................................................................................... ==]detmi Qtftms mx rmh. Fdkfreaf v. Cfyfri, 63; ].Q. 3=6, 13 H.Mi. 6=5, : Q.At. 66=0, 9 [email protected]. 903: ........................ 3?, 36

]detmi Qtftms v. Cfnfbfnefd .................................................................................................................................................. 11]detmi Qtftms v. Cgyhfd (AF6 Lfss), :5: @.3i. 31?, 35 @mi Suhms Mvei Qmrv 6331 ........................................................... =0]detmi Qtftms v. Mrem S. Ag., 6?0 ].Q. 13; (6::3) ............................................................................................................... 0:]detmi Qtftms v. Kumst, 1:1 ].Q. ;9= (6500) ........................................................................................................................ ;9]detmi Qtftms v. Jfrres, 6?0 ].Q. 035, 6 Q.At. 0?6, 3; H.Mi. 35? (6::1) ............................................................................ 0:]detmi Qtftms v. Jfrres, 6?0 ].Q. 035, 015 (6::1) ............................................................................................................... ;9]detmi Qtftms v. Jghzmr (AF; Ehh) :60 @.3i. 1?9 .................................................................................................................. =0]detmi Qtftms v. Smmsm, 53 ].Q. 369, 36: (6:;0).................................................................................................................. ;9]detmi Qtftms v. Qtftm Cfdb, 50 ].Q. 1?, 50 Gttg 1?, 39 H.Mi. 09;.................................................................................... 36[mstmrd ]degd Ymhmkrfpj Ag. v. Hmdrggt, 131 ].Q. 95?, =?3 (659=) .................................................................................. 0;[ehh v. Leajekfd Impt. g` Qtftm _gheam, 956 ].Q. =:, 6?5 Q.At. 31?9 (].Q.Leaj.,65:5) ..................................................... 0:[ehsgd v. Dmw, 391 ].Q. 113, 19: , 1; Q.At. 35:, 1?3, H.S.F. 656;M, 51:, Fdd.Afs. 656:F, 6?39 ........................... 36, ;?[ehsgd v. Qjfw, 3?9 ].Q. 39, =6 H.Mi. 1=6, 3; Q.At. 311 ............................................................................................. 3?, 36[gdk Qud v. ]detmi Qtftms , 1;6 ].Q. 9;6, :1 Q.At. 9?;, 5 H.Mi.3i. 996 (6501) .......................................................... =1, 0:

Gtjmr Futjgretems

"Cehh Qullfry & Qtftus 6?;tj Agdkrmss (3??6 - 3??3)J.S.1603 Lfngr Agdkrmssegdfh Fategds", tjglfs.hga.kgv Smtremvmi3?63-?:-66 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 19

"Agledk ahmfd". Yjm Magdglest. 69 Gatgcmr 3??9 ............................................................................................................. 35"Agdtrgh Qjmmt g` tjm "Iglmstea Qmaurety Mdjfdamlmdt Fat g` 3??1"" (_I@). Frajevmi `rgl tjm grekedfh gd Nuhy ;, 3??;..

Smtremvmi Fukust 1?, 3??; ............................................................................................................................................... 1="@EDFH PGYM SMQ]HYQ @GS SGHH AFHH 15:", ahmrb.jgusm.kgv. Gat 39, 3??6. Smtremvmi 3?63-?:-66 .................... 19

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"Dftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Imamlcmr 3??=. p. 11. Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj 3?66 ................................ 3;"_ucheaftegd 6=99 (Smv. Qmptmlcmr 3?63). Smpgrtedk Afsj _fylmdts g` Gvmr $6?,???". ESQ. 3?63-?5-36. Smtremvmi 3?61-

?0-3: ................................................................................................................................................................................ 13"Qf`m Fat Ag-Qpgdsgrs sfy _FYSEGY Fat Agd`mrmdam Smpgrt ]dfaamptfchm", [fsjedktgd Yelms, Dgvmlcmr =, 3??= ... 19"Yfx fldmstems turd JLSA edtg 'cekkmst lgdmy-hfudimredk gpmrftegd ed jestgry'". Smtremvmi 69 Nudm 3?61 ..................... 3;"Yjm _ftregt Fat> Nusteam Impfrtlmdt Ahfels Quaamss". Dftegdfh _uchea Sfieg. Nuhy 3?, 3??= ........................................... 1:"Yrust lm' nust igmsd't `hy". ]QF Ygify. Fpreh 63, 3??=. Smtremvmi Nuhy 66, 3??: ............................................................. 1="].Q. Qmdftm Sghh Afhh Pgtms 6?;tj Agdkrmss - 6st Qmssegd", www.smdftm.kgv. Gat 3=, 3??6. Smtremvmi 3?63-?:-66 ....... 19

"]dimrkrgudi Magdgly Essums. Gdtfreg Agdstruategd Qmarmtfreft" ..................................................................................... 3;‘Yjm Kghi Qtfdifri Qtrebms Cfab……[etj F 10-Umfr Hfk“, _rg`mssgr Fdtfh @mbmtm mssfy .............................................. 3360 Flmreafd Nurespruimdam 3i, Agdstetutegdfh Hfw, §=3 (6555) ......................................................................................... ;?605 Vumstegds fdi Fdswmrs Fcgut Lgdmy, @grl #66.=?3, ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt _redtedk G`èam, 6509 ................................. 033??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri, Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q6?556 (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6) ............................................................................ 1=3??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri, Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q66?3? (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6) ............................................................................ 193??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri, Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q66?36 (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6) ............................................................................ 193??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri, Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q66?33 (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6) ............................................................................ 193F D. Qedkmr, Qutjmrhfdi gd Qtftutms fdi Qtftutgry Agdstruategd § 9;.?;, p. 6=3, fdi d. 6? (=tj mi. 6553) ...................... 0;1 Jflehtgd, [grbs, =69 mt smq. ............................................................................................................................................ 6501A Flmreafd Nuresprgiuamdam 3i, _uchea G`èamrs fdi Mlphgymms, §39; (6555) .............................................................. =0F _relmr gd Lgdmy, @grl #66.=?6, ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt _redtedk G`èam, 6509, 696 pfkms ................................................... 03F Smimmlfchm _fpmr Aurrmday, Qpmmaj cy Ifdemh [mcstmr, @mc. 33, 6:19 ........................................................................ 6:

Fcgut QQDs fdi YEDs gd Kgvmrdlmdt @grls fdi Agrrmspgdimdam, @grl #?=.?63 ........................................................... 93Flmreafd Aeveh Hecmrtems ]degd ........................................................................................................................................... 35Flmreafd Aeveh Hecmrtems ]degd. "Yjm Qurvmehhfdam Ediustrefh Aglphmx". Smtremvmi 31 Gatgcmr 3?66 .............................. 35Flmreafd Aurrmday Mxjecet, @mimrfh Smsmrvm Cgfri ........................................................................................................... 01Flmreafd Nurespruimdam 3i, ]detmi Qtftms, §9= (6555) ................................................................................................. 3?, 36Fdtjgdy M. _frmdt. "Yjm Jeiimd Qeim tg tjm LaCreim @CFS Nuiklmdt". Smtremvmi 3?63-63-66 ...................................... 16Fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk (FLH) ........................................................................................................................................... 3:Fthfs Qjrukkmi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60Fthfs Qjrukkmi, Fyd Sfdi, p. 1:; ....................................................................................................................................... 60Futjgretems gd Nuresieategd g` @mimrfh Agurts, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep ....................................................................... 93Futglftmi Ahmfredk Jgusm (F.A.J.) ................................................................................................................................... 11Fyd Sfdi ............................................................................................................................................................................. 60Cfbmr, Sfylgdi (3??=). Afpetfhesl's Fajehhms Jmmh. [ehmy ............................................................................................... 3;

Cfhh, Imcgrfj, mt fh., (33 Lfraj 3?66). "].Q. Cfdbs Gppgsm Yekjtmr Lgdmy Suhms". [fhh Qtrmmt Ngurdfh. Smtremvmi 65Qmptmlcmr 3?66 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3:Cfrthmtt, Crmdt (Lfy 3??3). "Yjm Dmkftevm M``mats g` Lgdmy Hfudimredk gd Magdglea Imvmhgplmdt". Fsefd Imvmhgplmdt

Cfdb. Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr 3?66 ................................................................................................................................ 35Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, @e`tj Mietegd, 65;5, EQCD ?-:355-3?9=-=, pp. 5?0-5?; .............................................................. 6:Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. 6??= ............................................................................................................. 31, 05Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. 661= ................................................................................................................... 0:Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. =:6 ..................................................................................................................... 0;Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. 03= ..................................................................................................................... =0Cgfri g` Kgvmrdgrs g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Qystml ............................................................................................................ 1;Cggtj, [ehhefl (30 Fukust 3?6?). "Lmxeag tfrkmts lgdmy hfudimredk wetj phfd tg helet afsj trfdsfategds". [fsjedktgd

_gst. Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr 3?66 .................................................................................................................................. 35Cguvemr―s Hfw Ieategdfry, 6:=0 .................................................................................................................................... ;3, ;=Agdvmdtegd fkfedst Yrfdsdftegdfh Grkfdezmi Arelm ............................................................................................................ 3:Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) ..................................................................................................................... =1, 0;, 0:Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrts (A.Y.S.―s) ....................................................................................................................... =3, 00Ifdemh [mcstmr ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6;Imct Perus, Nfaqums Nfebfrfd, 6553, Hecrfry g` Agdkrmss #56-;??1? .................................................................................. 33Imcudbedk @mimrfh Smsmrvm Agdsperfay Yjmgrems, Miwfri @hfjmrty ................................................................................... 01Imlfdi `gr Pmreèmi Mveimdam g` "Yrfim gr Cusedmss" Fatevety-Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.), @grl #?9.??: ... 03Impfrtlmdt g` Nusteam ........................................................................................................................................................... 60Impfrtlmdt g` tjm Yrmfsury @grl 5?-33.6 Smpgrt g` @grmekd Cfdb fdi @edfdaefh Faagudts (@CFS) ................................ 16iestreat agurt g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms ......................................................................................................................................... 10

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Mi fdi Mhfedm Crgwd ............................................................................................................................................................ =3M@@ Fdfhyses g` "_ftregt EE," _rgvesegds g` tjm Iglmstea Qmaurety Mdjfdamlmdt Fat g` 3??1, Mhmatrgdea @rgdtemr

@gudiftegd. Smtremvmi Fukust 1?, 3??; ........................................................................................................................... 1=Mhmatrgdea @rgdtemr @gudiftegd............................................................................................................................................. 1=Murgpmfd ]degd (M]) ........................................................................................................................................................... [email protected].@. .............................................................................................................................................................. 30, 3:, 35, 1?@FVs Smkfriedk Smpgrt g` @grmekd Cfdb fdi @edfdaefh Faagudts (@CFS) ‑ @ehedk Smquermlmdts ................................... 11@mfsfcehety g` Argss-Cgrimr Mhmatrgdea @udis Yrfds`mr Smpgrtedk Qystml, @EDAMD ......................................................... 03

@mimrfh Curmfu g` Edvmstekftegd (@.C.E.)............................................................................................................................... 19@mimrfh Md`gramlmdt Futjgrety wetjed Qtftms g` tjm ]degd, @grl #?=.?13 ......................................................................... 93@mimrfh Nuresieategd, @grl #?=.?6: ...................................................................................................................................... 93@mimrfh Smsmrvm .................................................................................................................................................................... 60@mimrfh Smsmrvm Cfdbs ......................................................................................................................................................... 3?@mimrfh Smsmrvm Cgfri ................................................................................................................................................... 3=, 01@mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms frm Dgt Hmkfh Ymdimr, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep ....................................................................... 01@mimrfh Yrfdsfategd Smpgrtedk Smquermlmdts, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep ....................................................................... 03@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram (@.F.Y.@.) ............................................................................................................................... 3:@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram gd Lgdmy Hfudimredk (@.F.Y.@.) ........................................................................................... 30@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Fcgut tjm @.F.Y.@.". Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66 ........................................................... 3:@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Fcgut tjm Dgd-Aggpmrftevm Agudtrems fdi Ymrretgrems (DAAY) Edeteftevm". Smtremvmi 3?

Qmptmlcmr 3?66.2 Yjm Khgcfh Fdte-Lgdmy Hfudimredk Smkelm> F Qjgrt Gvmrvemw, cy Seajfri Jgrgwetz, Afylfd

Eshfdis Ngurdfh, 0 Nfdufry 3?6? ........................................................................................................................................ 3:@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Khgcfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi Ymrrgrest @edfdaedk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj

3?66 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3;@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lmlcmr Agudtry fdi Gcsmrvmrs @FV" ............................................................................... 35@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lessegd". Smtremvmi 6 Lfraj 3?66 ...................................................................................... 1?@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lgdmy Hfudimredk @FV". Smtremvmi 3 Lfraj 3?66 ........................................................... 30@edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lgdmy Hfudimredk @FV". Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66 .................................................. 3:@edfdaefh Arelms Md`gramlmdt Dmtwgrb ("@edAMD") .......................................................................................................... 13@edAMD ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1;@edAMD @grl 6?= Smpgrt g` Edtmrdftegdfh Yrfdspgrtftegd g` Aurrmday gr Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts (ALES) ........................ 16@edAMD @grl 66? Imsekdftegd g` Mxmlpt _mrsgd .............................................................................................................. 13@edAMD @grl 663 (`grlmrhy @grl 6?9) Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) ................................................................ 16@EDAMD `grls, @EDAMD ..................................................................................................................................................... 03

@gudiftegds g` @rmmigl, Peimg 9> [ehh`uh Kgvmrdlmdt Imamptegd fdi _rgpfkfdif, @grl #63.?36 ................................ 6=@ruet g` f _gesgdgus Yrmm Igatredm ...................................................................................................................................... =1Kgi's hfws ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6;Jfekj, Fddf (@mcrufry 61, 3??9). "Imcftm frgudi _ftregt Fat edarmfsms". Dmws (Yjm Ifehy _mddsyhvfdefd). Smtremvmi Nuhy

66, 3??: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1=Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Qmrveam ...................................................................................................................................................... 13Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmtfry @udi (E.L.@.) .................................................................................................................................. 30Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Ed`grlftegd Dmtwgrb. Smtremvmi gd 36 Gatgcmr 3?66 ..................................................... 16Edtmrvemw wetj Quprmlm Agurt Nusteam Qafhef fcgut Jes Cggb Smfiedk Hfw, Mxjecet #66.??0 ........................................... 6=ESQ @grl 6?9? ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11ESQ @grl 6?9?DS Edstruategds, Umfr 3??;, p. 5 ................................................................................................................. 9=ESQ @grl 6?93s ................................................................................................................................................................... 95ESQ @grl 6?93s Edstruategds, Umfr 3??0, p. 69 ................................................................................................................... 9=ESQ @grl :311 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9:ESQ _ucheaftegd 9306 ........................................................................................................................................................... 11ESQ _ucheaftegd =65, Umfr 3??=, p. 31 ................................................................................................................................. 9=Hfwrmdam L. Qfhedkmr, Mdayahgpmief g` wjetm-aghhfr & agrpgrftm arelm> F ‑ E, Pghulm 6, pfkm ;:, EQCD ?-;065-1??9-1,

3??= .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3;Hmkfh Imamptegd, _rgpfkfdif, fdi @rfui, @grl #?=.?69 .............................................................................................. 6=, 03Hmkfh Ymdimr Qtftus, ]detmi Qtftms Impt. g` Yrmfsury [mcsetm ........................................................................................... 03Hmve, Leajfmh (Lfy 3?6?). "Aglcftedk tjm @edfdaedk g` Ymrrgresl> F Jestgry fdi Fssmsslmdt g` tjm Agdtrgh g` 'Yjrmft

@edfdam'". Cretesj Ngurdfh g` Areledghgky =? (9)> 0=? ‑ 005 ............................................................................................. 35

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Hmve, Leajfmh fdi [ehhefl Kehlgrm (3??3). "Ymrrgrest @edfdam, Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi tjm Ses g` Lutufh Mvfhuftegd> F Dmw _frfiekl `gr Arelm Agdtrgh7". Murgpmfd Ngurdfh g` Hfw Sm`grl 9 (3)> 11; ‑ 109 ................................................. 35

Lfrb Ywfed .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6=Lfsafrg, Hesf (Lfy 3;, 3?66). "Agdkrmss vgtms ed telm tg mxtmdi bmy _ftregt Fat prgvesegds". Hgs Fdkmhms Yelms.

Smtremvmi 3?66-?=-3; ....................................................................................................................................................... 19Lfy 3;, 3?66 "Gcflf Qekds Hfst-Ledutm _ftregt Fat Mxtmdsegd". @gx Dmws. Smtremvmi Lfy 3;, 3?66............................ 11Lgimrd Lgdmy Lmajfdeas, @grl #66.=?5, @mimrfh Smsmrvm Cfdb g` Ajeafkg ................................................................... 01Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdt Hgk ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

Lgdmy fdi tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Qystml> Lytj fdi Smfhety, Agdkrmssegdfh Smsmfraj Qmrveam Smpgrt #50-0;3M, Nuhy 16,6550 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 01

Lgdmy Crem`, Fttgrdmy Hfrry Cmarf`t ................................................................................................................................... 01Lgdmy Hfudimredk Cuhhmted, Essum 6=9, Nudm 3??:, Ir Nfabem Jfrvmy (Dmwafsthm Cusedmss Qajggh .................................. 35Lgdmy Hfudimredk Es @edfdaefh Yjgukjtarelm .................................................................................................................... 30Lgdmy Hfudimredk _rmvmdtegd> F Lgdmy Qmrveams Cusedmss Kueim, @EDAMD ................................................................... 03Lgdmy Lfstmrs Peimg Igaulmdtfry, @grl #66.=66, Cehh Qtehhs .................................................................................... 33, 01Lgdmy Qmrveams Cusedmss (LQC) Heamdsm............................................................................................................................ 6=Lgdmy Qmrveams Cusedmssms (L.Q.C.s) ................................................................................................................................. 1;Lgdmy, Cfdbedk, fdi Armiet _fkm, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep ........................................................................................ 01Lgdmy, Cgdf @eim gr Dgd-Cgdf @eim, @grl #66.=?0, Ir. Miwfri _gpp, 65;? .................................................................. 01Lr. Lftjms ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3= Dftegdfh Iruk Edtmhhekmdam Amdtmr (Fukust 3?66). "Dftegdfh Iruk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". p. 9?. Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr

3?66 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3; Dftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Imamlcmr 3??=. p. 11. Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj 3?66 .................................. 3; Dftegdfh Qmaurety Hmttmrs ...................................................................................................................................................... 19Gkehvem Hmttmr, Mxjecet #?0.??6 ............................................................................................................................................ 39Grkfdezftegd `gr Magdglea Aggpmrftegd fdi Imvmhgplmdt (G.M.A.I.) .............................................................................. 35_CQ (@mcrufry ;, 3??;), Dgw wetj Cehh Lgymrs, trfdsarept ................................................................................................. 1=_emams g` Mekjt, Qmagdi Smvesegd, Miwed Pemrf2 EQCD-6?-?50;6;=56;, 3??3 ............................................................. 6:, 01_rmseimdt Cfrfab Gcflf ...................................................................................................................................................... 11_rmseimdt Kmgrkm [. Cusj ............................................................................................................................................. 11, 19Smpgrtedk Quspeaegus Fatevety> F Vueab Sm`mrmdam Kueim `gr Lgdmy Qmrveam Cusedmssms, @EDAMD ................................. 03Smutmr, _mtmr (3??9). Ajfsedk Ierty Lgdmy. _mtmrsgd. EQCD 5;:-?-::613-1;?-3 ........................................................ 30, 3;Sgtj, Ngjd, mt fh. (3? Fukust 3??9). "Lgdgkrfpj gd Ymrrgrest @edfdaedk". Dftegdfh Agllessegd gd Ymrrgrest Fttfabs ]pgd

tjm ]detmi Qtftms. pp. =9 ‑ =0. Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66 ........................................................................................... 3:

Suss @medkghi ....................................................................................................................................................................... 19Qftfd ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 60QMA Smhmfsm Dg. 19-9;;=3, @ehm Dg. Q;-3=-?3 ................................................................................................................... 03Qmarmtfry g` Yrmfsury ........................................................................................................................................................... 1;Qmarmts g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm, @grl #66.=6?, Mustfam Luhheds, 6556 ................................................................... 33, 01, ;3QMIL Nuresieategds Iftfcfsm Gdhedm, Hetekftegd Yggh #?5.??9 .......................................................................................... 06QMIL Nuresieategds Iftfcfsm, Hetekftegd Yggh #?5.??1 ...................................................................................................... 06QMIL Hetekftegd Ygghs pfkm ............................................................................................................................................... 06Qmdftgr _ftreab Hmfjy .......................................................................................................................................................... 1=Qmdftgr Suss @medkghi .......................................................................................................................................................... 19Qmpfrftegd g` _gwmrs Igatredm ............................................................................................................................................. 6=Qedkmh, Syfd (Lfraj 63, 3??1). "F Ajehhy Smspgdsm tg '_ftregt EE'". _gheteas > Hfw ([ermi Dmws). Smtremvmi Nuhy 66, 3??:

.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1=QQF @grl QQ-= .................................................................................................................................................................... 0=Qtmrfdbg, Fdfstfsef (Qmptmlcmr 65, 3??1). "_FYSEGY Fat edsperms iesaussegd g` aeveh hecmrtems". Yjm _ett Dmws. Smtremvmi

Nuhy 66, 3??: .................................................................................................................................................................... 1=Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (Q.F.S.) .................................................................................................................................... 13Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (QFS) ....................................................................................................................................... =1Yjm Agledk Cftthm, L.[. [fhcmrt, 6:55 ............................................................................................................................ 01Yjm Armfturm rgl Nmbyhh Eshfdi, K. Miwfri Kre``ed, @grl #66.=?: .................................................................................. ;3Yjm Armfturm `rgl Nmbyhh Eshfdi, @grl #66.=?:, Mi Kre``ed .......................................................................................... 33, 01Yjm Magdglest lfkfzedm ..................................................................................................................................................... 35Yjm Krmft Aggbem Nfr, @grl #66.=?=, Ir. Miwfri _gpp, 65;: ............................................................................................ 01

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Yjm EY Hfw Aglludety. "Iftf _rgtmategd, Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi Ymrrgresl". Smtremvmi 31 Gatgcmr 3?66 .................... 35Yjm Hfw g` Dftegds, p. :;, M. Im Pfttmh, Pghulm Yjrmm, 6;=: ........................................................................................... 95Yjm Hgst Yrfeh". Yjm Magdglest. 3? Gatgcmr 3??=. Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr 3?66 ............................................................. 35Yjm Lgdmy Qafl, @grl #?=.?96 ......................................................................................................................................... 03Yjm Yjmgry g` Lgdmy fdi Armiet, @grl #66.=?1, Huiwek Pgd Lesms, 6563 ...................................................................... 01Yrmfsury Impfrtlmdt @grl 5?-33.9; fdi GAA @grl :?6?-5, :?6?-6 Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (QFS) ......................... 16].Q. Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh .......................................................................................................................................................... 10].Q. @mimrfh rmsmrvm cfdb ..................................................................................................................................................... 1;

].Q. Ledt [mcsetm ................................................................................................................................................................ ;9].Q. Quprmlm Agurt Nuikm Fdtgdgd Qafhef .......................................................................................................................... 6=].Q. Yrmfsury........................................................................................................................................................................ 1=]detmi Dftegds Agdvmdtegd Fkfedst Ehheaet Yrf`èa ed Dfragtea Iruks fdi _syajgtrgpea Qucstfdams ................................... 3:]detmi Dftegds G`èam gd Iruks fdi Arelm ......................................................................................................................... 16]detmi Qtftms Impfrtlmdt g` Nusteam (@mcrufry ;, 3??;), Qtftmlmdt g` Cfrcfrf Aglstgab, Iermatgr g` _uchea F``fers ...... 1=]detmi Qtftms Impfrtlmdt g` Yrmfsury ................................................................................................................................. 1;Puhhefly, Mi (3?66-?9-?3). "Jgw f cek ]Q cfdb hfudimrmi cehhegds `rgl Lmxeag's lurimrgus iruk kfdks". Yjm Gcsmrvmr.

Smtremvmi 3?61-?0-3: ....................................................................................................................................................... 11[fajgvef Cfdb .................................................................................................................................................................... 11[fr gd Iruks ....................................................................................................................................................................... 30[mc g` Imct, Mhhmd Jgiksgd Crgwd .................................................................................................................................... 33[jy Et es Ehhmkfh `gr lm tg Smqumst gr ]sm f Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmr, @grl #?9.3?= ........................................... 13

[jy Qtftutgry Aeveh Hfw es Hfw `gr Kgvmrdlmdt fdi Dgt _revftm _mrsgds, @grl #?=.?1; .......................................... =1, =0[jy Ugu frm f ‘dftegdfh“, ‘stftm dftegdfh“, fdi Agdstetutegdfh cut dgt Qtftutgry Aetezmd, @grl #?=.??0 .......................... 11[ebepmief> Cfdb Qmarmay Fat (C.Q.F.) ................................................................................................................................ 03[ebepmief> Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) .............................................................................................................. 03[ebepmief> _ftregt Fat .......................................................................................................................................................... 03[ebepmief> Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (Q.F.S.) .................................................................................................................. 03[grhi Cfdb .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16[grhi Cfdb @edfdaefh Lfrbmt Edtmkrety. Flha`t.grk. Smtremvmi gd 36 Gatgcmr 3?66 .......................................................... 16Umjuif Fcrfjfl .................................................................................................................................................................. 1:

Qarepturms

6 Yel. 0>6? ........................................................................................................................................................................... 60

Imut. 31>65 ........................................................................................................................................................................... ;3Imut. 31>3? ........................................................................................................................................................................... ;3Mzm. 3:>60 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 60Jgs. 63>;, : .................................................................................................................................................................... 6;, ;1Jgsmf 9>0 .............................................................................................................................................................................. =1Esfefj =3>1 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 95Lfttjmw Jmdry―s Agllmdtfry gd tjm [jghm Cechm2 Jmdry, L., 6550, a6556, udimr _rgv. 66>6 ................................. 6;, ;1_rgv. 66>6, 6?>6?, 3?>31 ....................................................................................................................................................... 6;_rgv. 3?>6? ........................................................................................................................................................................... ;1_rgv. 36>0-; .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6;_rgv. 35>9 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 60

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl 6= g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

6 _urpgsm6

Yjes igaulmdt wehh mxphfed jgw stftutms prmvmdtedk lgdmy hfudimredk frm cmedk lesrmprmsmdtmi fdi fcusmi tg faaglphesj3

fhh tjm `ghhgwedk ehhmkfh fats>1

6. Aglpmh usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs ed areledfh veghftegd g` 93 ].Q.A. §9?:(f)(:).9

3. Ehhmkfhhy fdi udagdstetutegdfhhy agdvmrt _SEPFYM prgpmrty impgsetmi wetj èdfdaefh edstetutegds tg _]CHEA prgpmrty.=

1. Ehhmkfhhy fdi udagdstetutegdfhhy mxpfdi `mimrfh nuresieategd cmygdi `mimrfh tmrretgry ed veghftegd g` tjm Qmpfrftegd g`0

_gwmrs Igatredm.;

9. Edstetutm eimdtety tjm`t fkfedst pmgphm igleaehmi ed agdstetutegdfh stftms g` tjm ]degd wjmrmcy tjmer eimdtety es ehhmkfhhy:

beidfppmi fdi trfdspgrtmi fkfedst tjmer wehh fdi g`tmd wetjgut tjmer bdgwhmikm tg tjm Iestreat g` Aghulcef, wjeaj5

Lfrb Ywfed afhhmi tjm Iestreat g` Areledfhs.6?

=. Edstetutm `fhsm fdi/gr `rfuiuhmdt kgvmrdlmdt prgpfkfdif fdi iesed`grlftegd tjft prgtmats fdi mxpfdis tjm fcgvm ehhmkfh66

fcusms.63

Ehhmkfh usm gr fppheaftegd g` lgdmy hfudimredk fdi rmpgrtedk stftutms es tjm LFED tggh usmi cy f agrruptmi agvmtgus61

kgvmrdlmdt tg ehhmkfhhy tmrrgrezm, pgheteafhhy pmrsmautm, fdi ‘smhmatevmhy md`gram“ fkfedst `rmmigl ledimi Flmreafds fhh gvmr69

tjm agudtry. Fd udimrstfdiedk g` jgw tjes ehhmkfh fdi mvmd ASELEDFH ‘smhmatevm md`gramlmdt“ es edstetutmi es aruaefh e` ygu6=

wesj tg survevm suaj ehhmkfh pmrsmautegd. Cmhgw frm sglm g` tjm prmsmdt fdi pfst krgups f` matmi cy suaj ehhmkfh md`gramlmdt>60

6. Yjm Dftegdfh Agllgiety fdi Cfrtmr fssgaeftegd wfs sjut igwd.6;

3. Cetaged setms wmrm `grami tg gctfed f Lgdmy Qmrveams Cusedmss (LQC) Heamdsm fdi rmpgrt fkfedst pmgphm wjg wmrm6:

DGY sucnmat tg rmpgrtedk.65

1. M-Kghi, Qflumh Nfabsgd, wfs rfeimi cy tjm @CE, ESQ, fdi Impfrtlmdt g` Yrmfsury fdi tjrmftmdmi wetj areledfh3?

prgsmautegd `gr lgdmy hfudimredk e` jm iei dgt èhm BDG[EDKHU `fhsm `mimrfh trfdsfategd rmpgrts fkfedst dgdrmseimdt36

pfrtems wjg wmrm dgt sucnmat tg tjml.33

9. _mgphm imfhedk ed afsj tg HF[@]HHU fvgei cfdbs tjft `gram tjml tg lesrmprmsmdtedk tjmer stftus fs stftutgry ‘].Q. 31

pmrsgds“ `gr tjm _SEPEHMKM g` gpmdedk fd faagudt frm `rmqumdthy fdi EHHMKFHHU prgsmautmi `gr lgdmy hfudimredk39

fdi tfx mvfsegd.3=

Hebm sg lfdy gtjmr frmfs wjmrm tjmrm es kgvmrdlmdt agrruptegd, tjm kgvmrdlmdt fdi èdfdaefh edstetutegd arelms imsarecmi ed30

tjes igaulmdt rmsuht dgt `rgl tjm hfws fs wrettmd, cut jgw tjmy frm LEQ-edtmrprmtmi, LEQ-rmprmsmdtmi, fdi ehhmkfhhy md`grami3;

fkfedst tjgsm DGY imlgdstrfchy gr `fatufhhy sucnmat tg tjml. Yjft les-edtmrprmtftegd fdi les-md`gramlmdt grekedftms3:

prelfrehy `rgl agvmtgusdmss g` pgheteafds `gr UG]S lgdmy, fdi `rgl tjm vfed fdi smh`-smrvedk hust `gr pgwmr mxjecetmi cy35

tjmsm pmgphm, fs imsarecmi cy ].Q. Quprmlm Agurt Nuikm Fdtgdgd Qafhef ed tjm `ghhgwedk veimg>1?

Edtmrvemw wetj Quprmlm Agurt Nusteam Qafhef fcgut Jes Cggb Smfiedk Hfw, Mxjecet #66.??0jttp>//smil.grk/Mxjecets/MxjecetEdimx.jtl

@gr ùrtjmr mxjfustevm mveimdam gd jgw wgris g` frt frm systmlfteafhhy fcusmi fs f wfy tg QYMFH nuresieategd tjft agurts ed16

`fat ig dgt jfvm fdi tg agllet areledfh eimdtety tjm`t fkfedst stftm aetezmds ed tjm prgamss, smm>13

6. Hmkfh Imamptegd, _rgpfkfdif, fdi @rfui , @grl #?=.?6911

@GSLQ _FKM> jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 19

IESMAY HEDB> jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/?=-LmlHfw/[email protected]` 1=

3. Kgvmrdlmdt Eimdtety Yjm`t , @grl #?=.?9010

@GSLQ _FKM> jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 1;

IESMAY HEDB> jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/?=-LmlHfw/KgvmrdlmdtEimdtetyYjm`t.pi` 1:

1. @gudiftegds g` @rmmigl, Peimg 9> [ehhùh Kgvmrdlmdt Imamptegd fdi _rgpfkfdif, @grl #63.?3615

@GSLQ _FKM> jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 9?

IESMAY HEDB> jttp>//www.ygutucm.agl/wftaj7v<IvdYHW^=fsa 96

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3 Lgdmy Cfabkrgudi6

3.6 Futjgretems gd ‘imamet ed agllmram“ fdi ‘nust wmekjts fdi lmfsurms“ 3

Yjes smategd imsarecms futjgretems gr nust wmekjts, lmfsurms, fdi trfim `rgl vfregus futjgretftevm sgurams. Yjm Cechm sfys1

tjft tjm hgvm g` lgdmy, dgt lgdmy etsmh`, es tjm rggt g` FHH mveh.9

"Yjm hgvm g` Rygur\ lgdmy es tjm rggt g` fhh Rkgvmrdlmdt\ mveh."=

R6 Yel. 0>6? , Cechm, DBNP\0

Yjm Cechm fhsg agdahuims tjft iesjgdmst agllmram wfs tjm rmfsgd tjft Qftfd jelsmh` wfs afst gut g` Kgi―s prmsmdam. Qftfd;

es tjmrm`grm tjm rggt g` fhh mveh cmafusm jm hgvmi lgdmy>:

‘ Cy tjm fcudifdam g` ygur RQftfd―s\ trfiedk Ragllmram\5

Ugu cmaflm ehhmi wetj veghmdam wetjed,6?

Fdi ygu seddmi266

Yjmrm`grm E afst ygu fs f prg`fdm tjedk63

Gut g` tjm lgudtfed g` Kgi261

Fdi E imstrgymi ygu, G agvmredk ajmruc,69

@rgl tjm leist g` tjm èmry stgdms.6=

RMzm. 3:>60, Cechm, DBNP\60

Fyd Sfdi put et cmst, wjmd sjm sfei ed jmr cggb Fthfs Qjrukkmi fcgut tjm sucnmat g` lgdmy, fdi tjm rmquermlmdt gr agdsmdt, 6;jgdmsty, fdi edtmkrety cy kgvmrdlmdt ed fdy fdi mvmry mdimfvgr>6:

" Lgdmy es tjm cfrglmtmr g` f sgaemty's vertum. [jmd ygu smm tjft trfiedk Rgr rmhekegus ledestry, `gr tjft lfttmr\65

es igdm, dgt cy agdsmdt, cut cy Rkgvmrdlmdt\ aglpuhsegd Rgr rmkuhftegd\--wjmd ygu smm tjft ed grimr tg prgiuam,3?

ygu dmmi tg gctfed pmrlessegd `rgl lmd Red tjm ESQ \ wjg prgiuam dgtjedk--wjmd ygu smm tjft lgdmy es `hgwedk36

tg tjgsm wjg imfh, dgt ed kggis, cut ed Rpgheteafh\ `fvgrs--wjmd ygu smm tjft lmd kmt reajmr cy krf`t fdi cy puhh33

R" mxtgrtegd udimr tjm aghgr g` hfw" \ tjfd cy wgrb, fdi ygur hfws igd't prgtmat ygu fkfedst tjml Rtjm kgvmrdlmdt\,31

cut prgtmat tjml Rtjm kgvmrdlmdt\ fkfedst ygu--wjmd ygu smm agrruptegd cmedk rmwfrimi Rcy f agrruptmi mimrfh39

nuieaefry\ fdi jgdmsty Rfdi jfri wgrb, fdi pmrsgdfh rmspgdsecehety\ cmagledk f smh`-sfareèam--ygu lfy bdgw3=

tjft ygur sgaemty es igglmiR!\. Lgdmy es sg dgchm f lmieul tjft et igms dgt aglpmtm wetj kuds fdi et igms dgt30

lfbm tmrls wetj crutfhety. Et wehh dgt pmrlet f agudtry tg survevm fs jfh`-prgpmrty, jfh`-hggt.3;

"[jmdmvmr imstrgymrs Rtjm ESQ , tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm , fdi tjm Impt g` Nusteam\ fppmfr flgdk lmd, tjmy stfrt cy3:

imstrgyedk lgdmy, `gr lgdmy es lmd's prgtmategd fdi tjm cfsm g` f lgrfh mxestmdam. Imstrgymrs Red tjm @mimrfh35

Smsmrvm\ smezm kghi fdi hmfvm tg ets gwdmrs f agudtmr met pehm g` Rèft\ pfpmr. Yjes behhs fhh gcnmatevm stfdifris fdi1?

imhevmrs lmd edtg tjm frcetrfry pgwmr g` fd frcetrfry smttmr g` vfhums Rf agrruptmi kgvmrdlmdt , ed tjes afsm\. Kghi16wfs Rfdi agdtedums tg cm\ fd gcnmatevm vfhum, fd mquevfhmdt g` wmfhtj prgiuami. _fpmr es f lgrtkfkm gd wmfhtj13

tjft igms dgt mxest, cfabmi cy f kud felmi Rcy f tyrfdt nuikm wetj f agd`heat g` edtmrmst \ ft tjgsm wjg frm mxpmatmi11

tg prgiuam et. _fpmr R@mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms\ es f ajmab irfwd cy hmkfh hggtmrs upgd fd faagudt wjeaj es dgt19

tjmers> upgd tjm vertum g` tjm veatels. [ftaj `gr tjm ify wjmd et cmaglms, lfrbmi> 'Faagudt gvmrirfwd.'1=

"[jmd ygu jfvm lfim mveh Rkgvmrdlmdt hggtedk tjrgukj agdstruatevm rfui, gcùsaftegd fdi aglpheaftegd g` tjm10

tfx hfws, fdi tjrgukj sgaefhest/julfdest tfx systml tjft rmwfris fdi sucseiezms hfzedmss, errmspgdsecehety, fdi1;

kgvmrdlmdt impmdimday fdi pudesjms fdi tfxms suaamss\ tjm lmfds g` survevfh, ig dgt mxpmat lmd tg rmlfed1:

kggi. Ig dgt mxpmat tjml tg stfy lgrfh fdi hgsm tjmer hevms gr tjm purpgsm g` cmagledk tjm giimr g` tjm ellgrfh15

Rkgvmrdlmdt pfrfsetms\. Ig dgt mxpmat tjml tg prgiuam, wjmd prgiuategd es pudesjmi fdi Rkgvmrdlmdt\ hggtedk9?

rmwfrimi. Ig dgt fsb, '[jg es imstrgyedk tjm wgrhi7' Ugu frm Rcy igedk DGYJEDK tg agrrmat tjm agrruptegd gr96

cy faamptedk FDU g` tjm stghmd hggt ed tjm `grl g` f kgvmrdlmdt jfdigut/crecm\."93

R Fthfs Qjrukkmi , Fyd Sfdi, p. 1:;\91

Cy lfbedk tjm fcgvm stftmlmdt, Ls. Sfdi es mlpjfsezedk tjft tjmrm es dg lgrm elpgrtfdt frmf wjmrm kgvmrdlmdt jgdmsty99

fdi edtmkrety es dmamssfry tjfd ed tjm wfy kgvmrdlmdt jfdihms lgdmy fdi agllmram. F kgvmrdlmdt tjft lesjfdihms gr9=

agvmts lgdmy fdi stmfhs et es f cfi kgvmrdlmdt tjft es edtmdt gd imstrgyedk, dgt prgtmatedk tjm sgaemty tjft et es agdstetutegdfhhy90

tfsbmi wetj prgtmatedk.9;

"Yjm bedk Rgr puchea smrvfdt\ mstfchesjms tjm hfdi cy nusteam2 cut jm wjg rmamevms crecms Rgr stghmd HGGY\9:

gvmrtjrgws et."95

R_rgv. 35>9 , Cechm, DBNP\=?

‘Kmttedk trmfsurms Rstghmd hggt\ cy f hyedk tgdkum=6

Es tjm `hmmtedk fdtfsy g` tjgsm wjg smmb imftj.=3

Yjm veghmdam g` tjm weabmi wehh imstrgy tjml,=1

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl 6; g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Cmafusm tjmy rmùsm tg ig nusteam.“ 6

R_rgv. 36>0-; , Cechm, DBNP\3

Kgi sfys ed tjm Cechm tjft imamet ed agllmram , fdi cy elpheaftegd tfxftegd fs wmhh, es f jftmùh fcgledftegd tg tjm Hgri. 1

[jft Kgi jftms, wm frm fhsg suppgsmi tg jftm fs Ajrestefds, fdi dgteam tjm tjedk tjft es cmedk jftmi es dgt f pmrsgd, cut fd9

mveh fdi udhfwùh cmjfvegr tjft veghftms Kgi's hfws fdi/gr lfd's hfws. Cmhgw es fd mxphfdftegd g` prmaesmhy wjy Kgi jftms=

imamet ed agllmram sg vmjmlmdthy fdi wjy uhtelftmhy, tjgsm wjg gpmdhy fdi wehhùhhy prfateam et frm kgedk tg JMHH, cfsmi0

gd agllmdtfry rmhftedk tg tjm _rgv. 66>6, 6?>6?, 3?>31 `gudi ed tjm Cechm>;

"Fs rmhekegd tgwfris Kgi es f crfdaj g` udevmrsfh rekjtmgusdmss (jm es dgt fd jgdmst lfd tjft es dgt imvgut), sg:

rekjtmgusdmss tgwfris lmd es f crfdaj g` trum rmhekegd, gr jm es dgt f kgihy lfd tjft es dgt jgdmst , dgr afd jm5

mxpmat tjft jes imvgtegd sjguhi cm faamptmi2 gr,6?

