the modern city paris and chicago. the growth of cities populations ~ 1800~ 1900 manchester...
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THE MODERN CITYPARIS and CHICAGO
THE GROWTH OF CITIESPopulations
~ 1800~ 1900
Manchester 75.000600.000
London 1.000.0006.500.000
Paris 500.0003.000.000
New York 33.0003.500.000
Chicago 3002.000.000
Reasons of this growth
•Urban migration to the rapidly industrialized cities
•Sudden drop in mortality due to improved standarts in nutrition and medical techniques
PARIS
Pre-Haussmann Paris, Dark, narrow streets, insecure city
Political unrest: The Aftermath of June 25, 1848A bloody but unsuccessful rebellion by the Paris workers against a conservative turn in the Republic's
course
Pollution: Urban factory, Paris, Before Haussmann
Polluted water in the city
MODERNIZING PARIS
• New boulevards and straight roadways cutting through le vieux Paris (old Paris)
• Improved circulation• Linking monumental sites• regulations imposed on facades of buildings, • public parks, • sewers and water works,
Baron von Haussmann, Reconstruction of Paris, 1853-70
Haussmann’s Paris, 1853-70, interventions in red.
Boulevard Henry IV, Paris, Before and after Haussmann
Displaced Parisians
Camille Pissarro, Boulevard Montmartre, 1897
Evening on a Parisian boulevard. Georges Stein (1870-1955)Champs Elysees - La modiste, Jean beraud (1900)
Boulevard Grand Armee
Boulevards focusing on monuments
Vision of Paris Centered on L’Opera
Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875 (photo: early 1900s)
Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875
Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875
Cleaning Up the Street and Gas Lamps
Bon Marche, Department store Paris, 1865-70
Bon Marche, Department store Paris, 1865-70
Displaced Parisians in New Shanty Towns
Gustave Caillebot, Parisian Street Scene
Manet, “Bar at Les Folies Bergeres”
Another Bar Scene
Life in Parisian apartments on Haussmann’s boulevards
THE FLANEUR
A literary type from 19th century France, essential to any picture of the streets of Paris.
the detached urban explorer, the man of leisure, the idler, the connoisseur of the street
Illustration by Daumier from ‘Physiologie du Flaneur’, 1841; Paul Gavarni, Le Flaneur, 1842
The Flaneur, Unknown photograph
Urban parks: Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894), Le Parc Monceau, oil on canvas, 1877
in 1850 Baron Haussmann engineered separate underground passages for drinking water and sewage using iron piping and digging techniques made possible by the Industrial Revolution, and in 1878 the system was 360 miles long.