6. Dgtjedk es lgrm g``mdsevm tg Kgi tjfd imamet ed agllmram . F `fhsm cfhfdam es jmrm put `gr fhh lfddmr g`66

udnust fdi `rfuiuhmdt prfateams Rg` gur puchea ies-smrvfdts\ ed imfhedk wetj fdy pmrsgd Rwetjed tjm puchea\,63

wjeaj frm fhh fd fcgledftegd tg tjm Hgri, fdi rmdimr tjgsm fcgledfchm Rjftmi\ tg jel tjft fhhgw tjmlsmhvms61

ed tjm usm g` suaj faaursmi frts g` tjrevedk. Et es fd f``rgdt tg nusteam, wjeaj Kgi es tjm pftrgd g`, fs wmhh fs f69

wrgdk tg gur dmekjcgur, wjgl Kgi es tjm prgtmatgr g`. Lmd Red tjm ESQ fdi tjm Agdkrmss\ lfbm hekjt g` suaj6=

`rfuis, fdi tjedb tjmrm es dg sed ed tjft wjeaj tjmrm es lgdmy tg cm kgt cy, fdi, wjehm et pfssms udiesagvmrmi,60

tjmy afddgt chflm tjmlsmhvms `gr et2 f chgt es dg chgt tehh et es jet, Jgs. 63>;, :. Cut tjmy frm dgt tjm hmss fd6;

fcgledftegd tg Kgi, wjg wehh cm tjm fvmdkmr g` tjgsm tjft frm im`rfuimi cy tjmer crmtjrmd. 6:

3. Dgtjedk es lgrm phmfsedk tg Kgi tjfd `fer fdi jgdmst imfhedk, dgr lgrm dmamssfry tg lfbm us fdi gur65

imvgtegds faamptfchm tg jel> F nust wmekjt es jes imhekjt. Jm jelsmh` kgms cy f nust wmekjt, fdi jghis tjm safhm3?

g` nuiklmdt wetj fd mvmd jfdi, fdi tjmrm`grm es phmfsmi wetj tjgsm tjft frm jmrmed ghhgwmrs g` jel.36

F R`fhsm\ cfhfdam, R wjmtjmr et cm ed tjm `mimrfh agurtrggl gr ft tjm ESQ gr ed tjm lfrbmtphfam , \ ajmfts, udimr33

prmtmdam g` igedk rekjt lgst mxfathy, fdi tjmrm`grm es tjm krmftmr fcgledftegd tg Kgi." 31

RLfttjmw Jmdry―s Agllmdtfry gd tjm [jghm Cechm2 Jmdry, L., 6550, a6556, udimr _rgv. 66>6\39

Ifdemh [mcstmr, fd mfrhy stftmslfd g` Flmreaf, fhsg jfi tjm `ghhgwedk tg sfy fcgut f lgdmtfry systml tjft es dgt cfsmi gd3=

sucstfdam, wjmd jm sfei>30

Et wguhi cm tg gur mvmrhfstedk rmprgfaj, et wguhi cm phfaedk us cmhgw tjm kmdmrfh hmvmh g` tjm edtmhhekmdam g`3;

aevehezmi stftms, tg filet tjft wm afddgt agdtrevm lmfds tg mdngy tjm cmdmèts g` cfdb aerauhftegd, fdi g` fvgeiedk,3:

ft tjm sflm telm, ets ifdkmrs. Edimmi, Qer, dg agdtrevfdam es dmamssfry. Et es agdtrevfdam fdi tjm hgvm g`35

agdtrevfdam, tjft spgeh fhh. [m frm imstrgyedk gursmhvms cy f rmlmiy wjeaj dg mveh afhhmi `gr. [m frm ruededk1?

pmr`mat jmfhtj cy dgstruls fdi qufabmry. [m jfvm hevmi jetjmrtg udimr f wmhh agdstruatmi, prfateafh, fdi16

cmdmèaefh systml2 f systml dgt surpfssmi cy fdy ed tjm wgrhi2 fdi et smmls tg lm tg cm prmsuledk hfrkmhy edimmi,13

gd tjm armiuhety fdi smh` imdefh g` tjm pmgphm, tg rusj wetj suaj suiimd fdi elpmtugus jfstm edtg dmw sajmlms11fdi dmw tjmgrems, tg gvmrturd fdi fddejehftm fhh tjft wm jfvm sg hgdk gudi usmùh.19

Gur systml jfs jetjmrtg cmmd gdm ed wjeaj pfpmr jfs cmmd aerauhftedk gd tjm strmdktj g` f spmaem cfses2 tjft es tg1=

sfy, wjmd mvmry cfdb-dgtm wfs agdvmrtechm edtg spmaem ft tjm wehh g` tjm jghimr. Yjes jfs cmmd gur kufri fkfedst10

mxamss. [jehm cfdbs frm cgudi tg rmimml tjmer cehhs cy pfyedk kghi fdi sehvmr gd imlfdi, fdi frm ft fhh telms1;

fchm tg ig tjes, tjm aurrmday es sf`m fdi agdvmdemdt. Quaj f aurrmday es dgt pfpmr lgdmy, ed ets giegus smdsm. Et es1:

dgt hebm tjm Agdtedmdtfh pfpmr g` Smvghutegdfry telms2 et es dgt hebm tjm wgrtjhmss cehhs g` cfdbs wjeaj jfvm15

suspmdimi spmaem pfylmdts. Gd tjm agdtrfry, et es tjm rmprmsmdtftevm g` kghi fdi sehvmr, fdi agdvmrtechm edtg kghi9?

fdi sehvmr gd imlfdi, fdi tjmrm`grm fdswmrs tjm purpgsms g` kghi fdi sehvmr2 fdi sg hgdk fs ets armiet es ed tjes96

wfy sustfedmi, et es tjm ajmfpmst, tjm cmst, fdi tjm lgst agdvmdemdt aerauhftedk lmieul. E jfvm fhrmfiy mdimfvgrmi93

tg wfrd tjm agudtry fkfedst errmimmlfchm pfpmr2 fkfedst tjm pfpmr g` cfdbs wjeaj ig dgt pfy spmaem `gr tjmer91

gwd dgtms2 fkfedst tjft lesmrfchm, fcgledfchm, fdi `rfuiuhmdt pgheay, wjeaj fttmlpts tg kevm vfhum tg fdy99

pfpmr, g` fdy cfdb, gdm sedkhm lglmdt hgdkmr tjfd suaj pfpmr es rmimmlfchm gd imlfdi ed kghi fdi sehvmr. E9=

wesj lgst sg6mldhy fdi mfrdmsthy tg rmpmft tjft wfrdedk. E smm ifdkmr g` tjft stftm g` tjedks fjmfi. E smm90

elledmdt ifdkmr tjft f pgrtegd g` tjm Qtftm cfdbs wehh stgp spmaem pfylmdts. Yjm hftm lmfsurm g` tjm Qmarmtfry,9;

fdi tjm ed`ftuftegd wetj wjeaj et smmls tg cm suppgrtmi, tmdi iermathy fdi strgdkhy tg tjft rmsuht. ]dimr prmtmdam,9:

tjmd, g` f imsekd tg rmturd tg f aurrmday wjeaj sjfhh cm fhh spmaem, wm frm hebmhy tg jfvm f aurrmday ed wjeaj tjmrm95

sjfhh cm dg spmaem ft fhh. [m frm ed ifdkmr g` cmedk gvmrwjmhlmi wetj errmimmlfchm pfpmr, lmrm pfpmr,=?

rmprmsmdtedk dgt kghi dgr sehvmr2 dg, Qer, rmprmsmdtedk dgtjedk cut crgbmd prglesms, cfi `fetj, cfdbrupt=6

agrpgrftegds, ajmftmi armietgrs, fdi ruedmi pmgphm. Yjes, E mfr, Qer, lfy cm tjm agdsmqumdam, fhrmfiy fhfrledkhy=3

dmfr, g` tjes fttmlpt, udwesm e` et cm rmfh, fdi krgsshy `rfuiuhmdt e` et cm gdhy prmtmdimi, g` mstfchesjedk fd=1

mxahusevmhy jfri-lgdmy aurrmday.=9

Cut, Qer, e` tjes sjgab aguhi cm fvgeimi, fdi e` wm aguhi rmfaj tjm gcnmat g` fd mxahusevm lmtfhhea aerauhftegd, wm==

sjguhi èdi ed tjft vmry suaamss smregus fdi edsurlgudtfchm edagdvmdemdams. [m rmquerm dmetjmr errmimmlfchm=0

pfpmr, dgr ymt mxahusevmhy jfri lgdmy. [m rmquerm f lexmi systml. [m rmquerm spmaem, fdi wm rmquerm, tgg, kggi=;

cfdb pfpmr, gudimi gd spmaem, rmprmsmdtedk spmaem, fdi agdvmrtechm edtg spmaem gd imlfdi. [m rmquerm, ed sjgrt,=:

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl 6: g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

nust suaj f aurrmday fs wm jfvm hgdk mdngymi, fdi tjm fivfdtfkms g` wjeaj wm smml dgw, wetj udfaagudtfchm6

rfsjdmss, fcgut tg tjrgw fwfy.3

RF Smimmlfchm _fpmr Aurrmday, Qpmmaj cy Ifdemh [mcstmr, @mc. 33, 6:1921

QG]SAM> jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Lgdmy/FSmimmlfchm_fpmrAurrmday-6:19?333-9

Ifdemh[mcstmr.pi` \ =

3.3 [jft es ‘Lgdmy“7 0

Yjm hmkfh imèdetegd g` lgdmy `gudi ed Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry rmfis fs `ghhgws>;

Lgdmy. Ed usufh fdi griedfry faamptftegd et lmfds ageds fdi pfpmr aurrmday usmi fs aerauhftedk lmieul:

g` mxajfdkm, fdi igms dgt mlcrfam dgtms, cgdis, mveimdams g` imct, gr gtjmr pmrsgdfh gr rmfh mstftm. Hfdm v.5

Sfehmy, 3:? By. 165, 611 Q.[.3i. ;9, ;5, :6. Qmm fhsg Aurrmday2 Aurrmdt lgdmy2 @hft lgdmy2 Hmkfh tmdimr2 Dmfr6?

lgdmy2 Qarep2 [flpul.66

F lmieul g` mxajfdkm futjgrezmi gr figptmi cy f iglmstea gr `grmekd kgvmrdlmdt fs f pfrt g` ets aurrmday.63

].A.A. 6-3?6(39).61

_uchea lgdmy. Smvmdum rmamevmi `rgl `mimrfh, stftm, fdi hgafh kgvmrdlmdts `rgl tfxms, `mms, èdms, mta. Qmm69

Smvmdum.6=

R Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, @e`tj Mietegd, 65;5, EQCD ?-:355-3?9=-=, pp. 5?0-5?;\60

Lgdmy es imèdmi ed tjm ]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd fs `ghhgws>6;

]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd6:

Frteahm 6, Qmategd 6?, Ahfusm 665

Dg Qtftm sjfhh mdtmr edtg fdy Yrmfty, Fhhefdam, gr Agd`mimrftegd2 krfdt Hmttmrs g` Lfrqum fdi Smpresfh2 aged3?

Lgdmy2 mlet Cehhs g` Armiet2 lfbm fdy Yjedk cut kghi fdi sehvmr Aged fs Ymdimr ed _fylmdt g` Imcts2 pfss fdy 36

Cehh g` Fttfedimr, mx pgst `fatg Hfw, Hfw elpferedk tjm Gchekftegd g` Agdtrfats , gr krfdt fdy Yethm g` Dgcehety.“ 33

Yjm pgwmr g` Agdkrmss tg aged lgdmy es `gudi ed Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm = g` tjm ].Q. Agdstetutegd>31

].Q. Agdstetutegd39

Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm =3=

Yjm Agdkrmss sjfhh jfvm _gwmr Yg. . .30

Yg aged Lgdmy, rmkuhftm tjm Pfhum tjmrmg`, fdi g` grmekd Aged, fdi èx tjm Qtfdifri g` [mekjts fdi Lmfsurms3;

Yjm èrst imèdetegd g` lgdmy fppmfrmi ed tjm ]detmi Qtftms g` Flmreaf Lgdmy Fat, Fpreh 3, 6;53, 6 Qtft. 390.3:

Yjm aurrmdt futjgrety `gr tjm ].Q. ledt tg prgiuam ageds es `gudi ed 16 ].Q.A. §=663.35

Yjm lgst aglphmtm fdi futjgretftevm stuiy g` agdstetutegdfh lgdmy mvmr puchesjmi es `gudi ed tjm `ghhgwedk igaulmdt>1?

_emams g` Mekjt , Qmagdi Smvesegd, Miwed Pemrf2 EQCD-6?-?50;6;=56;, 3??3jttp>//www.miwedvemerf.agl/

3.1 Lgdmy fs imct16

Yjm Agdstetutegd futjgrezms Agdkrmss tg cgrrgw lgdmy>13

]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd11

Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 319

Yjm Agdkrmss sjfhh jfvm _gwmr. . .1=

Yg cgrrgw Lgdmy gd tjm armiet g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms210

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Yjm ].Q. Quprmlm Agurt agdèrlmi ed tjm Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms tjft gchekftegds g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms lfy fhsg cmaglm6

‘lgdmy“, wjmd et jmhi tjm `ghhgwedk.3

Agdkrmss, fs tjm hmkeshfturm g` f sgvmrmekd dftegd, cmedk mxprmsshy mlpgwmrmi cy tjm agdstetutegd ‚tg hfy fdi1

aghhmat tfxms, tg pfy tjm imcts fdi prgveim gr tjm agllgd im`mdsm fdi kmdmrfh wmh`frm g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms,― fdi9

‚tg cgrrgw lgdmy gd tjm armiet g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms,― fdi ‚tg aged lgdmy fdi rmkuhftm tjm vfhum tjmrmg` fdi g`=

`grmekd aged2― fdi cmedk ahmfrhy futjgrezmi, fs edaeimdtfh tg tjm mxmraesm g` tjgsm krmft pgwmrs, tg mlet cehhs g`0

armiet tg ajfrtmr dftegdfh cfdbs, fdi *9=? tg prgveim f dftegdfh aurrmday `gr tjm wjghm pmgphm, ed tjm `grl g`;

aged, trmfsury dgtms, fdi dftegdfh cfdb cehhs2 fdi tjm pgwmr tg lfbm tjm dgtms g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt f hmkfh tmdimr:

ed pfylmdt g` prevftm imcts cmedk gdm g` tjm pgwmrs cmhgdkedk tg sgvmrmekdty ed gtjmr aevehezmi dftegds, fdi dgt5

mxprmsshy wetjjmhi `rgl agdkrmss cy tjm agdstetutegd2 wm frm errmsestechy elpmhhmi tg tjm agdahusegd tjft tjm6?

elprmssedk upgd tjm trmfsury dgtms g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms tjm qufhety g` cmedk f hmkfh tmdimr ed pfylmdt g` prevftm66

imcts es fd fpprgpreftm lmfds, agdiuaevm fdi phfedhy fifptmi tg tjm mxmautegd g` tjm udiguctmi pgwmrs g`63

agdkrmss, agdsestmdt wetj tjm hmttmr fdi speret g` tjm agdstetutegd, fdi tjmrm`grm wetjed tjm lmfdedk g` tjft61

edstrulmdt, ‚dmamssfry fdi prgpmr `gr afrryedk edtg mxmautegd tjm pgwmrs vmstmi cy tjes agdstetutegd ed tjm69

kgvmrdlmdt g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms.― 6=

RHmkfh Ymdimr Afsms, 66? ].Q. 936, 995-9=? (6::9)\60

Yjm trguchm wetj gur prmsmdt imct-cfsmi aurrmday systml es tjft wjmd tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt essums gchekftegds suaj fs @mimrfh6;

Smsmrvm Dgtms, tjmsm dgtms cmaglm ‘lgdmy“ fdi tjm kgvmrdlmdt es dg hgdkmr gpmrftedk ed f ‘puchea“, cut rftjmr f ‘prevftm“ 6:

afpfaety. Yjes wfs agdèrlmi cy tjm ].Q. Quprmlm Agurt wjmd et sfei>65

"[jft, tjmd, es lmfdt cy tjm igatredm tjft agdtrfats frm lfim wetj rm`mrmdam tg tjm tfxedk pgwmr rmseimdt ed tjm3?

Qtftm, fdi ed sucgriedftegd tg et7 Es et lmfdt tjft wjmd f pmrsgd hmdis lgdmy tg f Qtftm, gr tg f ludeaepfh ievesegd36

g` tjm Qtftm jfvedk tjm pgwmr g` tfxftegd, tjmrm es ed tjm agdtrfat f tfaet rmsmrvftegd g` f rekjt ed tjm imctgr tg33rfesm agdtrecutegds gut g` tjm lgdmy prglesmi tg cm pfei cm`grm pfylmdt7 Yjft afddgt cm, cmafusm e` et aguhi,31

tjm agdtrfat (ed tjm hfdkufkm g` Fhmxfdimr Jflehtgd) wguhi 'edvghvm twg agdtrfieatgry tjedks> fd gchekftegd39

tg ig, fdi f rekjt dgt tg ig2 fd gchekftegd tg pfy f amrtfed sul, fdi f rekjt tg rmtfed et ed tjm sjfpm g` f tfx. Et3=

es fkfedst tjm ruhms, cgtj g` hfw fdi g` rmfsgd, tg filet cy elpheaftegd ed tjm agdstruategd g` f agdtrfat f30

predaephm wjeaj kgms ed imstruategd g` et.'Yjm trutj es, Qtftms fdi aetems,3;

wjmd tjmy cgrrgw lgdmy fdi agdtrfat tg rmpfy et3:

wetj edtmrmst, frm dgt fatedk fs sgvmrmekdtems . Yjmy aglm35

igwd tg tjm hmvmh g` griedfry edieveiufhs. Yjmer agdtrfats jfvm tjm sflm lmfdedk fs tjft g` selehfr agdtrfats1?

cmtwmmd prevftm pmrsgds. Jmdam, edstmfi g` tjmrm cmedk ed tjm udimrtfbedk g` f Qtftm gr aety tg pfy, f rmsmrvftegd16

g` f sgvmrmekd rekjt tg wetjjghi pfylmdt, tjm agdtrfat sjguhi cm rmkfrimi fs fd fssurfdam tjft suaj f rekjt13

wehh dgt cm mxmraesmi. F prglesm tg pfy, wetj f rmsmrvmi rekjt tg imdy gr ajfdkm11

tjm m``mat g` tjm prglesm, es fd fcsuriety ." 19

Es, tjmd, prgpmrty, wjeaj agdsests ed tjm prglesm g` f Qtftm, gr g` f ludeaepfhety g` f Qtftm, cmygdi tjm rmfaj g`1=

tfxftegd7 [m ig dgt f`èrl tjft et es. F Qtftm lfy udiguctmihy tfx fdy g` ets armietgrs wetjed ets nuresieategd `gr10

tjm imct ium tg jel, fdi rmkuhftm tjm flgudt g` tjm tfx cy tjm rftm g` edtmrmst tjm imct cmfrs, e` ets prglesm cm hm`t1;

udajfdkmi. F tfx tjus hfei elpfers dg gchekftegd fssulmi. Et hmfvms tjm agdtrfat udtguajmi. Cut udteh pfylmdt g`1:

tjm imct gr edtmrmst jfs cmmd lfim, fs stepuhftmi , wm tjedb dg fat g` Qtftm sgvmrmekdty afd wgrb fd mxgdmrftegd15

`rgl wjft jfs cmmd prglesmi tg tjm R990\ armietgr2 dflmhy, pfylmdt tg jel, wetjgut f veghftegd g` tjm9?

Agdstetutegd. 'Yjm trum ruhm g` mvmry afsm g` prgpmrty `gudimi gd agdtrfat wetj tjm kgvmrdlmdt es tjes> Et lust96

èrst cm rmiuami edtg pgssmssegd, fdi tjmd et wehh cmaglm sucnmat, ed agllgd wetj gtjmr selehfr prgpmrty, tg tjm93

rekjt g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt tg rfesm agdtrecutegds upgd et. Et lfy cm sfei tjft tjm kgvmrdlmdt lfy ùhèh tjes91

predaephm cy pfyedk tjm edtmrmst wetj gdm jfdi, fdi tfbedk cfab tjm flgudt g` tjm tfx wetj tjm gtjmr. Cut tg99

tjes tjm fdswmr es, tjft, tg aglphy truhy wetj tjm ruhm, tjm tfx lust cm upgd fhh tjm lgdmy g` tjm aglludety,9=

dgt upgd tjm pfrteauhfr pgrtegd g` et wjeaj es pfei tg tjm puchea armietgrs, fdi et gukjt cmseims tg cm sg rmkuhftmi90

fs dgt tg edahuim f hemd g` tjm tfx upgd tjm ùdi. Yjm armietgr sjguhi cm dg gtjmrwesm fatmi upgd tjfd fs mvmry9;

gtjmr pgssmssgr g` lgdmy2 fdi, agdsmqumdthy, tjm lgdmy jm rmamevms `rgl tjm puchea

afd tjmd gdhy9:

cm f èt sucnmat g` tfxftegd wjmd et es mdtermhy smpfrftmi' (`rgl tjm95

agdtrfat), 'fdi tjrgwd udiestedkuesjmi edtg tjm agllgd lfss.' 1=?

Jflehtgd, [grbs, =69 mt smq. Yjus gdhy afd agdtrfats wetj tjm Qtftm cm fhhgwmi tg jfvm tjm sflm lmfdedk fs=6

fhh gtjmr selehfr agdtrfats jfvm. =3

RLurrfy v. Aety g` Ajfrhmstgd, 50 ].Q. 913 (6:;;)\=1

Cy selphy predtedk lgrm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms, tjmd, tjm kgvmrdlmdt es m``matevmhy cgrrgwedk `rgl tjgsm pmgphm wjg jghi=9

lgdmy fhrmfiy ed aerauhftegd cy edarmfsedk tjm supphy g` lgdmy fdi iehutedk tjm agrrmspgdiedk vfhum g` mxestedk lgdmy. Ed==

gtjmr wgris, wjmd tjm ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt predts lgrm fdi lgrm lgdmy, fs et lust ig fs et bmmps cgrrgwedk lgrm fdi lgrm=0

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lgdmy `rgl tjm prevftmhy gwdmi @mimrfh Smsmrvm Cfdbs, et mssmdtefhhy es imcfsedk tjm aurrmday tjft es ed aerauhftegd cy6

ed`hftedk tjm lgdmy supphy. Yjm ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt stmfhs tjm wmfhtj g` tjm Flmreafd _mgphm cy armftedk ed`hftegd sg tjft ed3

rmfh tmrls, lgdmy ed aerauhftegd tgify, es wgrtj hmss (et cuys hmss) tjfd tjm sflm flgudt g` lgdmy ed aerauhftegd tmd ymfrs1

fkg.9

Ed tjft smdsm, tjmrm es ft hmfst fd elphemi agdtrfat tg rmpfy tjgsm et jfs cgrrgwmi vfhum fkfedst, wjeaj lmfds tjft ed rmhftegd=

tg fhh tjgsm jghiedk ‘afsj“ ft tjm telm tjft tjm supphy g` lgdmy wfs edarmfsmi cy essuedk lgrm, tjmd tjm kgvmrdlmdt es fatedk0

ed f prevftm fdi dgt puchea afpfaety fdi f lmrm prevftm armietgr wetj f èiuaefry iuty tg rmpfy tjm lgdmy. Jmrm frm sglm;

agurt gpedegds gd tjes sucnmat, ed `fat>:

‘F ahfel fkfedst tjm ]detmi Qtftms es f rekjt tg imlfdi lgdmy rgl tjm ]detmi Qtftms. 6 Quaj ahfels frm sglmtelms5

spgbmd g` fs krftuetgus ed tjft tjmy afddgt cm md`grami cy suet wetjgut stftutgry agdsmdt. 3 Yjm kmdmrfh ruhm g`6?

dgd-hefcehety g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms igms dgt lmfd tjft f aetezmd afddgt cm prgtmatmi fkfedst tjm wrgdkùh66

kgvmrdlmdtfh fats tjft f``mat tjm aetezmd gr jes gr jmr prgpmrty.1 E`, `gr mxflphm, lgdmy gr prgpmrty g` fd63

eddgamdt pmrsgd kgms edtg tjm `mimrfh trmfsury cy `rfui tg wjeaj f kgvmrdlmdt fkmdt wfs f pfrty, tjm ]detmi61

Qtftms afddgt Rhfwùhhy\ jghi tjm lgdmy gr prgpmrty fkfedst tjm ahfel g` tjm ednurmi pfrty.9“ 69

RFlmreafd Nurespruimdam 3i, ]detmi Qtftms, §9= (6555)\6=

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW60

‘[jmd tjm Kgvmrdlmdt jfs ehhmkfhhy rmamevmi lgdmy wjeaj es tjm prgpmrty g` fd eddgamdt aetezmd fdi wjmd tjes6;

lgdmy jfs kgdm edtg tjm Yrmfsury g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, tjmrm fresms fd elphemi agdtrfat gd tjm pfrt g` tjm6:

Kgvmrdlmdt tg lfbm rmstetutegd tg tjm rekjtùh gwdmr udimr tjm Yuabmr Fat fdi tjes agurt jfs nuresieategd tg65

mdtmrtfed tjm suet.3?5? At.Ah. ft 061, 16 @.Qupp. ft ;05.“ 36

RKgrigd v. ]. Q., 33; At.Ah. 13:, 095 @.3i. :1; (At.Ah., 65:6)\ 33


Afhe`grdef Aeveh Agim39

Qmategd 33393=

‘Gdm wjg kfeds f tjedk cy `rfui, faaeimdt, lestfbm, udium ed`humdam, tjm veghftegd g` f trust, gr gtjmr wrgdkùh30

fat, es, udhmss jm gr sjm jfs sglm gtjmr fdi cmttmr rekjt tjmrmtg, fd edvghudtfry trustmm g` tjm tjedk kfedmi, gr tjm3;

cmdmèt g` tjm pmrsgd wjg wguhi gtjmrwesm jfvm jfi et.“ 3:


‘Yjm ]detmi Qtftms, wm jfvm jmhi, afddgt, fs fkfedst tjm ahfel g` fd eddgamdt pfrty, jghi jes lgdmy wjeaj jfs1?

kgdm edtg ets trmfsury cy lmfds g` tjm `rfui g` ets fkmdt. [jehm jmrm tjm lgdmy wfs tfbmd tjrgukj lestfbm16

wetjgut mhmlmdt g` `rfui, tjm udnust rmtmdtegd es ellgrfh fdi flgudts ed hfw tg f `rfui g` tjm tfxpfymr's rekjts.13

[jft wfs sfei ed tjm Qtftm Cfdb Afsm fpphems wetj mqufh `gram tg tjes setuftegd. ‚Fd fategd wehh hem wjmdmvmr11

tjm im`mdifdt jfs rmamevmi lgdmy wjeaj es tjm prgpmrty g` tjm phfedte `, fdi wjeaj tjm im`mdifdt es gchekftmi19

cy dfturfh nusteam fdi mquety tg rmùdi. Yjm `grl g` tjm edimctmidmss gr tjm lgim ed wjeaj et wfs edaurrmi es1=

ellftmrefh.‘ 10

R Cuhh v. ]detmi Qtftms, 35= ].Q. 39;, 306, == Q.At. 05=, ;??, ;5 H.Mi. 6936\ 1;

Yjm Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms jghiedk mfrhemr gaaurrmi ft f telm wjmd prglessgry dgtms essumi cy tjm kgvmrdlmdt tjft wmrm tjm1:

sucnmat g` tjm afsm wmrm stehh rmimmlfchm ed kghi gr sehvmr. Smimmlfcehety mdimi g`èaefhhy cy Mxmautevm èft ed 65;6 tjrgukj15

_rmseimdt Dexgd―s _rmseimdtefh _rgahflftegd 9?;9. Qedam tjm mdfatlmdt g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat ed 6561, tjm ].Q. Quprmlm9?

Agurt jfs vmry imhecmrftmhy fdi systmlfteafhhy dmvmr sedam ruhmi gd gr jmfri fdy afsms tjft wguhi fiirmss fdy g` tjm ghhgwedk96

elpgrtfdt qumstegds. [m fhhmkm tjft e` tjm Quprmlm Agurt jfi faamptmi tjmer Agdstetutegdfh iuty tg fiirmss tjm `ghhgwedk93

6 ]detmi Qtftms mx rmh. Fdkfreaf v. Cfyfri, 63; ].Q. 3=6, 13 H.Mi. 6=5, : Q.At. 66=0, 9 [email protected]. 903: (jghiedk tjft f ahfel fkfedst tjm Qmarmtfry g` Qtftm`gr lgdmy fwfrimi udimr f trmfty es f ahfel fkfedst tjm ]detmi Qtftms)2 Jgccs v. LaHmfd, 66; ].Q. =0;, 35 H.Mi. 59?, 0 Q.At. :;?2 Lfddedk v. Hmekjtgd,

0= Pt. :9, 30 F. 3=:, lgtegd iesli 00 Pt. =0, 3: F. 01? fdi (iesfpprgvmi gd gtjmr krgudis cy Cuttgd's Mstftm v. Fdimrsgd, 663 Pt =16, 3: F3i 9?9, 691FHS 65=).

3 Chfkkm v. Cfhaj, 603 ].Q. 915, 9? H.Mi. 6?13, 60 Q.At. :=1.

1 [ehsgd v. Qjfw, 3?9 ].Q. 39, =6 H.Mi. 1=6, 3; Q.At. 311.

9 Cuhh v. ]detmi Qtftms, 35= ]Q 39;, ;5 H Mi 6936, == Q At 05=, 1=-6 ]QYA ° 5190, 6= F@YS 6?052 ]detmi Qtftms v. Qtftm Cfdb, 50 ]Q 1?, 50 Gttg 1?,39 H Mi 09;.

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qumstegds sedam tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat wfs mdfatmi ed 6561, tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm wguhi jfvm cmmd imahfrmi udagdstetutegdfh6

hgdk fkg>3

6. Ed wjft wfy igms fd mdi tg rmimmlfcehety g` gchekftegds g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms ed kghi fdi sehvmr ajfdkm tjm jghiedk ed tjm1

Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms, 66? ].Q. 936, 995-9=? (6::9)7 Smimmlfcehety mdimi cy Mxmautevm @eft wetj _rmseimdtefh9

_rgahflftegd 9?;9 ed 65;6. F agdtrevmi fdi agdteduedk stftm g` dftegdfh mlmrkmday es tjm gdhy nusteèaftegd `gr tjm=

_rmseimdtefh _rgahflftegd fdi tjm stgppfkm g` rmimmlfcehety.0

3. Jgw afd f stftm g` agdtrevmi dftegdfh mlmrkmday hfwùhhy cm lfedtfedmi fs f nusteèaftegd tg suspmdi rmimmlfcehety7 Yjm;

].Q. Quprmlm Agurt jfs ruhmi prmvegushy tjft DG DFYEGDFH MLMSKMDAU nusteèms f suspmdsegd g` tjm Agdstetutegd.:

Mlmrkmday igms dgt armftm pgwmr. Mlmrkmday igms dgt edarmfsm krfdtmi pgwmr gr rmlgvm gr ieledesj tjm5

rmstreategds elpgsmi upgd pgwmr krfdtmi gr rmsmrvmi. Yjm Agdstetutegd wfs figptmi ed f pmregi g` krfvm6?

mlmrkmday. Ets krfdts g` pgwmr tg tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt fdi ets heletftegds g` tjm pgwmr g` tjm Qtftms wmrm66

imtmrledmi ed tjm hekjt g` mlmrkmday, fdi tjmy frm dgt fhtmrmi cy mlmrkmday. [jft pgwmr wfs tjus krfdtmi fdi63

wjft heletftegds wmrm tjus elpgsmi frm qumstegds R35? ].Q. 15:, 930\ wjeaj jfvm fhwfys cmmd, fdi fhwfys wehh61

cm, tjm sucnmat g` ahgsm mxfledftegd udimr gur agdstetutegdfh systml.69

[jehm mlmrkmday igms dgt armftm pgwmr, mlmrkmday lfy urdesj tjm gaafsegd gr tjm mxmraesm g` pgwmr. 'Fhtjgukj6=

fd mlmrkmday lfy dgt afhh edtg he`m f pgwmr wjeaj jfs dmvmr hevmi, dmvmrtjmhmss mlmrkmday lfy f``gri f rmfsgd60

`gr tjm mxmrtegd g` f hevedk pgwmr fhrmfiy mdngymi.' [ehsgd v. Dmw, 391 ].Q. 113, 19: , 1; Q.At. 35:, 1?3, H.S.F.6;

656;M, 51:, Fdd.Afs. 656:F, 6?39.6:

RJglm Chik. & Hgfd Fss―d v. Chfesimhh, 35? ].Q. 15: (6519)\65

1. Afd Agdkrmss hfwùhhy sucstetutm ets pgwmr tg ledt lgdmy udimr Agdstetutegd Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm = wetj ets3?

pgwmr tg cgrrgw lgdmy ed Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 37 [m fhhmkm tjft tjmy afd―t, dgr afd tjmy hfwùhhy mdi gr imhmkftm36

fd mdi tg rmimmlfcehety udimr 63 ].Q.A. §5=c wetjgut mdkfkedk ed fcusm g` tjmer futjgrety gvmr lgdmy tg m``mat YJM@Y33

gd f krfdi safhm.31

9. Afd Agdkrmss hfwùhhy imhmkftm ets mxahusevm futjgrety tg ledt lgdmy udimr Agdstetutegd Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm =39

tg f prevftm, `gr prgèt agdsgrteul g` cfdbs fs et iei wetj tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat ed 65617 E` tjmy afd―t, wjy esd―t tjm3=

@mimrfh Smsmrvm imahfrmi cy tjm ].Q. Quprmlm Agurt tg cm udagdstetutegdfh730

=. Cmafusm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms frm gchekftegds/imct g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, es tjm kgvmrdlmdt gpmrftedk ed f prevftm rftjmr3;

tjfd puchea afpfaety tgwfris fhh tjgsm wjg frm fivmrsmhy f``matmi wjmd tjmsm dgtms wmrm predtmi wetjgut fdy cfabedk73:

Es tjmrm fd elphemi wfevmr g` sgvmrmekd elludety cy tjm kgvmrdlmdt tgwfris fhh tjgsm wjg frm fivmrsmhy f``matmi735

‘F ahfel fkfedst tjm ]detmi Qtftms es f rekjt tg imlfdi lgdmy rgl tjm ]detmi Qtftms. = Quaj ahfels frm sglmtelms1?

spgbmd g` fs krftuetgus ed tjft tjmy afddgt cm md`grami cy suet wetjgut stftutgry agdsmdt. 0 Yjm kmdmrfh ruhm g`16

dgd-hefcehety g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms igms dgt lmfd tjft f aetezmd afddgt cm prgtmatmi fkfedst tjm wrgdkùh13

kgvmrdlmdtfh fats tjft f``mat tjm aetezmd gr jes gr jmr prgpmrty.; E`, `gr mxflphm, lgdmy gr prgpmrty g` fd11

eddgamdt pmrsgd kgms edtg tjm `mimrfh trmfsury cy `rfui tg wjeaj f kgvmrdlmdt fkmdt wfs f pfrty, tjm ]detmi19

Qtftms afddgt Rhfwùhhy\ jghi tjm lgdmy gr prgpmrty fkfedst tjm ahfel g` tjm ednurmi pfrty.: “ 1=

RFlmreafd Nurespruimdam 3i, ]detmi Qtftms, §9= (6555)\10

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW1;

‘[jmd tjm Kgvmrdlmdt jfs ehhmkfhhy rmamevmi lgdmy wjeaj es tjm prgpmrty g` fd eddgamdt aetezmd fdi wjmd tjes1:

lgdmy jfs kgdm edtg tjm Yrmfsury g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, tjmrm fresms fd elphemi agdtrfat gd tjm pfrt g` tjm15

Kgvmrdlmdt tg lfbm rmstetutegd tg tjm rekjtùh gwdmr udimr tjm Yuabmr Fat fdi tjes agurt jfs nuresieategd tg9?

mdtmrtfed tjm suet.96

5? At.Ah. ft 061, 16 @.Qupp. ft ;05.“ 93

RKgrigd v. ]. Q., 33; At.Ah. 13:, 095 @.3i. :1; (At.Ah., 65:6)\ 91

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW99

Afhe`grdef Aeveh Agim9=

Qmategd 333990

= ]detmi Qtftms mx rmh. Fdkfreaf v. Cfyfri, 63; ].Q. 3=6, 13 H.Mi. 6=5, : Q.At. 66=0, 9 [email protected]. 903: (jghiedk tjft f ahfel fkfedst tjm Qmarmtfry g` Qtftm`gr lgdmy fwfrimi udimr f trmfty es f ahfel fkfedst tjm ]detmi Qtftms)2 Jgccs v. LaHmfd, 66; ].Q. =0;, 35 H.Mi. 59?, 0 Q.At. :;?2 Lfddedk v. Hmekjtgd,

0= Pt. :9, 30 F. 3=:, lgtegd iesli 00 Pt. =0, 3: F. 01? fdi (iesfpprgvmi gd gtjmr krgudis cy Cuttgd―s Mstftm v. Fdimrsgd, 663 Pt. =16, 3: F.3i. 9?9,691 F.H.S. 65=).

0 Chfkkm v. Cfhaj, 603 ].Q. 915, 9? H.Mi. 6?13, 60 Q.At. :=1.

; [ehsgd v. Qjfw, 3?9 ].Q. 39, =6 H.Mi. 1=6, 3; Q.At. 311.

: Cuhh v. ]detmi Qtftms, 35= ].Q. 39;, ;5 H.Mi. 6936, == Q.At. 05=, 1=-6 ].Q.Y.A. ° 5190, 6= F@YS 6?052 ]detmi Qtftms v. Qtftm Cfdb, 50 ].Q. 1?, 50 Gttg1?, 39 H.Mi. 09;.

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‘Gdm wjg kfeds f tjedk cy `rfui, faaeimdt, lestfbm, udium ed`humdam, tjm veghftegd g` f trust, gr gtjmr wrgdkùh6

fat, es, udhmss jm gr sjm jfs sglm gtjmr fdi cmttmr rekjt tjmrmtg, fd edvghudtfry trustmm g` tjm tjedk kfedmi, gr tjm3

cmdmèt g` tjm pmrsgd wjg wguhi gtjmrwesm jfvm jfi et.“ 1

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW9

‘Yjm ]detmi Qtftms, wm jfvm jmhi, afddgt, fs fkfedst tjm ahfel g` fd eddgamdt pfrty, jghi jes lgdmy wjeaj jfs=

kgdm edtg ets trmfsury cy lmfds g` tjm `rfui g` ets fkmdt. [jehm jmrm tjm lgdmy wfs tfbmd tjrgukj lestfbm0

wetjgut mhmlmdt g` `rfui, tjm udnust rmtmdtegd es ellgrfh fdi flgudts ed hfw tg f `rfui g` tjm tfxpfymr's rekjts.;

[jft wfs sfei ed tjm Qtftm Cfdb Afsm fpphems wetj mqufh `gram tg tjes setuftegd. ‚Fd fategd wehh hem wjmdmvmr:

tjm im`mdifdt jfs rmamevmi lgdmy wjeaj es tjm prgpmrty g` tjm phfedte `, fdi wjeaj tjm im`mdifdt es gchekftmi5

cy dfturfh nusteam fdi mquety tg rmùdi. Yjm `grl g` tjm edimctmidmss gr tjm lgim ed wjeaj et wfs edaurrmi es6?

ellftmrefh.‘ 66

R Cuhh v. ]detmi Qtftms, 35= ].Q. 39;, 306, == Q.At. 05=, ;??, ;5 H.Mi. 6936\ 63

0. [jeaj g` tjm `ghhgwedk imsarecms dmwhy essumi gchekftegds g` tjm ].Q. suaj fs @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms tjft frm dgt61

rmimmlfchm ed fdytjedk g` sucstfdam769

0.6. F ‘tfx“7 6=

0.3. Yjm`t760

Fs lgrm dgtms frm prgiuami, tjm rmfh, ed`hftegd-finustmi vfhum g` mxestedk dgtms es imarmfsmi, tjmrmcy `faehetftedk metjmr6;

YFZFYEGD gr YJM@Y `rgl tjgsm wjg fhrmfiy jghi @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms. Yjm gdhy gdm wjg cmdmèts cy predtedk6:

lgrm lgdmy fdi afusedk ed`hftegd, es tjm ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt cmafusm tjmer èxmi imct gchekftegds frm rmpfei wetj @mimrfh65

rmsmrvm Dgtms wjgsm purajfsedk pgwmr es hmss tjfd wjmd tjm aurrmday-imct gchekftegds wmrm essumi.3?

F dulcmr g` igaulmdtfrems fdi cggbs jfvm cmmd wrettmd fcgut tjm safdifh armftmi cy tjm wehhùh fdi trmfsgdgus rmùsfh g`36

`mimrfh agurts tg fiirmss tjm fcgvm qumstegds fdi fhh tjm mveh agdsmqumdams tjft rmsuht. Cmhgw es f sflphedk g` f `mw tjft wm33

jfvm `gudi sg `fr>31

6. Imct Perus, Nfaqums Nfebfrfd, 6553, Hecrfry g` Agdkrmss #56-;??1?. Mxamhhmdt. Yjes cggb afusmi suaj f ster tjft tjm39

kgvmrdlmdt wmdt f`tmr tjm futjgr fdi dgw jm es ed nfeh gd trulpmi up ajfrkms.3=

jttp>//www.flfzgd.agl/mxma/gceigs/FQED/?59991=1=6/qei<6?3=99001;/sr<:-6/rm`<srW:W6/6?1-01;;90?-09??03: 30

3. [mc g` Imct , Mhhmd Jgiksgd Crgwd.3;

jttp>//www.wmcgìmct.agl/ 3:

1. Lgdmy Lfstmrs Peimg Igaulmdtfry, @grl #66.=66, Cehh Qtehhs. Peimg igaulmdtfry gd tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm fdi35

agrruptegd g` gur lgdmy systml.1?

jttp>//www.tjmlgdmylfstmrs.agl/ 16

9. Yjm Armfturm `rgl Nmbyhh Eshfdi , @grl #66.=?:, Mi Kre`èd. Igaulmdtfry fcgut tjm jestgry g` tjm grlftegd g` tjm13

@mimrfh Smsmrvm.11

jttp>//rmfhetyzgdm.stgrms.yfjgg.dmt/ 19

=. Qmarmts g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm, @grl #66.=6?, Mustfam Luhheds, 6556. @rmm cggb fcgut tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm.1=

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/_uchesjmiFutjgrs/Ediev/LuhhedsMusteam/QmarmtsG`@miSmsmrvm/YGA.jtl 10

Yjm purpgsm g` jfvedk f sucstfdam cfabmi aurrmday rmimmlfchm ed spmaem (sucstfdam) es tg rmkuhftm fdi helet tjm qufdtety g`1;

kgvmrdlmdt imct tg mdsurm f stfchm, ahgsmi systml g` spmdiedk fdi tfxedk. Jmrm es tjm wfy gdm lgdmtfry mxpmrt imsarecms et>1:

‘…Kghi jfs tjm sflm rghm tg phfy ed tjm lgdmtfry systml fs tjm `hy-wjmmh rmkuhftgr igms ed fd mdkedm, tjm crfbm15

igms ed f trfed, fdi aerauet-crmfbmrs ig ed fd mhmatreafh dmtwgrb. Kghi es tjm rmkuhftgr g` tjm qufdtety g` imct ed9?

tjm magdgly tjft afd cm sf`mhy armftmi fdi afrremi. Et es fhsg sf`mkufriedk qufhety cy rmnmatedk tgxea imct cm`grm96

et afd stfrt lmtfstfses. Imct-cfsmi aurrmday uttmrhy hfabs sf`mkufris heletedk qufdtety fdi vguajedk `gr qufhety93

g` imct. Imct-cfsmi aurrmday es fd edvetftegd tg iesfstmr, tjft g` tjm tgpphedk g` tjm Ygwmr g` Cfcmh. Ets m``mats frm91

`fr `rgl cmedk edstfdtfdmgus. Yjmrm es f tjrmsjghi fdi tjmrm es f areteafh lfss edvghvmi. [m jfvm hgdk sedam99

argssmi tjft tjrmsjghi fdi pfssmi tjft areteafh lfss. Cy dg rftegdfh afhauhus afd tjm gutstfdiedk imct cm mxpmatmi9=

tg cm rmpfei wetjgut ed`hftegdfry gr im`hftegdfry fivmdturms, mvmd e` ùrtjmr edarmfsm wmrm stgppmi imfi ed ets90

trfab. Yjm iesaussegd g` tjm prmsmdt edfdaefh areses cy fafimlef fdi lmief fvgeis fhh rm`mrmdam tg tjes fat. ]dimr9;

tjm kghi stfdifri f fst-crmmimr g` imct wfs udtjedbfchm, fdi imct wfs rmtermi ed fd grimrhy lfddmr.“ 9:

R‘Yjm Kghi Qtfdifri Qtrebms Cfab……[etj F 10-Umfr Hfk“, _rg`mssgr Fdtfh @mbmtm mssfy\95

Yjm rmimmlfcehety g` lgdmy ed sucstfdam wfs g`èaefhhy mdimi ed 65;6. ]sedk _rg`mssgr @mbmtm―s lmtfpjgrs, wetj tjm=?

rmkuhftgr g` imct dgw iesfchmi, tjm crfbms iesafrimi, fdi tjm aerauet crmfbmrs rmlgvmi, et es dgw udimrstfdifchm, fs tjm hfst=6

fdi edfh fat g` gur edfdaefh irflf phfys gut, wjy wm dgw edi gursmhvms curemi cmdmftj udcmfrfchm fdi udpfyfchm qufdtetems=3

g` tgxea imct.=1

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Smlgvedk kghi `rgl tjm edtmrdftegdfh lgdmtfry systml ed 65;6 fhhgwmi tjm ].Q. tg tjmd cmked essuedk ].Q. ighhfrs ed6

edarmfsedkhy mxamssevm flgudts fs tjm ].Q. wfs dg hgdkmr agdstrfedmi cy kghi tg lfedtfed fdy smlchfdam g` èsafh rmstrfedt3

gr iesaephedm.1

[jehm agdsmqumdams lfy cm imhfymi tjmy afddgt cm fvgeimi. Et―s cmmd 1: ymfrs sedam tjm ].Q. rmlgvmi kghi fdi sehvmr `rgl9

tjm edtmrdftegdfh lgdmtfry systml. Fs f agdsmqumdam, tjm imct-cfsmi systml dgw elphmlmdtmi wgrhi-weim es cmkeddedk tg=

aghhfpsm. Qglmify, et wehh aghhfpsm aglphmtmhy.0

Yjm aurrmdt magdglea areses es dgw lgvedk queabhy tgwfris rmsghutegd. Jgw fdi wjmd et wehh mdi es fs udamrtfed fs tjft et;

wehh. Qystmlea imftj es dmvmr mfsy fdi tjm cfdbmr―s pfpmr lgdmy, hebm tjm `ftfh verus et es, es dgw mvmrywjmrm. Ets mdi wehh:

dgt cm mfsy.5

Qmvmrm ahelftm ajfdkm, `ggi sjgrtfkms, fdi tjm pgssecehety g` f pfdimlea frm tfbedk tjmer phfam cmseim tjm mvmr-prmsmdt6?

pgssecehety g` lehetfry agd`heat. Yjm aghhfpsm g` tjm èdfdaefh systml wehh dgt cm tjm gdhy areses tjft agd`rgdts julfdety ed tjm66

dmfr ùturm. Igd―t cm hm`t jghiedk wgrtjhmss pfpmr wjmd tjm lusea stgps ft tjm afbm wfhb! Igd―t cm hebm tjm smvmd `gghesj63

verkeds spgbmd g` ed Lftt. 3=>6-61 (g` tjm Cechm) wjg jfi dg geh `gr tjmer hflp wjmd tjm creimkrggl afhhmi. Yjm geh spgbmd61

g` ed tjft pfrfchm es KGHI.69

3.9 [jy [m Igd―t Jfvm Hfwùh ‘Lgdmy“ 6=

Yjm pgwmr tg aged lgdmy imsarecmi mfrhemr ed smategd 3.3 es dgt tjm greked g` tjm futjgrety `gr predtedk @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms.60

Yjgsm dgtms frm predtmi udimr tjm futjgrety g` Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 3 g` tjm ].Q. Agdstetutegd>6;

].Q. Agdstetutegd6:


Yjm Agdkrmss sjfhh jfvm _gwmr . .3?


Ed smategd gdm g` J.N.S. 653 tjmrm es f sedkhm vmry elpgrtfdt smdtmdam, wjeaj stftms>33

‘ Fdy suaj prgvesegd agdtfedmi ed fdy hfw futjgrezedk gchekftegds tg cm essumi cy gr udimr tjm futjgrety g` tjm31

]detmi Qtftms, es jmrmcy rmpmfhmi, ---‘ 39

Yjes es elpgrtfdt cmafusm udimr Qmategd 60 g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat, tjm ‘@mimrfh rmsmrvm dgtms“ essumi udimr tjft smategd3=

wmrm mxprmsshy sfei tg cm gchekftegds g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms. Yjmd, ed Nudm g` 6511 tjm futjgrety tg essum tjgsm Qmategd 6030

@mimrfh rmsmrvm dgtms wfs rmpmfhmi. Smsuht7 FHH @mimrfh rmsmrvm gr Smsmrvm dgtms frm wetjgut futjgrety g` hfw! Yjus, wm3;

jfvm f aghgrfchm aurrmday tg kg wetj aghgrfchm hfw, cut tjm wjghm systml es cfsmi gd @SF]I fdi udhfwùh.3:

Yjm ‘lgdmy“ ygu tjedb ygu afrry frgudi ed ygur pgabmt esd―t lgdmy ft fhh, cut f imct edstrulmdt gr gchekftegd cgrrgwmi rgl35

f _SEPFYM cfdbedk agdsgrteul imamptevmhy afhhmi tjm ‘@mimrfh Smsmrvm“ pursufdt tg Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 3 g` tjm1?

]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd. Ugu wehh dgtm tjft tjm tgp g` mfaj cehh sfys ‘@mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtm“. Yjm ‘@mimrfh Smsmrvm“, ed16

`fat, es fcgut fs ‘`mimrfh“ fs ‘@mimrfh Mxprmss“. Jmrm es jgw Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd imèdms ‘lgdmy“ gd pfkm13

6??=>11

Lgdmy> Ed usufh fdi griedfry faamptftegd et lmfds ageds fdi pfpmr aurrmday usmi fs aerauhftedk lmieul g`19

mxajfdkm, fdi igms dgt mlcrfam dgtms , cgdis, mveimdams g` imct, gr gtjmr pmrsgdfh gr rmfh1=

mstftm. Hfdm v. Sfehmy, 3:? By. 165, 611 Q.[.3i. ;9, ;5, :6.10

RChfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. 6??=\1;

Jmrm es wjft mdfatmi hfw sfys fcgut tjes sucnmat ed 63 ].Q.A. §966> 1:

YEYHM 63 4 AJF_YMS 1 4 Q]CAJF_YMS ZEE 4 Qma. 966.15

Qma. 966. - Essufdam tg rmsmrvm cfdbs2 dfturm g` gchekftegd2 rmimlptegd9?

@mimrfh rmsmrvm dgtms, tg cm essumi ft tjm iesarmtegd g` tjm Cgfri g` Kgvmrdgrs g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Qystml gr96

tjm purpgsm g` lfbedk fivfdams tg @mimrfh rmsmrvm cfdbs tjrgukj tjm @mimrfh rmsmrvm fkmdts fs jmrmedf`tmr smt93

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`grtj fdi `gr dg gtjmr purpgsm, frm futjgrezmi. Yjm sfei dgtms sjfhh cm gchekftegds6

g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms fdi sjfhh cm rmamevfchm cy fhh dftegdfh fdi lmlcmr cfdbs fdi @mimrfh rmsmrvm3

cfdbs fdi `gr fhh tfxms, austgls, fdi gtjmr puchea iums. Yjmy sjfhh cm rmimmlmi ed1

hfwùh lgdmy gd imlfdi ft tjm Yrmfsury Impfrtlmdt g` tjm9

]detmi Qtftms, ed tjm aety g` [fsjedktgd, Iestreat g` Aghulcef,=

gr ft fdy @mimrfh Smsmrvm cfdb 0

Ugu afd smfraj tjm mdterm ].Q. Agim fs wm jfvm fdi DG[JMSM wehh ygu èdi fdy phfam wjmrm ‘@mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms“ frm;

imèdmi gr eimdteèmi fs ‘ighhfrs“ fs usmi ed tjm Agdstetutegd. Yjmrm`grm, ygu afddgt hfwùhhy agdahuim tjft tjmy frm:

mquevfhmdt. F Agdkrmsslfd wrgtm tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Cgfri fdi tjmy wrgtm cfab tg filet tjft tjmrm es DG IM@EDEYEGD5

`gr wjft f ‘ighhfr“ es! Qmm tjm flfzedk trutj `gr ygursmh` ft tjm hedb cmhgw>6?

Gkehvem Hmttmr , Mxjecet #?0.??6 jttp>//smil.grk/Mxjecets/MxjecetEdimx.jtl

"@mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms" frm ed lfdy rmspmats selehfr tg tjm "]detmi Qtftms Dgtms" 2 tjmy frm cgtj pfpmr2 tjmy frm cgtj "Dgtms" ,66

fdi tjmy cgtj aerauhftm gd tjm armiet g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms. ...63

"]detmi Qtftms dgtms frm mdkfkmlmdts tg pfy ighhfrs fdi tjm ighhfrs edtmdimi wmrm tjm agedmi ighhfrs g` tjm61

]detmi Qtftms."69

RCfdb g` Dmw Ugrb v. D.U. Agudty, ; [fhh. (].Q.) 30\6=

"Yjmer dflm elpgrts gchekftegd, mvmrygdm g` tjml mxprmssms upgd ets `fam fd mdkfkmlmdt g` tjm dftegd tg pfy tg60

tjm cmfrmr f amrtfed sul, tjm ighhfr dgtm es fd mdkfkmlmdt tg pfy f ighhfr, fdi tjm ighhfr edtmdimi es tjm agedmi6;

ighhfr g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, f amrtfed qufdtety ed wmekjt fdi èdmdmss g` kghi gr sehvmr ... dg gtjmr ighhfrs jfi6:

cm`grm cmmd rmagkdezmi cy tjm hmkeshfturm g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt fs hfwùh lgdmy."65

RCfdb g` Dmw Ugrb, suprf., ft 1?\3?

Yjm Quprmlm agurt jmhi tjft tjm essum g` "]detmi Qtftms Dgtms," wfs dgt fd fttmlpt cy Agdkrmss tg lfbm ‘ighhfrs“, cut fd36

fttmlpt tg cgrrgw ‘ighhfrs“ fdi tg rmpfy tjft imct.33

Cut wfet f ledutm! Yjm hfw sfys tjft gchekftegds g` tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt frm dgt tfxfchm ed 16 ].Q.A. §1639! 31

YEYHM 16 4 Q]CYEYHM EEE 4 AJF_YMS 16 4 Q]CAJF_YMS EE 4 Qma. 1639.39Qma. 1639. - Mxmlptegd rgl tfxftegd3=

(f) Qtgabs fdi gchekftegds g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Kgvmrdlmdt frm mxmlpt `rgl tfxftegd cy f Qtftm gr pgheteafh30

sucievesegd g` f Qtftm. Yjm mxmlptegd fpphems tg mfaj `grl g` tfxftegd tjft wguhi rmquerm tjm gchekftegd, tjm3;

edtmrmst gd tjm gchekftegd, gr cgtj, tg cm agdseimrmi ed aglputedk f tfx, mxampt -3:

(6) f dgdiesareledftgry `rfdajesm tfx gr fdgtjmr dgdprgpmrty tfx edstmfi g` f `rfdajesm tfx, elpgsmi gd f35

agrpgrftegd2 fdi1?

(3) fd mstftm gr edjmretfdam tfx.16

(c) Yjm tfx stftus g` edtmrmst gd gchekftegds fdi ieveimdis, mfrdedks, gr gtjmr edaglm rgl mveimdams g` gwdmrsjep13

essumi cy tjm Kgvmrdlmdt gr fd fkmday fdi tjm tfx trmftlmdt g` kfed fdi hgss `rgl tjm iespgsetegd g` tjgsm11

gchekftegds fdi mveimdams g` gwdmrsjep es imaeimi udimr tjm Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Agim g` 65:0 (30 ].Q.A . 6 mt smq.).19

Fd gchekftegd tjft tjm @mimrfh Jgusedk Filedestrftegd jfi fkrmmi, udimr f agdtrfat lfim cm`grm Lfraj 6, 6596,1=

tg essum ft f ùturm iftm, jfs tjm tfx mxmlptegd prevehmkms prgveimi cy tjm futjgrezedk hfw ft tjm telm g` tjm10

agdtrfat. Yjes sucsmategd igms dgt fpphy tg gchekftegds fdi mveimdams g` gwdmrsjep essumi cy tjm Iestreat g`1;

Aghulcef, f tmrretgry gr pgssmssegd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, gr f impfrtlmdt, fkmday, edstrulmdtfhety, gr pgheteafh1:

sucievesegd g` tjm Iestreat, tmrretgry, gr pgssmssegd15

Yjmrm`grm, ygur @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms (@SD―s) frm dgt tfxfchm cy `mimrfh Qtftm kgvmrdlmdts, cmafusm tjmy frmd―t rmfhhy9?

hfwùh lgdmy, cut imct gchekftegds, gr tjm mquevfhmdt g` agrpgrftm kgvmrdlmdt cgdis! @gr lgrm edtmrmstedk rmfiedk, wm rm`mr96

ygu tg tjm Hmkfh Ymdimr Afsms, Nuehhefri v. Krmmdlfd, 66? ].Q. 936 (6::9).93

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http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/31/stIII.html


http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/31/stIIIch31.html



http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/31/stIIIch31schII.html








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‘]dimr tjm pgwmr tg cgrrgw lgdmy gd tjm armiet g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, fdi tg essum aerauhftedk dgtms gr tjm lgdmy6

cgrrgwmi, RAgdkrmss'\ pgwmr tg imèdm tjm qufhety fdi `gram g` tjgsm dgtms fs aurrmday es fs crgfi fs tjm hebm3

pgwmr gvmr f lmtfhhea aurrmday udimr tjm pgwmr tg aged lgdmy fdi tg rmkuhftm tjm vfhum tjmrmg`. ]dimr tjm twg1

pgwmrs, tfbmd tgkmtjmr, Agdkrmss es futjgrezmi tg mstfchesj f dftegdfh aurrmday, metjmr ed aged gr ed pfpmr, fdi9

tg lfbm tjft aurrmday hfwùh lgdmy `gr fhh purpgsms, fs rmkfris tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt gr prevftm edieveiufhs.=

. . . (Mlpjfses fiimi)“ 0

Jmrm es wjft gdm mimrfh agurt sfei wjmd gdm Flmreafd ahfelmi jes @SD―s wmrm dgt hfwùh lgdmy fdi tjft tjmy wmrm mxmlpt;

`rgl tfxftegd cy f stftm. Et―s fhh C.Q., g` agursm>:

‘Agdkrmss jfs imhmkftmi tjm pgwmr tg mstfchesj tjes dftegdfh aurrmday wjeaj es hfwùh lgdmy tg tjm @mimrfh5

Smsmrvm Qystml. 63 ].Q.A. §966. Agdkrmss jfs lfim tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm dgtm tjm lmfsurm g` vfhum ed gur6?

lgdmtfry systml, 63 ].Q.A. § 963 (650:) ,*`d6 fdi jfs imèdmi @mimrfh Smsmrvm dgtms fs hmkfh tmdimr `gr tfxms, 1666

].Q.A. §153 (650=). Yfxpfymrs' fttmlpt tg imvfhum tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm dgtms tjmy rmamevmi fs edaglm es,63

tjmrm`grm, dgt hfwùh udimr tjm hfws g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms.“ 61

R Lftjms v. Agllessegdmr g` Edtmrdfh Smvmdum, =;0 @.3i. ;? (65;: )\69

Gcvegushy, Lr. Lftjms ieid―t mxphfed jes afsm prgpmrhy. E` jm jfi stuab tg tjm stftutgry imèdetegd g` f ‘ighhfr“ fdi imlfdimi6=

tjft f stftutm cm prgiuami imsarecedk [JEAJ g` tjm twg ‘ighhfrs“ tjmy frm tfhbedk fcgut, tjm agurt wguhi jfvm cmmd pgwmrhmss,60

cmafusm ‘tjmrm fed―t dg `rekked stftutm“, fs agdèrlmi cy agrrmspgdimdam `rgl tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Cgfri etsmh`! Nuikms afd―t 6;

lfbm up imèdetegds tjft igd―t mxest ed grimr tg md`gram hfws fkfedst pmrsgds gr tjedks dgt spmae emi ed hfw. Yjmer prfateaedk6:

rmhekegd fdi mstfchesjedk f rmhekegd ed veghftegd g` tjm @erst Flmdilmdt tg ig sg. [jft tjmy frm igedk es rmhekegd cmafusm65

tjmy frm mspgusedk f cmhem` tjft lfbms tjml supmregr, fdi tjft cmhem` afddgt gr es dgt sucstfdteftmi cy fdy filessechm mveimdam.3?

@urtjmrlgrm, Lr. Lftjms prgcfchy ieid―t usm tjm `ghhgwedk fs fd mxausm `gr wjy jes mfrdedks frm dgt sucnmat tg wetjjghiedk36fdi frm dgt ‘wfkms“ fs hmkfhhy imèdmi. Yjm `ghhgwedk prgvesegd rmquerms tjft mfrdedks g` fd ‘mlphgymm“ fs hmkfhhy imèdmi33

frm dgt ‘wfkms“ e` tjm mlphgymm es dgt mdkfkmi ed f ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ fdi tjm ‘mlphgymm―s“ rmludmrftegd wfs pfei ed fdy31

lmieul GYJMS tjfd ‘afsj“> 39

]detmi Qtftms Agim3=

YEYHM 30 - EDYMSDFH SMPMD]M AGIM30

Q]CYEYHM A - ML_HGULMDY YFZMQ3;

AJF_YMS 39 - AGHHMAYEGD G@ EDAGLM YFZ FY QG]SAM GD [FKMQ3:

Qmategd 19?6. Imèdetegds 35

(f) [fkms1?

@gr purpgsms g` tjes ajfptmr, tjm tmrl "wfkms" lmfds fhh rmludmrftegd (gtjmr tjfd mms pfei tg f puchea g` eaefh)16

`gr smrveams pmr`grlmi cy fd mlphgymm gr jes mlphgymr, edahuiedk tjm afsj vfhum g` fhh rmludmrftegd (edahuiedk13

cmdmèts) pfei ed fdy lmieul gtjmr tjfd afsj2 mxampt tjft suaj tmrl sjfhh dgt edahuim rmludmrftegd pfei -11

(66) `gr smrveams dgt ed tjm agursm g` tjm mlphgymr's trfim gr cusedmss Rpuchea g`èam ed tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt\,19

tg tjm mxtmdt pfei ed fdy lmieul gtjmr tjfd afsj2 gr1=

Iuredk tjm telm tjft J.N.S. 653 suppgsmihy wfs ‘hfw“, Flmreafds jfi dg rmsgrt tg tjm agllgd hfw rmlmiems wjeaj jfi cmmd10

fvfehfchm wjmdmvmr tjmrm jfi cmmd f crmfaj g` f agdtrfat (gchekftegd) wjeaj rmquermi f pfylmdt ed f pfrteauhfr bedi g` aged1;

gr aurrmday (gr, lfycm, agllgiety). Yjm ‘hfw“ pursufdt tg J.N.S. 653 smt fseim gr ‘suspmdimi“ tjm agllgd hfw ed rmkfri1:

tg pfylmdts g` agdtrfats ed lgdmy, gr fs et lekjt cm sfei ed fdgtjmr wfy, J.N.S. 653 wfs vmry luaj f cfdbmr―s imhekjt cmafusm15

et m``matuftmi f suspmdsegd g` rmimlptegd g` fhh g` tjm gutstfdiedk aerauhftedk dgtms fs wmhh fs f dmwhy armftmi ‘hmkfh“ fcehety9?

tg ‘dmkgteftm“ ajmabs fdi gtjmr lgdmy imdgledftmi smauretems wetjgut jfvedk tg pfy gut hfwùh lgdmy, lmfdedk kghi gr96

sehvmr ageds. Edstmfi tjm Cfdbs aguhi iesajfrkm tjmer èiuaefry iuty cy g``mredk, tjft es ‘tmdimredk“ fdytjedk tjft wfs hmkfh93

tmdimr ft tjft telm. (Fhh g` tjm fcgvm wehh cm `gudi ed J.N.S. 653, Qmategd 6.91

Fs f pgedt g` mlpjfses jmrm, J.N.S. 653 `gudi ft 9: Qtft. 663-661 iei dgt cy mxprmss tmrls rmpmfh fdy g` tjm prm-mxestedk99

agllgd hfw rmlmiems. Ft tjm lgst, fhh et iei wfs ediermathy suspmdi fdy fcehety tg usm tjm agllgd hfw rmlmiems `gr f wjehm.9=

Yjm wjehm, fs et turds gut, hfstmi `rgl 6511 tg 65:3, gr fhlgst =? ymfrs. Cut upgd tjm rmpmfh g` J.N.S. 653 fhh g` tjm ghimr90

agllgd hfw rmlmiems cmaflm fvfehfchm `gr usm fkfed fdi tjm Cfdbs aguhi dgt ‘hmkfhhy“ mvfim tjmer èiuaefry iuty tg pfy ed9;

hfwùh lgdmy. Cut tjmy ig fdi jfvm agdtedumi tg fvgei tjmer iuty et smmls selphy cmafusm dg gdm jfs imlfdimi tjft f Cfdb9:

sjguhi pfy ed ighhfrs g` hfwùh lgdmy fdi jfs stggi èrl ed rmùsedk tg faampt tjgsm @mimrfh Smsmrvm dgtms wjmd tmdimrmi.95

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http://famguardian.org/TaxFreedom/Definitions/#D*fn1



http://famguardian.org/Subjects/Taxes/Articles/MathesVCIR1978.htm



http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/c/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/c/chapters/24/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/ts_search.pl?title=26&sec=3401



http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/c/chapters/24/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/c/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/toc.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/toc.html



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Ugu afd rmùsm tjml dgw tjft J.N.S. 653 jfs cmmd rmpmfhmi fdi wjmd ygu ig tjm Cfdb es put edtg f vmry ie`èauht spgt.6

Hfwùhhy, f Cfdb lust pfy ed hfwùh lgdmy ighhfrs fdi et es vmry hebmhy tjft tjm Cfdb selphy igms dgt jfvm fdy, gr lfycm3

dgt mdgukj tg trfdsfat ygur ajmab. Yjft tmhhs ygu tjft tjm Cfdb es edsghvmdt, F.B.F. cfdbrupt.1

Yjmrm es tgify f pfrety rmhftegdsjep cmtwmmd @Sd―s fdi tjm hfwùh lgdmy sehvmr ighhfrs wjeaj es fcgut 6? tg 6 fdi lgvedk9

upwfri tg 63 tg 6. ]dimr tjm 6?>6 pfrety f sedkhm gr 6 ‘ighhfr“ @mimrfh Smsmrvm dgtm es fatufhhy wgrtj gdhy tmd amdts ed sehvmr=

aged hfwùh lgdmy. Kg tg f aged stgrm fdi cuy gdm sehvmr ighhfr aged usedk @Sd―s. Ugu―hh hmfrd fcgut pfrety vfhums.0

3.=

Ugu afd―t ‘hfudimr“ lgdmy e` tjmrm EQ dg ‘lgdmy“ ;

Cfsmi gd tjm prmamiedk iesaussegd, et gukjt tg cm gcvegus tg tjm rmfimr tjft e` tjmrm es dg ‘lgdmy“ fs hmkfhhy imèdmi, tjmd:

tjmrm afd cm dg suaj tjedk fs ‘lgdmy hfudimredk“. Yg mvmd afhh et tjft es @SF]I.5

1 Lgdmy Hfudimredk Cfabkrgudi6?

Lgdmy hfudimredk es tjm prgamss g` ajfdkedk hfrkm flgudts g` lgdmy tjft jfvm cmmd kfedmi tjrgukj ehhmketelftm lmfds.66

Lgdmy mveimdthy kfedmi tjrgukj arelm es "ierty" lgdmy, fdi lgdmy tjft jfs cmmd "hfudimrmi" tg fppmfr fs e` et aflm `rgl f63

hmketelftm sguram es "ahmfd" lgdmy. Lgdmy afd cm hfudimrmi cy lfdy lmtjgis, wjeaj vfry ed aglphmxety fdi sgpjesteaftegd.61

Ie``mrmdt agudtrems lfy gr lfy dgt trmft tfx mvfsegd gr pfylmdts ed crmfaj g` edtmrdftegdfh sfdategds fs lgdmy hfudimredk.69

Qglm nuresieategds ie``mrmdteftm tjmsm `gr imèdetegd purpgsms, fdi gtjmrs ig dgt. Qglm nuresieategds imèdm lgdmy hfudimredk6=fs gcùsaftedk sgurams g` lgdmy, metjmr edtmdtegdfhhy gr cy lmrmhy usedk èdfdaefh systmls gr smrveams tjft ig dgt eimdte`y gr60

trfab sgurams gr imstedftegds.6;

Gtjmr nuresieategds imèdm lgdmy hfudimredk tg edahuim lgdmy `rgl fatevety tjft wguhi jfvm cmmd f arelm ed tjft nuresieategd,6:

mvmd e` et wfs hmkfh wjmrm tjm fatufh agdiuat gaaurrmi. @gr mxflphm, udimr Cretesj hfw, spmdiedk prgammis `rgl f cuhh èkjt 65

ed Qpfed agdstetutms lgdmy hfudimredk cmafusm tjm cuhh èkjt wguhi jfvm cmmd ehhmkfh e` et jfi cmmd agdiuatmi ed tjm ]detmi3?

Bedkigl.5 Yjes crgfi crusj g` fpphyedk lgdmy hfudimredk tg edaeimdtfh, mxtrftmrretgrefh gr selphy prevfay-smmbedk cmjfvegrs36

jfs hmi sglm tg hfcmh et èdfdaefh tjgukjtarelm.6? 33

Lfdy rmkuhftgry fdi kgvmrdlmdtfh futjgretems essum mstelftms mfaj ymfr gr tjm flgudt g` lgdmy hfudimrmi, metjmr wgrhiweim31

gr wetjed tjmer dftegdfh magdgly. Ed 6550, tjm Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmtfry @udi (E.L.@.) mstelftmi tjft twg tg èvm pmramdt g` tjm39

wgrhiweim khgcfh magdgly edvghvmi hfudimrmi lgdmy. Yjm @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram gd Lgdmy Hfudimredk (@.F.Y.@.),3=

fd edtmrkgvmrdlmdtfh cgiy smt up tg aglcft lgdmy hfudimredk, stftmi, "Gvmrfhh, et es fcsghutmhy elpgssechm tg prgiuam f30

rmhefchm mstelftm g` tjm flgudt g` lgdmy hfudimrmi fdi tjmrm`grm tjm @.F.Y.@. igms dgt puchesj fdy èkurms ed tjes rmkfri."66 3;

Fafimlea agllmdtftgrs jfvm hebmwesm cmmd udfchm tg mstelftm tjm vghulm g` lgdmy wetj fdy imkrmm g` fssurfdam.63 Pfregus3:

mstelftms g` tjm safhm g` khgcfh lgdmy hfudimredk frm sglmtelms rmpmftmi g`tmd mdgukj tg lfbm sglm pmgphm rmkfri tjml fs35

`fatufh ’ cut dg rmsmfrajmr jfs gvmraglm tjm edjmrmdt ie`èauhty g` lmfsuredk fd fatevmhy agdamfhmi prfateam.1?

Smkfrihmss g` tjm ie`èauhty ed lmfsurmlmdt, tjm flgudt g` lgdmy hfudimrmi mfaj ymfr es ed tjm cehhegds (]Q ighhfrs) fdi16

pgsms f sekdeèafdt pgheay agdamrd `gr kgvmrdlmdts.61 Fs f rmsuht, kgvmrdlmdts fdi edtmrdftegdfh cgiems jfvm udimrtfbmd13

m``grts tg imtmr, prmvmdt, fdi fpprmjmdi lgdmy hfudimrmrs. @edfdaefh edstetutegds jfvm hebmwesm udimrtfbmd m``grts tg prmvmdt11

fdi imtmat trfdsfategds edvghvedk ierty lgdmy, cgtj fs f rmsuht g` kgvmrdlmdt rmquermlmdts fdi tg fvgei tjm rmputftegdfh resb19

edvghvmi. Essums rmhftedk tg lgdmy hfudimredk jfvm mxestmi fs hgdk fs tjmrm jfvm cmmd hfrkm safhm areledfh mdtmrpresms. Lgimrd1=

fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk hfws jfvm imvmhgpmi fhgdk wetj tjm sg-afhhmi lgimrd [fr gd Iruks.69 Ed lgrm rmamdt telms fdte ‑ 10

lgdmy hfudimredk hmkeshftegd es smmd fs finudat tg tjm edfdaefh arelm g` tmrrgrest edfdaedk ed tjft cgtj arelms usufhhy edvghvm1;

5 _rgammis g` Arelm Fat 3??3, smategd 19?(3)(c) ‑ imèdetegd g` "areledfh agdiuat".

6? Lgdmy Hfudimredk Es @edfdaefh Yjgukjtarelm.

66 @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lgdmy Hfudimredk @FV". Smtremvmi 3 Lfraj 3?66.

63 Smutmr, _mtmr (3??9). Ajfsedk Ierty Lgdmy. _mtmrsgd. EQCD 5;:-?-::613-1;?-3.

61 Smutmr, _mtmr (3??9). Ajfsedk Ierty Lgdmy. _mtmrsgd. EQCD 5;:-?-::613-1;?-3.

69 @gr mxflphm, udimr ]B hfw tjm erst g``mdams armftmi gr lgdmy hfudimredk cgtj rmhftmi tg tjm prgammis rgl tjm sfhm g` ehhmkfh dfragteas udimr tjm AreledfhNusteam Fat 65:: fdi tjmd hftmr udimr tjm Iruk Yrf`èabedk Fat 6559.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_evasion



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_fight



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughtcrime



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force_on_Money_Laundering



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crime



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Drugs



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_financing



http://www.americanbanker.com/bankthink/money-laundering-is-financial-thoughtcrime-1058902-1.html?zkPrintable=1&nopagination=1



http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/29/0,3746,en_32250379_32235720_33659613_1_1_1_1,00.html



http://bookstore.piie.com/book-store/381.html



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tjm trfdslessegd g` ùdis tjrgukj tjm èdfdaefh systml (fhtjgukj lgdmy hfudimredk rmhftms tg wjmrm tjm lgdmy jfs aglm6

`rgl, fdi tmrrgrest èdfdaedk rmhftedk tg wjmrm tjm lgdmy es kgedk tg).3

1.6 Lgdmy Hfudimredk Lmtjgis1

Lgdmy hfudimredk es agllgdhy imèdmi fs gaaurredk ed tjrmm stmps> tjm èrst stmp edvghvms edtrgiuaedk afsj edtg tjm èdfdaefh9

systml cy sglm lmfds ("phfamlmdt")2 tjm smagdi edvghvms afrryedk gut aglphmx èdfdaefh trfdsfategds tg aflgu`hfkm tjm=

ehhmkfh sguram ("hfymredk")2 fdi tjm èdfh stmp mdtfehs faqueredk wmfhtj kmdmrftmi `rgl tjm trfdsfategds g` tjm ehheaet ùdis0

("edtmkrftegd"). Qglm g` tjmsm stmps lfy cm glettmi, impmdiedk gd tjm aeraulstfdams2 `gr mxflphm, dgd-afsj prgammis tjft;

frm fhrmfiy ed tjm èdfdaefh systml wguhi jfvm dg dmmi `gr phfamlmdt.6= :

Lgdmy hfudimredk tfbms smvmrfh ie``mrmdt `grls, fhtjgukj lgst lmtjgis afd cm aftmkgrezmi edtg gdm g` f `mw typms. Yjmsm5

edahuim "cfdb lmtjgis, slurèdk Rfhsg bdgwd fs struaturedk\, aurrmday mxajfdkms, fdi iguchm-edvgeaedk".60 6?

6. Qtruaturedk> G`tmd bdgwd fs slurèdk, tjes es f lmtjgi g` phfamlmdt wjmrmcy afsj es crgbmd edtg slfhhmr impgsets g`66

lgdmy, usmi tg im`mft suspeaegd g` lgdmy hfudimredk fdi tg fvgei fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts. F63

suc-aglpgdmdt g` tjes es tg usm slfhhmr flgudts g` afsj tg purajfsm cmfrmr edstrulmdts, suaj fs lgdmy grimrs, fdi61

tjmd uhtelftmhy impgset tjgsm, fkfed ed slfhh flgudts.6; 69

3. Cuhb afsj slukkhedk> Yjes edvghvms pjyseafhhy slukkhedk afsj tg fdgtjmr nuresieategd fdi impgsetedk et ed f èdfdaefh6=

edstetutegd, suaj fs fd g``sjgrm cfdb , wetj krmftmr cfdb smarmay gr hmss rekgrgus lgdmy hfudimredk md`gramlmdt.6: 60

1. Afsj-edtmdsevm cusedmssms> Ed tjes lmtjgi, f cusedmss typeafhhy edvghvmi ed rmamevedk afsj usms ets faagudts tg impgset6;

cgtj hmketelftm fdi areledfhhy imrevmi afsj, ahfeledk fhh g` et fs hmketelftm mfrdedks. Qmrveam cusedmssms frm cmst suetmi6:

tg tjes lmtjgi, fs suaj cusedmssms jfvm dg vfrefchm agsts, fdi et es jfri tg imtmat iesarmpfdaems cmtwmmd rmvmdums fdi65

agsts. Mxflphms frm pfrbedk cuehiedks, strep ahucs, tfddedk cmis, fdi afsedgs.3?

9. Yrfim-cfsmi hfudimredk> Yjes edvghvms udimr- gr gvmrvfhuedk edvgeams tg ieskuesm tjm lgvmlmdt g` lgdmy.65 36

=. Qjmhh aglpfdems fdi trusts> Yrusts fdi sjmhh aglpfdems ieskuesm tjm trum gwdmr g` lgdmy. Yrusts fdi agrpgrftm33

vmjeahms, impmdiedk gd tjm nuresieategd, dmmi dgt iesahgsm tjmer trum, cmdmèaefh, gwdmr.3? 31

0. Sgudi-treppedk> Jmrm, lgdmy es impgsetmi ed f agdtrghhmi `grmekd agrpgrftegd g``sjgrm, prm`mrfchy ed f tfx jfvmd wjmrm39

ledelfh rmagris frm bmpt, fdi tjmd sjeppmi cfab fs f `grmekd iermat edvmstlmdt, mxmlpt `rgl tfxftegd. F vfrefdt gd tjes3=

es tg trfds`mr lgdmy tg f hfw èrl gr selehfr grkfdezftegd fs ùdis gd faagudt g` `mms, tjmd tg afdamh tjm rmtfedmr fdi,30

wjmd tjm lgdmy es rmlettmi, rmprmsmdt tjm suls rmamevmi `rgl tjm hfwymrs fs f hmkfay udimr f wehh gr prgammis g`3;

hetekftegd.3:

;. Cfdb afpturm> Ed tjes afsm, lgdmy hfudimrmrs gr areledfhs cuy f agdtrghhedk edtmrmst ed f cfdb, prm`mrfchy ed f35

nuresieategd wetj wmfb lgdmy hfudimredk agdtrghs, fdi tjmd lgvm lgdmy tjrgukj tjm cfdb wetjgut sarutedy.1?

:. Afsedgs> Ed tjes lmtjgi, fd edieveiufh wfhbs edtg f afsedg wetj afsj fdi cuys ajeps, phfys `gr f wjehm, fdi tjmd afsjms16

ed tjm ajeps, tfbedk pfylmdt ed f ajmab. Yjm lgdmy hfudimrmr tjmd impgsets tjm ajmab edtg f cfdb faagudt, ahfeledk et13

fs kflchedk weddedks.36 11

5. Smfh mstftm> Qglmgdm purajfsms rmfh mstftm wetj ehhmkfh prgammis fdi tjmd smhhs tjm prgpmrty. Yg gutseimrs, tjm prgammis19

`rgl tjm sfhm hggb hebm hmketelftm edaglm. Fhtmrdftevmhy, tjm pream g` tjm prgpmrty es lfdepuhftmi> tjm smhhmr fkrmms tg f1=

agdtrfat tjft udimrrmprmsmdts tjm vfhum g` tjm prgpmrty, fdi rmamevms areledfh prgammis tg lfbm up tjm ie``mrmdam.33 10

6?. Chfab sfhfrems> F aglpfdy lfy jfvm udrmkestmrmi mlphgymms wetjgut f wrettmd agdtrfat fdi pfy tjml afsj sfhfrems.1;

Chfab afsj lekjt cm usmi tg pfy tjml.31 1:

66. Yfx fldmstems> @gr mxflphm, tjgsm tjft hmkfhezm udrmpgrtmi fssmts ed tfx jfvmds fdi afsj39 15

6= Smutmr, _mtmr (3??9). Ajfsedk Ierty Lgdmy. _mtmrsgd. EQCD 5;:-?-::613-1;?-3.

60 Hfwrmdam L. Qfhedkmr, Mdayahgpmief g` wjetm-aghhfr & agrpgrftm arelm> F ‑ E, Pghulm 6, pfkm ;:, EQCD ?-;065-1??9-1, 3??=.

6; Dftegdfh Iruk Edtmhhekmdam Amdtmr (Fukust 3?66). "Dftegdfh Iruk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". p. 9?. Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66.

6: Dftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Imamlcmr 3??=. p. 11. Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj 3?66.

65 Cfbmr, Sfylgdi (3??=). Afpetfhesl's Fajehhms Jmmh. [ehmy.

3? @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Khgcfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi Ymrrgrest @edfdaedk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj 3?66.

36 "Dftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Imamlcmr 3??=. p. 11. Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj 3?66.

33 @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Khgcfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi Ymrrgrest @edfdaedk Yjrmft Fssmsslmdt". Smtremvmi 1 Lfraj 3?66.

31 "]dimrkrgudi Magdgly Essums. Gdtfreg Agdstruategd Qmarmtfreft".

39 "Yfx fldmstems turd JLSA edtg 'cekkmst lgdmy-hfudimredk gpmrftegd ed jestgry'" . Smtremvmi 69 Nudm 3?61.

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuring


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_bank



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_secrecy



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanning_bed



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invoice



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-tripping_(finance)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_foreign_corporation



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_haven



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_amnesty










http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761930043



http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs44/44849/44849p.pdf



http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/011106.pdf



http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/48/10/45724350.pdf









http://www.iciconstruction.com/resources/industry_publications/underground_economy_issues.cfm



http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/finance/ianmcowie/100011790/tax-amnesties-turn-hmrc-into-biggest-money-laundering-operation-in-history
























http://sedm.org/




63. @eategdfh hgfds6

1.3 Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt3

Fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk (FLH) es f tmrl lfedhy usmi ed tjm èdfdaefh fdi hmkfh ediustrems tg imsarecm tjm hmkfh agdtrghs tjft1

rmquerm èdfdaefh edstetutegds fdi gtjmr rmkuhftmi mdtetems tg prmvmdt, imtmat, fdi rmpgrt lgdmy hfudimredk fatevetems. Fdte ‑ 9

lgdmy hfudimredk kueimhedms aflm edtg prgledmdam khgcfhhy fs f rmsuht g` tjm `grlftegd g` tjm @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram =

(@.F.Y.@.) fdi tjm prgluhkftegd g` fd edtmrdftegdfh `rflmwgrb g` fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk stfdifris.3= Yjmsm stfdifris cmkfd0

tg jfvm lgrm rmhmvfdam ed 3??? fdi 3??6, f`tmr @.F.Y.@. cmkfd f prgamss tg pucheahy eimdte`y agudtrems tjft wmrm imèaemdt ed;

tjmer fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk hfws fdi edtmrdftegdfh aggpmrftegd, f prgamss aghhgquefhhy bdgwd fs "dflm fdi sjflm".30 :

Fd m``matevm FLH prgkrfl rmquerms f nuresieategd tg jfvm areledfhezmi lgdmy hfudimredk, kevmd tjm rmhmvfdt rmkuhftgrs fdi5

pgheam tjm pgwmrs fdi tgghs tg edvmstekftm2 cm fchm tg sjfrm ed`grlftegd wetj gtjmr agudtrems fs fpprgpreftm2 fdi rmquerm6?

èdfdaefh edstetutegds tg eimdte`y tjmer austglmrs, mstfchesj resb-cfsmi agdtrghs, bmmp rmagris, fdi rmpgrt suspeaegus fatevetems.3; 66

1.3.6 Areledfhezedk lgdmy hfudimredk63

Yjm mhmlmdts g` tjm arelm g` lgdmy hfudimredk frm smt `grtj ed tjm ]detmi Dftegds Agdvmdtegd Fkfedst Ehheaet Yrf`èa ed61

Dfragtea Iruks fdi _syajgtrgpea Qucstfdams fdi Agdvmdtegd fkfedst Yrfdsdftegdfh Grkfdezmi Arelm. Et es imèdmi fs69

bdgwedkhy mdkfkedk ed f èdfdaefh trfdsfategd wetj tjm prgammis g` f arelm `gr tjm purpgsm g` agdamfhedk gr ieskuesedk tjm6=

ehheaet greked g` tjm prgpmrty `rgl kgvmrdlmdts.60

1.3.3 Yjm rghm g` èdfdaefh edstetutegds6;

Ygify, lgst èdfdaefh edstetutegds khgcfhhy, fdi lfdy dgd-èdfdaefh edstetutegds, frm rmquermi tg eimdte`y fdi rmpgrt6:

trfdsfategds g` f suspeaegus dfturm tg tjm edfdaefh edtmhhekmdam udet ed tjm rmspmatevm agudtry. @gr mxflphm, f cfdb lust vmre`y65

f austglmr's eimdtety fdi, e` dmamssfry, lgdetgr trfdsfategds `gr suspeaegus fatevety. Yjes es g`tmd tmrlmi fs ‘bdgw ygur3?

austglmr “. Yjes lmfds bdgwedk tjm eimdtety g` tjm austglmr fdi udimrstfdiedk tjm bedis g` trfdsfategds ed wjeaj tjm austglmr36

es hebmhy tg mdkfkm. Cy bdgwedk gdm's austglmrs, èdfdaefh edstetutegds afd g tmd eimdte`y udusufh gr suspeaegus cmjfvegr,33

tmrlmi fdglfhems, wjeaj lfy cm fd edieaftegd g` lgdmy hfudimredk.3: 31

Cfdb mlphgymms, suaj fs tmhhmrs fdi austglmr faagudt rmprmsmdtftevms, frm trfedmi ed fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk fdi frm edstruatmi39

tg rmpgrt fatevetems tjft tjmy imml suspeaegus. Fiietegdfhhy, fdte-lgdmy hfudimredk sg`twfrm èhtmrs austglmr iftf, ahfsseèms3=

et faagriedk tg hmvmh g` suspeaegd, fdi edspmats et `gr fdglfhems. Quaj fdglfhems edahuim fdy suiimd fdi sucstfdtefh edarmfsm30

ed ùdis, f hfrkm wetjirfwfh, gr lgvedk lgdmy tg f cfdb smarmay nuresieategd. Qlfhhmr trfdsfategds tjft lmmt amrtfed aretmref3;

lfy fhsg cm `hfkkmi fs suspeaegus. @gr mxflphm, struaturedk afd hmfi tg `hfkkmi trfdsfategds. Yjm sg`twfrm fhsg `hfks dflms3:

gd kgvmrdlmdt "chfabhests" fdi trfdsfategds tjft edvghvm agudtrems jgstehm tg tjm jgst dftegd. Gdam tjm sg`twfrm jfs ledmi35

iftf fdi `hfkkmi suspmat trfdsfategds, et fhmrts cfdb lfdfkmlmdt, wjg lust tjmd imtmrledm wjmtjmr tg èhm f rmpgrt wetj tjm1?

kgvmrdlmdt.16

1.3.1 Pfhum g` md`gramlmdt agsts fdi fssgaeftmi prevfay agdamrds13

Yjm èdfdaefh smrveams ediustry jfs cmaglm lgrm vgafh fcgut tjm resedk agsts g` fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk rmkuhftegd fdi tjm11

heletmi cmdmèts tjft tjmy ahfel et credks.35 Gdm agllmdtftgr wrgtm tjft "Rw\etjgut `fats, Rfdte-lgdmy hfudimredk\ hmkeshftegd19

jfs cmmd irevmd gd rjmtgrea, irevedk cy ehh-kueimi fatevesl rmspgdiedk tg tjm dmmi tg cm "smmd tg cm igedk sglmtjedk" rftjmr1=

tjfd cy fd gcnmatevm udimrstfdiedk g` ets m``mats gd prmieaftm arelm. Yjm sgaefh pfdea fpprgfaj es nusteèmi cy tjm hfdkufkm10

3= @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Fcgut tjm @.F.Y.@.". Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66.

30 @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Fcgut tjm Dgd-Aggpmrftevm Agudtrems fdi Ymrretgrems (DAAY) Edeteftevm". Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66.2 Yjm Khgcfh Fdte-Lgdmy Hfudimredk Smkelm> F Qjgrt Gvmrvemw, cy Seajfri Jgrgwetz, Afylfd Eshfdis Ngurdfh, 0 Nfdufry 3?6?

3; @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lgdmy Hfudimredk @FV". Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66.

3: Sgtj, Ngjd, mt fh. (3? Fukust 3??9). "Lgdgkrfpj gd Ymrrgrest @edfdaedk". Dftegdfh Agllessegd gd Ymrrgrest Fttfabs ]pgd tjm ]detmi Qtftms. pp. =9 ‑ =0.Smtremvmi 3? Qmptmlcmr 3?66.

35 Cfhh, Imcgrfj, mt fh., (33 Lfraj 3?66). "].Q. Cfdbs Gppgsm Yekjtmr Lgdmy Suhms". [fhh Qtrmmt Ngurdfh. Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr 3?66.

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_institutions



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_and_shame



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_against_Transnational_Organized_Crime


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-money_laundering_software



http://www.fatf-gafi.org/pages/0,3417,en_32250379_32236836_1_1_1_1_1,00.html






http://www.compasscayman.com/journal/2010/01/06/The-global-anti-money-laundering-regime--a-short-overview







http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/staff_statements/911_TerrFin_Ch4.pdf



http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704355304576214852895407540.html

















http://sedm.org/




usmi ’ wm tfhb g` tjm cftthm fkfedst tmrrgresl gr tjm wfr gd iruks".1? Yjm Magdglest lfkfzedm jfs cmaglm edarmfsedkhy vgafh6

ed ets areteaesl g` suaj rmkuhftegd, pfrteauhfrhy wetj rm`mrmdam tg agudtmredk tmrrgrest èdfdaedk, rm`mrredk tg et fs f "agsthy3

`fehurm", fhtjgukj et agdamims tjft gtjmr m``grts (hebm rmiuaedk eimdtety fdi armiet afri rfui) lfy stehh cm m``matevm ft aglcftedk1

lgdmy hfudimredk.16 9

Jgwmvmr, tjmrm es dg prmaesm lmfsurmlmdt g` tjm agsts g` rmkuhftegd cfhfdami fkfedst tjm jfrls fssgaeftmi wetj lgdmy=

hfudimredk,13 fdi kevmd tjm mvfhuftegd prgchmls edvghvmi ed fssmssedk suaj fd essum, et es udhebmhy tjft tjm m``matevmdmss g`0

tmrrgr èdfdam fdi lgdmy hfudimredk hfws aguhi cm imtmrledmi wetj fdy imkrmm g` faaurfay.11 Yjm Magdglest mstelftmi tjm;

fddufh agsts g` fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk m``grts ed Murgpm fdi Dgrtj Flmreaf ft ]Q$= cehhegd ed 3??1, fd edarmfsm rgl ]Q$;??:

lehhegd ed 3???.19 Kgvmrdlmdt-hedbmi magdglests jfvm dgtmi tjm sekdeèafdt dmkftevm m``mats g` lgdmy hfudimredk gd5

magdglea imvmhgplmdt, edahuiedk udimrlededk iglmstea afpetfh `grlftegd, imprmssedk krgwtj, fdi ievmrtedk afpetfh fwfy6?

`rgl imvmhgplmdt.1= Cmafusm g` tjm edtredsea udamrtfedtems g` tjm flgudt g` lgdmy hfudimrmi, ajfdkms ed tjm flgudt g`66

lgdmy hfudimrmi, fdi tjm agst g` fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk systmls, et es fhlgst elpgssechm tg tmhh wjeaj fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk63

systmls wgrb fdi wjeaj frm lgrm gr hmss agst m``matevm.61

Iftf prevfay jfs fhsg cmmd rfesmi fs f agdamrd. F Murgpmfd ]degd (M]) wgrbedk pfrty, `gr mxflphm, jfs fddgudami f hest g`69

99 rmagllmdiftegds tg cmttmr jfrlgdezm, fdi e` dmamssfry safhm igwd, tjm lgdmy hfudimredk hfws g` M] lmlcmr stftms tg6=

aglphy wetj ùdiflmdtfh prevfay rekjts.10 Ed tjm ]detmi Qtftms, krgups suaj fs tjm Flmreafd Aeveh Hecmrtems ]degd jfvm60

mxprmssmi agdamrd tjft lgdmy hfudimredk ruhms rmquerm cfdbs tg rmpgrt gd tjmer gwd austglmrs, mssmdtefhhy agdsareptedk prevftm6;

cusedmssms "edtg fkmdts g` tjm survmehhfdam stftm".1; 6:

Ed fdy mvmdt, lfdy agudtrems frm gchekftmi cy vfregus edtmrdftegdfh edstrulmdts fdi stfdifris, suaj fs tjm ]detmi Dftegds65

Agdvmdtegd Fkfedst Ehheaet Yrf`èa ed Dfragtea Iruks fdi _syajgtrgpea Qucstfdams, tjm Agdvmdtegd fkfedst Yrfdsdftegdfh3?

Grkfdezmi Arelm, tjm ]detmi Dftegds Agdvmdtegd fkfedst Agrruptegd, fdi tjm rmagllmdiftegds g` tjm @.F.Y.@. tg mdfat fdi36

md`gram lgdmy hfudimredk hfws ed fd m``grt tg stgp dfragteas trf`èabedk, edtmrdftegdfh grkfdezmi arelm, fdi agrruptegd. Gtjmr33

agudtrems, suaj fs Lmxeag, tjft `fam sekdeèafdt arelm prgchmls cmhemvm tjft fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk agdtrghs aguhi jmhp aurc31

tjm udimrhyedk arelm essum.1: 39

1.3.9 Grkfdezftegds wgrbedk fkfedst lgdmy hfudimredk3=

@grlmi ed 65:5 cy tjm K; agudtrems, tjm @.F.Y.@. es fd edtmrkgvmrdlmdtfh cgiy wjgsm purpgsm es tg imvmhgp fdi prglgtm fd30

edtmrdftegdfh rmspgdsm tg aglcft lgdmy hfudimredk. Yjm @.F.Y.@. Qmarmtfreft es jgusmi ft tjm jmfiqufrtmrs g` tjm Grkfdezftegd3;

`gr Magdglea Aggpmrftegd fdi Imvmhgplmdt (G.M.A.I.) ed _fres. Ed Gatgcmr 3??6, @.F.Y.@. mxpfdimi ets lessegd tg edahuim3:

aglcftedk tjm èdfdaedk g` tmrrgresl. @.F.Y.@. es f pgheay-lfbedk cgiy tjft credks tgkmtjmr hmkfh, èdfdaefh, fdi hfw35

md`gramlmdt mxpmrts tg fajemvm dftegdfh hmkeshftegd fdi rmkuhftgry FLH fdi A@Y rm`grls. Aurrmdthy ets lmlcmrsjep agdsests1?

g` 19 agudtrems fdi tmrretgrems fdi twg rmkegdfh grkfdezftegds. Ed fiietegd, @.F.Y.@. wgrbs ed aghhfcgrftegd wetj f dulcmr g`16

edtmrdftegdfh cgiems fdi grkfdezftegds. Yjmsm mdtetems jfvm gcsmrvmr stftus wetj @.F.Y.@., wjeaj igms dgt mdtethm tjml tg vgtm,13

cut pmrlets tjml ùhh pfrteaepftegd ed phmdfry smssegds fdi wgrbedk krgups.15 11

1? Lgdmy Hfudimredk Cuhhmted, Essum 6=9, Nudm 3??:, Ir Nfabem Jfrvmy (Dmwafsthm Cusedmss Qajggh

16 Yjm Hgst Yrfeh". Yjm Magdglest . 3? Gatgcmr 3??=. Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr 3?66.

13 Hmve, Leajfmh fdi [ehhefl Kehlgrm (3??3). "Ymrrgrest @edfdam, Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi tjm Ses g` Lutufh Mvfhuftegd> F Dmw _frfiekl `gr ArelmAgdtrgh7". Murgpmfd Ngurdfh g Hfw Sm`grl 9 (3)> 11; ‑ 109.

11 Hmve, Leajfmh (Lfy 3?6?). "Aglcftedk tjm @edfdaedk g` Ymrrgresl> F Jestgry fdi Fssmsslmdt g` tjm Agdtrgh g` 'Yjrmft @edfdam'". Cretesj Ngurdfh gÀreledghgky =? (9)> 0=? ‑ 005.

19 "Agledk ahmfd". Yjm Magdglest . 69 Gatgcmr 3??9.

1= Cfrthmtt, Crmdt (Lfy 3??3). "Yjm Dmkftevm M``mats g` Lgdmy Hfudimredk gd Magdglea Imvmhgplmdt" . Fsefd Imvmhgplmdt Cfdb. Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr3?66.

10 Yjm EY Hfw Aglludety. "Iftf _rgtmategd, Lgdmy Hfudimredk fdi Ymrrgresl". Smtremvmi 31 Gatgcmr 3?66.

1; Flmreafd Aeveh Hecmrtems ]degd. "Yjm Qurvmehhfdam Ediustrefh Aglphmx". Smtremvmi 31 Gatgcmr 3?66.

1: Cggtj, [ehhefl (30 Fukust 3?6?). "Lmxeag tfrkmts lgdmy hfudimredk wetj phfd tg helet afsj trfdsfategds". [fsjedktgd _gst . Smtremvmi 65 Qmptmlcmr3?66.

15 @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lmlcmr Agudtry fdi Gcsmrvmrs @FV".

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist











http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Corruption



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G7



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD




http://www.economist.com/node/5056338?story_id=E1_VDVGPPR



http://www.economist.com.hk/node/3292933






http://www.afp.gov.au/~/media/afp/pdf/m/money-laundering-02.ashx



http://www.scl.org/site.aspx?i=ne20971



http://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/surveillance_report.pdf



http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/26/AR2010082605355.html























http://sedm.org/




@.F.Y.@. jfs imvmhgpmi 9? rmagllmdiftegds gd lgdmy hfudimredk fdi 5 spmaefh rmagllmdiftegds rmkfriedk tmrrgrest6

èdfdaedk. @.F.Y.@. fssmssms mfaj lmlcmr agudtry fkfedst tjmsm rmagllmdiftegds ed puchesjmi rmpgrts. Agudtrems smmd fs dgt3

cmedk su`èaemdthy aglphefdt wetj suaj rmagllmdiftegds frm sucnmatmi tg èdfdaefh sfdategds.9? 1

@.F.Y.@.―s tjrmm prelfry ùdategds wetj rmkfri tg lgdmy hfudimredk frm>9

6. Lgdetgredk lmlcmrs― prgkrmss ed elphmlmdtedk fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk lmfsurms.=

3. Smvemwedk fdi rmpgrtedk gd hfudimredk trmdis, tmajdequms, fdi agudtmrlmfsurms.0

1. _rglgtedk tjm figptegd fdi elphmlmdtftegd g` @.F.Y.@. fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk stfdifris khgcfhhy.;

Yjm @.F.Y.@. aurrmdthy aglpresms 19 lmlcmr nuresieategds fdi 3 rmkegdfh grkfdezftegds, rmprmsmdtedk lgst lfngr èdfdaefh:

amdtmrs ed fhh pfrts g` tjm khgcm>5

• Frkmdtedf6?

• Fustrfhef66

• Fustref63

• Cmhkeul61

• Crfzeh69

• Afdfif6=

• Ajedf60

• Imdlfrb6;

• Murgpmfd Agllessegd6:

• @edhfdi65

• @rfdam3?

• Kmrlfdy36

• Krmmam33

• Kuh` Ag-gpmrftegd Agudaeh31

• Jgdk Bgdk39

• Eamhfdi3=

• Edief30

• Ermhfdi3;

• Etfhy3:

•

Nfpfd35• Bedkigl g` tjm Dmtjmrhfdis1?

• Huxmlcgurk16

• Lmxeag13

• Dmw ^mfhfdi11

• Dgrwfy19

• _grtukfh1=

• Smpuchea g` Bgrmf10

• Sussefd @mimrftegd1;

• Qedkfpgrm1:

• Qgutj F`reaf15

• Qpfed9?

• Qwmimd96

• Qwetzmrhfdi93

• Yurbmy91

• ]detmi Bedkigl99

• ]detmi Qtftms9=

9? @edfdaefh Fategd Yfsb @gram. "Lessegd". Smtremvmi 6 Lfraj 3?66.

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Yjm ]detmi Dftegds G`èam gd Iruks fdi Arelm lfedtfeds tjm Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Ed`grlftegd Dmtwgrb , f6

wmcsetm tjft prgveims ed`grlftegd fdi sg`twfrm `gr fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk iftf aghhmategd fdi fdfhyses.96 Yjm [grhi Cfdb 3

jfs f wmcsetm tjft prgveims pgheay fiveam fdi cmst prfateams tg kgvmrdlmdts fdi tjm prevftm smatgr gd fdte ‑ lgdmy hfudimredk1

essums.93 9

9 Cfdb Qmarmay Fat Smquermlmdts=

Yjm Cfdb Qmarmay Fat g` 65;? (gr CQF, gr gtjmrwesm bdgwd fs tjm Aurrmday fdi @grmekd Yrfdsfategds Smpgrtedk Fat)0

rmquerms èdfdaefh edstetutegds ed tjm ]detmi Qtftms tg fssest ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt fkmdaems tg imtmat fdi prmvmdt lgdmy hfudimredk. ;

Qpmaeèafhhy, tjm fat rmquerms edfdaefh edstetutegds tg bmmp rmagris g` afsj purajfsms g` dmkgtefchm edstrulmdts, fdi ehm rmpgrts:

g` afsj purajfsms g` tjmsm dmkgtefchm edstrulmdts g` lgrm tjfd $6?,??? (ifehy fkkrmkftm flgudt), fdi tg rmpgrt suspeaegus5

fatevety tjft lekjt sekde`y lgdmy hfudimredk, tfx mvfsegd, gr gtjmr areledfh fatevetems. Lfdy cfdbs wehh dg hgdkmr smhh6?

dmkgtefchm edstrulmdts wjmd tjmy frm purajfsmi wetj afsj, rmqueredk tjm purajfsm tg cm wetjirfwd `rgl fd faagudt ft tjft66

edstetutegd.63

Yjm C.Q.F. wfs grekedfhhy pfssmi cy tjm Agdkrmss g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms ed 65;?, fdi flmdimi smvmrfh telms sedam tjmd,61

edahuiedk prgvesegds ed tethm EEE g` tjm ]QF _FYSEGY Fat. (Qmm 16 ].Q.A. §§=166 ‑ =11? fdi 16 [email protected] . Ajfptmr Z.) Yjm69

C.Q.F. es sglmtelms rm`mrrmi tg fs fd "fdte-lgdmy hfudimredk" hfw ("FLH") gr ngedthy fs "CQF/FLH".91 6=

9.6 Yypms g` rmpgrts60

Yjm C.Q.F. rmkuhftegds rmquerm fhh èdfdaefh edstetutegds tg suclet èvm typms g` rmpgrts tg tjm kgvmrdlmdt. Yjm `ghhgwedk es6;

dgt fd mxjfustevm hest g` rmpgrts tg cm èhmi. Yjm @CFS jfs fd edieveiufh èhedk rmquermlmdt, fs imtfehmi cmhgw.6:

6. @edAMD @grl 663 (`grlmrhy @grl 6?9) Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (AYS)> F AYS lust cm èhmi `gr mfaj65

impgset, wetjirfwfh, mxajfdkm g` aurrmday, gr gtjmr pfylmdt gr trfds`mr, cy, tjrgukj gr tg f èdfdaefh edstetutegd,3?

wjeaj edvghvms f trfdsfategd ed aurrmday g` lgrm tjfd $6?,???. Luhtephm aurrmday trfdsfategds lust cm trmftmi fs f36

sedkhm trfdsfategd e` tjm èdfdaefh edstetutegd jfs bdgwhmikm tjft> (f) tjmy frm agdiuatmi cy gr gd cmjfh` g` tjm sflm33

pmrsgd2 fdi, (c) tjmy rmsuht ed afsj rmamevmi gr iescursmi cy tjm èdfdaefh edstetutegd g` lgrm tjfd $6?,???.99 31

3. @edAMD @grl 6?= Smpgrt g` Edtmrdftegdfh Yrfdspgrtftegd g` Aurrmday gr Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts (ALES)>39

Mfaj pmrsgd (edahuiedk f cfdb) wjg pjyseafhhy trfdspgrts, lfehs gr sjeps, gr afusms tg cm pjyseafhhy trfdspgrtmi,3=

lfehmi, sjeppmi gr rmamevmi, aurrmday, trfvmhmr's ajmabs, fdi amrtfed gtjmr lgdmtfry edstrulmdts ed fd fkkrmkftm30

flgudt mxammiedk $6?,??? edtg gr gut g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms lust èhm f ALES.9= 3;

1. Impfrtlmdt g` tjm Yrmfsury @grl 5?-33.6 Smpgrt g` @grmekd Cfdb fdi @edfdaefh Faagudts (@CFS)> Mfaj3:

pmrsgd (edahuiedk f cfdb) sucnmat tg tjm nuresieategd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms jfvedk fd edtmrmst ed, sekdfturm gr gtjmr35

futjgrety gvmr, gdm gr lgrm cfdb, smauretems, gr gtjmr èdfdaefh faagudts ed f `grmekd agudtry lust èhm fd @CFS e`1?

tjm fkkrmkftm vfhum g` suaj faagudts ft fdy pgedt ed f afhmdifr ymfr mxammis $6?,???.90 F rmamdt Iestreat Agurt16

afsm ed tjm 6?tj Aerauet jfs sekdeèafdthy mxpfdimi tjm imèdetegd g` "edtmrmst ed" fdi "gtjmr Futjgrety".9; 13

9. Yrmfsury Impfrtlmdt @grl 5?-33.9; fdi GAA @grl :?6?-5, :?6?-6 Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (QFS)>11

Cfdbs lust èhm f QFS `gr fdy suspeaegus trfdsfategd rmhmvfdt tg f pgssechm veghftegd g` hfw gr rmkuhftegd.9: 19

96 Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Ed`grlftegd Dmtwgrb . Smtremvmi gd 36 Gatgcmr 3?66.

93 [grhi Cfdb @edfdaefh Lfrbmt Edtmkrety. Flha`t.grk. Smtremvmi gd 36 Gatgcmr 3?66.

91 jttp>//www.èdamd.kgv/stftutmsWrmks/csf/

99 16 [email protected]. §6?6?.166 (`grlmrhy 16 [email protected]. §6?1.33)

9= 16 ].Q.A.F. §=160(f).

90 16 [email protected]. §6?6?.1=?

9; Fdtjgdy M. _frmdt. "Yjm Jeiimd Qeim tg tjm LaCreim @CFS Nuiklmdt". Smtremvmi 3?63-63-66.

9: 16 [email protected]. §6?3?.13? (`grlmrhy 16 [email protected]. §6?1.36)2 63 [email protected]. §63.66

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=. @edAMD @grl 66? Imsekdftegd g` Mxmlpt _mrsgd> Cfdbs lust èhm tjes `grl tg imsekdftm fd mxmlpt austglmr6

`gr tjm purpgsm g` AYS rmpgrtedk udimr tjm CQF.95 Ed fiietegd, cfdbs usm tjes `grl cemddefhhy (mvmry twg ymfrs) tg3

rmdmw mxmlptegds `gr mhekechm dgd-hestmi cusedmss fdi pfyrghh austglmrs.=? 1

Et fhsg rmquerms fdy cusedmss rmamevedk gdm gr lgrm rmhftmi afsj pfylmdts tgtfhedk $6?,??? gr lgrm tg èhm ESQ/@edAMD @grl9

:1??.=6 =

9.3

F``matmi trfdsfategds0

9.3.6 Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.);

Yjm AYS lust rmpgrt afsj trfdsfategds ed mxamss g` $6?,??? iuredk tjm sflm cusedmss ify. Yjm flgudt gvmr $6?,??? afd cm:

metjmr ed gdm trfdsfategd gr f aglcedftegd g` afsj trfdsfategds. Et es èhmi wetj tjm Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Qmrveam. 5

9.3.3 Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdt Hgk (L.E.H.)6?

Yjm LEH lust edieaftm afsj purajfsms g` lgdmtfry edstrulmdts, suaj fs lgdmy grimrs, afsjemr's ajmabs fdi trfvmhmr's ajmabs, 66

ed vfhum tgtfhedk $1,??? tg $6?,???, edahusevm. Yjes `grl es rmquermi tg cm bmpt gd rmagri ft tjm èdfdaefh edstetutegd, fdi63

prgiuami ft tjm rmqumst g` mxfledmrs gr fuiet tg vmre`y aglphefdam. F èdfdaefh edstetutegd lust lfedtfed f Lgdmtfry61

Edstrulmdt Hgk `gr èvm ymfrs.69

9.3.1 Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (Q.F.S.)6=

Yjm Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (Q.F.S.) lust rmpgrt fdy afsj trfdsfategd wjmrm tjm austglmr smmls tg cm tryedk tg fvgei60

C.Q.F. rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts cy dgt èhedk AYS gr LEH, `gr mxflphm. F QFS lust fhsg cm èhmi e` tjm austglmr's fategds6;

sukkmst tjft jm es hfudimredk lgdmy gr gtjmrwesm veghftedk `mimrfh areledfh hfws fdi agllettedk werm trfds`mr `rfui, ajmab6:

`rfui gr lystmregus iesfppmfrfdams. Yjm cfdb sjguhi dgt hmt tjm austglmr bdgw tjft f QFS es cmedk èhmi. Yjmsm rmpgrts frm65

èhmi wetj tjm @edfdaefh Arelms Md`gramlmdt Dmtwgrb ("@edAMD").3?

9.1 Qfdategds36

Yjmrm frm jmfvy pmdfhtems `gr edieveiufhs fdi edstetutegds tjft `feh tg èhm AYSs, LEHs, gr QFSs. Yjmrm frm fhsg pmdfhtems `gr33

f cfdb wjeaj iesahgsms tg ets ahemdt tjft et jfs èhmi f QFS fcgut tjm ahemdt. _mdfhtems edahuim jmfvy èdms fdi presgd smdtmdams.31

9.9 Jgw tjm CQF f``mats Flmreafds39

AYSs edahuim tjm edieveiufh's cfdb faagudt dulcmr, dflm, fiirmss, fdi sgaefh smaurety dulcmr . Yjm Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmr3=

es gdhy prgveimi e` tjm sucnmat JFQ gdm. E` tjm sucnmat g` tjm rmpgrt igms DGY jfvm gdm, et es f arelm tg aglpmh tjml tg30

gctfed gdm ed veghftegd g` 93 ].Q.A. §9?:(f)(:). @gr imtfehs, smm>3;

6. Qmategd 0 hftmr.3:

3. [jy Et es Ehhmkfh `gr lm tg Smqumst gr ]sm f Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmr , @grl #?9.3?=35

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 1?

QFS rmpgrts, rmquermi wjmd trfdsfategds edieaftm cmjfvegr imsekdmi tg mhuim AYSs (gr lfdy gtjmr typms g` suspeaegus16

fatevetems), edahuim sglmwjft lgrm imtfehmi ed`grlftegd fdi usufhhy edahuim edvmstekftegd m``grts gd tjm pfrt g` tjm èdfdaefh13

edstetutegd tg fssmss tjm vfheiety gr dfturm g` tjm trfdsfategds. F sedkhm AYS èhmi gr f ahemdt's faagudt es usufhhy g` dg agdamrd11

tg tjm futjgretems, wjehm luhtephm AYSs rgl vfryedk edstetutegds gr f QFS sukkmst tjft fatevety lfy cm suspeaegus. F edfdaefh19

edstetutegd es dgt fhhgwmi tg ed`grl f cusedmss gr agdsulmr tjft f QFS es cmedk èhmi, fdi fhh tjm rmpgrts lfdiftmi cy tjm1=

C.Q.F. frm mxmlpt `rgl iesahgsurm udimr tjm @rmmigl g` Ed`grlftegd Fat (@.G.E.F.).10

95 16 [email protected]. §6?1.33(i)(1)(e).

=? 16 [email protected]. §6?1.33(i)(=)(e).

=6 "_ucheaftegd 6=99 (Smv. Qmptmlcmr 3?63). Smpgrtedk Afsj _fylmdts g` Gvmr $6?,???". ESQ. 3?63-?5-36. Smtremvmi 3?61-?0-3:.

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Cusedmssms tjft imfh prelfrehy ed afsj, suaj fs cfrs fdi rmstfurfdts, afd cm mxmlptmi `rgl jfvedk tjmer impgsets fdi6

wetjirfwfhs rmpgrtmi gd AYSs, fhtjgukj tjes mxmlptegd es rfrmhy krfdtmi. Edstmfi, lgst cfdbs jfvm aglputmr systmls wjeaj3

rmtfed ed`grlftegd gd AYSs fdi fhhgw iupheaftm AYSs tg cm armftmi smflhmsshy.1

9.= Edieveiufh èhedk rmquermlmdt9

Qtftutgry ‘].Q. aetezmds“ pmr : ].Q.A. §69?6, lmfdedk puchea g`èamrs wetjed tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt fdi dgt stftm aetezmds,=

lust èhm tjm @CFS e` tjmy jfvm f èdfdaefh edtmrmst ed, gr futjgrety gvmr, `grmekd cfdb faagudts tjft jfvm fd fkkrmkftm vfhum0

g` $6?,??? ft fdy pgedt ed f ymfr.=3 Fiietegdfhhy, tjmy lust rmpgrt tjm faagudts gd Qajmiuhm C g` tjm ESQ @grl 6?9? tfx grl.;

Yjm @CFS sjguhi cm èhmi smpfrftmhy wetj tjm ].Q. Yrmfsury cy Nudm 1? g` mfaj ymfr.:

@gr mxjfustevm imtfehs gd wjy tjgsm igleaehmi wetjed f agdstetutegdfh stftm frm DGY QYFY]YGSU ‘].Q. aetezmds“, smm>5

[jy Ugu frm f ‘dftegdfh“, ‘stftm dftegdfh“, fdi Agdstetutegdfh cut dgt Qtftutgry Aetezmd, @grl #?=.??0jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl

9.0 Fiietegdfh ed`grlftegd6?

Fd mdterm ediustry jfs imvmhgpmi frgudi prgveiedk sg`twfrm tg fdfhyzm trfdsfategds ed fd fttmlpt tg eimdte`y trfdsfategds gr66

pfttmrds g` trfdsfategds afhhmi struaturedk, wjeaj rmquerms QFS èhedk. @edfdaefh edstetutegds frm sucnmat tg pmdfhtems `gr `fehedk63

tg prgpmrhy èhm AYSs fdi QFSs, suaj fs jmfvy èdms fdi rmkuhftgry rmstreategds, edahuiedk ajfrtmr rmvgaftegd.61

Yjmsm sg`twfrm fppheaftegds m``matevmhy lgdetgr austglmr trfdsfategds gd f ifehy cfses, fdi usedk f austglmr's pfst69

trfdsfategds fdi faagudt prgèhm, prgveim f "wjghm peaturm" g` tjm austglmr tg tjm cfdb lfdfkmlmdt. Yrfdsfategd lgdetgredk6=

afd edahuim afsj impgsets fdi wetjirfwfhs, werm trfds`mrs fdi Futglftmi Ahmfredk Jgusm (F.A.J.) fatevety. Ed tjm cfdbedk60

ediustry, tjmsm fppheaftegds frm bdgwd fs "CQF sg`twfrm" gr "fdte-lgdmy hfudimredk sg`twfrm".6;

9.; Dgtfchm afsms6:

Ed 655:, tjm Quprmlm Agurt ruhmi ed ]detmi Qtftms v. Cfnfbfnefd tjft tjm kgvmrdlmdt lfy dgt agdèsaftm fdy lgdmy `rgl fd65

edieveiufh `gr `fehurm tg rmpgrt et gd f ALES, fs suaj pudesjlmdt wguhi cm "krgsshy iesprgpgrtegdfh tg tjm krfvety g` Rtjm\3?

g``mdsm" fdi tjus udagdstetutegdfh udimr tjm Mxamssevm @edms ahfusm g` tjm Mekjtj Flmdilmdt. 36

Ed 3?66 tjm Gcsmrvmr rmpgrtmi tjft [fajgvef, ft gdm telm f lfngr ]Q cfdb, wfs elpheaftmi ed hfudimredk lgdmy `gr Lmxeafd33

iruk hgris, tjrgukj ets hfx hfudimredk agdtrghs, f veghftegd g` tjm Cfdb Qmarmay Fat. Et lgvmi lgdmy ed fdi gut g` afsfs im31

aflceg wetjgut prgpmr ium iehekmdam.=1 39

= _ftregt Fat Smquermlmdts3=

Yjm ]QF _FYSEGY Fat g` 3??6 es fd Fat g` Agdkrmss tjft wfs sekdmi edtg hfw cy _rmseimdt Kmgrkm [. Cusj gd Gatgcmr30

30, 3??6. Yjm tethm g` tjm fat es f tmd-hmttmr fargdyl (]QF _FYSEGY) tjft stfdis `gr ]detedk (fdi) Qtrmdktjmdedk Flmreaf3;

(cy) _rgveiedk Fpprgpreftm Ygghs Smquermi (tg) Edtmrampt (fdi) Gcstruat Ymrrgresl Fat g` 3??6.=9 Et es agllgdhy rm`mrrmi tg3:

fs tjm _ftregt Fat.35

Gd Lfy 30, 3?66, _rmseimdt Cfrfab Gcflf sekdmi tjm _FYSEGY Qudsmts Mxtmdsegd Fat g` 3?66,== f `gur-ymfr mxtmdsegd g`1?

tjrmm bmy prgvesegds ed tjm ]QF _FYSEGY Fat>=0 rgvedk wermtfps, smfrajms g` cusedmss rmagris (tjm "hecrfry rmagris16

=3 @FVs Smkfriedk Smpgrt g` @grmekd Cfdb fdi @edfdaefh Faagudts (@CFS) ‑ @ehedk Smquermlmdts2 ESQ _ucheaftegd 9306

=1 Puhhefly, Mi (3?66-?9-?3). "Jgw f cek ]Q cfdb hfudimrmi cehhegds `rgl Lmxeag's lurimrgus iruk kfdks". Yjm Gcsmrvmr . Smtremvmi 3?61-?0-3:.

=9 _uchea Hfw _uc.H. 6?; ‑ =0.

== jttp>//www.kgvtrfab.us/agdkrmss/cehhs/663/s55?#gvmrvemw .

=0 Lfy 3;, 3?66 "Gcflf Qekds Hfst-Ledutm _ftregt Fat Mxtmdsegd". @gx Dmws. Smtremvmi Lfy 3;, 3?66.

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http://www.law.cornell.edu/jureeka/index.php?doc=USPubLaws&cong=107&no=56





http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s990#overview



http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/05/27/senate-clearing-way-extend-patriot-act/%7Cdate




























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prgvesegd"), fdi agdiuatedk survmehhfdam g` "hgdm wghvms" ’ edieveiufhs suspmatmi g` tmrrgrest-rmhftmi fatevetems dgt hedbmi tg6

tmrrgrest krgups.=; 3

=.6 Imtfehs1

@rgl crgfi agdamrd mht flgdk Flmreafds rgl cgtj tjm Qmptmlcmr 66 fttfabs fdi tjm 3??6 fdtjrfx fttfabs, Agdkrmss rusjmi9

tg pfss hmkeshftegd tg strmdktjmd smaurety agdtrghs. Gd Gatgcmr 31, 3??6, Smpucheafd Smp. Nel Qmdsmdcrmddmr edtrgiuami J.S.=

1603 edagrpgrftedk prgvesegds rgl f prmvegushy spgdsgrmi Jgusm cehh fdi f Qmdftm cehh fhsg edtrgiuami mfrhemr ed tjm lgdtj.=: 0

Yjm dmxt ify gd Gatgcmr 39, 3??6, tjm Fat pfssmi tjm Jgusm 1=; tg 00,=5 wetj Imlgarfts aglpresedk tjm gvmrwjmhledk;

pgrtegd g` iessmdt. Yjm `ghhgwedk ify, gd Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6, tjm Fat pfssmi tjm Qmdftm cy 5: tg 6.0? :

Gppgdmdts g` tjm hfw jfvm areteaezmi ets futjgrezftegd g` edimèdetm imtmdtegds g` ellekrfdts2 tjm pmrlessegd kevmd hfw5

md`gramlmdt g`èamrs tg smfraj f jglm gr cusedmss wetjgut tjm gwdmr―s gr tjm gaaupfdt―s agdsmdt gr bdgwhmikm2 tjm mxpfdimi6?

usm g` Dftegdfh Qmaurety Hmttmrs, wjeaj fhhgws tjm @mimrfh Curmfu g` Edvmstekftegd (@.C.E.) tg smfraj tmhmpjgdm, m-lfeh, fdi66

èdfdaefh rmagris wetjgut f agurt grimr2 fdi tjm mxpfdimi faamss g` hfw md`gramlmdt fkmdaems tg cusedmss rmagris, edahuiedk63

hecrfry fdi èdfdaefh rmagris. Qedam ets pfssfkm, smvmrfh hmkfh ajfhhmdkms jfvm cmmd crgukjt fkfedst tjm fat, fdi @mimrfh agurts61

jfvm ruhmi tjft f dulcmr g` prgvesegds frm udagdstetutegdfh.69

Lfdy prgvesegds g` tjm fat wmrm tg sudsmt cmkeddedk Imamlcmr 16, 3??=, fpprgxelftmhy 9 ymfrs f`tmr ets pfssfkm. Ed tjm6=

lgdtjs prmamiedk tjm sudsmt iftm, suppgrtmrs g` tjm fat pusjmi tg lfbm ets sudsmttedk prgvesegds pmrlfdmdt, wjehm areteas60

sgukjt tg rmvesm vfregus smategds tg mdjfdam aeveh hecmrty prgtmategds. Ed Nuhy 3??=, tjm ].Q. Qmdftm pfssmi f rmfutjgrezftegd6;

cehh wetj sucstfdtefh ajfdkms tg smvmrfh smategds g` tjm fat, wjehm tjm Jgusm rmfutjgrezftegd cehh bmpt lgst g` tjm fat's grekedfh6:

hfdkufkm. Yjm twg cehhs wmrm tjmd rmagdaehmi ed f agd`mrmdam agllettmm tjft wfs areteaezmi cy Qmdftgrs `rgl cgtj tjm65

Smpucheafd fdi Imlgarftea pfrtems `gr ekdgredk aeveh hecmrty agdamrds.06 3?

Yjm cehh, wjeaj rmlgvmi lgst g` tjm ajfdkms `rgl tjm Qmdftm vmrsegd, pfssmi Agdkrmss gd Lfraj 3, 3??0, fdi wfs sekdmi36

edtg hfw cy _rmseimdt Kmgrkm [. Cusj gd Lfraj 5 fdi 6?, 3??0.33

=.3 Cfabkrgudi31

Yjm _FYSEGY Fat03 jfs lfim f dulcmr g` ajfdkms tg ].Q. hfw. Bmy fats ajfdkmi wmrm tjm @grmekd Edtmhhekmdam Qurvmehhfdam39

Fat g` 65;: (@EQF), tjm Mhmatrgdea Aglludeaftegds _revfay Fat g` 65:0 (MA_F), tjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Agdtrgh Fat g` 65:0 3=

fdi Cfdb Qmarmay Fat (CQF), fs wmhh fs tjm Ellekrftegd fdi Dftegdfhety Fat . Yjm Fat etsmh` aflm fcgut f`tmr tjm Qmptmlcmr30

66tj fttfabs gd Dmw Ugrb Aety fdi tjm _mdtfkgd. F`tmr tjmsm fttfabs, Agdkrmss ellmieftmhy stfrtmi wgrb gd smvmrfh prgpgsmi3;

fdtetmrrgrest cehhs, cm`grm tjm Nusteam Impfrtlmdt èdfhhy irf`tmi f cehh afhhmi tjm Fdte-Ymrrgresl Fat g` 3??6. Yjes wfs3:

edtrgiuami tg tjm Jgusm fs tjm _rgveim Fpprgpreftm Ygghs Smquermi tg Edtmrampt fdi Gcstruat Ymrrgresl (_FYSEGY) Fat g`35

3??6, fdi wfs hftmr pfssmi cy tjm Jgusm fs tjm ]detedk fdi Qtrmdktjmdedk Flmreaf (]QF) Fat (J.S. 35;=) gd Gatgcmr 63.01 1?

Et wfs tjmd edtrgiuami edtg tjm Qmdftm fs tjm ]QF Fat (Q. 6=6?)09 wjmrm f dulcmr g` flmdilmdts wmrm prgpgsmi cy Qmdftgr16

Suss @medkghi ,0= fhh g` wjeaj wmrm pfssmi. Yjm èdfh cehh, tjm ]QF _FYSEGY Fat wfs edtrgiuami edtg tjm Jgusm gd Gatgcmr13

31 fdi edagrpgrftmi J.S. 35;=, Q. 6=6? fdi lfdy g` tjm prgvesegds g` J.S. 1??9 (tjm @edfdaefh Fdte-Ymrrgresl Fat ).00 Et wfs11

vmjmlmdthy gppgsmi cy gdhy gdm Qmdftgr, Suss @medkghi , wjg wfs tjm gdhy Qmdftgr tg vgtm fkfedst tjm cehh. Qmdftgr _ftreab19

=; Lfsafrg, Hesf (Lfy 3;, 3?66). "Agdkrmss vgtms ed telm tg mxtmdi bmy _ftregt Fat prgvesegds". Hgs Fdkmhms Yelms. Smtremvmi 3?66-?=-3;.

=: "Cehh Qullfry & Qtftus 6?;tj Agdkrmss (3??6 - 3??3)J.S.1603 Lfngr Agdkrmssegdfh Fategds", tjglfs.hga.kgv Smtremvmi 3?63-?:-66.

=5 "@EDFH PGYM SMQ]HYQ @GS SGHH AFHH 15:", ahmrb.jgusm.kgv. Gat 39, 3??6. Smtremvmi 3?63-?:-66.

0? "].Q. Qmdftm Sghh Afhh Pgtms 6?;tj Agdkrmss - 6st Qmssegd ", www.smdftm.kgv. Gat 3=, 3??6. Smtremvmi 3?63-?:-66.

06 "Qf`m Fat Ag-Qpgdsgrs sfy _FYSEGY Fat Agd`mrmdam Smpgrt ]dfaamptfchm", [fsjedktgd Yelms, Dgvmlcmr =, 3??=.

03 @uhh Ymxt g` Mdrghhmi Cehh J.S. 1603, KgvYrfab.us

01 J.S. 35;=, YJGLFQ.

09 Q. 6=6?, YJGLFQ.

0= 3??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri , Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q66?3? (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6)2 3??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri , Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q66?36 (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6)2 3??6Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri , Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q66?33 (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6)2 J.S. 1603, YJGLFQ.

00 J.S. 1603.

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Sensenbrenner



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_detention



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Letters



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset_provision



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Act




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_Laundering_Control_Act



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Secrecy_Act



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11th_attacks




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Department_(US)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ_Feingold





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Leahy


http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-patriot-act-20110527,0,7749454.story



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times



http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.uscongress/legislation.107hr3162



http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2001/roll398.xml



http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=107&session=1&vote=00313



http://washingtontimes.com/news/2005/nov/17/20051117-111241-2085r/



http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h107-3162&version=enr



http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:H.R.2975:



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THOMAS



http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:S.1510:





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Record




http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?dbname=2001_record&position=all&page=S11020


































































http://sedm.org/




Hmfjy fhsg mxprmssmi sglm agdamrds.0; Jgwmvmr, lfdy pfrts wmrm smmd fs dmamssfry cy cgtj imtrfatgrs fdi suppgrtmrs.0: Yjm6

èdfh Fat edahuimi f dulcmr g` sudsmts wjeaj wmrm tg mxperm gd Imamlcmr 6=, 3??=.3

Ium tg ets agdtrgvmrsefh dfturm, f dulcmr g` cehhs - dgdm g` wjeaj wmrm pfssmi - wmrm prgpgsmi tg flmdi tjm ]QF _FYSEGY1

Fat. Yjmsm edahuimi tjm _rgtmatedk tjm Sekjts g` Edieveiufhs Fat ,05 tjm Cmdnfled @rfdbhed Yrum _ftregt Fat ,;? fdi tjm Qmaurety9

fdi @rmmigl Mdsurmi Fat (QF@M).;6 Ed hftm Nfdufry 3??1, tjm `gudimr g` tjm Amdtmr `gr _uchea Edtmkrety, Ajfrhms Hmwes,=

puchesjmi f hmfbmi irf`t agpy g` fd Filedestrftegd prgpgsfh tethmi tjm Iglmstea Qmaurety Mdjfdamlmdt Fat g` 3??1.;3 Yjes0

jekjhy agdtrgvmrsefh igaulmdt wfs queabhy iuccmi "_FYSEGY EE" gr "Qgd g` _FYSEGY" cy tjm lmief fdi grkfdezftegds;

suaj fs tjm Mhmatrgdea @rgdtemr @gudiftegd.;1 Yjm irf`t, wjeaj wfs aerauhftmi tg 6? ievesegds g` tjm Impfrtlmdt g` Nusteam,;9 :

prgpgsmi tg lfbm ùrtjmr mxtmdsevm lgieèaftegds tg mxtmdi tjm ]QF _FYSEGY Fat.;= Et wfs weimhy agdimldmi, fhtjgukj5

tjm Impfrtlmdt g` Nusteam ahfelmi tjft et wfs gdhy f irf`t fdi agdtfedmi dg ùrtjmr prgpgsfhs.;0 6?

=.1 Yethms66

=.9 Yethm EEE> Fdte-lgdmy-hfudimredk tg prmvmdt tmrrgresl63

Yethm EEE g` tjm Fat, tethmi "Edtmrdftegdfh Lgdmy Hfudimredk Fcftmlmdt fdi @edfdaefh Fdte-Ymrrgresl Fat g` 3??6," es edtmdimi61

tg `faehetftm tjm prmvmdtegd, imtmategd fdi prgsmautegd g` edtmrdftegdfh lgdmy hfudimredk fdi tjm èdfdaedk g` tmrrgresl. Et69

prelfrehy flmdis pgrtegds g` tjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Agdtrgh Fat g` 65:0 (LHAF) fdi tjm Cfdb Qmarmay Fat g` 65;? (CQF).6=

Et wfs ieveimi edtg tjrmm suctethms, wetj tjm erst imfhedk prelfrehy wetj strmdktjmdedk cfdbedk ruhms fkfedst lgdmy hfudimredk,60

mspmaefhhy gd tjm edtmrdftegdfh stfkm. Yjm smagdi fttmlpts tg elprgvm aglludeaftegd cmtwmmd hfw md`gramlmdt fkmdaems fdi6;

èdfdaefh edstetutegds, fs wmhh fs mxpfdiedk rmagri bmmpedk fdi rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts. Yjm tjeri suctethm imfhs wetj aurrmday6:

slukkhedk fdi agudtmr`metedk, edahuiedk qufiruphedk tjm lfxelul pmdfhty `gr agudtmr`metedk `grmekd aurrmday.65

Yjm èrst suctethm tekjtmdmi tjm rmagri bmmpedk rmquermlmdts `gr èdfdaefh edstetutegds, lfbedk tjml rmagri tjm fkkrmkftm3?

flgudts g` trfdsfategds prgamssmi `rgl frmfs g` tjm wgrhi wjmrm lgdmy hfudimredk es f agdamrd tg tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt. Et36

fhsg lfim edstetutegds put edtg phfam rmfsgdfchm stmps tg eimdte`y cmdmèaefh gwdmrs g` cfdb faagudts fdi tjgsm wjg frm33

futjgrezmi tg usm gr rgutm ùdis tjrgukj pfyfchm-tjrgukj faagudts.;; Yjm ].Q. Yrmfsury wfs ajfrkmi wetj `grluhftedk31

rmkuhftegds edtmdimi tg `gstmr ed`grlftegd sjfredk cmtwmmd èdfdaefh edstetutegds tg prmvmdt lgdmy-hfudimredk.;: Fhgdk wetj39

mxpfdiedk rmagri bmmpedk rmquermlmdts et put dmw rmkuhftegds edtg phfam tg lfbm et mfsemr `gr futjgretems tg eimdte`y lgdmy3=

hfudimredk fatevetems fdi tg lfbm et jfrimr `gr lgdmy hfudimrmrs tg lfsb tjmer eimdtetems.;5 E` lgdmy hfudimredk wfs30

udagvmrmi, tjm suctethm hmkeshftmi `gr tjm `gr`meturm g` fssmts g` tjgsm suspmatmi g` igedk tjm lgdmy hfudimredk.:? Ed fd m``grt3;

tg mdagurfkm edstetutegds tg tfbm stmps tjft wguhi rmiuam lgdmy hfudimredk, tjm Yrmfsury wfs kevmd futjgrety tg chgab lmrkmrs3:

g` cfdb jghiedk aglpfdems fdi cfdbs wetj gtjmr cfdbs fdi cfdb jghiedk aglpfdems tjft jfi f cfi jestgry g` prmvmdtedk35

0; 3??6 Agdkrmssegdfh Smagri , Pgh. 69;, _fkm Q6?556 (Gatgcmr 3=, 3??6).

0: "Yrust lm' nust igmsd't `hy". ]QF Ygify. Fpreh 63, 3??=. Smtremvmi Nuhy 66, 3??:. "Yjm agdsperfaems edieatlmdt iesahgsmi Yumsify g` tjrmm lmd fhrmfiyfwfetedk trefh ed Mdkhfdi es f rmledimr tjft tmrrgresl es f rmfh tjrmft, fdi lgst g` tjm hfw es dgd-agdtrgvmrsefh."2 Qtmrfdbg, Fdfstfsef (Qmptmlcmr 65, 3??1)."_FYSEGY Fat edsperms iesaussegd g` aeveh hecmrtems". Yjm _ett Dmws. Smtremvmi Nuhy 66, 3??:.2 Jfekj, Fddf (@mcrufry 61, 3??9). "Imcftm frgudi _ftregtFat edarmfsms". Dmws (Yjm Ifehy _mddsyhvfdefd). Smtremvmi Nuhy 66, 3??:.

05 GLFQ, Q.6==3.

;? J.S. 16;6, YJGLFQ.

;6 Q.6;?5, YJGLFQ.

;3 _CQ (@mcrufry ;, 3??;), Dgw wetj Cehh Lgymrs, trfdsarept.

;1 M@@ Fdfhyses g` "_ftregt EE," _rgvesegds g` tjm Iglmstea Qmaurety Mdjfdamlmdt Fat g` 3??1 , Mhmatrgdea @rgdtemr @gudiftegd. Smtremvmi Fukust 1?, 3??;.

;9 "Agdtrgh Qjmmt g` tjm "Iglmstea Qmaurety Mdjfdamlmdt Fat g` 3??1"" (_I@). Frajevmi `rgl tjm grekedfh gd Nuhy ;, 3??;.. Smtremvmi Fukust 1?, 3??;.

;= Qedkmh, Syfd (Lfraj 63, 3??1). "F Ajehhy Smspgdsm tg '_ftregt EE'". _gheteas > Hfw ([ermi Dmws). Smtremvmi Nuhy 66, 3??:.

;0 ]detmi Qtftms Impfrtlmdt g` Nusteam (@mcrufry ;, 3??;), Qtftmlmdt g` Cfrcfrf Aglstgab, Iermatgr g` _uchea F``fers.

;; ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 166.

;: ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 169.

;5 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 16;.

:? ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 163, 161, 165 & 13=.

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/

http://sedm.org/



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_True_Patriot_Act



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_and_Freedom_Ensured_Act




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Public_Integrity



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_Security_Enhancement_Act_of_2003



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_Laundering_Control_Act_of_1986



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Secrecy_Act_of_1970



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneficial_owner


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payable-through_account


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset_forfeiture



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_holding_company



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank









http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/2005-04-12-patriot-act-our_x.htm



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today



http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2003/09/19/News/Patriot.Act.Inspires.Discussion.Of.Civil.Liberties-1791796.shtml?sourcedomain=www.pittnews.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com


http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2004/02/13/News/Debate.Around.Patriot.Act.Increases-2152367.shtml?sourcedomain=www.dailypennsylvanian.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com







http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:s1552:









http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:s.01709:





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service



http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript206_full.html



http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Terrorism_militias/patriot-act-II-analysis.php






http://web.archive.org/web/20070707021138/http:/publicintegrity.org/dtaweb/downloads/Story_01_020703_Doc_2.pdf



http://www.publicintegrity.org/dtaweb/downloads/Story_01_020703_Doc_2.pdf



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Singel



http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2003/02/57636



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_News



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice



http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2003/February/03_opa_082.htm



























































http://sedm.org/




lgdmy hfudimredk. Qelehfrhy, lmrkmrs cmtwmmd edsurmi impgsetgry edstetutegds fdi dgd-edsurmi impgsetgry edstetutegds tjft6

jfvm f cfi trfab rmagri ed aglcftedk lgdmy-hfudimredk aguhi cm chgabmi.:6 3

Smstreategds wmrm phfami gd faagudts fdi `grmekd cfdbs. Et prgjecetmi sjmhh cfdbs tjft frm dgt fd f`èheftm g` f cfdb tjft jfs f1

pjyseafh prmsmdam ed tjm ].Q. gr tjft frm dgt sucnmat tg supmrvesegd cy f cfdbedk futjgrety ed f dgd-].Q. agudtry. Et fhsg9

prgjecets gr rmstreats tjm usm g` amrtfed faagudts jmhi ft èdfdaefh edstetutegds.:3 @edfdaefh edstetutegds lust dgw udimrtfbm=

stmps tg eimdte`y tjm gwdmrs g` fdy prevftmhy gwdmi cfdb gutseim tjm ].Q. wjg jfvm f agrrmspgdimdt faagudt wetj tjml, fhgdk0

wetj tjm edtmrmsts g` mfaj g` tjm gwdmrs ed tjm cfdb. Et es mxpmatmi tjft fiietegdfh sarutedy wehh cm fpphemi cy tjm ].Q. edstetutegd;

tg suaj cfdbs tg lfbm surm tjmy frm dgt mdkfkedk ed lgdmy hfudimredk. Cfdbs lust eimdte`y fhh tjm dgledfh fdi cmdmèaefh:

gwdmrs g` fdy prevftm cfdb faagudt gpmdmi fdi lfedtfedmi ed tjm ].Q. cy dgd-].Q. aetezmds. Yjmrm es fhsg fd mxpmatftegd tjft5

tjmy lust udimrtfbm mdjfdami sarutedy g` tjm faagudt e` et es gwdmi cy, gr es cmedk lfedtfedmi gd cmjfh` g`, fdy smdegr6?

pgheteafh èkurm wjmrm tjmrm es rmfsgdfchm suspeaegd g` agrruptegd.:1 Fdy impgsets lfim `rgl wetjed tjm ].Q. edtg `grmekd66

cfdbs frm dgw immlmi tg jfvm cmmd impgsetmi edtg fdy edtmrcfdb faagudt tjm `grmekd cfdb lfy jfvm ed tjm ].Q. Yjus fdy63

rmstrfededk grimr , smezurm wfrrfdt gr frrmst wfrrfdt lfy cm lfim fkfedst tjm ùdis ed tjm edtmrcfdb faagudt jmhi ft f ].Q.61

èdfdaefh edstetutegd, up tg tjm flgudt impgsetmi ed tjm faagudt ft tjm `grmekd cfdb.:9 Smstreategds wmrm phfami gd tjm usm g`69

edtmrdfh cfdb agdamdtrftegd faagudts cmafusm suaj faagudts ig dgt prgveim fd m``matevm fuiet trfeh `gr trfdsfategds, fdi tjes6=

lfy cm usmi tg `faehetftm lgdmy hfudimredk. @edfdaefh edstetutegds frm prgjecetmi `rgl fhhgwedk ahemdts tg spmaeèafhhy iermat60

tjml tg lgvm ùdis edtg, gut g`, gr tjrgukj f agdamdtrftegd faagudt, fdi tjmy frm fhsg prgjecetmi `rgl ed`grledk tjmer ahemdts6;

fcgut tjm mxestmdam g` suaj faagudts. @edfdaefh edstetutegds frm dgt fhhgwmi tg prgveim fdy ed`grlftegd tg ahemdts tjft lfy6:

eimdte`y suaj edtmrdfh faagudts.:= @edfdaefh edstetutegds frm rmquermi tg igaulmdt fdi `ghhgw lmtjgis g` eimdte`yedk wjmrm tjm65

ùdis frm `gr mfaj austglmr ed f agdamdtrftegd faagudt tjft ag-ledkhms ùdis cmhgdkedk tg gdm gr lgrm austglmrs.3?

Yjm imèdetegd g` lgdmy hfudimredk wfs mxpfdimi tg edahuim lfbedk f èdfdaefh trfdsfategd ed tjm ].Q. ed grimr tg agllet f36

veghmdt arelm2:0 tjm crecmry g` puchea g`èaefhs fdi `rfuiuhmdt imfhedk wetj puchea ùdis2 tjm slukkhedk gr ehhmkfh mxpgrt g`33

agdtrghhmi ludetegd:; fdi tjm elpgrtftegd gr credkedk ed g` fdy èrmfrl gr flludetegd dgt futjgrezmi cy tjm ].Q. Fttgrdmy31

Kmdmrfh:: fdi tjm slukkhedk g` fdy etml agdtrghhmi udimr tjm Mxpgrt Filedestrftegd Smkuhftegds.:5 Et fhsg edahuims fdy39

g``mdsm wjmrm tjm ].Q. wguhi cm gchekftmi udimr f lutufh trmfty wetj f `grmekd dftegd tg mxtrfietm f pmrsgd, gr wjmrm tjm ].Q.3=

wguhi dmmi tg suclet f afsm fkfedst f pmrsgd `gr prgsmautegd cmafusm g` tjm trmfty2 tjm elpgrt g` `fhsmhy ahfsseèmi kggis25? 30

aglputmr arelm256 fdi fdy `mhgdy veghftegd g` tjm @grmekd Fkmdts Smkestrftegd Fat g` 651: .53 Et fhsg fhhgws tjm `gr`meturm g`3;

fdy prgpmrty wetjed tjm nuresieategd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms tjft wfs kfedmi fs tjm rmsuht g` fd g``mdsm fkfedst f `grmekd dftegd3:

tjft edvghvms tjm lfdu`faturm, elpgrtftegd, sfhm, gr iestrecutegd g` f agdtrghhmi sucstfdam.51 @grmekd dftegds lfy dgw smmb tg35

jfvm f `gr`meturm gr nuiklmdt dgteèaftegd md`grami cy f iestreat agurt g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms.59 Yjes es igdm tjrgukj dmw1?

hmkeshftegd tjft spmaeèms jgw tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt lfy fpphy `gr f rmstrfededk grimr 5= tg prmsmrvm tjm fvfehfcehety g` prgpmrty16

wjeaj es sucnmat tg f `grmekd `gr`meturm gr agdèsaftegd nuiklmdt.50 Ed tfbedk edtg agdseimrftegd suaj fd fppheaftegd, mlpjfses13

:6 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13;.

:3 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 161.



:= ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13=.

:0 Flmdilmdt lfim tg 6: ].Q.A. §65=0(a)(;)(C)(ee) ’ gr sglm rmfsgd fd mxtrf pfrmdtjmses wfs edsmrtmi edtg 6: ].Q.A. §65=0(a)(;)(C)(eee), faagriedk tgAgrdmhh ]devmrsety, tjes wfs prgcfchy lestfbmdhy fiimi cy hfw lfbmrs

:; Ehhmkfh mxpgrt g` agdtrghhmi ludetegds es imèdmi ed tjm ]detmi Qtftms Ludetegds Hest, wjeaj es pfrt g` tjm Frls Mxpgrt Agdtrgh Fat (33 ].Q.A. §3;;:).

:: Qmm 6: ].Q.A. §533(h) fdi 6: ].Q.A. §53=(i).

:5 Imèdmi ed 6= [email protected] . ;1? ‑ ;;92 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 16=.

5? Imèdmi ed 6: ].Q.A. §=96.

56 Imèdmi ed 6: ].Q.A. §6?1?.

53 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 16=.

51 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13?. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A. § 5:6(F)(6)(C).

59 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 131. Flmdimi 3: ].Q.A. §390;.

5= _ursufdt tg 6: ].Q.A. §5:1(n).

50 3: ].Q.A. §390;(i)(1)(F).

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es phfami gd tjm fcehety g` f `grmekd agurt tg `ghhgw ium prgamss.5; Yjm Fat fhsg rmquerms tjm Qmarmtfry g` Yrmfsury tg tfbm fhh6

rmfsgdfchm stmps tg mdagurfkm grmekd kgvmrdlmdts lfbm et f rmquermlmdt tg edahuim tjm dflm g` tjm grekedftgr ed werm trfds`mr 3

edstruategds smdt tg tjm ]detmi Qtftms fdi gtjmr agudtrems, wetj tjm ed`grlftegd tg rmlfed wetj tjm trfds`mr `rgl ets grekedftegd1

udteh tjm pgedt g` iescursmlmdt.5: Yjm Qmarmtfry wfs fhsg grimrmi tg mdagurfkm edtmrdftegdfh aggpmrftegd ed edvmstekftegds g`9

lgdmy hfudimredk, èdfdaefh arelms, fdi tjm èdfdams g` tmrrgrest krgups.55 =

Yjm Fat fhsg edtrgiuami areledfh pmdfhtems `gr agrrupt g`èaefhigl. Fd g`èaefh gr mlphgymm g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt wjg fats0

agrrupthy ’ fs wmhh fs tjm pmrsgd wjg ediuams tjm agrrupt fat ’ ed tjm afrryedk gut g` tjmer g`èaefh iutems wehh cm èdmi cy fd;

flgudt tjft es dgt lgrm tjfd tjrmm telms tjm lgdmtfry mquevfhmdt g` tjm crecm ed qumstegd. Fhtmrdftevmhy tjmy lfy cm:

elpresgdmi `gr dgt lgrm tjfd 6= ymfrs, gr tjmy lfy cm èdmi fdi elpresgdmi. _mdfhtems fpphy tg èdfdaefh edstetutegds wjg ig5

dgt aglphy wetj fd grimr tg tmrledftm fdy agrrmspgdiedk faagudts wetjed 6? ifys g` cmedk sg grimrmi cy tjm Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh6?

gr tjm Qmarmtfry g` Yrmfsury. Yjm èdfdaefh edstetutegd afd cm èdmi $]Q6?,??? `gr mfaj ify tjm faagudt rmlfeds gpmd f`tmr66

tjm 6? ify helet jfs mxpermi.6?? 63

Yjm smagdi fddgtftegd lfim f dulcmr g` lgieèaftegds tg tjm C.Q.F. ed fd fttmlpt tg lfbm et jfrimr `gr lgdmy hfudimrmrs61

tg gpmrftm fdi mfsemr `gr hfw md`gramlmdt fdi rmkuhftgry fkmdaems tg pgheam lgdmy hfudimredk gpmrftegds. Gdm flmdilmdt69

lfim tg tjm C.Q.F. wfs tg fhhgw tjm imsekdftmi g`èamr gr fkmday wjg rmamevms suspeaegus fatevety rmpgrts tg dgte`y ].Q.6=

edtmhhekmdam fkmdaems.6?6 F dulcmr g` flmdilmdts wmrm lfim tg fiirmss essums rmhftmi tg rmagri bmmpedk fdi èdfdaefh60

rmpgrtedk. Gdm lmfsurm wfs f dmw rmquermlmdt tjft fdygdm wjg igms cusedmss èhm f rmpgrt `gr fdy aged fdi `grmekd aurrmday6;

rmamepts tjft frm gvmr ]Q$6?,??? fdi lfim et ehhmkfh tg struaturm trfdsfategds ed f lfddmr tjft mvfims tjm CQF's rmpgrtedk6:

rmquermlmdts.6?3 Yg lfbm et mfsemr `gr futjgretems tg rmkuhftm fdi edvmstekftm fdte-lgdmy hfudimredk gpmrftegds Lgdmy65

Qmrveams Cusedmssms (L.Q.C.s) ’ tjgsm wjg gpmrftm ed`grlfh vfhum trfds`mr systmls gutseim g` tjm lfedstrmfl èdfdaefh3?

systml ’ wmrm edahuimi ed tjm imèdetegd g` f èdfdaefh edstetutegd.6?1 Yjm C.Q.F. wfs flmdimi tg lfbm et lfdiftgry tg rmpgrt36

suspeaegus trfdsfategds fdi fd fttmlpt wfs lfim tg lfbm suaj rmpgrtedk mfsemr gr edfdaefh edstetutegds.6?9 @edAMD wfs lfim33

f curmfu g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Impfrtlmdt g` Yrmfsury6?= fdi tjm armftegd g` f smaurm dmtwgrb tg cm usmi cy èdfdaefh31

edstetutegds tg rmpgrt suspeaegus trfdsfategds fdi tg prgveim fhmrts g` rmhmvfdt suspeaegus fatevetems wfs grimrmi.6?0 Fhgdk wetj39

tjmsm rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts, f agdseimrfchm dulcmr g` prgvesegds rmhftm tg tjm prmvmdtegd fdi prgsmautegd g` lgdmy-3=

hfudimredk.6?; @edfdaefh edstetutegds wmrm grimrmi tg mstfchesj fdte-lgdmy hfudimredk prgkrfls fdi tjm C.Q.F. wfs flmdimi30

tg cmttmr imèdm fdte-lgdmy hfudimredk strftmky.6?: Fhsg edarmfsmi wmrm aeveh fdi areledfh pmdfhtems `gr lgdmy hfudimredk fdi3;

tjm edtrgiuategd g` pmdfhtems `gr veghftegds g` kmgkrfpjea tfrkmtedk grimrs fdi amrtfed rmagri-bmmpedk rmquermlmdts.6?5 F3:

dulcmr g` gtjmr flmdilmdts tg tjm C.Q.F. wmrm lfim tjrgukj suctethm C, edahuiedk krfdtedk tjm Cgfri g` Kgvmrdgrs g` tjm35

@mimrfh Smsmrvm Qystml pgwmr tg futjgrezm pmrsgddmh tg fat fs hfw md`gramlmdt g`èamrs tg prgtmat tjm prmlesms, krgudis,1?

prgpmrty fdi pmrsgddmh g` fdy ].Q. Dftegdfh rmsmrvm cfdb fdi fhhgwedk tjm Cgfri tg imhmkftm tjes futjgrety tg ].Q. @mimrfh16

rmsmrvm cfdb.66? Fdgtjmr lmfsurm edstruatmi ]detmi Qtftms Mxmautevm Iermatgrs g` edtmrdftegdfh èdfdaefh edstetutegds tg usm13

tjmer vgeam fdi vgtm tg suppgrt fdy agudtry tjft jfs tfbmd fategd tg suppgrt tjm ].Q.'s [fr gd Ymrrgresl. Mxmautevm Iermatgrs11

5; ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 131. Flmdimi 3: ].Q.A. §390;.

5: ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 13:.

55 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 11?.

6?? ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm F, Qma. 165.

6?6 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=0.

6?3 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 10=.


6?9 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=3, 1=9 & 10=.

6?= ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 106.

6?0 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 103.

6?; ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=3.

6?: ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 1=9.


66? ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 109.

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frm dgw rmquermi tg prgveim gdkgedk fuietedk g` iescursmlmdts lfim `rgl tjmer edstetutegds tg mdsurm tjft dg ùdis frm pfei6

tg pmrsgds wjg agllet, tjrmftmd tg agllet, gr suppgrt tmrrgresl.666 3

Yjm tjeri suctethm imfhs wetj aurrmday arelms. Hfrkmhy cmafusm g` tjm m``matevmdmss g` tjm CQF, lgdmy hfudimrs jfi cmmd1

fvgeiedk trfietegdfh edfdaefh edstetutegds tg hfudimr lgdmy fdi wmrm usedk afsj-cfsmi cusedmssms tg fvgei tjml. F dmw m``grt9

wfs lfim tg stgp tjm hfudimredk g` lgdmy tjrgukj cuhb aurrmday lgvmlmdts, lfedhy gausedk gd tjm agdèsaftegd g` areledfh=

prgammis fdi tjm edarmfsm ed pmdfhtems `gr lgdmy hfudimredk. Agdkrmss `gudi tjft f areledfh g``mdsm g` lmrmhy mvfiedk tjm0

rmpgrtedk g` lgdmy trfds`mrs wfs edsu`èaemdt fdi imaeimi tjft et wguhi cm cmttmr e` tjm slukkhedk g` tjm cuhb aurrmday etsmh`;

wfs tjm g``mdsm. Yjmrm`grm, tjm C.Q.F. wfs flmdimi tg lfbm et f areledfh g``mdsm tg mvfim aurrmday rmpgrtedk cy agdamfhedk:

lgrm tjfd ]Q$6?,??? gd fdy pmrsgd gr tjrgukj fdy hukkfkm, lmrajfdiesm gr gtjmr agdtfedmr tjft lgvms edtg gr gut g` tjm5

].Q. Yjm pmdfhty `gr suaj fd g``mdsm es up tg = ymfrs elpresgdlmdt fdi tjm `gr`meturm g` fdy prgpmrty up tg tjm flgudt tjft6?

wfs cmedk slukkhmi.663 Et fhsg lfim tjm aeveh fdi areledfh pmdfhty veghftegds g` aurrmday rmpgrtedk afsms661 cm tjm `gr`meturm66

g` fhh f im`mdifdt's prgpmrty tjft wfs edvghvmi ed tjm g``mdsm, fdi fdy prgpmrty trfamfchm tg tjm im`mdifdt.669 Yjm Fat prgjecets63

fdi pmdfhezms tjgsm wjg rud udheamdsmi lgdmy trfdslettedk cusedmssms.66= Ed 3??=, tjes prgvesegd g` tjm ]QF _FYSEGY Fat61

wfs usmi tg prgsmautm Umjuif Fcrfjfl `gr jmhpedk tg frrfdkm lgdmy trfds`mrs `gr Cretesj frls imfhmr Jmrlfdt Hfbjfde,69

wjg wfs frrmstmi ed Fukust 3??1 f`tmr cmedk afukjt ed f kgvmrdlmdt stedk. Hfbjfde jfi tremi tg smhh f lessehm tg fd @CE fkmdt6=

pgsedk fs f Qglfhe lehetfdt.660 Yjm imèdetegd g` agudtmr`metedk wfs mxpfdimi tg mdaglpfss fdfhgk, ieketfh gr mhmatrgdea elfkm60

rmprgiuategds, fdi et wfs lfim fd g``mdsm tg gwd suaj f rmprgiuategd imveam. _mdfhtems wmrm edarmfsmi tg 3? ymfrs6;

elpresgdlmdt.66; Lgdmy hfudimredk "udhfwùh fatevetems" wfs mxpfdimi tg edahuim tjm prgvesegd g` lftmrefh suppgrt gr6:

rmsgurams tg imsekdftmi `grmekd tmrrgrest grkfdezftegds.66: Yjm Fat spmaeèms tjft fdygdm wjg agllets gr agdsperms tg65

udimrtfbm f `rfuiuhmdt fatevety gutseim tjm nuresieategd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, fdi wjeaj wguhi cm fd g``mdsm ed tjm ].Q., wehh3?

cm prgsmautmi udimr 6: ].Q.A. §6?35, wjeaj imfhs wetj `rfui fdi rmhftmi fatevety ed agddmategd wetj faamss imveams.665 36

0 @mimrfh Yrfdsfategd Smpgrtedk QAFL33

[jmd ygu fttmlpt tg mxmautm f èdfdaefh trfdsfategd ft ygur hgafh cfdb, ygu wehh hebmhy ft sglm pgedt gr fdgtjmr mdagudtmr f31

setuftegd wjmrm ygu wehh cm tghi tjft ygur cfdb es rmquermi cy `mimrfh hfw tg rmpgrt ygur trfdsfategd tg tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt39

cmafusm et mxammis $1,??? ed vfhum. Yjm cfdb wehh tmhh ygu tjft tjes es f rmquermlmdt elpgsmi cy tjm Cfdb Qmarmay Fat (CQF).3=

Yjes frteahm wehh ahmfrhy sjgw tjft tjm Cfdb Qmarmay Fat, hebm tjm Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Agim, gdhy fpphems gd `mimrfh prgpmrty fdi30

edseim tjm `mimrfh zgdm fdi gdhy tg tjgsm mdkfkmi ed f "trfim gr cusedmss" wjeaj ed fhh afsms es sydgdylgus GDHU wetj f3;

puchea g`èam. Yjes frteahm wehh kevm ygu `fats fdi aetms tg prgveim tg ygur cfdb tg rmùtm tjmer mrrgdmgus ahfel tjft tjm mimrfh3:

kgvmrdlmdt jfs f rekjt wetjed tjm sgvmrmekd =? stftms tg edvfim ygur prevfay fdi rmquerm ygu tg cm f wetdmss fkfedst ygursmh`35

(ed veghftegd g` tjm @e`tj Flmdilmdt) cy rmpgrtedk ygur èdfdaefh trfdsfategds tg tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt.1?

Frteahm 6, Qmategd : g` tjm ].Q. Agdstetutegd kevms tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt twg spmaeèa pgwmrs rmhftedk tg lgdmy. Yjm16

Agdkrmss sjfhh jfvm tjm _gwmr...>13

• Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm => Yg aged Lgdmy, rmkuhftm tjm Pfhum tjmrmg`, fdi g` grmekd Aged, fdi èx tjm Qtfdifri11

g` [mekjts fdi Lmfsurms219

• Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 3> Yg cgrrgw Lgdmy gd tjm armiet g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms21=

666 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm C, Qma. 10?.

663 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;6.

661 Qg imèdmi ed 16 ].Q.A. §=161, 16 ].Q.A. §=160 fdi 16 ].Q.A. §=139.

669 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;3. Flmdimi 16 ].Q.A. §=16;(a).

66= ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;6. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A. §650?.

660 "Yjm _ftregt Fat> Nusteam Impfrtlmdt Ahfels Quaamss". Dftegdfh _uchea Sfieg. Nuhy 3?, 3??=.

66; ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;9. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A. §650?.

66: ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;0. Flmdimi 6: ].Q.A. §65=0(a)(;)(I).

665 ]QF _FYSEGY Fat (].Q. J.S. 1603, _uchea Hfw 6?;-=0), Yethm EEE, Quctethm A, Qma. 1;;.

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Yjm stftutms wjeaj imrevm `rgl tjm fcgvm pgwmrs rmhftmi tg trfdsfategd rmpgrtedk cy èdfdaefh edstetutegds frm sullfrezmi6

cmhgw. Ugu wehh dgtm tjft tjmsm rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts mxammi tjm pgwmrs krfdtmi mxpheaethy ed tjm agdstetutegd tg tjm ].Q.3

kgvmrdlmdt fdi frm tjmrm`grm qumstegdfchm ed tjmer imhmkftmi futjgrety `rgl tjm cmkeddedk>1

• Yethm 16 Lgdmy Lgdmy fdi @edfdam, Ajfptmr 1=, Qucajfptmr EE> Smagris fdi Smpgrts gd Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts fdi9

Yrfdsfategds =

• 16 ].Q.A. Qma. =161. - Smpgrts gd iglmstea ageds fdi aurrmday trfdsfategds 0

•

16 ].Q.A. Qma. =169. - Smagris fdi rmpgrts gd `grmekd èdfdaefh fkmday trfdsfategds ;• 16 ].Q.A. Qma. =16=. - Smpgrts gd `grmekd aurrmday trfdsfategds :

• 16 ].Q.A. Qma. =13=. - Eimdteèaftegd rmquermi tg purajfsm amrtfed lgdmtfry edstrulmdts 5

• 16 ].Q.A. Qma. =130. - Smagris g` amrtfed iglmstea aged fdi aurrmday trfdsfategds 6?

[etj fhh g` tjm fcgvm ed ledi, dgw hmts mxfledm tjm nuresieategd g` tjm `mimrfh agurts tg md`gram tjmsm hfws wetjed f66

agdstetutegdfh stftm g` tjm ]degd. 9? ].Q.A. §§1666 fdi 1663 frm tjm lmtjgi cy wjeaj tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt faquerms63

hmkeshftevm nuresieategd gvmr spmaeèa hfdi tjft es DGY `mimrfh tmrretgry gr wjeaj es amimi tg et. ]dteh suaj nuresiuategd es61

faamptmi ED [SEYEDK, et es prmsulmi tg DGY mxest. Mfrhemr vmrsegds g` tjmsm twg smategds stftmi tjm trutj phfedhy gd tjes69

sucnmat fs `ghhgws cut hftmr vmrsegds wmrm gcùsaftmi tg agdamfh tjes rmfhety.6=

YEYHM 9? 4 AJF_YMS 1 4 Qma. 3==.60

Qma. 3==. - Fpprgvfh g` tethm pregr tg @mimrfh hfdi purajfsms2 pfylmdt g` tethm mxpmdsms2 fppheaftegd tg Ymddmssmm6;

Pfhhmy Futjgrety2 @mimrfh nuresieategd gvmr faquesetegds6:

]dhmss tjm Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh kevms pregr wrettmd fpprgvfh g` tjm su`èaemday g` tjm tethm tg hfdi gr tjm purpgsm gr65

wjeaj tjm prgpmrty es cmedk faquermi cy tjm ]detmi Qtftms, puchea lgdmy lfy dgt cm mxpmdimi `gr tjm purajfsm3?

g` tjm hfdi gr fdy edtmrmst tjmrmed.36

Yjm Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh lfy imhmkftm jes rmspgdsecehety udimr tjes smategd tg gtjmr impfrtlmdts fdi fkmdaems,33

sucnmat tg jes kmdmrfh supmrvesegd fdi ed faagrifdam wetj rmkuhftegds prgluhkftmi cy jel.31

Fdy @mimrfh impfrtlmdt gr fkmday wjeaj jfs cmmd imhmkftmi tjm rmspgdsecehety tg fpprgvm hfdi tethms udimr tjes39

smategd lfy rmqumst tjm Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh tg rmdimr jes gpedegd fs tg tjm vfheiety g` tjm tethm tg fdy rmfh prgpmrty3=

gr edtmrmst tjmrmed, gr lfy rmqumst tjm fiveam gr fssestfdam g` tjm Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh ed agddmategd wetj30

imtmrledftegds fs tg tjm su`èaemday g` tethms.3;

Mxampt wjmrm gtjmrwesm futjgrezmi cy hfw gr prgveimi cy agdtrfat, tjm mxpmdsms g` prgauredk amrteèaftms g` tethms3:

gr gtjmr mveimdams g` tethm fs tjm Fttgrdmy Kmdmrfh lfy rmquerm lfy cm pfei gut g` tjm fpprgpreftegds `gr tjm35

faquesetegd g` hfdi gr gut g` tjm fpprgpreftegds lfim gr tjm agdtedkmdaems g` tjm faqueredk impfrtlmdt gr fkmday.1?

Yjm grmkgedk prgvesegds g` tjes smategd sjfhh dgt cm agdstrumi tg f``mat ed fdy lfddmr fdy mxestedk prgvesegds g`16

hfw wjeaj frm fppheafchm tg tjm faquesetegd g` hfdis gr edtmrmsts ed hfdi cy tjm Ymddmssmm Pfhhmy Futjgrety.13

Dgtwetjstfdiedk fdy gtjmr prgvesegd g` hfw, tjm gctfededk g` mxahusevm nuresieategd ed tjm ]detmi Qtftms gvmr hfdis11

gr edtmrmsts tjmrmed wjeaj jfvm cmmd gr sjfhh jmrmf`tmr cm faquermi cy et sjfhh dgt cm rmquermi2 cut tjm jmfi gr19

gtjmr futjgrezmi g`èamr g` fdy impfrtlmdt gr edimpmdimdt mstfchesjlmdt gr fkmday g` tjm Kgvmrdlmdt lfy, ed1=

suaj afsms fdi ft suaj telms fs jm lfy imml imserfchm, faampt gr smaurm `rgl tjm Qtftm ed wjeaj fdy hfdis gr10

edtmrmsts tjmrmed udimr jes ellmieftm nuresieategd, austgiy, gr agdtrgh frm setuftmi, agdsmdt tg gr amssegd g` suaj1;

nuresieategd, mxahusevm gr pfrtefh, dgt tjmrmtg`grm gctfedmi, gvmr fdy suaj hfdis gr edtmrmsts fs jm lfy imml1:

imserfchm fdi edieaftm faamptfdam g` suaj nuresieategd gd cmjfh` g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms cy èhedk f dgteam g` suaj15

faamptfdam wetj tjm Kgvmrdgr g` suaj Qtftm gr ed suaj gtjmr lfddmr fs lfy cm prmsarecmi cy tjm hfws g` tjm Qtftm9?

wjmrm suaj hfdis frm setuftmi. ]dhmss fdi udteh tjm ]detmi Qtftms jfs faamptmi nuresieategd gvmr hfdis jmrmf`tmr96

tg cm faquermi fs f grmsfei, et sjfhh cm agdahusevmhy prmsulmi tjft dg suaj nuresieategd jfs cmmd faamptmi 93

Dgw e` wm hggb ft tjm imèdetegd g` "Qtftm" wetjed tjm agdtmxt g` tjm nuresieategd g` tjm `mimrfh agurts, wm èdi tjm `ghhgwedk91

ed 3: ].Q.A. §6113(i)> 99

YEYHM 3: 4 _FSY EP 4 AJF_YMS := 4 Qma. 6113.9=

Qma. 6113. - Ievmrsety g` aetezmdsjep2 flgudt ed agdtrgvmrsy2 agsts90

(f) Yjm iestreat agurts sjfhh jfvm grekedfh nuresieategd g` fhh aeveh fategds wjmrm tjm lfttmr ed agdtrgvmrsy mxammis9;

tjm sul gr vfhum g` $;=,???, mxahusevm g` edtmrmst fdi agsts, fdi es cmtwmmd -9:

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(6) aetezmds g` ie``mrmdt Qtftms26

(3) aetezmds g` f Qtftm fdi aetezmds gr sucnmats g` f `grmekd stftm23

(1) aetezmds g` ie``mrmdt Qtftms fdi ed wjeaj aetezmds gr sucnmats g` f `grmekd stftm frm fiietegdfh pfrtems2 fdi1

(9) f grmekd stftm, imèdmi ed smategd 60?1(f) g` tjes tethm, fs phfedte`` fdi aetezmds g` f Qtftm gr g` ie``mrmdt Qtftms.9

@gr tjm purpgsms g` tjes smategd, smategd 611=, fdi smategd 6996, fd fhemd filettmi tg tjm ]detmi Qtftms `gr=

pmrlfdmdt rmseimdam sjfhh cm immlmi f aetezmd g` tjm Qtftm ed wjeaj suaj fhemd es igleaehmi.0

(c) Mxampt wjmd mxprmss prgvesegd tjmrm`gr es gtjmrwesm lfim ed f stftutm g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms, wjmrm tjm phfedte``;

wjg èhms tjm afsm grekedfhhy ed tjm @mimrfh agurts es èdfhhy finuikmi tg cm mdtethmi tg rmagvmr hmss tjfd tjm sul:

gr vfhum g` $;=,???, aglputmi wetjgut rmkfri tg fdy smtg`` gr agudtmrahfel tg wjeaj tjm im`mdifdt lfy cm5

finuikmi tg cm mdtethmi, fdi mxahusevm g` edtmrmst fdi agsts, tjm iestreat agurt lfy imdy agsts tg tjm phfedte`` fdi,6?

ed fiietegd, lfy elpgsm agsts gd tjm phfedte``.66

(a) @gr tjm purpgsms g` tjes smategd fdi smategd 6996 g` tjes tethm -63

(6) f agrpgrftegd sjfhh cm immlmi tg cm f aetezmd g` fdy Qtftm cy wjeaj et jfs cmmd edagrpgrftmi fdi g` tjm Qtftm61

wjmrm et jfs ets predaepfh phfam g` cusedmss, mxampt tjft ed fdy iermat fategd fkfedst tjm edsurmr g` f pgheay gr69

agdtrfat g` hefcehety edsurfdam, wjmtjmr edagrpgrftmi gr udedagrpgrftmi, tg wjeaj fategd tjm edsurmi es dgt ngedmi6=

fs f pfrty-im`mdifdt, suaj edsurmr sjfhh cm immlmi f aetezmd g` tjm Qtftm g` wjeaj tjm edsurmi es f aetezmd, fs wmhh60

fs g` fdy Qtftm cy wjeaj tjm edsurmr jfs cmmd edagrpgrftmi fdi g` tjm Qtftm wjmrm et jfs ets predaepfh phfam g`6;

cusedmss2 fdi6:

(3) tjm hmkfh rmprmsmdtftevm g` tjm mstftm g` f imamimdt sjfhh cm immlmi tg cm f aetezmd gdhy g` tjm sflm Qtftm fs65

tjm imamimdt, fdi tjm hmkfh rmprmsmdtftevm g` fd ed`fdt gr edaglpmtmdt sjfhh cm immlmi tg cm f aetezmd gdhy g` tjm3?

sflm Qtftm fs tjm ed`fdt gr edaglpmtmdt.36

(i) Yjm wgri ''Qtftms'', fs usmi ed tjes smategd, edahuims tjm Ymrretgrems, tjm Iestreat g` Aghulcef, fdi tjm33

Agllgdwmfhtj g` _umrtg Seag 31

Dgtm ed tjm fcgvm tjft tjm sgvmrmekd =? stftms g` tjm udegd g` stftms frm dgt "Qtftms" fs imèdmi fcgvm, tjmy frm "`grmekd stftms".39

Hmt's mxfledm tjes "`grmekd stftm" agdampt ùrtjmr. [jft `ghhgws es f imèdetegd g` tjm tmrl "`grmekd stftm" rekjt gut g` Yethm3=

3:, wjeaj es tjm tethm tjft rmkuhftms tjm futjgrety g` tjm Nuieaefry. [m jfvm cghi`fam udimrhedmi tjm pgrtegd g` tjm aetm tjft30

sjgws tjft sgvmrmekd stftms g` tjm udegd g` stftms frm "`grmekd stftms">3;

YEYHM 3: 4 _FSY EP 4 AJF_YMS 5; 4 Qma. 60?1.3:

Qma. 60?1. - Imèdetegds35

@gr purpgsms g` tjes ajfptmr -1?

(f) F ''`grmekd stftm'', mxampt fs usmi ed smategd 60?: g` tjes tethm, edahuims f pgheteafh sucievesegd g` f `grmekd16

stftm gr fd fkmday gr edstrulmdtfhety g` f `grmekd stftm fs imèdmi ed sucsmategd (c). 13

(c) Fd ''fkmday gr edstrulmdtfhety g` f grmekd stftm'' lmfds fdy mdtety - 11

(6) wjeaj es f smpfrftm hmkfh pmrsgd, agrpgrftm gr gtjmrwesm, fdi19

(3) wjeaj es fd grkfd g` f `grmekd stftm gr pgheteafh sucievesegd tjmrmg`, gr f lfngrety g` wjgsm sjfrms gr gtjmr1=

gwdmrsjep edtmrmst es gwdmi cy f `grmekd stftm gr pgheteafh sucievesegd tjmrmg`, fdi10

(1) wjeaj es dmetjmr f aetezmd g` f Qtftm g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms fs imèdmi ed smategd 6113 (a) fdi (i) g` tjes tethm,1;

dgr armftmi udimr tjm hfws g` fdy tjeri agudtry. 1:

(a) Yjm '']detmi Qtftms'' edahuims fhh tmrretgry fdi wftmrs, agdtedmdtfh gr edsuhfr, sucnmat tg tjm nuresieategd g`15

tjm ]detmi Qtftms . 9?

Yjm `mimrfh agurts tjmrm`grm jfvm dg nuresieategd edseim g` "`grmekd stftms" imèdmi fcgvm, wjeaj lmfds ed tjm =? stftms fdi96

gutseim tjm `mimrfh zgdm, udhmss tjm pfrtems gd cgtj seims g` tjm iesputm lmmt tjm nuresieategdfh rmquermlmdts g` 3: ].Q.A.93

§6113. Yjmsm agdahusegds frm agdsestmdt wetj Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 6; g` tjm Agdstetutegd, wjeaj kevms mxahusevm91

hmkeshftevm nuresieategd tg tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt gdhy wetjed tjm Iestreat g` Aghulcef fdi frmfs wetjed tjm "`grmekd stftms",99

tjft es tjm =? stftms, spmaeèafhhy amimi cy tjm rmspmatevm stftm kgvmrdlmdt tg tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt.9=

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Gdam wm udimrstfdi tjm nuresieategdfh heletftegds g` tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt, tjmd wm afd mxfledm fhh `mimrfh hmkeshftegd et6

pfssms wetj tjm fssulptegd tjft et gdhy fpphems wetjed tjes heletmi nuresieategd, udhmss f agdtrfry edtmdt es ahmfrhy3

aglludeaftmi>1

‘F afdgd g` agdstruategd wjeaj tmfajms tjft g` Agdkrmss, udhmss f agdtrfry edtmdt fppmfrs, es lmfdt tg fpphy9

gdhy wetjed tjm tmrretgrefh nuresieategd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms.“ =

R].Q. v. Qpmhfr, 11: ].Q. 36; ft 333 (6595)\0

E` fhh tjft esd't mdgukj `gr ygu, agdseimr tjft tjmrm frm gdhy twg typms g` aurrmday trfdsfategds tjft frm rmpgrtfchm udimr Yethm;

16 g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Agim fdi cgtj edvghvm QYFY]YGSU ‘pmrsgds“ mdkfkmi ed f QYFY]YGSU "trfim gr cusedmss" ed:

tjm QYFY]YGSU ‘]detmi Qtftms“ (kgvmrdlmdt). Yjm QYFY]YGSU tmrl "trfim gr cusedmss" fs usmi ed Yethm 16 g` tjm ].Q.5

Agim jfs mxfathy tjm sflm lmfdedk fs tjft usmi ed tjm Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Agim (ESA)>6?

Yethm 16> Lgdmy fdi @edfdam> Yrmfsury66

_FSY 6?1 ’ @EDFDAEFH SMAGSIBMM_EDK FDI SM_GSYEDK G@ A]SSMDAU FDI @GSMEKD63

YSFDQFAYEGDQ 61

Qucpfrt C ’ Smpgrts Smquermi Yg Cm Lfim 69

§ 6?1.1? Smpgrts rmhftedk tg aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss. 6=

(66) Yrfim gr cusedmss. Yjm tmrl trfim gr cusedmss jfs tjm sflm lmfdedk fs udimr smategd 603 g` tethm 30 , ]detmi60

Qtftms Agim.6;

Yjm Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Agim, 30 ].Q.A. §603 tjmd imèdms "trfim gr cusedmss" cy cuehiedk gd tjm imèdetegd `gudi ed 30 ].Q.A.6:

;;?6(f)(30), wjeaj es gdhy tjm "ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam">65

30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30)3?

"Yjm tmrl 'trfim gr cusedmss' edahuims t jm pmr`grlfdam g` tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam."36

Cmhgw frm tjm gdhy twg typms g` aurrmday trfdsfategds tjft rmquerm rmpgrtedk udimr Yethm 16 g` tjm ].Q. Agim>33

6. Yrfdsfategds edvghvedk f pmrsgd mdkfkmi ed f "trfim gr cusedmss". Qmm 16 [email protected]. §6?1.1?(i)(3). [jeaj sfys>31

16 [email protected]. §6?1.1?(i)(3) Kmdmrfh 39

(3) Smamept g` aurrmday dgt ed tjm agursm g` tjm rmaepemdt's trfim gr cusedmss. Yjm rmamept g` aurrmday ed mxamss3=

g` $6?,??? cy f pmrsgd gtjmr tjfd ed tjm agursm g` tjm pmrsgd's trfim gr cusedmss es dgt rmpgrtfchm udimr 1630

].Q.A. =116.3;

3. Yrfdsfategds edvghvedk f pmrsgd mdkfkmi ed f "dgd-èdfdaefh trfim gr cusedmss". Yjmsm trfdsfategds frm f sucsmt g`3:

tjgsm edvghvedk f "trfim gr cusedmss" fcgvm. Qmm 16 ].Q.A. §=116 cmhgw `gr tjm gdhy typms g` rmpgrtfchm35

"dgdèdfdaefh trfim gr cusedmss" fatevety. Dgteam tjft èdfdaefh fatevety dgt fssgaeftmi wetj f "trfim gr cusedmss" es dgt1?

edahuimi>16

YEYHM 16 4 Q]CYEYHM EP 4 AJF_YMS =1 4 Q]CAJF_YMS EE 4 § =11613

§ =116. Smpgrts rmhftedk tg ageds fdi aurrmday rmamevmi ed dgdèdfdaefh trfim gr cusedmss 11

(f) Aged fdi Aurrmday Smamepts g` Lgrm Yjfd $6?,???. ’ Fdy pmrsgd ’ 19

(6) wjg es mdkfkmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss2 fdi1=

(3) wjg, ed tjm agursm g` suaj trfim gr cusedmss, rmamevms lgrm tjfd $6?,??? ed ageds gr aurrmday ed 610

trfdsfategd (gr 3 gr lgrm rmhftmi trfdsfategds),1;

sjfhh ehm f rmpgrt imsarecmi ed sucsmategd (c) wetj rmspmat tg suaj trfdsfategd (gr rmhftmi trfdsfategds) wetj tjm1:

@edfdaefh Arelms Md`gramlmdt Dmtwgrb ft suaj telm fdi ed suaj lfddmr fs tjm Qmarmtfry lfy, cy rmkuhftegd,15

prmsarecm.9?

Cgtj g` tjm fcgvm jfvm fs f prmrmquesetm f "trfim gr cusedmss". Yjm tmrl "dgdèdfdaefh trfim gr cusedmss" es cfsmi gd tjm tmrl96

"trfim gr cusedmss" imèdmi mfrhemr fs `ghhgws>93

YEYHM 16 4 Q]CYEYHM EP 4 AJF_YMS =1 4 Q]CAJF_YMS EE 4 § =16391

§ =163. Imèdetegds fdi fppheaftegd 99

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(9) Dgdèdfdaefh trfim gr cusedmss. ’ Yjm tmrl ‘dgdèdfdaefh trfim gr cusedmss“ lmfds fdy trfim gr cusedmss 6

gtjmr tjfd f èdfdaefh edstetutegd tjft es sucnmat tg tjm rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts g` smategd =161 fdi rmkuhftegds3

prmsarecmi udimr suaj smategd. 1

Agdsmqumdthy, tjm gdhy pmgphm wjg fdy èdfdaefh edstetutegds [EYJED tjm `mimrfh zgdm lust lfbm fdy bedi g` aurrmday9

rmpgrt `gr es fd mhmatmi gr fppgedtmi g`èamr g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Kgvmrdlmdt, wjeaj es wjft f "puchea g`èam" es. @edfdaefh=

edstetutegds dgt wetjed tjm `mimrfh zgdm dmmi dgt lfbm fdy aurrmday trfdsfategd rmpgrts ft fhh, mvmd e` tjmy frm imfhedk wetj0

mhmatmi gr fppgedtmi g`èamrs g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms kgvmrdlmdt!;

Fs f rmsuht g` tjm fdfhyses fcgvm, e` ygu frm agdiuatedk f trfdsfategd tjft ygur edfdaefh edstetutegd tjedbs dmmis tg cm rmpgrtmi,:

phmfsm imlfdi prgg` `rgl tjml tjft ygu frm mdkfkmi ed f "trfim gr cusedmss" @ESQY, fdi sjgw tjml tjm imèdetegd g` "trfim5

gr cusedmss" cm`grm tjmy fdswmr tjm qumstegd. Fs f lfttmr g` `fat, sjgw tjml tjes frteahm fdi fsb tjml tg rmcut et!6?

E` ygu wguhi hebm tg hmfrd lgrm fcgut tjm PMSU HELEYMI nuresieategd g` `mimrfh agurts wetjed agdstetutegdfh stftms g` tjm66

]degd, smm>63

6. @mimrfh Nuresieategd, @grl #?=.?6:61

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 69

3. @mimrfh Md`gramlmdt Futjgrety wetjed Qtftms g` tjm ]degd, @grl #?=.?136=


1. Ajfhhmdkedk @mimrfh Nuresieategd, @grl #63.?6?6;

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 6:

9. Futjgretems gd Nuresieategd g` @mimrfh Agurts, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep65

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/HfwFdiKgvt/AjfhhNuresieategd/FutjgretemsFrteahm/FutjGdNuresieategd.jtl3?

; Futjgretems gd Aglpmhhmi gr Lfdiftgry ]sm g` QQDs/YEDs36

Yjm `ghhgwedk sucsmategds wehh prgveim futjgretems gd tjm aglpmhhmi usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs fdi Yfxpfymr33

Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmrs. @gr ùrtjmr imtfehs gd tjes sucnmat, smm>31

Fcgut QQDs fdi YEDs gd Kgvmrdlmdt @grls fdi Agrrmspgdimdam, @grl #?=.?63jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl

;.6 Aglpmhhmi usm `grceiimd cy _revfay Fat39

Yjm _revfay Fat `grceis aglpmhhmi usm g` QQDs. Yjgsm imlfdiedk dulcmrs lust iesahgsm CGYJ wjmtjmr tjm iesahgsurm es3=

LFDIFYGSU gr PGH]DYFSU, fdi tjm stftutm tjft lfbms et lfdiftgry ED UG]S AFQM fdi cfsmi gd UG]S Q_MAE@EA30

QYFY]Q>3;

Iesahgsurm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmr3:

Qmategd ; g` _uc. H. 51 ‑ =;5 prgveimi tjft>35

"(f)(6) Et sjfhh cm udhfwùh gr fdy @mimrfh, Qtftm gr hgafh kgvmrdlmdt fkmday tg imdy tg fdy edieveiufh fdy rekjt,1?

cmdmèt, gr prevehmkm prgveimi cy hfw cmafusm g` suaj edieveiufh's rmùsfh tg iesahgsm jes sgaefh smaurety faagudt16

dulcmr. "13

(3) tjm RYjm\ prgvesegds g` pfrfkrfpj (6) g` tjes sucsmategd sjfhh dgt fpphy wetj rmspmat tg ’ "11

(F) fdy iesahgsurm wjeaj es rmquermi cy @mimrfh stftutm, gr "19

(C) tjm iesahgsurm g` f sgaefh smaurety dulcmr tg fdy @mimrfh, Qtftm, gr hgafh fkmday lfedtfededk f systml g`1=

rmagris ed mxestmdam fdi gpmrftedk cm`grm Nfdufry 6, 65;=, e` suaj iesahgsurm wfs rmquermi udimr stftutm gr10

rmkuhftegd figptmi pregr tg suaj iftm tg vmre`y tjm eimdtety g` fd edieveiufh. "1;

(c) Fdy @mimrfh, Qtftm, gr hgafh kgvmrdlmdt fkmday wjeaj rmqumsts fd edieveiufh tg iesahgsm jes sgaefh smaurety1:

faagudt dulcmr sjfhh ed`grl tjft edieveiufh wjmtjmr tjft iesahgsurm es lfdiftgry gr vghudtfry, cy wjft stftutgry15

gr gtjmr futjgrety suaj dulcmr es sgheaetmi, fdi wjft usms wehh cm lfim g` et."9?

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RQG]SAM> = ].Q.A. §==3f Hmkeshftevm Dgtms,6

jttp>//www.hfw.agrdmhh.miu/usagim/jtlh/usagim?=/usaWsmaW?=W?????==3---f???-dgtms.jtlh 3

;.3 Curimd g` _rgg` gd Yjgsm Aglpmhhedk ]sm1

= ].Q.A. §==3f Hmkeshftevm Dgtms fdi Qmategd ;(c) g` tjm _revfay Fat, _uc.H. 51-=;5 prgveim tjft tjgsm imlfdiedk9

kgvmrdlmdt eimdte`yedk dulcmrs L]QY lmmt tjm `ghhgwedk curimd g` prgg`>=

(c) Fdy @mimrfh, Qtftm, gr hgafh kgvmrdlmdt fkmday wjeaj rmqumsts fd edieveiufh tg iesahgsm jes sgaefh smaurety0

faagudt dulcmr sjfhh ed`grl tjft edieveiufh wjmtjmr tjft iesahgsurm es lfdiftgry gr vghudtfry, cy wjft;

stftutgry gr gtjmr futjgrety suaj dulcmr es sgheaetmi, fdi wjft usms wehh cm lfim g` et.":

RQG]SAM> = ].Q.A. §==3f Hmkeshftevm Dgtms fdi Qmategd ;(c) g` tjm _revfay Fat, _uc.H. 51-=;5,5

jttp>//www.hfw.agrdmhh.miu/usagim/jtlh/usagim?=/usaWsmaW?=W?????==3---f???-dgtms.jtlh 6?

Elpheaet ed tjm fcgvm rmquermlmdt es tjft>66

6. Ugu lust cm f stftutgry ‘tfxpfymr“ sucnmat tg tjm prgvesegd g` tjm E.S.A. aetmi. E` ygu frm DGY f stftutgry ‘tfxpfymr“ 63

pmr 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(69), tjmd dg prgvesegd g` tjm E.S.A. fpphems tg ygu, edahuiedk 30 ].Q.A. §§0?15 gr 0?15M.61

‘Smvmdum Hfws rmhftm tg tfxpfymrs Rg`èamrs, mlphgymms, fdi mhmatmi g`èaefhs g` tjm @mimrfh69

Kgvmrdlmdt\ fdi dgt tg dgd-tfxpfymrs RFlmreafd Aetezmds/Flmreafd Dftegdfhs dgt sucnmat tg tjm6=

mxahusevm nuresieategd g tjm @mimrfh Kgvmrdlmdt\. Yjm hfttmr frm wetjgut tjmer sagpm. Dg prgamiurms60

frm prmsarecmi `gr dgd-tfxpfymrs fdi dg fttmlpt es lfim tg fdduh fdy g` tjmer Sekjts gr Smlmiems ed6;

ium agursm g` hfw. [etj tjmlRdgd-tfxpfymrs\ Agdkrmss igms dgt fssulm tg imfh fdi tjmy frm dmetjmr6:

g` tjm sucnmat dgr g` tjm gcnmat g` `mimrfh rmvmdum hfws.“ 65

RMagdgly _hulcedk & Jmftedk v. ].Q., 9;? @3i. =:= (65;3)\3?

3. Ugu lust jfvm tjm stftutgry QYFY]Q fssgaeftmi wetj tjm rmquermlmdt. @gr edstfdam, 30 [email protected]. §1?6.06?5-6 imsarecms36

gdhy stftutgry ‘].Q. pmrsgds“ pmr 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(1?) fdi ‘dgdrmseimdt fhemd edieveiufhs“ mdkfkmi ed tjm ‘trfim gr33

cusedmss“ `rfdajesm. E` ygu frm dmetjmr f ‘].Q. pmrsgd“ dgr f ‘dgdrmseimdt fhemd edieveiufh“, tjmd tjes prgvesegd fhsg31

igms dgt lfdiftm iesahgsurm g` fdy dulcmr. Mxflphm> F ‘dgdrmseimdt fhemd“ DGD-edieveiufh.39

1. Yjm ahmrb faamptedk tjm `grl afddgt hfwùhhy rmprmsmdt ygu gr lfbm hmkfh imtmrledftegds fcgut ygur stftus. Yjmy lust3=

faampt wjftmvmr ygu tmhh tjml ygu frm gd tjm kgvmrdlmdt `grl fdi dgt ajfhhmdkm gr qumstegd et. E` tjmy ig, tjmy frm>30

1.6. _rfateaedk hfw gd ygur cmjfh` wetjgut ygur agdsmdt.3;

1.3. ]dhfwùhhy mxammiedk tjmer imhmkftmi futjgrety.3:

1.1. Agllettedk tjm arelm g` tflpmredk wetj f `mimrfh wetdmss pmr 6: ].Q.A. §6=63, fdi mspmaefhhy e` tjmy tjrmftmd35

ygu e` ygu ig dgt faampt tjm stftus tjmy edsest gd.1?

;.1 _mdfhtems `gr aglpmhhmi usm16

= ].Q.A. §==3f(k)(9) prgveims `gr f pmdfhty g` f ledelul g` $6,??? `gr aglpmhhmi usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs>13

= ].Q.A. §==3f(k)(9)11

(9) Ed fdy suet crgukjt udimr tjm prgvesegds g` sucsmategd (k)(6)(A ) gr (I) g` tjes smategd ed wjeaj tjm agurt19

imtmrledms tjft tjm fkmday fatmi ed f lfddmr wjeaj wfs edtmdtegdfh gr wehhùh, tjm ]detmi Qtftms sjfhh cm hefchm1=

tg tjm edieveiufh ed fd flgudt mqufh tg tjm sul g` ’ 10

(F) fatufh iflfkms sustfedmi cy tjm edieveiufh fs f rmsuht g` tjm rmùsfh gr `fehurm, cut ed dg afsm sjfhh f pmrsgd1;

mdtethmi tg rmagvmry rmamevm hmss tjfd tjm sul g` $6,???2 fdi1:

(C) tjm agsts g` tjm fategd tgkmtjmr wetj rmfsgdfchm fttgrdmy `mms fs imtmrledmi cy tjm agurt."15

RQG]SAM> jttp>//www.hfw.agrdmhh.miu/usagim/jtlh/usagim?=/usaWsmaW?=W?????==3---f???-.jtlh 9?

@gr fiietegdfh ed`grlftegd, rmfi Igm v. Ajfg, =9? ].Q. 069 (3??9)>96

jttp>//md.webepmief.grk/webe/IgmWv.WAjfg 93

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http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode05/usc_sec_05_00000552---a000-notes.html




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;.9 [jmd es et lfdiftgry udimr tjm E.S.A. tg prgveim kgvmrdlmdt essumi dulcmrs76

30 [email protected]. §1?6.06?5-6( c) es tjm gdhy prgvesegd g` hfw wjeaj mxprmsshy rmquerms tjm usm g` Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmrs.3

Et sfys gd tjm rmquermlmdt tg usm suaj dulcmrs tjm `ghhgwedk>1

30 [email protected]. §1?6.06?5-6(c) 9

(c) Smquermlmdt tg urdesj gdm's gwd dulcmr ’ =

(6) ].Q. pmrsgds.0

Mvmry ].Q. pmrsgd wjg lfbms udimr tjes tethm f rmturd, stftmlmdt, gr gtjmr igaulmdt lust urdesj ets gwd tfxpfymr;

eimdte`yedk dulcmr fs rmquermi cy tjm grls fdi tjm faaglpfdyedk edstruategds.:

(3) @grmekd pmrsgds.5

Yjm prgvesegds g` pfrfkrfpj (c)(6) g` tjes smategd rmkfriedk tjm ùrdesjedk g` gdm's gwd dulcmr sjfhh fpphy tg6?

tjm `ghhgwedk grmekd pmrsgds--66

63

(e) F `grmekd pmrsgd tjft jfs edaglm m``matevmhy agddmatmi wetj tjm agdiuat g` f ].Q. trfim gr cusedmss ft fdy61

telm iuredk tjm tfxfchm ymfr269

(ee) F `grmekd pmrsgd tjft jfs f ].Q. g`èam gr phfam g` cusedmss gr f ].Q. èsafh gr pfyedk fkmdt ft fdy telm6=

iuredk tjm tfxfchm ymfr260

(eee) F dgdrmseimdt fhemd trmftmi fs f rmseimdt udimr smategd 0?61(k) gr (j)26;(ev) F `grmekd pmrsgd tjft lfbms f rmturd g` tfx (edahuiedk edaglm, mstftm, fdi ke`t tfx rmturds), fd flmdimi6:

rmturd, gr f rmùdi ahfel udimr tjes tethm cut mxahuiedk ed`grlftegd rmturds, stftmlmdts, gr igaulmdts265

(v) F `grmekd pmrsgd tjft lfbms fd mhmategd udimr Qma. 1?6.;;?6-1(a)23?

(ve) F `grmekd pmrsgd tjft ùrdesjms f wetjjghiedk amrteèaftm imsarecmi ed Qma. 6.6996-6(m)(3) gr (1) g` tjes36

ajfptmr gr Qma. 6.6996-=(a)(3)(ev) gr (1)(eee) g` tjes ajfptmr tg tjm mxtmdt rmquermi33

udimr Qma. 6.6996-6(m)(9)(vee) g` tjes ajfptmr231

(vee) F grmekd pmrsgd wjgsm tfxpfymr eimdte`yedk dulcmr es rmquermi tg cm ùrdesjmi gd fdy rmturd,39

stftmlmdt, gr gtjmr igaulmdt fs rmquermi cy tjm edaglm tfx rmkuhftegds udimr smategd :5; gr 699=. Yjes3=

pfrfkrfpj (c)(3)(vee) fpphems fs g` Dgvmlcmr 1, 3??12 fdi30

(veee) F `grmekd pmrsgd tjft ùrdesjms f wetjjghiedk amrteèaftm imsarecmi ed Qma. 6.6990-6(a)(3) gr (1) g` tjes3;

ajfptmr gr wjgsm tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr es rmquermi tg cm urdesjmi gd fdy rmturd, stftmlmdt, gr gtjmr3:

igaulmdt fs rmquermi cy tjm edaglm tfx rmkuhftegds udimr smategd 6990. Yjes pfrfkrfpj (c)(3)(veee) sjfhh fpphy35

tg pfrtdmrsjep tfxfchm ymfrs cmkeddedk f`tmr Lfy 6:, 3??=, gr suaj mfrhemr telm fs tjm rmkuhftegds udimr Qma.1?

Qma. 6.6990-6 tjrgukj 6.6990-= g` tjes ajfptmr fpphy cy rmfsgd g` fd mhmategd udimr Qma. 6.6990-; g` tjes16

ajfptmr.13

Dgteam tjm wgri ‘ets“. Yjes sjguhi ahum ygu edtg tjm `fat tjft tjm tfx agim igmsd―t fpphy tg `hmsj fdi chggi pmgphm, wjg frm11

afhhmi ‘dfturfh pmrsgds“ ed rmkuhftegds hebm tjft fcgvm. E` tjmy jfi lmfdt tg rm`mr tg suaj f dfturfh pmrsgd, tjm wgri ‘ets“ 19

wguhi jfvm sfei ‘jes“ gr ‘jmr“. Agdsmqumdthy, tjm gdhy typm g` ‘pmrsgd“, tjmy afd cm rm`mrredk tg es f prevehmkmi agrpgrftegd1=

gr fd g`èamr rmprmsmdtedk sfei agrpgrftegd, fs wfs pgedtmi gut ft tjm cmkeddedk g` ajfptmr = g` tjm Krmft ESQ Jgfx, @grl10

#66.1?3 . Fhsg bmmp ed ygur ledi tjft tjm fcgvm rmkuhftegd elphmlmdts f agim tjft es dgt pgsetevm hfw fdi tjmrm grm elpgsms1;

dg gchekftegd upgd fdygdm wjg igms dgt agdsmdt tg cm cgudi cy et cy gaaupyedk f puchea g`èam gr pgsetegd g` mlphgylmdt1:

wetjed tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt. Yjm "].Q. pmrsgd" eimdteèmi fcgvm es im edmi cmhgw tg lmfd f pmrsgd cgrd ed gr "rmseimdt" 15

gdhy wetjed tjm Iestreat g` Aghulcef, fs `ghhgws.. Dgtm tjft "]detmi Qtftms" es imèdmi ed 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(5) fdi (f)(6?)9?

tg lmfd GDHU tjm Iestreat g` Aghulcef>96

YEYHM 30 4 Quctethm @ 4 AJF_YMS ;5 4 Qma. ;;?6.93

Qma. ;;?6. - Imèdetegds 91

99

(f)(1?) ]detmi Qtftms pmrsgd9=

Yjm tmrl '']detmi Qtftms pmrsgd'' lmfds -90

9;

(F) f Ragrpgrftm\ aetezmd gr rmseimdt Rfhemd\ g` tjm R`mimrfh\ ]detmi Qtftms,9:

(C) f iglmstea pfrtdmrsjep,95

(A) f iglmstea agrpgrftegd ,=?

(I) fdy mstftm (gtjmr tjfd f grmekd mstftm, wetjed tjm lmfdedk g` pfrfkrfpj (16)), fdi=6

(M) fdy trust e` -=3

(e) f agurt wetjed tjm ]detmi Qtftms es fchm tg mxmraesm prelfry supmrvesegd gvmr tjm filedestrftegd g` tjm trust,=1

fdi=9

(ee) gdm gr lgrm ]detmi Qtftms pmrsgds jfvm tjm futjgrety tg agdtrgh fhh sucstfdtefh imaesegds g` tjm trust.==

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http://famguardian.org/TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/resident.htm



http://famguardian.org/TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/UnitedStates.htm







http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/26/stF.html



http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/26/stFch79.html







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Fhh kgvmrdlmdt eimdte`yedk dulcmrs lfy gdhy hfwùhhy cm essumi tg pmrsgds pfrteaepftedk ed kgvmrdlmdt `rfdajesms. Yjmy6

fat fs tjm mquevfhmdt g` heamdsm dulcmrs `gr tjgsm mdkfkedk ed `rfdajesms. Yjm `ghhgwedk ESQ pucheaftegds phfedhy filet wjmd3

kgvmrdlmdt essumi dulcmrs frm lfdiftgry, fdi fhh g` tjml rmhftm tg tjgsm gctfededk gr qufhe`yedk `gr sglm kgvmrdlmdt1

cmdmèt gr prevehmkm. Yjmsm aetms frm PMSU elpgrtfdt cmafusm gdam ygu afd prgvm tjm tjedks `gr wjeaj YEDs frm pgsetevmhy9

rmquermi, tjmd fhh gtjmr usms frm PGH]DYFSU fdi dgt lfdiftgry. Qelphy sjgw tjml tjm hest cmhgw fdi e` ygur=

aeraulstfdams frm dgt ed et, tjmd imlfdi tjft tjmy sjgw f stftutm igaulmdtedk fd f`èrlftevm rmquermlmdt tg prgveim fd0

eimdte`yedk dulcmr>;

6. ESQ _ucheaftegd =65, Umfr 3??=, p. 31>:

Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmr5

F tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr lust cm urdesjmi gd rmturds, stftmlmdts, fdi gtjmr tfx rmhftmi igaulmdts. @gr6?

fd edieveiufh, tjes es f sgaefh smaurety dulcmr (QQD). E` ygu ig dgt jfvm fdi frm dgt mhekechm tg kmt fd QQD, ygu66

lust fpphy `gr fd edieveiufh tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr (EYED). Fd mlphgymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr (MED) es63

rmquermi e` ygu frm mdkfkmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss fs f sghm prgpremtgr fdi jfvm mlphgymms gr f qufheèmi61

rmtermlmdt phfd.69

Ugu lust urdesj f tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr e` ygu frm>6=

• Fd fhemd wjg jfs edaglm m``matevmhy agddmatmi wetj tjm agdiuat g` f ].Q. trfim gr cusedmss ft fdy telm60

iuredk tjm ymfr.6;

• Fd fhemd wjg jfs f ].Q. g`èam gr phfam g` cusedmss ft fdy telm iuredk tjm ymfr.6:

• F dgdrmseimdt fhemd spgusm trmftmi fs f rmseimdt, fs iesaussmi ed ajfptmr 6, gr65

• Fdy gtjmr fhemd wjg èhms f tfx rmturd, fd flmdimi rmturd, gr f rmùdi ahfel (cut dgt ed`grlftegd rmturds).3?

Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmr (QQD). Kmdmrfhhy, ygu afd kmt fd QQD e` ygu jfvm cmmd hfwùhhy filettmi tg tjm ]detmi36

Qtftms gr pmrlfdmdt rmseimdam gr udimr gtjmr ellekrftegd aftmkgrems tjft futjgrezm ].Q. mlphgylmdt.33

R. . .\31

Edieveiufh tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr (EYED). E` ygu ig dgt jfvm fdi frm dgt mhekechm tg kmt fd QQD, ygu39

lust fpphy `gr fd EYED. @gr imtfehs gd jgw tg ig sg, smm @grl [-; fdi ets edstruategds. Et usufhhy tfbms fcgut3=

9-0 wmmbs tg kmt fd EYED. E` ygu fhrmfiy jfvm fd EYED, mdtmr et wjmdmvmr fd QQD es rmquermi gd ygur tfx rmturd.30

Fd EYED es `gr tfx usm gdhy. Et igms dgt mdtethm ygu tg sgaefh smaurety cmdmèts gr ajfdkm ygur mlphgylmdt gr3;

ellekrftegd stftus udimr ].Q. hfw.3:

Ed fiietegd tg tjgsm fhemds wjg frm rmquermi tg ùrdesj f tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr fdi frm dgt mhekechm `gr35

fd QQD, f @grl [-; sjguhi cm èhmi `gr>1?

• Fhemd edieveiufhs wjg frm ahfelmi fs impmdimdts fdi frm dgt mhekechm gr fd QQD, fdi16

• Fhemd spgusms wjg frm ahfelmi fs mxmlptegds fdi frm dgt mhekechm `gr fd QQD.13

Mlphgymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr (MED). Fd edieveiufh lfy usm fd QQD (gr EYED) gr edieveiufh tfxms fdi fd MED11

`gr cusedmss tfxms. Yg fpphy `gr fd MED, èhm @grl QQ-9. Fppheaftegd `gr Mlphgymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmr, wetj19

tjm ESQ.1=

3. ESQ @grl 6?9?DS Edstruategds, Umfr 3??;, p. 5. Ugu afd―t fvfeh ygursmh` g` tjm ‘cmdmèts“ g` tjm `rfdajesm wetjgut10

prgveiedk ygur `rfdajesmm heamdsm dulcmr.1;

Hedm ;a, Aghuld (3)1:

Ugu lust mdtmr mfaj impmdimdt―s eimdte`yedk dulcmr (QQD, EYED, gr figptegd tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr15

(FYED)). E` ygu ig dgt mdtmr tjm agrrmat eimdte`yedk dulcmr , ft tjm telm wm prgamss ygur rmturd wm lfy iesfhhgw9?

tjm mxmlptegd ahfelmi (suaj fs tjm ajehi tfx armiet) cfsmi gd tjm impmdimdt.96

1. ESQ @grl 6?93s Edstruategds, Umfr 3??0, p. 69. [jft fhh g` tjm aeraulstfdams cmhgw jfvm ed agllgd es tjft tjmy edvghvm93

f ‘cmdmèt“ tjft es usufhhy èdfdaefh gr tfdkechm tg tjm rmaepemdt, fdi tjmrm`grm rmquerm f `rfdajesmm heamdsm dulcmr afhhmi91

f Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmr>99

Cgx 69, Smaepemdt―s ].Q. Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd Dulcmr (YED)9=

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Ugu lust gctfed f ].Q. tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr (YED) `gr>6

• Fdy rmaepemdt wjgsm edaglm es m``matevmhy agddmatmi wetj tjm agdiuat g` f trfim gr cusedmss ed tjm ]detmi3

Qtftms.1

Dgtm. @gr tjmsm rmaepemdts, mxmlptegd agim ?6 sjguhi cm mdtmrmi ed cgx 0.9

• Fdy `grmekd pmrsgd ahfeledk f rmiuami rftm g`, gr mxmlptegd `rgl, tfx udimr f tfx trmfty cmtwmmd f `grmekd=

agudtry fdi tjm ]detmi Qtftms, udhmss tjm edaglm es fd udmxpmatmi pfylmdt (fs imsarecmi ed Smkuhftegds0

smategd 6.6996-0(k)) gr agdsests g` ieveimdis fdi edtmrmst rgl stgabs fdi imct gchekftegds tjft frm fatevmhy;

trfimi2 ieveimdis `rgl fdy rmimmlfchm smaurety essumi cy fd edvmstlmdt aglpfdy rmkestmrmi udimr tjm:

Edvmstlmdt Aglpfdy Fat g` 659? (lutufh ùdi)2 ieveimdis, edtmrmst, gr rgyfhtems `rgl udets g` cmdmèaefh5edtmrmst ed f udet edvmstlmdt trust tjft frm (gr wmrm, upgd essufdam) pucheahy g``mrmi fdi frm rmkestmrmi wetj6?

tjm Qmauretems fdi Mxajfdkm Agllessegd udimr tjm Qmauretems Fat g` 65112 fdi flgudts pfei wetj rmspmat66

tg hgfds g` fdy g` tjm fcgvm smauretems.63

• Fdy dgdrmseimdt fhemd edieveiufh ahfeledk mxmlptegd `rgl tfx udimr smategd :;6(`) `gr amrtfed fdduetems61

rmamevmi udimr qufheèmi phfds.69

• F `grmekd grkfdezftegd ahfeledk fd mxmlptegd `rgl tfx sghmhy cmafusm g` ets stftus fs f tfx-mxmlpt6=

grkfdezftegd udimr smategd =?6(a ) gr fs f prevftm gudiftegd.60

• Fdy VE.6;

• Fdy [_ gr [Y.6:

• Fdy dgdrmseimdt fhemd edieveiufh ahfeledk mxmlptegd `rgl wetjjghiedk gd aglpmdsftegd `gr edimpmdimdt65

pmrsgdfh smrveams Rsmrveams agddmatmi wetj f ‘trfim gr cusedmss“\. 3?

• Fdy `grmekd krfdtgr trust wetj evm gr `mwmr krfdtgrs.36

• Fdy crfdaj g` f `grmekd cfdb gr `grmekd edsurfdam aglpfdy tjft es trmftmi fs f ].Q. pmrsgd.33

E` f grmekd pmrsgd prgveims f YED gd f @grl [-:, cut es dgt rmquermi tg ig sg, tjm wetjjghiedk fkmdt lust edahuim31

tjm YED gd @grl 6?93-Q.39

[m jfvm tfbmd tjm telm tg ùrtjmr edvmstekftm tjm hfst etml fcgvm fdi put et ed tfcuhfr `grl `gr ygur rmfiedk phmfsurm>3=

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Yfchm 6> E.S.A. Qtftutgry "Cmdmèts"6

# Dflm Agim smategd Dgtms

6 M``matevmhy agddmatmi wetj tjm‘trfim gr cusedmss“ rfdajesm

30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30)30 ].Q.A. §:;6(c)30 ].Q.A. §6

3 @grmekd pmrsgd ahfeledkrmiuami rftm g`, mxmlptegd`rgl, tfx udimr trmfty

30 ].Q.A. §:5930 ].Q.A. §066930 ].Q.A. §0;6330 ].Q.A. §6(j)(66)(A)(e)(EE)

1 Dgdrmseimdt fhemd ahfeledk

mxmlptegd gr fdduetemsrmamevmi udimr qufheèmi phfds

30 ].Q.A. §:;6(`)

9 @grmekd grkfdezftegd ahfeledkfd mxmlptegd rgl tfx sghmhy cmafusm g` ets stftus fs f tfxmxmlpt grkfdezftegd

30 ].Q.A. §=?6(a )

= Vufheèmi Edtmrlmiefry (VE) 30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(m)(=)> Kmdmrfhhy30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(m)(=)(ee)> Imèdetegd

_ursufdt tg 30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(a)(69), gdm afddgt cm ‘qufheèmi“ wetjgut cmedk f ‘].Q. pmrsgd“, lmfdedk f pmrsgd wetj f hmkfh igleaehmgd mimrfh tmrretgry ed tjm ‘]detmi Qtftms“ (Iestreat g` Aghulcef).

0 [etjjghiedk @grmekd_frtdmrsjep ([_) gr[etjjghiedk @grmekd Yrust([Y)

30 [email protected]. §6.6996-=(a) F wetjjghiedk grmekd pfrtdmrsjep ([_) es fdy grmekd pfrtdmrsjep tjftjfs mdtmrmi edtg f [_ wetjjghiedk fkrmmlmdt wetj tjm ESQ fdi es fatedked tjft afpfaety. F wetjjghiedk grmekd trust ([Y) es f grmekd selphm grkrfdtgr trust tjft jfs mdtmrmi edtg f [Y wetjjghiedk fkrmmlmdt wetj tjmESQ fdi es fatedk ed tjft afpfaety.F [_ gr [Y lfy fat ed tjft afpfaety gdhy gr pfylmdts g` flgudtssucnmat tg DSF wetjjghiedk tjft frm iestrecutmi tg, gr edahuimi ed tjmiestrecutevm sjfrm g`, ets iermat pfrtdmrs, cmdmèaefrems, gr gwdmrs. F [_

gr [Y fatedk ed tjft afpfaety lust fssulm DSF wetjjghiedkrmspgdsecehety gr tjmsm flgudts. Ugu lfy trmft f [_ gr [Y fs f pfymme` et jfs prgveimi ygu wetj igaulmdtftegd (iesaussmi hftmr) tjftrmprmsmdts tjft et es fatedk fs f [_ gr [Y gr suaj flgudts.Ugu afddgt cm f [_ gr f [Y wetjgut fd MED. F [_ gr [Y lust prgveim ygu wetj f @grl [-:ELU tjft amrteèms tjft tjm [_ gr [Y esfatedk ed tjft afpfaety fdi f wrettmd stftmlmdt eimdte`yedk tjm flgudts grwjeaj et es sg fatedk. Yjm stftmlmdt es dgt rmquermi tg agdtfed wetjjghiedkrftm pggh ed`grlftegd gr fdy ed`grlftegd rmhftedk tg tjm eimdtety g` fiermat pfrtdmr, cmdmèaefry, gr gwdmr. Yjm @grl [ ‑ :ELU lust agdtfedtjm [_-MED gr [Y-MED.Qmm> jttp>//www.ers.kgv/cusedmssms/slfhh/edtmrdftegdfh/frteahm/?,,ei<63;531,??.jtlh

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# Dflm Agim smategd Dgtms

; Dgdrmseimdt ahfeledkmxmlptegd gr edimpmdimdt pmrsgdfh smrveams

30 [email protected]. §6.6996-9(c)(9)> [etjjghiedk30 [email protected]. §6.6906-6(a )(3)(e)> Smpgrtedk30 [email protected]. §6.6996-0(k)(6)> YED rmquermlmdt

Ahfelmi usedk ESQ @grl :311. Yjm tmrl ‘pmrsgdfh smrveams“ es imèdmifs wgrb pmr`grlmi ed agddmategd wetj f ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ pursufdt tg30 [email protected]. §6.905-5(c)(9) fdi 30 [email protected]. §6.6996-9. 30 ].Q.A.§:09(c)(6)(F) mxahuims smrveams pmr`grlmi gr `grmekd mlphgymrs,lmfdedk mlphgymrs gtjmr tjfd tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt. Qmm>jttp>//www.ers.kgv/cusedmssms/slfhh/edtmrdftegdfh/frteahm/?,,ei<6?03=5,??.jtlh

: @grmekd krfdtgr trust wetj evmgr mwmr krfdtgrs

30 ].Q.A. §§0;6 tg 0;530 [email protected]. §6.6996-=(m)> Kmdmrfhhy30 [email protected]. §6.6996-6(a)(30)> Imèdetegd

F grmekd krfdtgr trust es f `grmekd trust cut gdhy tg tjm mxtmdt fhh gr f pgrtegd g` tjm edaglm Rlmfdedk ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ mfrdedks gr pfylmdts`rgl tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt pursufdt tg 30 ].Q.A. §:;6 fdi 30 ].Q.A.

§091(c)\ g` tjm trust es trmftmi fs gwdmi cy tjm krfdtgr gr fdgtjmr pmrsgdudimr smategds 0;6 tjrgukj 0;5.

5 Fdy crfdaj g` f `grmekd cfdb gr`grmekd edsurfdam aglpfdy tjftes trmftmi fs f ‘].Q. pmrsgd“

30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(1?) Fhh ‘].Q. pmrsgds“ jfvm f igleaehm ed tjm ‘]detmi Qtftms“, lmfdedk tjmIestreat g` Aghulcef. Ajgeam g` igleaehm es vghudtfry fdi tjmrm`grm tjesstftus es vghudtfry. Fhh ‘].Q. pmrsgds“ fdi ‘edieveiufhs“ frm kgvmrdlmdtfkmdts, edstrulmdtfhetems, mlphgymms, gr g`èamrs.

6

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Yg sullfrezm fhh g` tjm rmquermlmdts pmrtfededk tg tjm lfdiftgry usm g` eimdte`yedk dulcmrs rgl fhh tjm pucheaftegds fcgvm>6

6. Gdhy ‘edieveiufhs“ frm rmquermi tg gctfed eimdte`yedk dulcmrs. ‘Edieveiufhs“ frm imèdmi ed = ].Q.A. §==3f(f)(3) fs3

‘aetezmds“ fdi ‘rmseimdts“ g` tjm ‘]detmi Qtftms“, lmfdedk pmrsgds wetj f hmkfh igleaehm gd `mimrfh tmrretgry fdi dgt1

wetjed tjm mxahusevm nuresieategd g` fdy stftm g` tjm ]degd. Yjes es fhsg agdsestmdt wetj tjm rmquermlmdts g` 3? [email protected]

§933.6?9, wjeaj helets essufdam g` QQDs tg ‘aetezmds“ fdi ‘rmseimdts“ g` tjm ‘]detmi Qtftms“, lmfdedk `mimrfh tmrretgry=

g` tjm ‘`mimrfh zgdm“. 0

3. ‘aetezmds“ frm dgwjmrm mxprmsshy rmquermi tg gctfed fd eimdte`yedk dulcmr. Gdhy ‘fhemds“ frm rmquermi tg gctfed f dulcmr,;

wjeaj frm `grmekd dftegdfhs cgrd ed f `grmekd agudtry. Yjmy frm gdhy rmquermi tg gctfed eimdte`yedk dulcmrs wjmd:

igleaehmi gd `mimrfh tmrretgry fdi gutseim tjm mxahusevm nuresieategd g` f stftm g` tjm ]degd. Yjm rmfsgd tjmy afd cm5

rmquermi tg gctfed suaj f dulcmr es cmafusm fhh fhemds frm ‘prevehmkmi“ wjehm tjmy frm vesetedk `mimrfh tmrretgry. Yjes es6?

agdèrlmi cy tjm `ghhgwedk futjgretems, wjeaj prgvm tjft ‘fhemds“ wetj f igleaehm ed f agudtry frm ‘prevehmkmi“> 66

‘ Smseimdts, fs iestedkuesjmi `rgl aetezmds, frm fhemds wjg frm pmrlettmi tg tfbm up f pmrlfdmdt fcgim63

Rigleaehm\ ed tjm agudtry. Cmedk cgudi tg tjm sgaemty cy rmfsgd g` tjmer Redtmdtegd g`\ iwmhhedk ed et, tjmy frm61

sucnmat tg ets hfws sg hgdk fs tjmy rmlfed tjmrm, fdi, cmedk prgtmatmi cy et, tjmy lust im`mdi et, fhtjgukj tjmy ig69

dgt mdngy fhh tjm rekjts g` aetezmdsjep. Yjmy jfvm gdhy amrtfed prevehmkms wjeaj tjm hfw, gr austgl, kevms tjml. 6=

_mrlfdmdt rmseimdts frm tjgsm wjg jfvm cmmd kevmd tjm rekjt g` pmrpmtufh rmseimdam. Yjmy frm f sgrt g` aetezmd60

g` f hmss prevehmkmi ajfrfatmr, fdi frm sucnmat tg tjm sgaemty wetjgut mdngyedk fhh ets fivfdtfkms. Yjmer ajehirmd6;

suaammi tg tjmer stftus2 `gr tjm rekjt g` pmrpmtufh rmseimdam kevmd tjml cy tjm Qtftm pfssms tg tjmer ajehirmd.“ 6:

RYjm Hfw g` Dftegds , p. :;, M. Im Pfttmh, Pghulm Yjrmm, 6;=:, Afrdmkem Edstetutegd g` [fsjedktgd2 mlpjfses65

fiimi.\3?

1. E` ygu frm pfrteaepftedk ed f `mimrfh cmdmèt gr `rfdajesm, tjmd ygu lust prgveim f dulcmr. Yjmsm cmdmèts frm eimdteèmi36

gr ESQ @grl 6?93s edstruategds fdi edahuim>33

1.6. F ‘trfim gr cusedmss“, wjeaj es imèdmi ed 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30) fs ‘tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam“. 31

1.3. Smiuami rftm gr mxmlptegd `rgl tfx fresedk `rgl f tfx trmfty wetj f `grmekd agudtry.39

1.1. Mxmlptegds suaj fs ajehi wretm-g``s.3=

1.9. Fdy dgdrmseimdt fhemd edieveiufh ahfeledk mxmlptegd `rgl tfx udimr smategd :;6(`) `gr amrtfed fdduetems rmamevmi30

udimr qufheèmi phfds.3;

1.=. F `grmekd grkfdezftegd ahfeledk fd mxmlptegd `rgl tfx sghmhy cmafusm g` ets stftus fs f tfx-mxmlpt grkfdezftegd3:

udimr smategd =?6(a ) gr fs f prevftm `gudiftegd.35

1.0. Fdy VE.1?

1.;. Fdy [_ gr [Y.16

1.:. Fdy dgdrmseimdt fhemd edieveiufh ahfeledk mxmlptegd `rgl wetjjghiedk gd aglpmdsftegd `gr edimpmdimdt pmrsgdfh13

smrveams Rsmrveams agddmatmi wetj f ‘trfim gr cusedmss“\.11

1.5. Fdy `grmekd krfdtgr trust wetj èvm gr `mwmr krfdtgrs.19

1.6?. Fdy crfdaj g` f `grmekd cfdb gr `grmekd edsurfdam aglpfdy tjft es trmftmi fs f ‘].Q. pmrsgd“ udimr 30 ].Q.A.1=

§;;?6(f)(1?).10

9. Yjmrm es dg futjgrety wetjed tjm E.S.A. tg ASMFYM f ‘puchea g`èam“ cy èhhedk gut fdy grl. Ugu lust cm mhmatmi edtg1;

tjm g`èam cy f hfwùh vgtm fdi ygu afd―t ‘mhmat“ ygursmh` edtg g`èam cy selphy èhhedk gut f grl. Ugu lust FHSMFIU1:

cm f ‘puchea g`èamr“ wetjed tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt ed grimr tg jfvm f tfx hefcehety tjft afd cm rmiuami cy fdy g` tjm fcgvm15

sg-afhhmi ‘cmdmèts“. 9 ].Q.A. §;3 sfys tjft fhh ‘puchea g`èams“ lust cm mxmraesmi ed tjm Iestreat g` Aghulcef fdi dgt9?

mhsmwjmrm mxampt fs mxprmsshy prgveimi ed fd fat g` Agdkrmss. Yjmrm es dg fat g` Agdkrmss wjeaj mxprmsshy futjgrezms96

‘puchea g`èams“ wetjed fdy stftm g` tjm ]degd, fdi tjmrm`grm et es EHHMKFH tg pfrteaepftm ed tjm ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ 93

`rfdajesm fs f pmrsgd igleaehmi wetjed tjm mxahusevm nuresieategd g` f stftm g` tjm ]degd. Agdsmqumdthy, fdygdm igleaehmi91

wetjed f stftm g` tjm ]degd afddgt cm f pfrty tg fdy g` tjm fcgvm ‘cmdmèts“ fdi es cmedk imamevmi fdi im`rfuimi e` tjmy99

tjedb tjmy metjmr jfvm f hefcehety gr dmmi tg rmiuam tjm hefcehety cy pfrteaepftedk ed fdy g` tjm fcgvm `rfdajesms.9=

@gr tjus sfys tjm HGSI>90

"Ugu jfvm sghi ygursmhvms gr dgtjedk,9;

Fdi ygu sjfhh cm rmimmlmi wetjgut lgdmy."9:

R Esfefj =3>1 , Cechm, DBNP\95

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW=?

‘Yjus, Agdkrmss jfvedk pgwmr tg rmkuhftm agllmram wetj `grmekd dftegds, fdi flgdk tjm smvmrfh Qtftms, fdi=6

wetj tjm Ediefd trecms, lfy, wetjgut iguct, prgveim `gr krfdtedk agfstedk heamdsms , heamdsms tg pehgts, heamdsms tg=3

trfim wetj tjm Ediefds, fdi fdy gtjmr heamdsms dmamssfry gr prgpmr `gr tjm mxmraesm g` tjft krmft fdi mxtmdsevm=1

pgwmr2 fdi tjm sflm gcsmrvftegd es fppheafchm tg mvmry gtjmr pgwmr g` Agdkrmss, tg tjm mxmraesm g` wjeaj tjm=9

krfdtedk g` heamdsms lfy cm edaeimdt. Fhh suaj heamdsms agd`mr futjgrety, fdi kevm rekjts tg tjm heamdsmm.==

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl =6 g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW6

"Ed Afhimr v. Cuhh, wjeaj wfs jmrm ed 6;5:, Lr. Nusteam Ajfsm sfei, tjft tjmrm wmrm fats wjeaj tjm @mimrfh fdi3

Qtftm hmkeshfturms aguhi dgt ig wetjgut mxammiedk tjmer futjgrety, fdi flgdk tjml jm lmdtegdmi f hfw wjeaj1

pudesjmi f aetezmd `gr fd eddgamdt fat2 f hfw tjft imstrgymi gr elpfermi tjm hfwùh prevftm Rhfcgr\ agdtrfats Rfdi9

hfcgr aglpmdsftegd, m.k. mfrdedks rgl mlphgylmdt tjrgukj aglpmhhmi [-9 wetjjghiedk\ g` aetezmds2 f hfw tjft=

lfim f lfd nuikm ed jes gwd afsm2 fdi f hfw tjft tggb tjm prgpmrty `rgl F Rtjm wgrbmr\. fdi kfvm et tg C Rtjm0

kgvmrdlmdt gr fdgtjmr aetezmd, suaj fs tjrgukj sgaefh wmh`frm prgkrfls\. 'Et es fkfedst fhh rmfsgd fdi nusteam,';

jm fiimi, ' gr f pmgphm tg edtrust f hmkeshfturm wetj suaj pgwmrs, fdi tjmrm`grm et afddgt cm prmsulmi tjft tjmy:

jfvm igdm et. Yjmy lfy agllfdi wjft es rekjt fdi prgjecet wjft es wrgdk2 cut tjmy afddgt ajfdkm eddgamdam5

edtg kueht, gr pudesj eddgamdam fs f arelm, gr veghftm tjm rekjt g` fd fdtmamimdt hfwùh prevftm Rmlphgylmdt\6?

agdtrfat Rcy aglpmhhedk [-9 wetjjghiedk, `gr edstfdam\, gr tjm rekjt g` prevftm prgpmrty. Yg lfedtfed tjft f66

@mimrfh gr Qtftm hmkeshfturm pgssmssms suaj pgwmrs Rg` YJM@Y!\ e` tjmy jfi dgt cmmd mxprmsshy rmstrfedmi,63

wguhi, ed ly gpedegd, cm f pgheteafh jmrmsy fhtgkmtjmr edfilessechm ed fhh rmm rmpucheafd kgvmrdlmdts .' 1 Ifhh.61

1::."69

RQedbedk @udi Afsms, 55 ].Q. ;?? (6:;:) \6=

;. Ugu frm dgt rmquermi tg fssgaeftm tjm dulcmr wetj fdy g` ygur prevftm prgpmrty. Aglpmhhedk ygu tg ig sg veghftms tjm60

@e`tj Flmdilmdt tfbedks ahfusm. Ugu fdi gdhy ygu imtmrledftm wjft sucsmt g` ygur prevftm prgpmrty ygu wesj tg6;

fssgaeftm wetj fdi igdftm tg f ‘puchea usm“ fdi f ‘puchea purpgsm“ cy fssgaeftedk et wetj kgvmrdlmdt prgpmrty ed tjm6:

`grl g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt gwdmi dulcmr.65

:. Fssgaeftedk f kgvmrdlmdt dulcmr wetj ygur prevftm prgpmrty, suaj fs ygur èdfdaefh faagudts, rmfh mstftm, mta. lfbms tjm3?

prgpmrty edtg tjm mquevfhmdt g` ‘prevftm prgpmrty igdftmi tg f puchea usm tg prgaurm tjm cmdmèts g` f kgvmrdlmdt36

`rfdajesm“. E` fssgaeftedk ygur prgpmrty wetj f dulcmr igms dgt rmdimr f kgvmrdlmdt cmdm et, tjmd et es f CFI eimf tg33

cfseafhhy kevm fwfy ygur prevftm prgpmrty wetjgut fdy aglpmdsftegd. Yjm kgvmrdlmdt nust hgvms pmgphm tg ig tjes, cut31

tjmy afd―t rmquerm tjml tg igdftm tjmer prevftm prgpmrty tg f puchea usm.39

‘Lmd frm mdigwmi cy tjmer Armftgr wetj amrtfed udfhemdfchm rekjts,-'he`m, hecmrty, fdi tjm pursuet g` jfppedmss2'3=

fdi tg 'smaurm,' dgt krfdt gr armftm, tjmsm rekjts, kgvmrdlmdts frm edstetutmi. Yjft prgpmrty Rgr edaglm\ wjeaj f30

lfd jfs jgdmsthy faquermi jm rmtfeds ùhh agdtrgh g`, sucnmat tg tjmsm heletftegds> @erst, tjft jm sjfhh dgt usm et3;

tg jes dmekjcgr's ednury, fdi tjft igms dgt lmfd tjft jm lust usm et `gr jes3:

dmekjcgr's cmdmèt Rm.k. QGAEFH QMA]SEYU, Lmieafrm, fdi mvmry gtjmr35

puchea ‘cmdmèt“\2 smagdi, tjft e` jm imvgtms et tg f puchea usm, jm kevms tg tjm puchea f rekjt tg agdtrgh1?

tjft usm2 fdi tjeri, tjft wjmdmvmr tjm puchea dmmis rmquerm, tjm puchea lfy tfbm et upgd pfylmdt g` ium16

aglpmdsftegd .“ 13

RCuii v. _mgphm g` Qtftm g` Dmw Ugrb , 691 ].Q. =6; (6:53)\11

: Areledfh agdsmqumdams g` Lgdmy Hfudimredk19

:.6 Qtruaturedk, 16 ].Q.A. §=1391=

Qtruaturedk es tjm fat g` agdiuatedk èdfdaefh trfdsfategds ed suaj f wfy fs tg fvgei rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts lfdiftmi cy10

hfw. 16 ].Q.A. §=139 lfbms suaj fats f arelm>1;

16 ].Q.A. § =139 - Qtruaturedk trfdsfategds tg mvfim rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdt prgjecetmi 1:

(f) Iglmstea Aged fdi Aurrmday Yrfdsfategds Edvghvedk @edfdaefh Edstetutegds. ’ Dg pmrsgd sjfhh, `gr tjm15

purpgsm g` mvfiedk tjm rmpgrtedk rmquermlmdts g` smategd =161 (f) gr =13= gr fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi udimr9?

fdy suaj smategd, tjm rmpgrtedk gr rmagribmmpedk rmquermlmdts elpgsmi cy fdy grimr essumi udimr smategd =130 , 96

gr tjm rmagribmmpedk rmquermlmdts elpgsmi cy fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi udimr smategd 36 g` tjm @mimrfh Impgset93

Edsurfdam Fat gr smategd 631 g` _uchea Hfw 56 ‑ =?: ’ 91

(6) afusm gr fttmlpt tg afusm f iglmstea èdfdaefh edstetutegd tg `feh tg èhm f rmpgrt rmquermi udimr smategd =161 99

(f) gr =13= gr fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi udimr fdy suaj smategd, tg ehm f rmpgrt gr tg lfedtfed f rmagri rmquermi9=

cy fd grimr essumi udimr smategd =130 , gr tg lfedtfed f rmagri rmquermi pursufdt tg fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi90

udimr smategd 36 g` tjm @mimrfh Impgset Edsurfdam Fat gr smategd 631 g` _uchea Hfw 56 ‑ =?:29;

(3) afusm gr fttmlpt tg afusm f iglmstea èdfdaefh edstetutegd tg èhm f rmpgrt rmquermi udimr smategd =161 (f) gr9:

=13= gr fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi udimr fdy suaj smategd, tg èhm f rmpgrt gr tg lfedtfed f rmagri rmquermi cy95

fdy grimr essumi udimr smategd =130 , gr tg lfedtfed f rmagri rmquermi pursufdt tg fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi=?

udimr smategd =130 , gr tg lfedtfed f rmagri rmquermi pursufdt tg fdy rmkuhftegd prmsarecmi udimr smategd 36 g`=6

tjm @mimrfh Impgset Edsurfdam Fat gr smategd 631 g` _uchea Hfw 56 ‑ =?:, tjft agdtfeds f lftmrefh glessegd gr=3

lesstftmlmdt g` fat2 gr=1

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(1) struaturm gr fssest ed struaturedk, gr fttmlpt tg struaturm gr fssest ed struaturedk, fdy trfdsfategd wetj gdm gr6

lgrm iglmstea èdfdaefh edstetutegds.3

RQG]SAM> jttp>//www.hfw.agrdmhh.miu/usagim/tmxt/16/=139\ 1

[jmd f agrruptmi kgvmrdlmdt wesjms tg ‘smhmatevmhy md`gram“ fkfedst f `rmmigl ledimi Flmreafd, tjes areledfh prgvesegd9

es `rmqumdthy mlphgymi. Et wfs mlphgymi, `gr edstfdam, ed tjm afsm g` Mi fdi Mhfedm Crgwd, wjg wmrm areledfhhy prgsmautmi=

`gr struaturedk. Yjm aguphm hevmi ed Dmw Jflpsjerm fdi sjm wfs f imdtest. Yjmy pfei `gr tjmer jgusm wetj pgstfh lgdmy0

grimrs, wjeaj es wjmrm tjm nuresieategd tg prgsmautm aflm `rgl. Yjm `rgdt g` tjm lgdmy grimr sfys ‘Pfhei gdhy wetjed tjm;

]detmi Qtftms“, fdi tjm ‘]detmi Qtftms“ tjmy wmrm tfhbedk fcgut wfs `mimrfh tmrretgry dgt wetjed fdy stftm.:

Yjm agrruptmi kgvmrdlmdt wfs fchm tg suaamssùhhy prgsmautm Mi cmafusm jm wfsd―t `flehefr wetj tjm `fatufh rmquermlmdts5

fssgaeftmi wetj tjm lfdiftgry èhedk g` Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrts (A.Y.S.―s). Yjmsm rmpgrts afd hfwùhhy cm prgiuami6?

GDHU wjmd tjm pfrty sucnmat tg tjml es hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed f stftutgry ‘trfim gr cusedmss“. Jmrm es tjm rmquermlmdt tg66

rmpgrt, `gudi ed 16 A@S §6?1.1?.63

Yethm 16 - Lgdmy fdi @edfdam> Yrmfsury61

Pghulm> 669

Iftm> 3?6?-?;-?66=

Grekedfh Iftm> 3?6?-?;-?660

Yethm> Qmategd 6?1.1? - Smpgrts rmhftedk tg aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss.6;

Agdtmxt> Yethm 16 - Lgdmy fdi @edfdam> Yrmfsury.6:

Quctethm C - Smkuhftegds Smhftedk tg Lgdmy fdi @edfdam.65

_FSY 6?1 - @EDFDAEFH SMAGSIBMM_EDK FDI SM_GSYEDK G@ A]SSMDAU FDI @GSMEKD3?

YSFDQFAYEGDQ. Qucpfrt C - Smpgrts Smquermi Yg Cm Lfim.36

§ 6?1.1?Smpgrts rmhftedk tg aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss.33

(f) Smpgrtedk rmquermlmdt ’ 31

(6) Smpgrtfchm trfdsfategds ’ 39

(e) Ed kmdmrfh. Fdy pmrsgd (sghmhy `gr purpgsms g` smategd =116 g` tethm 16, ]detmi Qtftms Agim fdi tjes smategd,3=

‘pmrsgd“ sjfhh jfvm tjm sflm lmfdedk fs udimr 30 ].Q.A. ;;?6 (f)(6)) wjg, ed tjm agursm g` f trfim gr cusedmss 30

ed wjeaj suaj pmrsgd es mdkfkmi, rmamevms aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? ed 6 trfdsfategd (gr 3 gr lgrm rmhftmi3;

trfdsfategds) sjfhh, mxampt fs gtjmrwesm prgveimi, lfbm f rmpgrt g` ed`grlftegd wetj rmspmat tg tjm rmamept g`3:

aurrmday. Yjes smategd igms dgt fpphy tg flgudts rmamevmi ed f trfdsfategd rmpgrtmi udimr 16 ].Q.A. =161 fdi §35

6?1.33.1?

(ee) Amrtfed èdfdaefh trfdsfategds. Qmategd 0?=?E g` tethm 30 g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Agim rmquerms pmrsgds tg rmpgrt16

ed`grlftegd fcgut èdfdaefh trfdsfategds tg tjm ESQ, fdi 16 ].Q.A. =116 rmquerms pmrsgds tg rmpgrt selehfr13

ed`grlftegd fcgut amrtfed trfdsfategds tg tjm @edfdaefh Arelms Md`gramlmdt Dmtwgrb. Yjes ed`grlftegd sjfhh cm11

rmpgrtmi gd tjm sflm `grl fs prmsarecmi cy tjm Qmarmtfry.19

(3) Aurrmday rmamevmi `gr tjm faagudt g` fdgtjmr. Aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi cy f pmrsgd `gr tjm1=

faagudt g` fdgtjmr lust cm rmpgrtmi udimr tjes smategd. Yjus, `gr mxflphm, f pmrsgd wjg aghhmats imhedqumdt10

faagudts rmamevfchm `gr fd futglgcehm imfhmr lust rmpgrt wetj rmspmat tg tjm rmamept g` aurrmday ed mxamss g`1;

$6?,??? rgl tjm aghhmategd g` f pfrteauhfr faagudt mvmd tjgukj tjm prgammis g` tjm aghhmategd frm armietmi tg tjm1:

faagudt g` tjm futglgcehm imfhmr (e.m., wjmrm tjm rekjts tg tjm prgammis `rgl tjm faagudt frm rmtfedmi cy tjm15

futglgcehm imfhmr fdi tjm aghhmategd es lfim gd f `mm-`gr-smrveam cfses).(1) Aurrmday rmamevmi cy fkmdts ’ (e)9?

Kmdmrfh ruhm. Mxampt fs prgveimi ed pfrfkrfpj (f)(1)(ee) g` tjes smategd, f pmrsgd wjg ed tjm agursm g` f trfim gr96

cusedmss fats fs fd fkmdt (gr ed sglm gtjmr selehfr afpfaety) fdi rmamevms aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? `rgl f93

predaepfh lust rmpgrt tjm rmamept g` aurrmday udimr tjes smategd.(ee) Mxamptegd. Fd fkmdt wjg rmamevms aurrmday91

`rgl f predaepfh fdi usms fhh g` tjm aurrmday wetjed 6= ifys ed f aurrmday trfdsfategd (tjm ‘smagdi aurrmday99

trfdsfategd“) wjeaj es rmpgrtfchm udimr smategd =163 g` tethm 16, gr 16 ].Q.A. =116 fdi tjes smategd, fdi wjg9=iesahgsms tjm dflm, fiirmss, fdi tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr g` tjm predaepfh tg tjm rmaepemdt ed tjm smagdi90

aurrmday trfdsfategd dmmi dgt rmpgrt tjm edetefh rmamept g` aurrmday udimr tjes smategd. Fd fkmdt wehh cm immlmi9;

tg jfvm lmt tjm iesahgsurm rmquermlmdts g` tjes pfrfkrfpj (f)(1)(ee) e` tjm fkmdt iesahgsms gdhy tjm dflm g` tjm9:

predaepfh fdi tjm fkmdt bdgws tjft tjm rmaepemdt jfs tjm predaepfh's fiirmss fdi tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr.95

RQG]SAM> jttp>//www.kpg.kgv/ìsys/crgwsm/aghhmategdA`r.fategd7aghhmategdAgim<A@S , Igwdhgfimi=?

6?/3/3?61\=6

Yjm tmrl ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ es tjmd imèdmi fs ‘tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam“ ed 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30).=3

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30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30)6

‘Yjm tmrl 'trfim gr cusedmss' edahuims Res heletmi tg\ tjm pmr`grlfdam g` tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam.“ 3

E` tjm sucnmat g` suaj f rmpgrts es DGY hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed fd mhmatmi gr fppgedtmi puchea g`èam, tjmd es elpgssechm tg agllet1

tjes arelm. Mi Crgwd ieid―t bdgw tjes fdi dmvmr rmcuttmi wjmtjmr jm wfs mdkfkmi ed f ‘trfim gr cusedmss“, fdi tjmrm`grm9

wfs _SMQ]LMI tg cm. Yjes hmfi jel tg m``matevmhy cm faagudtfchm `gr fhh tjm hefcehetems g` f puchea g`èam tjft jm ed `fat iei=

DGY hfwùhhy gaaupy, gdm g` wjeaj wfs tjm lgdmy hfudimredk rmpgrtedk stftutms. Hmfrd tjm hfw sg ygu frmd―t udhfwùhhy0

veatelezmi cy kgvmrdlmdt tjemvms, pmgphm.;

"Ly RKgi's\ pmgphm frm imstrgymi Rfdi mdshfvmi\ `gr hfab g` bdgwhmikm Rfdi tjm hfab g` miuaftegd tjft:

prgiuams et\.“ 5

R Jgsmf 9>0 , Cechm, DBNP\6?

:.3 Hfudimredk g` Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts, 6: ].Q.A. §65=066

Gdm g` tjm lgst `flgus tfateas f agrruptmi kgvmrdlmdt usms tg smhmatevmhy md`gram fkfedst `rmmigl èkjtmrs es tg63

‘smhmatevmhy md`gram“ tjm lgdmy hfudimredk areledfh stftutms. Yjm md`gramlmdt g` suaj stftutms cmkeds usufhhy wetj tjm61

èhedk g` f usufhhy @FHQM Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (QFS) gr Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) fkfedst f ‘pmrsgd g`69

edtmrmst“. Fs wm sfei ed tjm prmvegus smategd, AYS―s fdi QFSs afd GDHU cm èhmi fkfedst tjgsm hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed fd6=

mhmatmi gr fppgedtmi puchea g`èam. E` tjm sucnmat g` tjm rmpgrt es DGY hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed f puchea g`èam, tjmd>60

6. Yjm AYS gr QFS es `fhsm fdi `rfuiuhmdt.6;

3. Yjm tfrkmt g` tjm `fhsm rmpgrt es cmedk lfim tg areledfhhy elpmrsgdftm f puchea g`èamr ed veghftegd g` 6: ].Q.A. §563,6:

g`tmd wetjgut tjmer agdsmdt gr bdgwhmikm.65

1. Yjm suclettmr g` tjm `fhsm gr rfuiuhmdt rmpgrt afd fdi L]QY cm prgsmautmi. Flgdk tjm arelms agllettmi cy3?

suclettedk f `fhsm AYS gr QFS rmpgrt edahuim>36

1.6. 6: ].Q.A. §563> Elpmrsgdftedk f puchea g`èamr.33

1.3. 6: ].Q.A. §6??6> Qtftmlmdts fdi mdtrems kmdmrfhhy.31

1.1. 6: ].Q.A. §6??=> Cfdb mdtrems, rmpgrts, fdi trfdsfategds. Lfbms et f arelm pudesjfchm cy 1? ymfrs ed presgd fdi39

f $6,???,??? èdm tg `fhse`y fdy cfdb rmpgrt.3=

9. Qedam tjm rmpgrts wmrm `fhsm fdi tjm prgiuat g` areledfh fatevety gd tjm pfrt g` tjm suclettmr, tjmd tjmy frm30

EDFILEQQECHM fs mveimdam ed f areledfh prgsmautegd `gr lgdmy hfudimredk gr struaturedk cmafusm tjmy veghftm tjm3;

].Q. Quprmlm Agurt―s @ruet g` f _gesgdgus Yrmm Igatredm. Qmm [gdk Qud v. ]detmi Qtftms , 1;6 ].Q. 9;6, :1 Q.At.3:

9?;, 5 H.Mi.3i. 996 (6501)2 Qehvmrtjgrdm Hulcmr Ag. v. ]detmi Qtftms , 3=6 ].Q. 1:=, 9? Q.At. 6:3, 09 H.Mi. 16535

(653?).1?

5 Jgw èdfdaefh edstetutegds lesrmprmsmdt fdi ehhmkfhhy filedestmr lgdmy hfudimredk stftutms16

5.6 Qfyedk tjft `mimrfh hfw rmquerm fd QQD gr YED ed grimr tg gpmd fd faagudt gr13

AGL_MHHEDK tjm usm gr iesahgsurm g` QQDs gr YEDs11

Dg `mimrfh hfw LFDIFYMQ tjm usm gr iesahgsurm g` fd QQD gr YED `gr tjgsm wjg frm DGY mdkfkmi ed tjm ‘puchea g`èam“ 19

gr ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ `rfdajesm. _mgphm igleaehmi ed f agdstetutegdfh stftm fhh èt ed tjes aftmkgry. Gdhy e` tjmy jfvm f hfwùh1=

mhmategd gr fppgedtlmdt tg puchea g`èam ig tjmy ed `fat cmaglm stftutgry ‘pmrsgds“ gr ‘edieveiufhs“ sucnmat tg `mimrfh aeveh10

hfw. Gtjmrwesm, tjmy frm dgdrmseimdt DGD-_MSQGDQ fdi DGD-EDIEPEI]FHQ cmygdi `mimrfh nuresieategd. @gr1;

mxjfustevm prgg` gd tjes sucnmat, smm>1:

[jy Qtftutgry Aeveh Hfw es Hfw `gr Kgvmrdlmdt fdi Dgt _revftm _mrsgds, @grl #?=.?1;jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl

[m iesauss wjy tjm usm g` QQDs fdi YEDQ afd gdhy cm aglpmhhmi mfrhemr ed smategd 0. 15

5.3 @FHQM AYSs fdi QFSs9?

Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrts (A.Y.S.―s) lfy GDHU cm hfwùhhy èhmi fkfedst tjgsm hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed tjm ‘puchea g`èamr“ 96

fdi ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ `rfdajesm. Yjes es agdèrlmi cy 16 [email protected]. §6?1.1?.93

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Yethm 16 - Lgdmy fdi @edfdam> Yrmfsury6

Pghulm> 63

Iftm> 3?6?-?;-?61

Grekedfh Iftm> 3?6?-?;-?69

Yethm> Qmategd 6?1.1? - Smpgrts rmhftedk tg aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss.=

Agdtmxt> Yethm 16 - Lgdmy fdi @edfdam> Yrmfsury.0

Quctethm C - Smkuhftegds Smhftedk tg Lgdmy fdi @edfdam.;

_FSY 6?1 - @EDFDAEFH SMAGSIBMM_EDK FDI SM_GSYEDK G@ A]SSMDAU FDI @GSMEKD:

YSFDQFAYEGDQ. Qucpfrt C - Smpgrts Smquermi Yg Cm Lfim.5

§ 6?1.1?Smpgrts rmhftedk tg aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi ed f trfim gr cusedmss.6?

(f) Smpgrtedk rmquermlmdt ’ 66

(6) Smpgrtfchm trfdsfategds ’ 63

(e) Ed kmdmrfh. Fdy pmrsgd (sghmhy `gr purpgsms g` smategd =116 g` tethm 16, ]detmi Qtftms Agim fdi tjes smategd,61‘pmrsgd“ sjfhh jfvm tjm sflm lmfdedk fs udimr 30 ].Q.A. ;;?6 (f)(6)) wjg, ed tjm agursm g` f trfim gr cusedmss 69

ed wjeaj suaj pmrsgd es mdkfkmi, rmamevms aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? ed 6 trfdsfategd (gr 3 gr lgrm rmhftmi6=

trfdsfategds) sjfhh, mxampt fs gtjmrwesm prgveimi, lfbm f rmpgrt g` ed`grlftegd wetj rmspmat tg tjm rmamept g`60

aurrmday. Yjes smategd igms dgt fpphy tg flgudts rmamevmi ed f trfdsfategd rmpgrtmi udimr 16 ].Q.A. =161 fdi §6;

6?1.33.6:

(ee) Amrtfed èdfdaefh trfdsfategds. Qmategd 0?=?E g` tethm 30 g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Agim rmquerms pmrsgds tg rmpgrt65

ed`grlftegd fcgut èdfdaefh trfdsfategds tg tjm ESQ, fdi 16 ].Q.A. =116 rmquerms pmrsgds tg rmpgrt selehfr3?



(3) Aurrmday rmamevmi `gr tjm faagudt g` fdgtjmr. Aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi cy f pmrsgd `gr tjm31


faagudts rmamevfchm `gr fd futglgcehm imfhmr lust rmpgrt wetj rmspmat tg tjm rmamept g` aurrmday ed mxamss g`3=

$6?,??? rgl tjm aghhmategd g` f pfrteauhfr faagudt mvmd tjgukj tjm prgammis g` tjm aghhmategd frm armietmi tg tjm30

faagudt g` tjm futglgcehm imfhmr (e.m., wjmrm tjm rekjts tg tjm prgammis `rgl tjm faagudt frm rmtfedmi cy tjm3;futglgcehm imfhmr fdi tjm aghhmategd es lfim gd f `mm-`gr-smrveam cfses).(1) Aurrmday rmamevmi cy fkmdts ’ (e)3:


cusedmss fats fs fd fkmdt (gr ed sglm gtjmr selehfr afpfaety) fdi rmamevms aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? `rgl f1?



trfdsfategd“) wjeaj es rmpgrtfchm udimr smategd =163 g` tethm 16, gr 16 ].Q.A. =116 fdi tjes smategd, fdi wjg11

iesahgsms tjm dflm, fiirmss, fdi tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr g` tjm predaepfh tg tjm rmaepemdt ed tjm smagdi19

aurrmday trfdsfategd dmmi dgt rmpgrt tjm edetefh rmamept g` aurrmday udimr tjes smategd. Fd fkmdt wehh cm immlmi1=

tg jfvm lmt tjm iesahgsurm rmquermlmdts g` tjes pfrfkrfpj (f)(1)(ee) e` tjm fkmdt iesahgsms gdhy tjm dflm g` tjm10

predaepfh fdi tjm fkmdt bdgws tjft tjm rmaepemdt jfs tjm predaepfh's fiirmss fdi tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr.1;

RQG]SAM> jttp>//www.kpg.kgv/ìsys/crgwsm/aghhmategdA`r.fategd7aghhmategdAgim<A@S , Igwdhgfimi1:

6?/3/3?61\15

Yjm tmrl ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ es tjmd imèdmi fs ‘tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam“ ed 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30).9?

30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30)96


E` tjm sucnmat g` suaj f rmpgrts es DGY hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed fd mhmatmi gr fppgedtmi puchea g`èam, tjmd es elpgssechm tg agllet91

tjes arelm.99

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6. @edfdaefh edstetutegds frm fkmdts g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt. Qmm 16 [email protected]. §3?3.3. 6

3. @edfdaefh edstetutegds ediermathy filet tg CMEDK g`èamrs fdi tjmrm`grm fkmdts g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt CU>3

3.6. Fatedk fs stftutgry ‘wetjjghiedk fkmdts― pmr 30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(60), èdfdaefh edstetutegds afddgt mxafpm tjm1

iutems g` cmedk g`èamrs g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt sucnmat tg FHH tjm hfws g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt ed9

agddmategd wetj tjmer iutems.=

3.3. Ahfeledk tjft `mimrfh hfw rmquerms tjml tg ig FDUYJEDK, sedam suaj hfw afd fdi igms rmkuhftm gdhy _]CHEA0

agdiuat g` _]CHEA g`èamrs. @mimrfh aeveh stftutgry hfw afd fdi igms rmkuhftm GDHU suaj g`èamrs. Qmm>;

[jy Qtftutgry Aeveh Hfw es Hfw `gr Kgvmrdlmdt fdi Dgt _revftm _mrsgds, @grl #?=.?1;

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl 1. Fs fkmdts g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt, èdfdaefh edstetutegds fdi tjmer mlphgymms jfvm f èiuaefry iuty tgwfri tjm:

puchea tg prgtmat _SEPFYM prgpmrty. Yjm @ESQY stmp ed tjft prgtmategd es tg prmvmdt fdy pgrtegd g` et gr tjm rekjts5

fssgaeftmi wetj et `rgl cmedk agdvmrtmi edtg _]CHEA prgpmrty gr f _]CHEA g`èam wetjgut tjm MZ_SMQQ fdi6?

ed`grlmi fdi ]DAGMSAMI agdsmdt g` tjm grekedfh gwdmr>66

‘ Fs mxprmssmi gtjmrwesm, tjm pgwmrs imhmkftmi tg f puchea g`èamr frm jmhi ed trust `gr tjm pmgphm fdi frm tg cm63

mxmraesmi ed cmjfh` g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt gr g` fhh aetezmds wjg lfy dmmi tjm edtmrvmdtegd g` tjm g`èamr. 63? 61

@urtjmrlgrm, tjm vemw jfs cmmd mxprmssmi tjft fhh puchea g`èamrs, wetjed wjftmvmr crfdaj fdi wjftmvmr hmvmh69

g` kgvmrdlmdt, fdi wjftmvmr cm tjmer prevftm vgaftegds, frm trustmms g` tjm pmgphm, fdi faagriedkhy hfcgr udimr6=

mvmry iesfcehety fdi prgjecetegd elpgsmi cy hfw upgd trustmms rmhftevm tg tjm lfbedk g` pmrsgdfh edfdaefh kfed60

`rgl f iesajfrkm g` tjmer trusts. 636 Yjft es, f puchea g`èamr gaaupems f èiuaefry rmhftegdsjep tg tjm pgheteafh6;

mdtety gd wjgsm cmjfh` jm gr sjm smrvms. 633 fdi gwms f èiuaefry iuty tg tjm puchea. 631 Et jfs cmmd sfei tjft6:

tjm èiuaefry rmspgdsecehetems g` f puchea g`èamr afddgt cm hmss tjfd tjgsm g` f prevftm edieveiufh. 639 65

@urtjmrlgrm, et jfs cmmd stftmi tjft fdy mdtmrpresm udimrtfbmd cy tjm puchea g`èaefh wjeaj tmdis tg wmfbmd puchea3?

agdèimdam fdi udimrledm tjm smdsm g` smaurety gr edieveiufh rekjts es fkfedst puchea pgheay.63=“ 36

R01A Flmreafd Nuresprgiuamdam 3i, _uchea G`èamrs fdi Mlphgymms, §39; (6555)\33

9. Yjm èiuaefry iuty g` èdfdaefh edstetutegds mstfchesjms tjm jekjmst pgssechm lgrfh fdi hmkfh iuty tg prmvmdt arelms `rgl31

cmedk agllettmi, edahuiedk tjgsm igaulmdtmi jmrmed.39

@eiuaefry iuty. F iuty tg fat `gr sglmgdm mhsm―s cmdmèt, wjehm sucgriedftedk gdm―s pmrsgdfh edtmrmsts tg tjft g`3=

tjm gtjmr pmrsgd. Et es tjm jekjmst stfdifri g` iuty elphemi cy hfw (m.k. trustmm, kufriefd).30

R Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. 03=\3;

6? Im`mdsms fdi Smlmiems fkfedst èdfdaefh edstetutegds `gr ehhmkfhhy rmprmsmdtedk gr md`graedk3:

lgdmy hfudimredk stftutms35

E` ygu frm, ed `fat, dgt f puchea g`èamr ed tjm kgvmrdlmdt gr `rfdajesmm fdi sglmgdm mhsm jfs aglpmhhmi ygu, g`tmd wetjgut1?

ygur bdgwhmikm fdi imèdetmhy wetjgut ygur agdsmdt, tg edvghudtfrehy faampt tjm iutems g` tjm puchea g`èamr strfw lfd, tjm16

hfws hestmi ed tjes smategd lfy cm jmhpùh ed fajemvedk f hmkfh rmlmiy fkfedst tjm pmrsgd gr grkfdezftegd tjft es tjm sguram g`13

tjm iurmss. Yjmsm hfws frm aftmkgrezmi cy tjm nuresieategd tjmy fpphy tg.11

Yjm tfchm fcgvm hests wjft es afhhmi f ‘Iufh g`èam prgjecetegd“. Yjes lmfds tjft ygu afddgt seluhtfdmgushy cm f puchea g`èamr19

ed tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt fdi f puchea g` eamr ed tjm stftm kgvmrdlmdt ft tjm sflm telm. Fdygdm wjg pfrteaepftms ed fdy1=

`mimrfh `rfdajesm gr g`èam fdi fhsg ed stftm `rfdajesms gr g`èams èts tjes imsareptegd.10

63? Qtftm mx rmh. Dfkhm v. Quhhevfd, 5: Lgdt. 93=, 9? _.3i. 55=, 55 F.H.S. 1362 Nmrsmy Aety v. Jfkum, 6: D.N. =:9, 66= F.3i. :.

636 Kmgrkef Imp't g` Julfd Smsgurams v. Qestrudb, 395 Kf. =91, 356 Q.M.3i. =39. F puchea g`èaefh es jmhi ed puchea trust. Lfihmdmr v. @edhmy (6st Iest),

606 Ehh.Fpp.1i. ;50, 661 Ehh.Ima. ;63, =6= D.M.3i. 05;, fpp kr 66; Ehh.Ima. 330, =3? D.M.3i. 1:; fdi rmvi gd gtjmr krgudis 63: Ehh.3i. 69;, 616 Ehh.Ima.69=, =1: D.M.3i. =3?.

633 Ajeafkg _frb Iest. v. Bmdrgy, Eda., ;: Ehh.3i. ===, 1; Ehh.Ima. 356, 9?3 D.M.3i. 6:6, fppmfh f`tmr rmlfdi (6st Iest) 6?; Ehh.Fpp.1i. 333, 01 Ehh.Ima. 619,91; D.M.3i. ;:1.

631 ]detmi Qtftms v. Jghzmr (AF; Ehh) :60 @.3i. 1?9 fdi vfaftmi, rmlfdimi gd gtjmr krgudis 9:9 ].Q. :?;, 5: H.Mi.3i. 6:, 6?: Q At =1, gd rmlfdi (AF;Ehh) :9? @.3i. 6191, amrt imd 9:0 ].Q. 6?1=, 6?? H.Mi.3i. 0?:, 6?: Q At 3?33 fdi (areteaezmi gd gtjmr krgudis cy ]detmi Qtftms v. Gssmr (AF1 _f) :[email protected]. 6?=0) fdi (supmrsmimi cy stftutm gd gtjmr krgudis fs stftmi ed ]detmi Qtftms v. Hetthm (AF= Less) ::5 @.3i. 610;) fdi (flgdk agd`heatedk futjgretemsgd gtjmr krgudis dgtmi ed ]detmi Qtftms v. Cgyhfd (AF6 Lfss), :5: @.3i. 31?, 35 @mi Suhms Mvei Qmrv 6331).

639 Ajeafkg mx rmh. Agjmd v. Bmfdm, 09 Ehh.3i. ==5, 3 Ehh.Ima. 3:=, 1=; D.M.3i. 9=3, hftmr prgammiedk (6st Iest) 6?= Ehh.Fpp.1i. 35:, 06 Ehh.Ima. 6;3, 919

D.M.3i. 13=.

63= Ediefdf Qtftm Mtjeas Agll'd v. Dmhsgd (Edi Fpp) 0=0 D.M.3i. 66;3, rmj kr (Edi Fpp) 0=5 D.M.3i. 30?, rmj imd (Nfd 39, 6550) fdi trfds`mr imd (Lfy 3:,6550).

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl =; g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Yfchm 3> Qtftutgry rmlmiems `gr tjgsm aglpmhhmi tg fat fs puchea g`èamrs fdi strfw lfd6

Nuresieategd Hmkfh Aetm Yypm Yethm Hmkfh Aetm

Fhfcflf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 3=2Frteahm EP,Qmat. 332 Frt. P, Qmat. 6?2 FrteahmPE, Qmategd 63

Fhfcflf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

A.G.F. §61F-6?-6?

Fhfcflf Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t A.G.F. Yethm 61F, Frteahm 6?Fhfsbf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Qmategds 3.=, 1.0, 9.:

Fhfsbf Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t F.Q. §66.90.60?

Fhfsbf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

F.Q. §66.=0.:1?

Frezgdf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 9, _frt 3, Qmategd 92Agdst. Frteahm 0, Qmategd 3:

Frezgdf Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t F.S.Q. §61-3??0

Frezgdf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

F.S.Q. §61-39?0

Frbfdsfs Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd6?2Agdst. Frteahm =, Qmategd;2Frteahm =, Qmategd 6?2 Frt. :?,

Qmat. 69Frbfdsfs Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _uchea

G`èamrF.Q.A. §=-1;-3?:

Afhe`grdef Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm =, Qmategd 3(kgvmrdgr)2Agdst. Frteahm =,Qmategd 692Frteahm ;, Qmategd ;

Afhe`grdef Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t _mdfh Agim §9:9.6

Aghgrfig Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd :(edtmrdfh)

Agddmateaut Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 6, Qmategd 66(edtmrdfh)

Agddmateaut Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t A.K.Q.F. § =1f-635f tg =1f-635a

Imhfwfrm Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 6, Qmategd 65

Imhfwfrm Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t I.A. Yethm 66, Qmategd :=9Imhfwfrm Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _uchea

G`èamrI.A. Yethm 66, Qmategd 5?;(1)

Iestreat g` Aghulcef Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. g` I.A., Frteahm EP, Qmat.9(C) (nuikms)2 Frt. EEE, Qmat, 9(I)(kgvmrdgr)

Iestreat g` Aghulcef Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

I.A. Agim §33-69?9

@hgreif Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd =

@hgreif Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

@.Q. Yethm ZHPE, Qmategd :6;.?3

Kmgrkef Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm E, Qmategd EE, _frf.EEE2 Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd EE,

_frf. EP(c)Kmgrkef Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _uchea

G`èamrG.A.K.F. §60-6?-31

Jfwfee Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd :(edtmrdfh)

Jfwfee Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

J.S.Q. §;6?-6?60

Eifjg Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd ;(nuikms)

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl =: g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Nuresieategd Hmkfh Aetm Yypm Yethm Hmkfh AetmEifjg Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _uchea

G`èamrE.Q. §6:-1??6

Ehhedges Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 3(m)(hmkeshftevm)

Ehhedges Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

;3? EHAQ =/6;-3

Ediefdf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 3, Qmategd 52Agdst.Frteahm 9, Qmategd 1? (hmkeshftevm)

Ediefdf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

E.A. §3=-1?-6-6:

Egwf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 33(hmkeshfturm)2 Agdst. Frteahm EP,Qmategd 69 (kgvmrdgr)

Egwf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

E.A. Yethm ZPE, Qmategd ;6:.3

Bfdsfs Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd 61(nuikms)

Bfdsfs Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

B.S.Q. §36-1:3=

Bmdtuaby Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

B.S.Q. §919.=;?

Bmdtuaby Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t B.S.Q. §=69.0?2 B.S.Q. §=13.?19

Bmdtuaby Qtftutm Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd B.S.Q. §06.?:?

Hguesefdf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 3(edtmrdfh)2 Agdst. Frteahm EP,Qmategd 3 (mxmautevm)

Hguesefdf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

S.Q. §69>663

Lfedm Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 3(edtmrdfh)

Lfedm Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

6;-F L.S.Q. Qmategd 9=;

Lfryhfdi Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Imahfrftegd g` Sekjts,Frteahm 11 (nuikms)2 Agdst. Agdst.Imahfrftegd g` Sekjts, Frteahm 1=(g`èamrs)

Lfryhfdi Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

Qtftutms §:-1?6

Lfssfajusmtts Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Ajfptmr PE, Frteahm 3

Lfssfajusmtts Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

K.H.L. Ajfptmr 30:, Qmategd 11

Leajekfd Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd :

Leajekfd Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

Leaj. _mdfh Agim, AjfptmrZZZP, Qmategd ;=?.36;a

Leddmsgtf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd =

Leddmsgtf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr L.Q. §0?5.9;=

Lessesseppe Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

L.A. §5;-;-91

Lessgure Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm PEE, Qmategd 5

Lessgure Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

L.S.Q. §=;?.331

Lessgure Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t L.S.Q. §=;?.331

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Nuresieategd Hmkfh Aetm Yypm Yethm Hmkfh AetmLgdtfdf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 62

Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 5(g`èam)2Frteahm PEE, Qmategd 5(nuikms)

Lgdtfdf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

L.A.F. §9=-;-3?5

Dmcrfsbf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE-5

Dmcrfsbf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

D.S.Q. §3:-010

Dmcrfsbf Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t D.S.Q. §3:-015

Dmvfif Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 9, Qmategd 5(g`èamrs)

Dmvfif Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

D.S.Q. §65;.63?

Dmw Jflpsjerm Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frt. 59-5=

Dmw Jflpsjerm Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t D.J.S.Q.§1=5-E>3

Dmw Nmrsmy Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 62Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd P,Qmategds 1-92 Agdst. Frteahm P,Qmategd E, Qmategd 1

Dmw Nmrsmy Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

D.N.Q.F. §3A>3:-:

Dmw Lmxeag Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 1(smdftgrs)2Agdst. Frteahm PE,Qmategd 65 (nuikm)

Dmw Lmxeag Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t D.L.Q.F. §1?-60-36.6

Dmw Ugrb Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd ;(hmkeshfturm)2 Agdst. Frteahm PE,Qmategd 3?(c)(6)

Dmw Ugrb Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t Kmdmrfh Cusedmss Hfw 1:?-Q2_mdfh Hfw 65?.;:

Dmw Ugrb Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

_mdfh Hfw §65?.31

Dgrtj Afrghedf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm PE, Qmategd 5

Dgrtj Afrghedf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

D.A.K.Q. §69-3;;

Dgrtj Ifbgtf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

D.I.A.A. §63.6-61-?9

Gjeg Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 3, Qmategd ?9(hmkeshfturm)2 Agdst. Frteahm 9,Qmategd ?0, _frf. (C)

Gjeg Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

Gbhfjglf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd632Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 6:(hmkeshfturm)

Gbhfjglf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

G.Q. Yethm 36, Qmategd 6=11

Gbhfjglf Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t G.Q. Yethm 36, Qmategd 6=11.6

Grmkgd Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 6?

Grmkgd Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

G.S.Q. §603.10=

Grmkgd Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t G.S.Q. §60=.:?1

_mddsyhvfdef Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 6;(nuikms)

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Nuresieategd Hmkfh Aetm Yypm Yethm Hmkfh Aetm_mddsyhvfdef Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t 6: _f.A.F. §963?

Sjgim Eshfdi Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EEE, Qmategd 0

Sjgim Eshfdi Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

K.H.S.E. §66-69-6

Qgutj Afrghedf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 6, Qmategd:(edtmrdfh)2Agdst. Frteahm PE,

Qmategd 1 (g`èamrs)Qgutj Afrghedf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

Q.A.A.G.H. § 60-61-35?

Qgutj Ifbgtf Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd 1

Qgutj Ifbgtf Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

Q.I.A.H. §33-9?-60

Qgutj Ifbgtf Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t Q.I.A.H. §33-9?-:

Ymddmssmm Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 3(edtmrdfh)2Agdst. Frteahm EE,Qmategd 30 (g`èamrs)

Ymddmssmm Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

Y.A. §15-60-1?6

Ymxfs Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 3, Qmategd 6

(edtmrdfh)2Agdst. Frteahm 1, Qmategd6: (hmkeshfturm)2 Agdst. Frteahm 9,Qmategd 0 (mxmautevm)

Ymxfs Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

_mdfh Agim, Qmategd 1;.66

Ymxfs Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t Y.Q. §13.=6

]detmi Qtftms Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

6: ].Q.A. §563

]tfj Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm P, Qmategd 6(edtmrdfh)2Agdst. Frteahm PEEE,Qmategd 6? (nuikms)

]tfj Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

].A. §;0-:-=63

Pmrlgdt Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Ajfptmr EE, Qmategd =9

Pmrlgdt Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

61 P.Q.F. §1??3

Perkedef Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 9(hmkeshfturm)2 Agdst. Frteahm P,Qmategd 9 (kgvmrdgr)

Perkedef Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t A.G.P. §6:.3-6:0.1

[fsjedktgd Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EE, Qmategd 69(hmkeshfturm)2 Agdst. Frteahm EP,Qmategd 6= (nuikms)

[fsjedktgd Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

S.A.[. §6:.;6.65?

[mst Perkedef Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm 0, Qmategd 60(smdftgrs)2 Agdst. Frteahm ;,Qmategd 9 (mxmautevm)2 Agdst.Frteahm :, Qmategd ; (nuikms)

[mst Perkedef Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

[.P.A. §06-=-3;f(m)

[esagdsed Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Frteahm EP, Qmategd 61

[esagdsed Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t [.Q. §591.3?6

[ygledk Agdstetutegd Iufh G`èam _rgjecetegd Agdst. Qmategd 5;-1-??:(hmkeshfturm)2Agdst. Qmategd 5;-=-?3; (nuikms)

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Nuresieategd Hmkfh Aetm Yypm Yethm Hmkfh Aetm[ygledk Qtftutm Arelm> Eimdtety Yjm`t [.Q. §0-1-5?6

[ygledk Qtftutm Arelm> Elpmrsgdftedk _ucheaG`èamr

[.Q. §0-=-1?;

E` ygu wguhi hebm tg rmsmfraj ùrtjmr tjm hfws fdi rmlmiems fvfehfchm ed tjm spmaeèa nuresieategd ygu frm ed, wm jekjhy6

rmagllmdi tjm `ghhgwedk `rmm tggh gd gur wmcsetm>3

6. QMIL Nuresieategds Iftfcfsm, Hetekftegd Yggh #?5.??11

jttp>//smil.grk/Hetekftegd/HetEdimx.jtl9

3. QMIL Nuresieategds Iftfcfsm Gdhedm, Hetekftegd Yggh #?5.??9=

jttp>//smil.grk/Hetekftegd/HetEdimx.jtl0

Yjm fcgvm tggh es fhsg fvfehfchm ft tjm tgp rgw udimr tjm lmdu gd gur Hetekftegd Ygghs pfkm ft tjm hedb cmhgw>;

jttp>//smil.grk/Hetekftegd/HetEdimx.jtl :

66 Agdahusegds fdi sullfry5

[m wehh dgw suaaedathy sullfrezm mvmrytjedk tjft wm jfvm hmfrdmi ed tjes sjgrt lmlgrfdiul g` hfw ed grimr tg mlpjfsezm6?

tjm elpgrtfdt pgedts>66

6. Yjmrm es dgtjedk edjmrmdthy wrgdk wetj prmvmdtedk ehhmkfh fatevetems cy prmvmdtedk tjm `hgw g` lgdmy tjft sucseiezm tjml.63

3. Et es f ASELM tg èhm f Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) fkfedst tjgsm dgt hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed tjm ‘puchea g`èam“ 61

gr ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ `rfdajesm. Yjm arelms agllettmi edahuim>69

3.6. 6: ].Q.A. §563> Elpmrsgdftedk f puchea g`èamr.6=

3.3. 6: ].Q.A. §6??6> Qtftmlmdts fdi mdtrems kmdmrfhhy.60

3.1. 6: ].Q.A. §6??=> Cfdb mdtrems, rmpgrts, fdi trfdsfategds. Lfbms et f arelm pudesjfchm cy 1? ymfrs ed presgd fdi6;

f $6,???,??? èdm tg `fhse`y fdy cfdb rmpgrt.6:

1. [jmd èdfdaefh edstetutegds fsb `gr fd QQD gr YED ed grimr tg gpmd fd faagudt, tjmy frm fsbedk Y[G qumstegds>65

1.6. Frm ygu f puchea g`èamr gd g`èaefh cusedmss73?

1.3. E` sg, wjft es ygur IM @FAYG HEAMDQM D]LCMS tg fat ed tjft afpfaety736

E` ygu prgveim fdy dulcmr ft fhh, tjmd ygu fdswmrmi UMQ tg tjm èrst g` tjm fcgvm twg qumstegds.33

9. Cy aglpmhhedk faagudt jghimrs tg usm gr iesahgsm f kgvmrdlmdt eimdte`yedk dulcmrs, èdfdaefh edstetutegds ediermathy frm>31

9.6. Fatedk fs `mimrfh mlphgylmdt rmaruetmrs.39

9.3. Agllettedk eimdtety tjm`t, cy agddmatedk ygu wetj f stftus tjft ygu afddgt udehftmrfhhy agdsmdt tg jfvm.3=

9.1. Afusedk ygu tg areledfhhy elpmrsgdftm f puchea g`èamr ed veghftegd g` 6: ].Q.A. §563.30

9.9. Lfbedk ygu edtg tjm mquevfhmdt g` f ‘Bmhhy Kerh“ wgrbedk `gr ]dahm fdi gd hgfd tg tjm èdfdaefh edstetutegd.3;

9.=. Lfbedk ygu edtg f aglpmhhmi fkmdt g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt>3:

‘Fhh tjm pgwmrs g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt Redahuiedk FHH g` ets aeveh md`gramlmdt pgwmrs fkfedst tjm puchea\ lust cm35

afrremi edtg gpmrftegd cy edieveiufh fkmday, metjmr tjrgukj tjm lmieul g` puchea g`èamrs, gr agdtrfats lfim1?

wetj Rprevftm\ edieveiufhs.“ 16

RGscgrd v. Cfdb g` ].Q., 33 ].Q. ;1: (6:39)\13

=. Et es ygur I]YU fs fd ed`grlmi Flmreafd tg>11

=.6. Miuaftm fhh èdfdaefh edstetutegds fcgut tjm agdtmdt g` tjes pflpjhmt.19

=.3. Miuaftm ygur hgvmi gdms fcgut tjm agdtmdt g` tjes pflpjhmt.1=

=.1. Mdsurm tjft ygur cusedmss fssgaeftms fdi mspmaefhhy èdfdaefhhy edstetutegds aglphy sarupuhgushy wetj tjm hfw cy10

DGY>1;

=.1.6. Aglpmhhedk tjm usm g` kgvmrdlmdt eimdte`yedk dulcmr.1:

=.1.3. @ehedk AYS―s gr QFS―s fkfedst tjgsm suaj fs ygursmh` wjg frm DGY hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed f puchea g`èam ed tjm15

kgvmrdlmdt.9?

63 Smsgurams `gr ùrtjmr stuiy fdi rmcuttfh96

F dulcmr g` fiietegdfh rmsgurams frm fvfehfchm `gr tjgsm wjg wesj tg ùrtjmr edvmstekftm tjm agdtmdts g` tjm pflpjhmt>93

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6. Hfws6

6.6. Cfdb Qmarmay Fat (C.Q.F.)3

6.6.6. 16 ].Q.A. Ajfptmr =1, Qucajfptmr EE> Smagris fdi Smpgrts gd Lgdmtfry Edstrulmdts Yrfdsfategds1

jttp>//www.hfw.agrdmhh.miu/usagim/tmxt/16/suctethm-EP/ajfptmr-=1/sucajfptmr-EE 9

6.6.3. [ebepmief> Cfdb Qmarmay Fat (C.Q.F.)=

jttp>//md.webepmief.grk/webe/CfdbWQmarmayWFat 0

6.6.1. [ebepmief> Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.);

jttp>//md.webepmief.grk/webe/AurrmdayWtrfdsfategdWrmpgrt :

6.6.9. [ebepmief> Quspeaegus Fatevety Smpgrt (Q.F.S.)5

jttp>//md.webepmief.grk/webe/QuspeaegusWFatevetyWSmpgrt 6?

6.6.=. [ebepmief> _ftregt Fat66

jttp>//md.webepmief.grk/webe/]QFW_ftregtWFat 63

6.3. 16 [email protected]. _frt 6?1> @edfdaefh Smagribmmpedk fdi Smpgrtedk g` Aurrmday fdi @grmekd Yrfdsfategds-Yrmfsury61

jttp>//ma`r.kpgfaamss.kgv/ake/t/tmxt/tmxt-69

eix7a<ma`r&sei<0aa5a`fca1if`;i63a36:3:5`:3=c?c3&tph</ma`rcrgwsm/Yethm16/16a`r6?1WlfedW?3.tph 6=

6.1. @mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat , 1: Qtft. 3=6-3;=, 05?-056, Ima. 33, 6561.60

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Yfx@rmmigl/Futjgretems/@miHfw/@miSmsmrvmFat-1:Qtft3=6-3;=,05?-056.pi` 6;

3. Kgvmrdlmdt Smsmfraj6:

3.6. Hmkfh Ymdimr Qtftus, ]detmi Qtftms Impt. g` Yrmfsury [mcsetm.65

jttp>//www.ustrmfs.kgv/miuaftegd/`fq/aurrmday/hmkfh-tmdimr.sjtlh 3?

3.3. F _relmr gd Lgdmy, @grl #66.=?6, ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt _redtedk G`èam, 6509, 696 pfkms.36

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Lgdmy/pftlfd-prelmr-gd-lgdmy.pi` 33

3.1. 605 Vumstegds fdi Fdswmrs Fcgut Lgdmy, @grl #66.=?3, ].Q. Kgvmrdlmdt _redtedk G`èam, 6509. Qupphmlmdt31

tg F _relmr gd Lgdmy.39

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/_ucheaftegds/605V&FGdLgdmy/lgdmy.jtl 3=

3.9. @edamd> Lgdmy Qmrveams Cusedmss _fkm-wmcsetm spgdsgrmi cy Impt g` Yrmfsury tg prgveim ed`grlftegd fcgut30

aurrmday trfdsfategd rmpgrtedk3;

jttp>//www.èdamd.kgv/èdfdaefhWedstetutegds/lsc/ 3:

3.=. @EDAMD `grls, @EDAMD-typms g` ed`grlftegd tjft èdfdaefh edstetutegds fdi afsedgs smdi tg cek crgtjmr35

jttp>//www.èdamd.kgv/rmkWcsf`grls.jtlh 1?

3.0. @edYrfa Afdfif -Afdfiefd trfabedk g` èdfdaefh trfdsfategds16

jttp>//www.èdtrfa-afdf`m.ka.af/edtrg-mdk.fsp 13

3.;. Cfdb Qmarmay Fat Smquermlmdts> F Vueab Sm`mrmdam Kueim `gr Lgdmy Qmrveam Cusedmssms11

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Agllmram/csfWqueabrm`kueim.pi` 19

3.:. Smpgrtedk Quspeaegus Fatevety> F Vueab Sm`mrmdam Kueim `gr Lgdmy Qmrveam Cusedmssms, @EDAMD1=jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Agllmram/lscsfrWqueabrm`kueim.pi` 10

3.5. Lgdmy Hfudimredk _rmvmdtegd> F Lgdmy Qmrveams Cusedmss Kueim, @EDAMD1;

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Agllmram/lscWprmvmdtegdWkueim.pi` 1:

3.6?. QMA Smhmfsm Dg. 19-9;;=3, @ehm Dg. Q;-3=-?3-Austglmr Eimdteèaftegd _rgkrfls `gr Crgbmr Imfhmrs (G@@QEYM15

HEDB)9?

jttp>//www.sma.kgv/ruhms/èdfh/19-9;;=3.jtl 96

3.66. @mfsfcehety g` Argss-Cgrimr Mhmatrgdea @udis Yrfds`mr Smpgrtedk Qystml -@EDAMD rmpgrt tg Agdkrmss93

jttp>//www.èdamd.kgv/argssWcgrimr/edimx.jtlh 91

1. QMIL Smsmfraj99

1.6. Imlfdi `gr Pmreèmi Mveimdam g` "Yrfim gr Cusedmss" Fatevety-Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.), @grl9=

#?9.??:-`grl tg kevm èdfdaefh edstetutegds tjft frm ehhmkfhhy prmpfredk Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrts (A.Y.S.―s) 90

`gr afsj wetjirfwfhs g` $6?,??? gr lgrm9;

1.3. Hmkfh Imamptegd, _rgpfkfdif, fdi @rfui , @grl #?=.?699:


1.1. Kgvmrdlmdt Eimdtety Yjm`t , @grl #?=.?90=?

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl =6

1.9. Yjm Lgdmy Qafl, @grl #?=.?96- imtfehmi rmsmfraj prgvedk tjmrm es dg hfwùh lgdmy fdi tjmrm`grm dg ‘aurrmday“ =3

tg rmpgrt=1

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl =9

9. @flehy Kufriefd Smsmfraj==

9.6. @mimrfh Yrfdsfategd Smpgrtedk Smquermlmdts, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep-wjft ygu jfvm tg tmhh tjm `mis fcgut=0

ygur trfdsfategds, wjeaj es DGYJEDK ed lgst afsms=;

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http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/subtitle-IV/chapter-53/subchapter-II




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http://www.ustreas.gov/education/faq/currency/legal-tender.shtml


http://famguardian.org/Subjects/MoneyBanking/Money/patman-primer-on-money.pdf


http://famguardian.org/Publications/169Q&AOnMoney/money.htm


http://www.fincen.gov/financial_institutions/msb/


http://www.fincen.gov/reg_bsaforms.html


http://www.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/intro-eng.asp


http://famguardian.org/Subjects/MoneyBanking/Commerce/bsa_quickrefguide.pdf


http://famguardian.org/Subjects/MoneyBanking/Commerce/msbsar_quickrefguide.pdf


http://famguardian.org/Subjects/MoneyBanking/Commerce/msb_prevention_guide.pdf


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jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/EimdtetyYjm`t/@miYrfdsSmptdSmquermlmdts.jtl 6

9.3. Lgdmy, Cfdbedk, fdi Armiet _fkm-@flehy Kufriefd [mcsetm. Qmm smategd = ed pfrteauhfr gd Lgdmy.3

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/LgdmyCfdbedk.jtl 1

9.1. Lgimrd Lgdmy Lmajfdeas, @grl #66.=?5, @mimrfh Smsmrvm Cfdb g` Ajeafkg- jgw cfdbs armftm lgdmy9

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Lgdmy/LgimrdLgdmyLmajfdeas/lll3.jtl =

9.9. Yjm Agledk Cftthm, L.[. [fhcmrt, 6:55. Yjm jestgry g` gur cfdbedk systml.0

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/_ucheaftegds/YjmAgledkCftthm/actfcagd.jtl ;

9.=. Lgdmy fdi tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Qystml> Lytj fdi Smfhety, Agdkrmssegdfh Smsmfraj Qmrveam Smpgrt #50-0;3M,:

Nuhy 16, 6550.5

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/@mimrfhSmsmrvm/@SQ-lytj.jtl 6?

9.0. Qmarmts g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm, @grl #66.=6?, Mustfam Luhheds, 6556.66

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/_uchesjmiFutjgrs/Ediev/LuhhedsMusteam/QmarmtsG`@miSmsmrvm/YGA.jtl 63

9.;. Yjm Krmft Aggbem Nfr , @grl #66.=?=, Ir. Miwfri _gpp, 65;:. F sajghfrhy stuiy g` lgdmy.61

9.:. Lgdmy, Cgdf @eim gr Dgd-Cgdf @eim, @grl #66.=?0, Ir. Miwfri _gpp, 65;?. Cggb wjeaj mxpgsms tjm safl g`69

gur prmsmdt lgdmy systml.6=

9.5. Imcudbedk @mimrfh Smsmrvm Agdsperfay Yjmgrems, Miwfri @hfjmrty.60

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/@mimrfhSmsmrvm/@Sagdsperm/@Sagdsperm.jtl 6;

9.6?. Lgdmy Crem` -Hfrry Cmarf`t, Agdstetutegdfh fttgrdmy6:

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Lgdmy/LGDMUcrem`.jtl 65

9.66. @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms frm Dgt Hmkfh Ymdimr, @flehy Kufriefd @mhhgwsjep 3?

jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/Qucnmats/LgdmyCfdbedk/Lgdmy/`mimrfh-rmsmrvm-dgtms-dgt-hmkfh-tmdimr.pi` 36

=. Yjeri _frty Smsmfraj33

=.6. Flmreafd Aurrmday Mxjecet -@mimrfh Smsmrvm Cgfri, Qfd @rfdaesag31

jttp>//www.`rcs`.grk/aurrmday/edimx.jtlh 39

=.3. _emams g` Mekjt , Qmagdi Smvesegd, Miwed Pemrf2 EQCD-6?-?50;6;=56;, 3??3. Yjm lgst aglprmjmdsevm stuiy g`3=

agdstetutegdfh lgdmy mvmr igdm. Lr. Pemrf jfs f _jI ed hfw.30

jttp>//www.miwedvemerf.agl/ 3;

=.1. @mimrfh Smsmrvm [mcsetm 3:

jttp>//www.`mimrfhrmsmrvm.kgv/ 35

=.9. Lgdmy Lfstmrs Peimg Igaulmdtfry, @grl #66.=66, Cehh Qtehhs. Peimg igaulmdtfry gd tjm agrruptegd g` gur1?

lgdmy systml.16

jttp>//www.tjmlgdmylfstmrs.agl/ 13

=.=. Yjm Armfturm `rgl Nmbyhh Eshfdi , @grl #66.=?:, Mi Kre`èd. Igaulmdtfry fcgut tjm jestgry g` tjm grlftegd g`11

tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm.19

jttp>//rmfhetyzgdm.stgrms.yfjgg.dmt/ 1==.0. Yjm Yjmgry g` Lgdmy fdi Armiet , @grl #66.=?1, Huiwek Pgd Lesms, 6563.10

jttp>//www.magdhec.grk/hecrfry/Lesms/lsYAgdtmdts.jtlh 1;

61 Vumstegds tjft Smfimrs, Krfdi Nurgrs, fdi _mtet Nurgrs Qjguhi cm Fsbedk tjm Kgvmrdlmdt1:

Yjmsm qumstegds frm prgveimi `gr rmfimrs, Krfdi Nurgrs, fdi _mtet Nurgrs tg prmsmdt tg tjm kgvmrdlmdt gr fdygdm mhsm wjg15

wguhi ajfhhmdkm tjm `fats fdi hfw fppmfredk ed tjes pflpjhmt, lgst g` wjgl wgrb `gr tjm kgvmrdlmdt gr stfdi tg kfed9?

èdfdaefhhy `rgl pmrpmtuftedk tjm `rfui. E` ygu èdi ygursmh` ed rmamept g` tjes pflpjhmt, ygu frm imlfdimi tg fdswmr tjm96

qumstegds wetjed 6? ifys. _ursufdt tg @mimrfh Suhm g` Aeveh _rgamiurm :( c)(0), `fehurm tg imdy wetjed 6? ifys agdstetutms fd93

filessegd tg mfaj qumstegd. _ursufdt tg 30 ].Q.A. §0?0=, fhh g` ygur fdswmrs lust cm sekdmi udimr pmdfhty g` pmrnury. [m91

frm dgt edtmrmstmi ed fkmday pgheay, cut gdhy sgurams g` rmfsgdfchm cmhem` eimdteèmi ed tjm pflpjhmt cmhgw>99

Smfsgdfchm Cmhem` Fcgut Edaglm Yfx Hefcehety, @grl #?=.??;jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl

Ugur fdswmrs wehh cmaglm mveimdam ed ùturm hetekftegd, sjguhi tjft cm dmamssfry ed grimr tg prgtmat tjm rekjts g` tjm pmrsgd9=

fkfedst wjgl ygu frm fttmlptedk tg udhfwùhhy md`gram `mimrfh hfw.90

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61.6 Vumstegds fcgut aglpmhhmi usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs fdi Yfxpfymr Eimdteèaftegd6

Dulcmrs3

6. Filet tjft tjm Qgaefh Qmaurety Afri fdi dulcmr frm prgpmrty g` tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt.1

Yethm 3?> Mlphgymms' Cmdmèts9

_FSY 933 ’ GSKFDE^FYEGD FDI _SGAMI]SMQ =

Qucpfrt C ’ Kmdmrfh _rgamiurms 0

§ 933.6?1 Qgaefh smaurety dulcmrs. ;

(i) Qgaefh smaurety dulcmr afris. F pmrsgd wjg es fssekdmi f sgaefh smaurety dulcmr wehh rmamevm f sgaefh:

smaurety dulcmr afri rgl QQF wetjed f rmfsgdfchm telm f`tmr tjm dulcmr jfs cmmd fssekdmi. (Qmm §933.6?95

rmkfriedk tjm fssekdlmdt g` sgaefh smaurety dulcmr afris tg fhemds.) Qgaefh smaurety dulcmr afris frm tjm6?

prgpmrty g` QQF fdi lust cm rmturdmi upgd rmqumst.66

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW63

@ekurm 6> Cfab g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Afri61

69

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy6=

3. Filet tjft et es f arelm `gr f _SEPFYM pfrty tg usm puchea prgpmrty `gr pmrsgdfh kfed. Qmm 6: ].Q.A. §0=9.60

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy6;

1. Filet tjft f _SEPFYM pmrsgd pgssmssedk gr usedk _]CHEA prgpmrty ed agddmategd wetj fd gtjmrwesm _SEPFYM6:

trfdsfategd gr _SEPFYM èdfdaefh edstrulmdt es prmsulmi tg cm f puchea g`èamr gd g`èaefh cusedmss.65

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy3?

9. Filet tjft et gdm afddgt udehftmrfhhy ‘mhmat“ tjmlsmhvms edtg puchea g`èam cy selphy èhhedk gut f kgvmrdlmdt `grl, mvmd36

e` tjmy agdsmdt tg ig sg.33

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy31

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=. Filet tjft fd QQF @grl QQ-= ASMFYMQ dg dmw puchea g`èams, cut lmrmhy prgveims f wfy gr tjgsm FHSMFIU smrvedk6

ed puchea g`èam tg prgaurm f IM @FAYG HEAMDQM dulcmr tg ig sg.3

@ekurm 3> Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Heamdsm1

9

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy=

0. Filet tjft et es f arelm pmr 93 ].Q.A. §9?:(f)(:) tg aglpmh tjm usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs.0

YEYHM 93 - YJM _]CHEA JMFHYJ FDI [MH@FSM;

AJF_YMS ; - QGAEFH QMA]SEYU:

Q]CAJF_YMS EE - @MIMSFH GHI-FKM, Q]SPEPGSQ, FDI IEQFCEHEYU EDQ]SFDAM CMDM@EYQ5

Qma. 9?:. _mdfhtems 6?

66

Ed kmdmrfh63

[jgmvmr -... 61

(:) iesahgsms, usms, gr aglpmhs tjm iesahgsurm g` tjm sgaefh smaurety dulcmr g` fdy pmrsgd ed veghftegd g` tjm69

hfws g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms2 sjfhh cm kuehty g` f `mhgdy fdi upgd agdveategd tjmrmg` sjfhh cm èdmi udimr tethm 6:6=

gr elpresgdmi `gr dgt lgrm tjfd èvm ymfrs, gr cgtj.60


;. Filet tjft tjmrm es dg prgvesegd wetjed fdy `mimrfh hfw lfdiftedk tjm usm g` Qgaefh Qmaurety Dulcmrs `gr tjgsm wjg frm6:

dgt sucnmat tg `mimrfh hfw fdi tjmrm`grm dgt ‘pmrsgds“ gr ‘edieveiufhs“ udimr sfei hfw.65


:. Filet tjft tjgsm igleaehmi gutseim g` tjm stftutgry ‘]detmi Qtftms“ (lmfdedk `mimrfh tmrretgry), suaj fs tjgsm igleaehmi36

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(3) Aurrmday rmamevmi `gr tjm faagudt g` fdgtjmr. Aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? rmamevmi cy f pmrsgd `gr tjm1


faagudts rmamevfchm `gr fd futglgcehm imfhmr lust rmpgrt wetj rmspmat tg tjm rmamept g` aurrmday ed mxamss g`=

$6?,??? rgl tjm aghhmategd g` f pfrteauhfr faagudt mvmd tjgukj tjm prgammis g` tjm aghhmategd frm armietmi tg tjm0

faagudt g` tjm futglgcehm imfhmr (e.m., wjmrm tjm rekjts tg tjm prgammis `rgl tjm faagudt frm rmtfedmi cy tjm;

futglgcehm imfhmr fdi tjm aghhmategd es lfim gd f `mm-`gr-smrveam cfses).(1) Aurrmday rmamevmi cy fkmdts ’ (e):


cusedmss fats fs fd fkmdt (gr ed sglm gtjmr selehfr afpfaety) fdi rmamevms aurrmday ed mxamss g` $6?,??? `rgl f6?



trfdsfategd“) wjeaj es rmpgrtfchm udimr smategd =163 g` tethm 16, gr 16 ].Q.A. =116 fdi tjes smategd, fdi wjg61

iesahgsms tjm dflm, fiirmss, fdi tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr g` tjm predaepfh tg tjm rmaepemdt ed tjm smagdi69

aurrmday trfdsfategd dmmi dgt rmpgrt tjm edetefh rmamept g` aurrmday udimr tjes smategd. Fd fkmdt wehh cm immlmi6=

tg jfvm lmt tjm iesahgsurm rmquermlmdts g` tjes pfrfkrfpj (f)(1)(ee) e` tjm fkmdt iesahgsms gdhy tjm dflm g` tjm60

predaepfh fdi tjm fkmdt bdgws tjft tjm rmaepemdt jfs tjm predaepfh's fiirmss fdi tfxpfymr eimdteèaftegd dulcmr.6;

RQG]SAM> jttp>//www.kpg.kgv/ìsys/crgwsm/aghhmategdA`r.fategd7aghhmategdAgim<A@S , Igwdhgfimi6:

6?/3/3?61\65


3. Filet tjft f ‘trfim gr cusedmss“ es imèdmi ed 30 ].Q.A §;;?6(f)(30) fs ‘tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam“. 36

30 ].Q.A. §;;?6(f)(30)33



1. Filet tjft tjm ruhms g` stftutgry agdstruategd @GSCEI fiiedk fdytjedk tg tjm fcgvm imèdetegd g` ‘trfim gr cusedmss“. 3=

‘[jmd f stftutm edahuims fd mxpheaet imèdetegd, wm lust ghhgw tjft imèdetegd, mvmd e` et vfrems `rgl tjft tmrl's30

griedfry lmfdedk. Lmmsm v. Bmmdm, 9:6 ].Q. 90=, 9:9-9:= (65:;) (‘Et es fxeglftea tjft tjm stftutgry imèdetegd3;

g` tjm tmrl mxahuims udstftmi lmfdedks g` tjft tmrl“)2 Aghfutte v. @rfdbhed, 915 ].Q. ft 153-151, d. 6? (‘Fs f3:

ruhm, of imèdetegd wjeaj imahfrms wjft f tmrl ‘lmfds“ . . . mxahuims fdy lmfdedk tjft es dgt stftmi'‘)2 [mstmrd35

]degd Ymhmkrfpj Ag. v. Hmdrggt, 131 ].Q. 95?, =?3 (659=)2 @gx v. Qtfdifri Geh Ag. g` D.N., 359 ].Q. :;, 5=-501?

(651=) (Afrigzg, N.)2 smm fhsg 3F D. Qedkmr, Qutjmrhfdi gd Qtftutms fdi Qtftutgry Agdstruategd § 9;.?;, p. 6=3,16fdi d. 6? (=tj mi. 6553) (aghhmatedk afsms). Yjft es tg sfy, tjm stftutm, rmfi ‘ fs f wjghm,“ pgst ft 55: R=1? ].Q.13

591\ (YJGLFQ, N., iessmdtedk), hmfis tjm rmfimr tg f imèdetegd. Yjft imèdetegd igms dgt edahuim tjm Fttgrdmy11

Kmdmrfh's rmstreategd -- ‘tjm ajehi up tg tjm jmfi.“ Ets wgris, ‘sucstfdtefh pgrtegd,“ edieaftm tjm agdtrfry.“ 19

RQtmdcmrk v. Afrjfrt, =1? ].Q. 569 (3???)\ 1=

‘ Mxprmsseg udeus mst mxahuseg fhtmreus. F lfxel g` stftutgry edtmrprmtftegd lmfdedk tjft tjm mxprmssegd g` gdm10

tjedk es tjm mxahusegd g` fdgtjmr. Curked v. @grcms, 351 By. 9=0, 605 Q.[.3i. 136, 13=2 Dmwchgab v. Cgwhms,1;

6;? Gbh. 9:;, 9? _.3i. 6?5;, 66??. Lmdtegd g` gdm tjedk elphems mxahusegd g` fdgtjmr. [jmd amrtfed pmrsgds gr1:

tjedks frm spmaeèmi ed f hfw, agdtrfat, gr wehh, fd edtmdtegd tg mxahuim fhh gtjmrs `rgl ets gpmrftegd lfy cm15

ed`mrrmi. ]dimr tjes lfxel, e` stftutm spmaeèms gdm mxamptegd tg f kmdmrfh ruhm gr fssulms tg spmae`y tjm m``mats9?

g` f amrtfed prgvesegd, gtjmr mxamptegds gr m``mats frm mxahuimi.“ 96

RChfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. =:6\93


9. Filet tjft gdm afddgt hfwùhhy mxmautm ‘tjm ùdategds g` f puchea g`èam“ wetjgut ed `fat fdi ed immi CMEDK f ‘puchea 99

g`èamr“. 9=


=. Filet tjft f Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) èhmi fkfedst tjgsm DGY hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed f ‘puchea g`èam“ es f9;

@FHQM rmpgrt cmafusm et lesrmprmsmdts tjm aeveh QYFY]Q g` tjm pmrsgd et imsarecms.9:

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0. Filet tjft et es f `mimrfh arelm tg èhm f `fhsm Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.).3


;. Filet tjft `ghhgwedk arelms gaaur wjmd f Aurrmday Yrfdsfategd Smpgrt (A.Y.S.) es èhmi fkfedst tjgsm DGY hfwùhhy9

mdkfkmi ed f puchea g`èam.=

;.6 6: ].Q.A. §563> Elpmrsgdftedk f puchea g`èamr.0

;.3 6: ].Q.A. §6??6> Qtftmlmdts fdi mdtrems kmdmrfhhy.;

;.1 6: ].Q.A. §6??=> Cfdb mdtrems, rmpgrts, fdi trfdsfategds. Lfbms et f arelm pudesjfchm cy 1? ymfrs ed presgd fdi f:

$6,???,??? èdm tg `fhse`y fdy cfdb rmpgrt.5


:. Filet tjft f wrgdkùhhy suclettmi AYS èhmi fkfedst tjgsm dgt hfwùhhy mdkfkmi ed f puchea g`èam lfy dgt cm usmi fs66

mveimdam ed f areledfh prgsmautegdk cmafusm et veghftms tjm ].Q. Quprmlm Agurts ‘@ruet g` f _gesgdgus Yrmm Igatredm“ 63

imsarecmi ed [gdk Qud v. ]detmi Qtftms , 1;6 ].Q. 9;6, :1 Q.At. 9?;, 5 H.Mi.3i. 996 (6501)2 Qehvmrtjgrdm Hulcmr Ag.61

v. ]detmi Qtftms , 3=6 ].Q. 1:=, 9? Q.At. 6:3, 09 H.Mi. 165 (653?).69


5. Filet tjft fhh tjgsm tjg GCMU gr MD@GSAM fdy `mimrfh hfw frm ed `fat fkmdts g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt.60

‘F prevftm pmrsgd afddgt lfbm agdstetutegds gr hfws, dgr afd jm wetj futjgrety agdstrum tjml, dgr afd jm6;

filedestmr gr mxmautm tjml.“ 6:

R]detmi Qtftms v. Jfrres, 6?0 ].Q. 035, 6 Q.At. 0?6, 3; H.Mi. 35? (6::1)\65

‘Fhh tjm pgwmrs g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt Redahuiedk FHH g` ets aeveh md`gramlmdt pgwmrs fkfedst tjm puchea\ lust cm3?

afrremi edtg gpmrftegd cy edieveiufh fkmday, metjmr tjrgukj tjm lmieul g` puchea g`èamrs, gr agdtrfats lfim36

wetj Rprevftm\ edieveiufhs.“ 33

RGscgrd v. Cfdb g` ].Q., 33 ].Q. ;1: (6:39)\31

‘ Yjm rmfsgd wjy Qtftms frm ‘ cgiems pghetea fdi agrpgrftm“ es selphm> nust fs f agrpgrftegd es fd mdtety tjft afd39

fat gdhy tjrgukj ets fkmdts, ‘Rt\jm Qtftm es f pgheteafh agrpgrftm cgiy, afd fat gdhy tjrgukj fkmdts, fdi afd3=

agllfdi gdhy cy hfws.“ _gedimxtmr v. Krmmdjgw, suprf, 669 ].Q., ft 3::, = Q.At. ft 563-561. Qmm fhsg Chfab―s 30

Hfw Ieategdfry 6=5 (=tj mi. 65;5) (‘ RC\giy pghetea gr agrpgrftm“> ‘F sgaefh aglpfat cy wjeaj tjm wjghm pmgphm3;

agvmdfdts wetj mfaj aetezmd, fdi mfaj aetezmd wetj tjm wjghm pmgphm, tjft fhh sjfhh cm kgvmrdmi cy amrtfed hfws gr3:

tjm agllgd kggi“). Fs f ‘ cgiy pghetea fdi agrpgrftm ,“ f Qtftm `fhhs squfrmhy wetjed tjm Ieategdfry Fat's35

imèdetegd g` f ‘pmrsgd.“ 1?

R[ehh v. Leajekfd Impt. g` Qtftm _gheam, 956 ].Q. =:, 6?5 Q.At. 31?9 (].Q.Leaj.,65:5)\16

‘ Yjm kgvmrdlmdt tjus hfys f tfx, tjrgukj tjm RKGPMSDLMDY\ edstrulmdtfhety R_]CHEA G@@EAM\ g` tjm13

aglpfdy Rf @MIMSFH fdi dgt QYFYM agrpgrftegd\, upgd tjm edaglm g` f dgd-rmseimdt fhemd gvmr wjgl et11

afddgt nusthy mxmraesm fdy agdtrgh, dgr upgd wjgl et afd nusthy hfy fdy curimd.“ 19

R]detmi Qtftms v. Mrem S. Ag., 6?0 ].Q. 13; (6::3)\1=


6?. Filet tjft edvghudtfry smrvetuim ed veghftegd g` tjm Yjertmmdtj Flmdilmdt jfs gaaurrmi wjmd fdygdm es aglpmhhmi,1;

fkfedst tjmer wehh, tg cmaglm fd g`èamr gr fkmdt g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt, gr tg gcmy fdy mimrfh aeveh hfw wetjgut imlgdstrftmi1:

mveimdam g` tjmer agdsmdt tg cm Q]CNMAY tg suaj hfw.15

_mgdfkm. F agdietegd g` smrvetuim (prgjecetmi cy tjm 61tj Flmdilmdt) aglpmhhedk pmrsgds tg pmr`grl hfcgr ed9?

grimr tg pfy g`` f imct.96

R Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry, Qextj Mietegd, p. 661=\93

‘Yjft et igms dgt agd`heat wetj tjm Yjertmmdtj Flmdilmdt, wjeaj fcghesjmi shfvmry fdi edvghudtfry smrvetuim,91

mxampt fs f pudesjlmdt `gr arelm, es tgg ahmfr `gr frkulmdt. Qhfvmry elphems edvghudtfry smrvetuim ’ f stftm g`99

cgdifkm2 tjm gwdmrsjep g` lfdbedi fs f ajfttmh, gr ft hmfst tjm agdtrgh g` tjm hfcgr fdi smrveams g` gdm lfd `gr9=

tjm cmdmèt g` fdgtjmr, fdi tjm fcsmdam g` f hmkfh rekjt tg tjm iespgsfh g` jes gwd pmrsgd, prgpmrty, fdi smrveams90

Red tjmer mdtermty\. Yjes flmdilmdt wfs sfei ed tjm Qhfukjtmr Jgusm Afsms, 60 [fhh. 10, tg jfvm cmmd edtmdimi9;

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl ;? g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW

Chfab―s Hfw Ieategdfry.6


;. Filet tjft rmimmlfcehety g` @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms mdimi g`èaefhhy ed 65;6 wetj _rmseimdtefh _rgahflftegd 9?;9.1


:. Filet tjft _rmseimdtefh _rgahflftegd 9?;9 wfs essumi udimr tjm futjgrety g` 63 ].Q.A. §5=f fdi 63 ].Q.A. §5=c, wjeaj=

imhmkftms hfwlfbedk pgwmrs tg tjm _rmseimdt GDHU ed tjm afsm g` dftegdfh mlmrkmdaems.0

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy;

5. Filet tjft _rmseimdtefh _rgahflftegd 9?;9 es stehh ed `gram, fdi tjmrm`grm f stftm g` dftegdfh mlmrkmday es tjm GDHU:

nusteèaftegd `gr agdteduedk tg suspmdi rmimmlfcehety g` @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms ed kghi gr sehvmr.5


6?. Filet tjft DG dftegdfh mlmrkmday nusteèms suspmdiedk fdy prgvesegd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd gr armftedk fdy66

dmw pgwmr wetjed tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt.63

‘ Mlmrkmday igms dgt armftm pgwmr. Mlmrkmday igms dgt edarmfsm krfdtmi pgwmr gr rmlgvm gr ieledesj tjm61

rmstreategds elpgsmi upgd pgwmr krfdtmi gr rmsmrvmi. Yjm Agdstetutegd wfs figptmi ed f pmregi g` krfvm69

mlmrkmday. Ets krfdts g` pgwmr tg tjm `mimrfh kgvmrdlmdt fdi ets heletftegds g` tjm pgwmr g` tjm Qtftms wmrm6=

imtmrledmi ed tjm hekjt g` mlmrkmday, fdi tjmy frm dgt fhtmrmi cy mlmrkmday. [jft pgwmr wfs tjus krfdtmi fdi60

wjft heletftegds wmrm tjus elpgsmi frm qumstegds R35? ].Q. 15:, 930\ wjeaj jfvm fhwfys cmmd, fdi fhwfys wehh6;

cm, tjm sucnmat g` ahgsm mxfledftegd udimr gur agdstetutegdfh systml.6:

‘[jehm mlmrkmday igms dgt armftm pgwmr, mlmrkmday lfy ùrdesj tjm gaafsegd `gr tjm mxmraesm g` pgwmr.65

'Fhtjgukj fd mlmrkmday lfy dgt afhh edtg he`m f pgwmr wjeaj jfs dmvmr hevmi, dmvmrtjmhmss mlmrkmday lfy f``gri3?

f rmfsgd `gr tjm mxmrtegd g` f hevedk pgwmr fhrmfiy mdngymi.' [ehsgd v. Dmw, 391 ].Q. 113, 19: , 1; Q.At. 35:,36

1?3, H.S.F. 656;M, 51:, Fdd.Afs. 656:F, 6?39.33

RJglm Chik. & Hgfd Fss―d v. Chfesimhh, 35? ].Q. 15: (6519)\31


‘ Dg mlmrkmday nusteèms tjm veghftegd g` fdy g` tjm prgvesegds g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd. Fd mlmrkmday,3=jgwmvmr, wjehm et afddgt armftm pgwmr, edarmfsm krfdtmi pgwmr, gr rmlgvm gr ieledesj tjm rmstreategds elpgsmi30

upgd tjm pgwmr krfdtmi gr rmsmrvmi, lfy fhhgw tjm mxmraesm g` pgwmr fhrmfiy ed mxestmdam, cut dgt mxmraesmi3;

mxampt iuredk fd mlmrkmday.630 3:

Yjm aeraulstfdams ed wjeaj tjm mxmautevm crfdaj lfy mxmraesm mxtrfgriedfry pgwmrs udimr tjm Agdstetutegd frm35

vmry dfrrgw.63; Yjm ifdkmr lust cm ellmieftm fdi elpmdiedk, gr tjm dmamssety urkmdt `gr tjm puchea smrveam,1?

suaj fs wehh dgt filet g` imhfy, fdi wjmrm tjm fategd g` tjm aeveh futjgrety wguhi cm tgg hftm ed prgveiedk tjm16

lmfds wjeaj tjm gaafsegd afhhs `gr.63: @gr mxflphm, tjmrm es dg cfses ed tjm Agdstetutegd `gr tjm smezurm g` stmmh13

lehhs iuredk f wfrtelm hfcgr iesputm, imspetm tjm _rmseimdt's ahfel tjft tjm wfr m``grt wguhi cm arepphmi e` tjm11

lehhs wmrm sjut igwd. 635“ 19

R60 Flmreafd Nurespruimdam 3i, Agdstetutegdfh Hfw, §=3 (6555)\1=

630 Pmex v. Qextj [fri Cuehiedk &Hgfd Fss―d g` Dmwfrb, 16? ].Q. 13, 0? Q. At. ;53, :9 H. Mi. 6?06 (659?)2 Jglm Chik. & Hgfd Fss―d v. Chfesimhh, 35?].Q. 15:, =9 Q. At. 316, ;: H. Mi. 961, :: F.H.S. 69:6 (6519).

Yjm Agdstetutegd wfs figptmi ed f pmregi g` krfvm mlmrkmday fdi ets krfdts g` pgwmr tg tjm @mimrfh Kgvmrdlmdt fdi ets heletftegds g` tjm pgwmr g` tjm stftmswmrm imtmrledmi ed tjm hekjt g` mlmrkmday, fdi frm dgt fhtmrmi cy mlmrkmday. @erst Yrust Ag. g` Hedaghd v. Qletj, 619 Dmc. :9, 3;; D.[. ;03 (651:).

63; Jfhpmred v. Bessedkmr, 0?0 @.3i. 6653 (I.A. Aer. 65;5), amrt. krfdtmi, 990 ].Q. 5=6, 6?? Q. At. 356=, 09 H. Mi. 3i :?; (65:?) fdi f``'i ed pfrt, amrt.ieslessmi ed pfrt, 9=3 ].Q. ;61, 6?6 Q. At. 1613, 05 H. Mi. 3i 10; (65:6), rmj'k imdemi, 9=1 ].Q. 53:, 6?3 Q. At. :53, 05 H. Mi. 3i 6?39 (65:6) fdigd rmlfdi tg, =93 @. Qupp. :35 (I.I.A. 65:3) fdi gd rmlfdi tg, =;: @. Qupp. 316 (I.I.A. 65:9), f``'i ed pfrt, rmlfdimi ed pfrt, :?; @.3i. 6:? (I.A.Aer. 65:0), gd rmlfdi tg, ;31 @. Qupp. 6=1= (I.I.A. 65:5), rmhftmi rm`mrmdam, 6556 [H 63?60; (I.I.A. 6556), rmlfdimi, 6553 [H 159=?1 (I.A. Aer.6553).

63: Letajmhh v. Jfrlgdy, =9 ].Q. 66=, 61 Jgw. 66=, 69 H. Mi. ;= (6:=6).

635 Ugudkstgwd Qjmmt &Yucm Ag. v. Qfwymr, 191 ].Q. =;5, ;3 Q. At. :01, 50 H. Mi. 66=1, 9; Gjeg Gp. 91?, 9; Gjeg Gp. 90?, 03 Gjeg H. Fcs. 96;, 03 GjegH. Fcs. 9;1, 30 F.H.S.3i 61;: (65=3).

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Yjm Lgdmy Hfudimredk Md`gramlmdt Qafl ;3 g` ;=Agpyrekjt Qgvmrmekdty Miuaftegd fdi Im`mdsm Ledestry, jttp>//smil.grk @grl ?=.?99, Smv. 6?-3-3?61 MZJECEY>WWWWWWWW


69. Filet tjft tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm es f prevftm agrpgrftegd fdi es dgt lgrm `mimrfh tjfd @mimrfh Mxprmss.3

Qmm>1

6. Yjm Armfturm `rgl Nmbyhh Eshfdi , K. Miwfri Kre`èd, @grl #66.=?:9

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl =

3. Qmarmts g` tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm, @grl #66.=6?, Mustfam Luhheds, 6556 0

jttp>//smil.grk/@grls/@grlEdimx.jtl ;

UG]S FDQ[MS (aerahm gdm)> Filet/Imdy:

6=. Filet tjft tjm futjgrety tg cgrrgw es imrevmi `rgl Agdstetutegd Frteahm 6, Qmategd :, Ahfusm 3.5

]detmi Qtftms Agdstetutegd6?


Yjm Agdkrmss sjfhh jfvm _gwmr. . .63



60. Filet tjft @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms frm dgt sekdmi cy tjm HMDIMS fdi tjft tjm twg sekdfturms fppmfredk gd tjm dgtm frm6=

tjm CGSSG[MS fdi dgt tjm HMDIMS.60


6;. Filet tjft ygu afddgt hmdi lgdmy tg ygursmh`, fdi tjmrm`grm tjm `mimrfh rmsmrvm JFI tg cm f prevftm tjeri pfrty6:

agrpgrftegd rftjmr tjfd pfrt g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt.65

Gdm lfy dgt ig fd fat tg jelsmh`.3?

Dmlg pgtmst sece imvmrm. Dg gdm afd gwm tg jelsmh`. Qmm Agdùsegd g` Sekjts.36

33

Dmlg fket ed smepsul. Dg lfd fats fkfedst jelsmh`2 Nmdb. Amdt. 9?2 tjmrm`grm dg lfd afd cm f nuikm ed jes gwd31

afusm.39

R Cguvemr―s Hfw Ieategdfry, 656923=

QG]SAM> jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/_ucheaftegds/CguvemrLfxelsG`Hfw/CguvemrsLfxels.jtl\ 30

WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3;

" Ugu sjfhh dgt ajfrkm edtmrmst tg ygur crgtjmr Rgr ygursmh` wjg es fhsg f ‘crgtjmr“\ --edtmrmst gd lgdmy gr ggi3:

gr fdytjedk tjft es hmdt gut ft edtmrmst."35

RImut. 31>65, Cechm, DBNP \1?

"Yg f `grmekdmr ygu lfy ajfrkm edtmrmst, cut tg ygur crgtjmr ygu sjfhh dgt ajfrkm edtmrmst, tjft tjm Hgri ygur16

Kgi lfy chmss ygu ed fhh tg wjeaj ygu smt ygur jfdi ed tjm hfdi wjeaj ygu frm mdtmredk tg pgssmss."13

RImut. 31>3?, Cechm, DBNP\11


6:. Filet tjft sg hgdk fs @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms frm dgt rmimmlfchm ed kghi fdi sehvmr, tjm dftegdfh kgvmrdlmdt jfs>1=

6:.6 Smphfami ets pgwmr tg ledt lgdmy wetj ets pgwmr tg cgrrgw lgdmy fdi . . .10

6:.3 Krfdtmi tg tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm, f prevftm agrpgrftegd, tjm mxahusevm rekjt tg mssmdtefhhy ledt lgdmy cy armftedk et1;

gut g` dgtjedk fdi . . .1:

6:.1 Imhmkftmi f puchea ùdategd tg f prevftm agrpgrftegd ed veghftegd g` tjm Agdstetutegd fdi tjm Qmpfrftegd g` _gwmrs15

igatredm.9?

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65. Filet tjft tjm grekedfh ]detmi Qtftms g` Flmreaf Lgdmy Fat g` 6;53, 6 Qtft. 390-3=6 es stehh ed ùhh `gram fdi m``mat fdi3

jfs DMPMS cmmd rmpmfhmi.1


3?. Filet tjft smategd 66 g` tjm grekedfh ]detmi Qtftms g` Flmreaf Lgdmy Fat g` 6;53, 6 Qtft. 390-3=6 rmquerms tjft tjm=

wmekjt g` prmaegus lmtfh ed f hfwùh lgdmy aged lust cm prgpgrtegdfh tg ets `fam vfhum>0

]detmi Qtftms g` Flmreaf Lgdmy Fat, 6;53;

6 Qtft. 390-3=6:

Qmategd 66. Fdi cm et ùrtjmr mdfatmi, Yjft tjm prgpgrtegdfh vfhum g` kghi fdi sehvmr ed fhh ageds wjeaj sjfhh cy5

hfw cm aurrmdt fs lgdmy wetjed tjm ]detmi Qtftms, sjfhh cm è`tmmd tg gdm, faagriedk tg qufdtety ed wmekjt, g` purm6?

kghi gr purm sehvmr2 tjft es tg sfy, mvmry è`tmmd pgudis wmekjt g` purm sehvmr sjfhh cm g` mqufh vfhum ed fhh pfylmdts,66

wetj gdm pgudi wmekjt g` purm kghi, fdi sg ed prgpgrtegd fs tg fdy krmftmr gr hmss qufdtetems g` tjm rmspmatevm63

lmtfhs.61


36. Filet tjft udnust wmekjts fdi lmfsurms frm fd fcgledftegd tg Kgi ed tjm Cechm.6=

‘Iesjgdmst safhms frm fd fcgledftegd tg tjm HGSI,60

Cut f nust wmekjt es Jes imhekjt.“ 6;

R_rgv. 66>6, Cechm, DBNP\6:

‘Ievmrsm wmekjts fdi ievmrsm lmfsurms,65

Yjmy frm cgtj fhebm, fd fcgledftegd tg tjm HGSI.“ 3?

R_rgv. 3?>6?, Cechm, DBNP\36


"Fs rmhekegd tgwfris Kgi es f crfdaj g` udevmrsfh rekjtmgusdmss (jm es dgt fd jgdmst lfd tjft es dgt imvgut), sg31

rekjtmgusdmss tgwfris lmd es f crfdaj g` trum rmhekegd, gr jm es dgt f kgihy lfd tjft es dgt jgdmst , dgr afd jm39

mxpmat tjft jes imvgtegd sjguhi cm faamptmi2 gr,3=

6. Dgtjedk es lgrm g``mdsevm tg Kgi tjfd imamet ed agllmram . F `fhsm cfhfdam es jmrm put `gr fhh lfddmr g`30udnust fdi `rfuiuhmdt prfateams Rg` gur puchea ies-smrvfdts\ ed imfhedk wetj fdy pmrsgd Rwetjed tjm puchea\,3;

wjeaj frm fhh fd fcgledftegd tg tjm Hgri, fdi rmdimr tjgsm fcgledfchm Rjftmi\ tg jel tjft fhhgw tjmlsmhvms3:

ed tjm usm g` suaj faaursmi frts g` tjrevedk. Et es fd f``rgdt tg nusteam, wjeaj Kgi es tjm pftrgd g`, fs wmhh fs f35

wrgdk tg gur dmekjcgur, wjgl Kgi es tjm prgtmatgr g`. Lmd Red tjm ESQ fdi tjm Agdkrmss\ lfbm hekjt g` suaj1?

`rfuis, fdi tjedb tjmrm es dg sed ed tjft wjeaj tjmrm es lgdmy tg cm kgt cy, fdi, wjehm et pfssms udiesagvmrmi,16

tjmy afddgt chflm tjmlsmhvms `gr et2 f chgt es dg chgt tehh et es jet, Jgs. 63>;, :. Cut tjmy frm dgt tjm hmss fd13

fcgledftegd tg Kgi, wjg wehh cm tjm fvmdkmr g` tjgsm tjft frm im`rfuimi cy tjmer crmtjrmd. 11

3. Dgtjedk es lgrm phmfsedk tg Kgi tjfd `fer fdi jgdmst imfhedk, dgr lgrm dmamssfry tg lfbm us fdi gur19

imvgtegds faamptfchm tg jel> F nust wmekjt es jes imhekjt. Jm jelsmh` kgms cy f nust wmekjt, fdi jghis tjm safhm1=

g` nuiklmdt wetj fd mvmd jfdi, fdi tjmrm`grm es phmfsmi wetj tjgsm tjft frm jmrmed ghhgwmrs g` jel.10

F R`fhsm\ cfhfdam, R wjmtjmr et cm ed tjm `mimrfh agurtrggl gr ft tjm ESQ gr ed tjm lfrbmtphfam , \ ajmfts, udimr1;

prmtmdam g` igedk rekjt lgst mxfathy, fdi tjmrm`grm es tjm krmftmr fcgledftegd tg Kgi." 1:

RLfttjmw Jmdry―s Agllmdtfry gd tjm [jghm Cechm2 Jmdry, L., 6550, a6556, udimr _rgv. 66>6\15


33. Filet tjft udnust wmekjts fdi lmfsurms edahuim essuedk lgdmy tjft es dgt iermathy fdi ude`grlhy prgpgrtegdfh tg tjm96

flgudt g` prmaegus lmtfh agdtfedmi ed tjm aged.93


31. Filet tjft>99

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31.6 F ¸ gudam Flmreafd Mfkhm kghi aged jfs f `fam vfhum g` tmd ighhfrs. . . fdi6

31.3 F gdm gudam Flmreafd Mfkhm jfs f `fam vfhum g` $=?…fdi 3

31.1 Yjm flgudt g` prmaegus lmtfh agdtfedmi ed tjmsm twg ageds es DGY prgpgrtegdfh tg tjm wmekjt.1

Yfchm 1> Dgd-prgpgrtegdfhety g` Flmreafd Mfkhm Kghi Ageds9

# Flmreafd Mfkhm KghiAged Qezm

@famvfhum

Pfhum g` kghi ed `fam vfhum ighhfrs pmr gudam

6 6 gudam $=? $=?3 ¼ gudam $3= $=?

1 ¸ gudam $6? $9?

Qmm fhsg> ].Q. Ledt [mcsetm> jttp>//www.usledt.kgv/ =


39. Filet tjft Flmreafd Mfkhm Ageds essumi cy tjm ].Q. Ledt frm fd fcgledftegd tg tjm Hgri cmafusm tjmy elphmlmdt fd;

udnust wmekjt fdi lmfsurm dgt lfbedk tjm flgudt g` prmaegus lmtfh ed tjm aged prgpgrtegdfh tg tjm `fam vfhum.:


3=. Filet tjft tjm ghhgwedk pjrfsm gudi gd aurrmdthy essumi @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms igms DGY fppmfr ed fdy stftutm ed Yethm6?63 g` tjm ].Q. Agim gr ed fdy stftutm `rgl tjm Qtftutms Ft Hfrkm aurrmdthy ed `gram>66

‘YJEQ DGYM EQ HMKFH YMDIMS @GS FHH IMCYQ, _]CHEA FDI _SEPFYM “ 63


30. Filet tjft tjm hfst stftutm tjft iei mxprmsshy usm tjm fcgvm hfdkufkm wfs `gudi ed J.N.S. 653, 9: Qtft. 663-661, wjeaj69

wfs rmpmfhmi wjmd Yethm 16 wfs agieèmi edtg pgsetevm hfw ed 65:3 wetj _uchea Hfw 5;-3=:, 50 Qtft. 6?0:.6=


3;. Filet tjft tjm gdhy futjgrety stftutm aurrmdthy ed `gram tjft eimdteèms tjm hmkfh tmdimr stftus g` aurrmdt @mimrfh Smsmrvm6;

Dgtms es 63 ].Q.A. §966, wjeaj sfys gd tjes sucnmat>6:

63 ].Q.A. §96665

Yjm sfei dgtms sjfhh cm gchekftegds g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms fdi sjfhh cm rmamevfchm cy fhh dftegdfh fdi lmlcmr cfdbs3?

fdi @mimrfh rmsmrvm cfdbs fdi `gr fhh tfxms, austgls, fdi gtjmr puchea iums. 36

3:. Filet tjft tjm hfdkufkm g` 63 ].Q.A. §966 sfys DGYJEDK fcgut ‘prevftm imcts“ fdi tjft tjm fcehety tg rmkuhftm33

_SEPFYM agdiuat es ‘rmpukdfdt tg tjm Agdstetutegd“ fs jmhi cy tjm ].Q. Quprmlm Agurt.31

‘Yjm pgwmr tg "hmkeshftm kmdmrfhhy upgd R_SEPFYM\ " he`m, hecmrty, fdi prgpmrty, fs gppgsmi tg tjm "pgwmr tg39

prgveim lgims g` rmirmss" fkfedst g``mdsevm stftm fategd, wfs "rmpukdfdt" tg tjm Agdstetutegd. Ei., ft 6=. Qmm fhsg3=

]detmi Qtftms v. Smmsm, 53 ].Q. 369, 36: (6:;0)2 ]detmi Qtftms v. Jfrres, 6?0 ].Q. 035, 015 (6::1)2 Nflms v.30

Cgwlfd, 65? ].Q. 63;, 615 (65?1). Fhtjgukj tjm spmaeèa jghiedks g` tjmsm mfrhy afsms lekjt jfvm cmmd3;

supmrsmimi gr lgieèmi, smm, m.k., Jmfrt g` Fthfdtf Lgtmh, Eda. v. ]detmi Qtftms, 1;5 ].Q. 396 (6509)2 ]detmi3:

Qtftms v. Kumst, 1:1 ].Q. ;9= (6500), tjmer trmftlmdt g` Agdkrmss' §= pgwmr fs agrrmatevm gr prmvmdtevm, dgt35

imèdetegdfh, jfs dgt cmmd qumstegdmi.“ 1?

RAety g` Cgmrdm v. @hgrmz, Frajcesjgp g` Qfd Fdtgdeg, =36 ].Q. =?; (655;) \ 16


35. Filet tjft @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms frm hmkeshftevmhy lfdiftmi `gr ‘puchea“ agdiuat fdi DGY prevftm agdiuat, fdi11

tjmrm`grm frm gdhy `gr usm edtmrdfh tg tjm ].Q. kgvmrdlmdt cy edstrulmdtfhetems fdi g`èamrs g` tjm kgvmrdlmdt.19

‘Yjm stftms frm prgjecetmi rgl mlettedk cehhs g` armiet2 cut agdkrmss, wjeaj es dmetjmr mxprmsshy futjgrezmi dgr1=

mxprmsshy `grceiimd tg ig sg, jfs, fs wm jfvm fhrmfiy smmd, cmmd jmhi tg jfvm tjm pgwmr g` mlettedk cehhs g`10

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armiet, fdi g` lfbedk mvmry prgvesegd gr tjmer aerauhftegd fs aurrmday, sjgrt g` kevedk tjml tjm qufhety g` hmkfh6

tmdimr `gr prevftm imcts , mvmd cy tjgsm wjg jfvm imdemi ets futjgrety tg kevm tjml tjes qufhety.“ 3

RHmkfh Ymdimr Afsms, 66? ].Q. 936, 99; (6::9)\1


1?. Filet tjft tjmrm frm YJSMM iestedat fdi ie``mrmdt typms g` @mimrfh Smsmrvm Dgtms `gudi ed ].Q. hfw jestgreafhhy>=

1?.6 ‘@mimrfh rmsmrvm dgtm“ (@rd)> Yjmsm frm tjm dgtms aurrmdthy essumi fdi ed aerauhftegd. Lmdtegdmi ed tjm aurrmdt 630

].Q.A. §966 fdi ed tjm grekedfh @mimrfh Smsmrvm Fat, 1: Qtft. 3=6, Ajfp. 0, Qmategd 60. Yjmsm dgtms frm dgt ‘hmkfh ;

tmdimr“ `gr prevftm purpgsms fdi lfy GDHU cm usmi edtmrdfhhy wetjed tjm @mimrfh Smsmrvm Qystml fdi dgt `gr:

prevftm usms.5

1?.3 ‘@mimrfh Smsmrvm dgtm“ (@Sd)> Lmdtegdmi ed J.N.S. 653, wjeaj jfs cmmd rmpmfhmi cy _uchea Hfw 5;-3=:, 50 Qtft.6?

6?0:. Yjmsm dgtms wmrm lfim hmkfh tmdimr cy J.N.S. 653, cut tjes fat jfs cmmd rmpmfhmi fdi tjmrm`grm lfy dgt66

hfwùhhy cm essumi.63

1?.1 ‘@mimr fh Smsmrvm Dgtm“ (@SD)> Yjes dflm dgwjmrm fppmfrs ed fdy mdfatlmdt g` Agdkrmss. Dgtms aurrmdthy essumi61

cmfr tjes edsareptegd.69


16. Filet tjft usedk ie``mrmdt hmkfh tmrls tg imsarecm f tjedk elphy f IE@@MSMDY tjedk>60

‘Yfhes dgd mst mfiml, dfl duhhul selehm mst eiml.6;

[jft es hebm es dgt tjm sflm, `gr dgtjedk selehfr es tjm sflm. 9 Ag. 6:.“ 6:

RCguvemr―s Hfw Ieategdfry,6569265

QG]SAM> jttp>//`flkufriefd.grk/_ucheaftegds/CguvemrLfxelsG`Hfw/CguvemrsLfxels.jtl \3?


13. Filet tjft wetjgut hfwùh ‘lgdmy“ fs hmkfhhy imèdmi, tjmrm afd cm dg suaj tjedk fs ‘lgdmy hfudimredk“. 33


61.9 F`èrlftegd39

E imahfrm udimr pmdfhty g` pmrnury fs rmquermi udimr 30 ].Q.A. §0?0= tjft tjm fdswmrs prgveimi cy lm tg tjm `grmkgedk3=

qumstegds frm trum, agrrmat, fdi aglphmtm tg tjm cmst g` ly bdgwhmikm fdi fcehety, sg jmhp lm Kgi. E fhsg imahfrm tjft tjmsm30

fdswmrs frm aglphmtmhy agdsestmdt wetj mfaj gtjmr fdi wetj ly udimrstfdiedk g` cgtj tjm Agdstetutegd g` tjm ]detmi Qtftms,3;

Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Agim, Yrmfsury Smkuhftegds, tjm Edtmrdfh Smvmdum Lfdufh, fdi tjm ruhedks g` tjm Quprmlm Agurt cut dgt3:

dmamssfrehy hgwmr `mimrfh agurts.35

Dflm (predt)>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW1?

Qekdfturm>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW16

Iftm>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW13

[etdmss dflm (predt)>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW11









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